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Colombino E, Gariglio M, Biasato I, Ferrocino I, Pozzo S, Fragola E, Battisti E, Zanet S, Ferroglio E, Capucchio MT, Schiavone A. Insect live larvae as a new nutritional model in duck: effects on gut health. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:31. [PMID: 38812012 PMCID: PMC11137933 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly-BSF) and Tenebrio molitor (Yellow mealworm-YMW) live larvae as a new nutritional model on duck's gut health, considering gut histomorphometry, mucin composition, cytokines transcription levels, and microbiota. A total of 126, 3-days-old, females Muscovy ducks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 7 birds/pen): (i) C: basal diet; (ii) BSF: C + BSF live larvae; (iii) YMW: C + YMW live larvae. BSF and YMW live larvae were administered on top of the basal diet, based on the 5% of the expected daily feed intake. The live weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were evaluated for the whole experimental period. On day 52, 12 ducks/treatment (2 birds/replicate) were slaughtered and samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, spleen, liver, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were collected for histomorphometry. Mucin composition was evaluated in the small intestine through histochemical staining while jejunal MUC-2 and cytokines transcription levels were evaluated by rt-qPCR. Cecal microbiota was also analyzed by means of 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Birds' growth performance and histomorphometry were not influenced by diet, with a proximo-distal decreasing gradient from duodenum to ileum (p < 0.001), respecting the physiological gut development. Mucin staining intensity and MUC-2 gene expression did not vary among dietary treatments, even though mucin intensity increased from duodenum to ileum, according to normal gut mucus physiology (p < 0.001). Regarding local immune response, IL-6 was higher in YMW group when compared to the other groups (p = 0.009). Insect live larvae did not affect cecal microbiota diversity, but BSF and YMW groups showed a higher presence of Helicobacter, Elusimicrobium, and Succinatimonas and a lower abundance of Coriobacteriaceae and Phascolarctobacterium compared to C birds (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of BSF and YMW live larvae as new nutritional model did not impair gut development and mucin composition of Muscovy ducks, but slightly improved the intestinal immune status and the microbiota composition by enhancing regulatory cytokine IL-6 and by increasing minor Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) involved in short-chain fatty acids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Sara Pozzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Milano, 20133, MI, Italy
| | - Emma Fragola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Elena Battisti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanet
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Ezio Ferroglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
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Peng X, Yang Y, Zhong R, Yang Y, Yan F, Liang N, Yuan S. Zinc and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Clinical Study to Animal Experiment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04193-6. [PMID: 38805169 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) with a high incidence rate globally, and IBD patients are often accompanied by zinc deficiency. This review aims to summarize the potential therapeutic value of zinc supplementation in IBD clinical patients and animal models. Zinc supplementation can relieve the severity of IBD especially in patients with zinc deficiency. The clinical severity of IBD were mainly evaluated through some scoring methods involving clinical performance, endoscopic observation, blood biochemistry, and pathologic biopsy. Through conducting animal experiments, it has been found that zinc plays an important role in alleviating clinical symptoms and improving pathological lesions. In both clinical observation and animal experiment of IBD, the therapeutic mechanisms of zinc interventions have been found to be related to immunomodulation, intestinal epithelial repair, and gut microbiota's balance. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of zinc was clarified in animal experiment. Appropriate zinc supplementation is beneficial for IBD therapy, and the present evidence highlights that alleviating zinc-deficient status can effectively improve the severity of clinical symptoms in IBD patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingxiang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, Sichuan, China
| | - Rao Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuexuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, Sichuan, China.
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Chang Y, Wang K, Liu G, Zhao H, Chen X, Cai J, Jia G. Zinc glycine chelate ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via attenuating TLR4/NF-κB pathway in meat ducks. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:5. [PMID: 38243258 PMCID: PMC10797781 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc glycine chelate (Zn-Gly) has anti-inflammation and growth-promoting properties; however, the mechanism of Zn-Gly contribution to gut barrier function in Cherry Valley ducks during intestinal inflammation is unknown. Three-hundred 1-day-old ducks were divided into 5 groups (6 replicates and 10 ducks per replicate) in a completely randomized design: the control and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) groups were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and experimental groups received supplements of 70, 120 or 170 mg/kg Zn in form of Zn-Gly. The DSS and treatment groups were given 2 mL of 0.45 g/mL DSS daily during d 15-21, and the control group received normal saline. The experiment lasted 21 d. RESULTS Compared with DSS group, 70, 120 and 170 mg/kg Zn significantly increased body weight (BW), villus height and the ratio of villus to crypt, and significantly decreased the crypt depth of jejunum at 21 d. The number of goblet cells in jejunal villi in the Zn-Gly group was significantly increased by periodic acid-Schiff staining. Compared with control, the content of intestinal permeability marker D-lactic acid (D-LA) and fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-D) in plasma of DSS group significantly increased, and 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly decreased the D-LA content and FITC-D fluxes. Compared with control, contents of plasma, jejunum endotoxin and jejunum pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in DSS group, and were significantly decreased by 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation. Dietary Zn significantly increased the contents of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, IL-22 and sIgA and IgG in jejunum. Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly increased mRNA expression levels of CLDN-1 and expression of OCLN protein in jejunum, and decreased gene and protein expression of CLDN-2 compared with DSS group. The 120 mg/kg Zn significantly promoted the expressions of IL-22 and IgA. Dietary Zn-Gly supplementation significantly decreased pro-inflammatory genes IL-8 and TNF-α expression levels and TNF-α protein expression in jejunum. Additionally, Zn significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB p65. CONCLUSIONS Zn-Gly improved duck BW and alleviated intestinal injury by regulating intestinal morphology, barrier function and gut inflammation-related signal pathways TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Cui C, Li L, Wu L, Wang X, Zheng Y, Wang F, Wei H, Peng J. Paneth cells in farm animals: current status and future direction. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:118. [PMID: 37582766 PMCID: PMC10426113 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy intestine plays an important role in the growth and development of farm animals. In small intestine, Paneth cells are well known for their regulation of intestinal microbiota and intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Although there has been a lot of studies and reviews on human and murine Paneth cells under intestinal homeostasis or disorders, little is known about Paneth cells in farm animals. Most farm animals possess Paneth cells in their small intestine, as identified by various staining methods, and Paneth cells of various livestock species exhibit noticeable differences in cell shape, granule number, and intestinal distribution. Paneth cells in farm animals and their antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are susceptible to multiple factors such as dietary nutrients and intestinal infection. Thus, the comprehensive understanding of Paneth cells in different livestock species will contribute to the improvement of intestinal health. This review first summarizes the current status of Paneth cells in pig, cattle, sheep, horse, chicken and rabbit, and points out future directions for the investigation of Paneth cells in the reviewed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lindeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fangke Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 400700, China.
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Esteves-Aguilar J, Mussali-Galante P, Valencia-Cuevas L, García-Cigarrero AA, Rodríguez A, Castrejón-Godínez ML, Tovar-Sánchez E. Ecotoxicological effects of heavy metal bioaccumulation in two trophic levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49840-49855. [PMID: 36781676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The pollution generated by the heavy metals (HM) contained in mining wastes (tailings) is a worldwide recognized environmental concern. Due to the persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification capacity through the food chains, the release of HM into the environment causes negative effects on human health and the ecosystems. Wigandia urens Kunth (Boraginaceae) is a plant species that naturally establishes and grows in tailings and is consumed by the grasshopper Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). HM accumulation in this plant and their subsequent consumption by defoliating insects allow these contaminants to enter the food webs and favor their biomagnification. This study evaluated the effect of HM bioaccumulation in the leaf tissue of W. urens on the characteristics associated with its physical defense against herbivores and the effect of HM exposure on population parameters of grasshoppers through their ontogeny under controlled conditions. The results showed a significant increase in leaf hardness and in the number of simple and glandular trichomes in the leaves of W. urens growing on mine tailing substrate compared to those grown on the control substrate without HM. W. urens individuals growing on mine tailing substrate presented the following heavy metal foliar bioaccumulation pattern: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu. These metals were also bioaccumulated in individuals of S. purpurascens fed with leaves of the plants exposed to mine tailings, observing differences in their concentration pattern through ontogeny. Grasshoppers fed on leaf tissue containing HM showed higher mortality in the first two developmental instars and lower body biomass throughout their ontogeny in comparison to the individuals fed on leaf tissue of plants growing on the control treatment without HM. In conclusion, W. urens is a species with phytoremediation potential for soils contaminated with HM, since it is naturally established in contaminated sites, has a wide geographic distribution, and bioaccumulates significant amounts of different HM. Furthermore, as was observed in this report, the W. urens physical and chemical defense against herbivores was enhanced by HM exposure, compromising the fitness and development of the herbivore S. purpurascens through its ontogeny and thus interrupting the entry and transfer of heavy metal through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Esteves-Aguilar
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leticia Valencia-Cuevas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alexis Ariel García-Cigarrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Wang L, Wang Z, Luo P, Bai S, Chen Y, Chen W. Dietary Zinc Glycine Supplementation Improves Tibia Quality of Meat Ducks by Modulating the Intestinal Barrier and Bone Resorption. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:888-903. [PMID: 35320516 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Leg problems characterized by gait abnormity and bone structure destruction are associated with a high risk of fractures and continuous pain in poultry. Zinc (Zn) acts a pivotal part in normal bone homeostasis and has proven to be highly effective in alleviating leg problems. Therefore, the effects of graded concentration of Zn on bone quality were evaluated in this study. A total of 512 1-d-old male ducks were fed 4 basal diets added 30 mg/kg Zn, 60 mg/kg Zn, 90 mg/kg Zn, and 120 mg/kg Zn as Zn glycine for 35 d. Tibia Zn content, ash percentage, and breaking strength linearly increased with dietary elevated Zn level (P < 0.05). Broken-line analysis revealed that the recommended level of Zn from Zn glycine was 55.13 mg/kg and 64.48 mg/kg based on tibia ash and strength, respectively. To further confirm the role of dietary Zn glycine addition on bone characteristics, data from birds fed either 60 mg/kg Zn as Zn sulfate (ZnSO4), 30 mg/kg Zn, or 60 mg/kg Zn in the form of Zn glycine indicated that birds given 60 mg/kg Zn from Zn glycine diet exhibited higher tibia ash, strength, and trabecular volume compared to those fed the 30 mg/kg Zn diet (P < 0.05). Dietary 60 mg/kg Zn as Zn glycine addition decreased intestinal permeability, upregulated the mRNA expression of tight junction protein, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which was companied by declined the level of inflammatory cytokines in both the ileum and bone marrow. Regarding bone turnover, the diet with 60 mg/kg Zn from Zn glycine induced osteoprotegerin expression and thus decreased osteoclast number and serum bone resorption biomarker levels including serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen level when compared to 30 mg/kg Zn diet (P < 0.05). Except for the upregulation in runt-related transcription factor 2 transcription, the experimental treatments did not apparently change the bone formation biomarker contents in serum. Additionally, Zn glycine displayed a more efficient absorption rate, evidenced by higher serum Zn level, and thus had potentially greater a protective role in the intestine barrier and tibia mass as compared to ZnSO4. Collectively, the dietary supplementation of 60 mg/kg in the form of Zn glycine could suppress bone resorption mediated by osteoclast and consequently improve tibial quality of meat ducks, in which enhanced intestinal integrity and optimized gut microbiota might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Pengna Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Chang Y, Wang K, Wen M, Wu B, Liu G, Zhao H, Chen X, Cai J, Jia G. Organic zinc glycine chelate is better than inorganic zinc in improving growth performance of cherry valley ducks by regulating intestinal morphology, barrier function, and the gut microbiome. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad279. [PMID: 37606553 PMCID: PMC10494877 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element that has physiological and nutritional functions. However, excessive use of Zn can lead to waste of resources. In this study, we compared the effects of inorganic (ZnSO4) and organic Zn glycine chelate (Zn-Gly) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune function, barrier integrity, and gut microbiome of Cherry Valley ducks. We randomly divided 180 one-day-old male meat ducks into three groups, each with six replicates of 10 birds: basal diet group (CON), basal diet with 70 mg Zn/kg from ZnSO4 (ZnSO4 group), and basal diet with 70 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly (Zn-Gly group). After 14 and 35 d of feeding, birds in the Zn groups had significantly increased body weight and average daily gain (ADG), decreased intestinal permeability indicator d-lactate, improved intestinal morphology and barrier function-related tight junction protein levels, and upregulated mucin 2 and secretory immunoglobulin A levels compared to the control (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the ZnSO4 group, we found that supplementation with Zn-Gly at 70 mg/kg Zn resulted in the significant increase of body weight at 35 d, 1 to 35 d ADG and average daily feed intake, villus height at 14 and 35 d, secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G at 14 d, and mucin 2 mRNA level at 14 d (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary Zn had a significant effect on the gene expression of metallothionein at 14 and 35 d (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Zn significantly increased alpha diversity (P < 0.05), whereas no differences in beta diversity were observed among groups (P > 0.05). Dietary Zn significantly altered the cecal microbiota composition by increasing the abundances of Firmicutes, Blautia, Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae NK3B31, and [Ruminococcus] torques group and reducing that of Bacteroides (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the changes in microbiota were highly correlated (P < 0.05) with growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune function-related parameters. Taken together, our data show that, under the condition of adding 70 mg/kg Zn, supplementation with Zn-Gly promoted growth performance by regulating intestinal morphology, immune function, barrier integrity, and gut microbiota of Cherry Valley ducks compared with the use of ZnSO4 in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Wen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan 618300, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Abd El-Ghany WA. A perspective review on the effect of different forms of zinc on poultry production of poultry with special reference to the hazardous effects of misuse. CABI REVIEWS 2022; 2022. [DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractZinc (Zn) is a unique micro-mineral because it is an essential component in many enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase, and alkaline phosphatase, as well as being important for regulation of proteins and lipids metabolism, and sex hormones. This mineral is applied in poultry production in three forms; inorganic, organic, and nanoparticle form. The nano-form of Zn is preferable in application to other conventional forms with regard to absorption, bioavailability, and efficacy. Broilers fed on diets supplemented with Zn showed improvement of growth performance, carcass meat yield, and meat quality. In addition, Zn plays an important role in enhancing of both cellular and humeral immune responses, beside its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In laying hens, dietary addition of Zn improves the eggshell quality and the quantity of eggs. Moreover, Zn has a vital role in breeders in terms of improving the egg production, fertility, hatchability, embryonic development, and availability of the hatched chicks. Therefore, this review article is focused on the effects of using Zn on the performance and immunity of poultry, as well as its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with special reference to the hazardous effects of the misusing of this mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany
- Address: Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Wan Y, Zhang B. The Impact of Zinc and Zinc Homeostasis on the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Intestinal Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070900. [PMID: 35883455 PMCID: PMC9313088 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for living organisms, and zinc homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of cells and organisms. The intestine is the main location for zinc absorption and excretion, while zinc and zinc homeostasis is also of great significance to the structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Zinc excess or deficiency and zinc homeostatic imbalance are all associated with many intestinal diseases, such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), and CRC (colorectal cancer). In this review, we describe the role of zinc and zinc homeostasis in the intestinal mucosal barrier and the relevance of zinc homeostasis to gastrointestinal diseases.
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Chang Y, Mei J, Yang T, Zhang Z, Liu G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Wu B, Wu F, Jia G. Effect of Dietary Zinc Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Health of Cherry Valley Ducks Challenged With Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:849067. [PMID: 35602082 PMCID: PMC9115567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.849067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplemental zinc methionine (Zn-Met) on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of meat ducks challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). A total of 480 1-day-old Cherry Valley male ducks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 10 replicates, each replicate containing 10 ducks. A 4 × 2 factor design was used with four dietary zinc levels (0, 30, 60, 120 mg Zn/kg in the form Zn-Met was added to the corn-soybean basal diet) and challenged with or without APEC at 8-days-old ducks. The trial lasted for 14 days. The results showed that a dietary Zn-Met supplementation significantly increased body weight (BW) of 14 days and BW gain, and decreased mortality during 7-14-days-old ducks (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary 30, 60, 120 mg/kg Zn-Met supplementation noticeably increased the thymus index at 2 days post-infection (2 DPI) and 8 DPI (p < 0.05), and 120 mg/kg Zn-Met enhanced the serum IgA at 2 DPI and IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 at 8 DPI (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary 120 mg/kg Zn-Met supplementation dramatically increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) of jejunum at 2 DPI and 8 DPI (p < 0.05). The TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA expression were downregulated after supplemented with 120 mg/kg Zn-Met in jejunum at 8 DPI (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary 120 mg/kg Zn-Met supplementation stimulated ZO-3, OCLN mRNA expression at 2 DPI and ZO-2 mRNA expression in jejunum at 8 DPI (p < 0.05), and improved the MUC2 concentration in jejunum at 2 DPI and 8 DPI (p < 0.05). At the same time, the cecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus counts were increased (p < 0.05), and Escherichia coli counts were decreased (p < 0.05) after supplemented with Zn-Met. In conclusion, inclusion of 120 mg/kg Zn-Met minimizes the adverse effects of APEC challenge on meat ducks by improving growth performance and enhancing immune function and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Mei
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Meishan Vocational Technical College, Meishan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Cui YM, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Qiao HZ, Gan LP, Wu SG. Effect of Changes in Photoperiods on Melatonin Expression and Gut Health Parameters in Laying Ducks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819427. [PMID: 35359713 PMCID: PMC8961281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of photoperiod on ileal morphology, barrier function, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, microbial flora, melatonin expression, and synthesis in laying ducks. After adaption, a total of 180 Jinding laying ducks (252 days old) were randomly divided into three treatments, receiving 12L (hours of light):12D (hours of darkness), 16L:8D, or 20L:4D. Each treatment had six replicates with 10 birds each. The formal experiment lasted 58 days. Compared with 12L:12D, the significantly higher values of villus height and goblet cell percentage (GCP) were observed in 16L:8D treatment, accompanied with the higher mRNA relative expression of zonula occludens-1, zonula occludens-2, zonula occludens-3, claudin-1, occludin, and mucin 2 (P < 0.05). Besides, significantly higher values of acetate and propionate, butyrate and total SCFA concentrations were simultaneously observed in ileal chyme of 16L:8D treatment (P < 0.05). For the ileal microbial community, the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) visually presented that three photoperiod groups were mainly scattered into three clusters, indicating that the microbiota composition in different photoperiod treatments were quite dissimilar. Lower values of Shannon indicators were observed in the 20L:4D treatment (P < 0.05), meaning that the microbiota α-diversity decreased in the 20-h photoperiod. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria at phylum level and Fusobacterium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Pectobacterium at genus level kept an appropriate balance in the 16L:8D photoperiod. Melatonin level in serum decreased with the increasing photoperiods at 6:00 and 12:00, which was consistent with melatonin receptor expressions in the hypothalamus and ileal tissue. Meanwhile, the adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) contents were significantly downregulated in the pineal gland (P < 0.05), in response to the increase in photoperiod. In conclusion, an appropriate photoperiod could improve ileal morphology, barrier function, SCFA profile, and microbial flora, which may be attributed to the appropriate regulation of the circadian rhythm through melatonin as well as its receptor expression, and 16 h could be an adequate photoperiod for laying ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-ming Cui
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-zhen Qiao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-ping Gan
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-geng Wu,
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Chang Y, Tang H, Zhang Z, Yang T, Wu B, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Wu F, Jia G. Zinc Methionine Improves the Growth Performance of Meat Ducks by Enhancing the Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Barrier Function. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:774160. [PMID: 35174244 PMCID: PMC8841862 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.774160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc methionine (Zn-Met) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function of meat ducks. Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old male Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates (10 birds each), and fed diets with 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 150 mg/kg Zn for 35 d. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with Zn-Met substantially increased the average daily gain (ADG), and reduced the feed to gain ratio (F/G) during 1–35 d (P < 0.05). Dietary Zn-Met markedly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of critical antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were increased by Zn in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 60, 90, 120, and 150 mg/kg of Zn significantly reduced the diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in the serum (P < 0.05). Different levels of Zn can increase the mRNA expression of occluding (OCLN) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with zinc significantly increased the content of mucin2 (MUC2), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the jejunum of meat ducks (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that 150 mg/kg of Zn had a higher relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia in cecal digesta (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Zn-Met improved the growth performance of meat ducks by enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function. This study provides data support for the application of Zn-Met in meat duck breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huangyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Meishan Vocational Technical College, Meishan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Jia ;
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Xie Y, Wen M, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Jia G. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth performance, intestinal development, and intestinal barrier function in Pekin ducks with lipopolysaccharide challenge. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101462. [PMID: 34731734 PMCID: PMC8567444 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of zinc (Zn) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal development and intestinal barrier function in Pekin ducks. A total of 480, one-day-old male Pekin ducks were divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates: 0 mg/kg Zn, 0 mg/kg Zn +0.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 30 mg/kg Zn, 30 mg/kg Zn +0.5 mg/kg LPS, 120 mg/kg Zn, 120 mg/kg Zn +0.5 mg/kg LPS. The duck primary intestinal epithelial cells (DIECs) were divided into 6 groups: D-Zn (Zinc deficiency, treated with 2 µmol/L zinc Chelator TPEN), A-Zn (Adequate Zinc, basal medium), H-Zn (High level of Zn, supplemented with 20 µmol/L Zn), D-Zn + 20 µg/mL LPS, A-Zn + 20 µg/mL LPS, H-Zn + 20 µg/mL LPS. The results were as follows: in vivo, with Zn supplementation of 120 mg/kg reduced LPS-induced decrease of growth performance and intestine damage (P < 0.05), and increased intestinal digestive enzyme activity of Pekin ducks (P < 0.05). In addition, Zn supplementation also attenuated LPS-induced intestinal epithelium permeability (P < 0.05), inhibited LPS-induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related genes (P < 0.05), as well as reduced LPS-induced the intestinal stem cells mobilization of Pekin ducks (P < 0.05). In vitro, 20 µmol/L Zn inhibited LPS-induced expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related genes (P < 0.05), promoted the expression of cytoprotection-related genes, and attenuated LPS-induced intestinal epithelium permeability in DIECs (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, 20 µmol/L Zn enhanced tight junction protein markers including CLDN-1, OCLD, and ZO-1 both at protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and also increased the level of phosphorylation of TOR protein (P < 0.05) and activated the TOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, Zn improves growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal barrier function of Pekin ducks. Importantly, Zn also reverses LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage via enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins and activating the TOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Min Wen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Barzegar M, Zaghari M, Zhandi M, Sadeghi M. Effects of zinc dosage and particle size on gut morphology, tight junctions and TNF-α expression in broiler breeder hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:772-782. [PMID: 34514633 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of different amounts and particle size of zinc oxide (ZnO) on villus height (VH), villus width (VW), crypt depth (CD) and VH to CD ratio (VH: CD), and expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin (OC) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in broiler breeders. A total of 350 (Ross 308) broiler breeder hens of 54 weeks randomly assigned to seven treatments, included control basal diet (C) without added Zn, C+ 100, and 130 mg Zn per kg of diet from Large (L) (100-1000 nm) and Small (S) (<100 nm) particle size ZnO (LZnO100 and 130; SZnO100 and 130), C and SZnO100 challenged with lipopolysaccharide (C+LPS and SZnO100+LPS). Each diet was fed to five replicates consisting of ten birds each. The middle part of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was used for morphological assessments. To assess the gene expression of ZO-1, OC and TNF-α in the jejunum samples were excised. Results showed that the supplementing 130 ppm SZnO increased VH:CD in the duodenum (p < 0.05). VW in the duodenum and all the evaluated morphometric indices in jejunum and ileum were not affected by the dietary treatment (p > 0.05). ZO-1 mRNA abundance in C+LPS group compared to SZnO100+LPS group was significantly decreased and increased by LPS and SZnO100 respectively. The SZnO-100 increased OC gene expression in compare to C+LPS group. The expression of TNF-α in C+LPS treatment was higher than other groups (p < 0.05). The lowest and the highest litter moisture and foot-pad dermatitis (FPD) were observed in LZnO-130 and C treatments respectively (p < 0.05). Improving the physical properties of ZnO affect on VH:CD. Broiler breeder diet with ZnO enhance ZO-1, OC and mitigate TNF-α gene expression in jejunum maintenance of gut health in broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Barzegar
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zaghari
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zhandi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Evaluating zinc glycine chelate in Cherry Valley Ducks: Responses of growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum parameters, antioxidant status, meat quality and zinc accumulation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Wang H, Gao W, Huang L, Shen JJ, Liu Y, Mo CH, Yang L, Zhu YW. Mineral requirements in ducks: an update. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6764-6773. [PMID: 33248592 PMCID: PMC7705048 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral nutrition plays a critical role in growth and bone mineralization in meat ducks as well as reproductive performance in duck layers and duck breeders. In addition to improving production performance parameters, minerals are also essential to support several enzymatic systems to enhancing antioxidant ability and immune function. This review explores the biological function and metabolism of minerals in the body, as well as mineral feeding strategy of various species of ducks. Topics range from mineral requirement to the physiological role of macroelements such as calcium and phosphorus and microelements such as zinc and selenium, etc. As with the improvement of genetic evolution and upgrade of rearing system in duck production, mineral requirements and electrolyte balance are urgent to be re-evaluated using sensitive biomarkers for the modern duck breed characterized by the rapid growth rate and inadequate bone development and mineralization. For duck breeders, mineral nutrition is not only required for maximal egg production performance but also for maintaining normal embryonic development and offspring's performance. Therefore, the proper amounts of bioavailable minerals need to be supplemented to maintain the mineral nutritional state of duck species during all phases of life. In addition, more positive effects of high doses microelements supplementations have been revealed for modern meat ducks subjected to various stresses in commercial production. The nutritional factors of mineral sources, supplemental enzymes, and antinutritional factors from unconventional ingredients should be emphasized to improve the effectiveness of mineral nutrition in duck feed formulation. Organic mineral sources and phytase enzymes have been adopted to reduce the antagonistic action between mineral and antinutritional factors. Therefore, special and accurate database of mineral requirements should be established for special genotypes of ducks under different rearing conditions, including rearing factors, environmental stresses and diets supplemented with organic sources, phytase and VD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - W Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - L Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - J J Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Y Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - C H Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - L Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Y W Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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The Microbiota Contributes to the Control of Highly Pathogenic H5N9 Influenza Virus Replication in Ducks. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00289-20. [PMID: 32102887 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00289-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks usually show little or no clinical signs following highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. In order to analyze whether the microbiota could contribute to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks, we used a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic treatment to deplete the microbiota before infection with a highly pathogenic H5N9 avian influenza virus. Antibiotic-treated ducks and nontreated control ducks did not show any clinical signs following H5N9 virus infection. We did not detect any significant difference in virus titers neither in the respiratory tract nor in the brain nor spleen. However, we found that antibiotic-treated H5N9 virus-infected ducks had significantly increased intestinal virus excretion at days 3 and 5 postinfection. This was associated with a significantly decreased antiviral immune response in the intestine of antibiotic-treated ducks. Our findings highlight the importance of an intact microbiota for an efficient control of avian influenza virus replication in ducks.IMPORTANCE Ducks are frequently infected with avian influenza viruses belonging to multiple subtypes. They represent an important reservoir species of avian influenza viruses, which can occasionally be transmitted to other bird species or mammals, including humans. Ducks thus have a central role in the epidemiology of influenza virus infection. Importantly, ducks usually show little or no clinical signs even following infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We provide evidence that the microbiota contributes to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks by modulating the antiviral immune response. Ducks are able to control influenza virus replication more efficiently when they have an intact intestinal microbiota. Therefore, maintaining a healthy microbiota by limiting perturbations to its composition should contribute to the prevention of avian influenza virus spread from the duck reservoir.
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Wu XP, Zhu YF, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Wang JP, Peng HW, Zeng QF. Growth performance, zinc tissue content, and intestinal health in meat ducks fed different specific surface area of micronized zinc oxide. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3894-3901. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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20
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Bortoluzzi C, Vieira BS, Lumpkins B, Mathis GF, King WD, Graugnard D, Dawson KA, Applegate TJ. Can dietary zinc diminish the impact of necrotic enteritis on growth performance of broiler chickens by modulating the intestinal immune-system and microbiota? Poult Sci 2019; 98:3181-3193. [PMID: 31220319 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of inorganic and proteinate Zn in chickens challenged with coccidia and Clostridium perfringens. A 3 × 2 factorial design was used, with 3 dietary formulations (0 or 90 mg/kg supplemental Zn from ZnSO4 or Zn proteinate, with or without challenge). On day 14, challenged birds were orally gavaged with approx. 5,000 Eimeria maxima sporulated oocysts, and on day 19 to 21 with C. perfringens (108 CFU/D). Productive performance was assessed at day 21 and 28. At 21 D, necrotic enteritis (NE) lesion severity, intestinal permeability, gene expression, and ileal and cecal microbiota were evaluated. An interaction of Zn source by challenge was observed for lesion score and mortality, wherein Zn supplementation decreased the degree of NE lesions (P = 0.02) and mortality due to NE (P = 0.008). In the jejunum, an interaction of Zn source by challenge was observed for the expression of IL-8 (P = 0.001) and INF-γ (P = 0.03), wherein the NE challenge upregulated their expression, but not in the Zn proteinate supplemented birds. Zn proteinate supplementation downregulated iNOS vs. ZnSO4 supplemented birds (P = 0.0003), and supplemental Zn downregulated TLR-2 (P = 0.05) and ZnT5 (P = 0.04), regardless of the source. In the ileal microbiota, Zn proteinate supplementation decreased the frequency of Lactobacillus (P = 0.01), and the challenge increased Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.01). Dietary Zn decreased NE lesion severity and mortality due to NE; Zn proteinate led to lower expression of IL-8 and INF-γ in challenged birds which may be an indicative of a lessened inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bortoluzzi
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - B S Vieira
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - B Lumpkins
- Southern Poultry Research, Inc., Athens, GA, 30607, USA
| | - G F Mathis
- Southern Poultry Research, Inc., Athens, GA, 30607, USA
| | - W D King
- Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance, Lexington, KY, 40356, USA
| | - D Graugnard
- Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance, Lexington, KY, 40356, USA
| | - K A Dawson
- Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance, Lexington, KY, 40356, USA
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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21
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Wen M, Wu B, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Jia G. Effects of Dietary Zinc on Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Antioxidant Status, and Tissue Zinc Accumulation of Pekin Ducks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:187-196. [PMID: 30343482 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary zinc on carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and tissue zinc accumulation of Pekin ducks. A total of 768 1-day-old Pekin ducks were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments and penned in groups of 16 with 8 pens per treatment. Ducks were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with graded levels of zinc sulfate (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 mg zinc/kg) for 35 days. The slaughter weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, and breast and leg muscle weight of Pekin ducks were increased with increasing dietary zinc levels (P < 0.05). Zinc supplementation increased the pH value at 24-h postmortem and the intramuscular fat (IMF) (P < 0.05), but decreased the lightness value, drip loss, and shear force in breast meat of ducks (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary zinc increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and the content of glutathione (GSH), as well as decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in breast muscle (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that supplemental zinc notably enhanced the transcription of SOD, GPX, GR, CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, zinc accumulation in plasma, breast muscle, liver, and tibia were linearly increased with increasing zinc supplementation (P < 0.05). These results indicated that zinc supplementation could improve carcass traits and meat quality and increase the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in breast muscle of Pekin duck. Base on broken-line regression analysis that 91.32 mg/kg of dietary zinc was suggested for optimal carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and zinc deposition of Pekin duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Tibet Vocational Technical College, Lasa, 850000, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, 618300, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Shi J, Zhao XH. Effect of caseinate glycation with oligochitosan and transglutaminase on the intestinal barrier function of the tryptic caseinate digest in IEC-6 cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:652-664. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oligochitosan-glycated caseinate digest has higher activity than the caseinate digest to strengthen the intestinal barrier function of IEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- PR China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- PR China
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23
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Shi J, Zhao XH. Influence of the Maillard-type caseinate glycation with lactose on the intestinal barrier activity of the caseinate digest in IEC-6 cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:2010-2021. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02607f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The glycated caseinate digest of the Maillard-type shows lower capability than the caseinate digest to enhance the intestinal barrier function of IEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- PR China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- PR China
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