1
|
Robles-Gil MC, Toro-Román V, Maynar-Mariño M, Siquier-Coll J, Bartolomé I, Grijota FJ. Aluminum Concentrations in Male and Female Football Players during the Season. TOXICS 2023; 11:920. [PMID: 37999572 PMCID: PMC10674899 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant trace mineral elements in the earth's crust. Al is considered a potent neurotoxicant. Physical exercise could cause modifications in some trace mineral elements. On the other hand, there could be sex differences in the exposure and deposits of toxic mineral elements. The aim of the present study was to compare sex and seasonal differences in extracellular and intracellular Al concentrations in football players. The study involved 22 male and 24 female football players from the fifth and second national category, respectively. Three assessments were carried out during the season (beginning, middle and end). Al concentrations in plasma, urine, erythrocytes and platelets were determined. Male football players ingested more Al (p < 0.05). Higher plasma Al concentrations were reported in male football players (p < 0.01). On the other hand, in both groups, increases and decreases in Al in the plasma and urine were observed in the second and third assessment, respectively (p < 0.01). There were sex differences in platelet Al concentrations (p < 0.05). Plasma and platelet Al concentrations may be different between the sexes. Al concentrations may change over the course of a season in football players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María C. Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Department of Communication and Education, University of Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
- Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Grijota
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toro-Román V, Robles-Gil MC, Muñoz D, Bartolomé I, Grijota FJ, Maynar-Mariño M. Sex differences in cadmium and lead concentrations in different biological matrices in athletes. Relationship with iron status. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104107. [PMID: 36914057 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to analyse sex differences in cadmium and lead concentrations in plasma, urine, platelets and erythrocytes and to relate these concentrations to biomarkers of iron status. METHODS A total of 138 soccer players divided according to sex: men (n = 68) and women (n = 70) participated in the present study. All participants resided in the city of Cáceres (Spain). Erythrocyte, haemoglobin, platelet, plateletcrit, ferritin and serum iron values were determined. Cadmium and lead concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The women had lower haemoglobin, erythrocyte, ferritin and serum iron values (p < 0.01). Regarding cadmium, the women showed higher concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets (p < 0.05). As for lead, they also showed higher concentrations in plasma, relative values of erythrocytes and relative values of platelets (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between cadmium and lead concentrations with biomarkers of iron status. CONCLUSIONS Cadmium and lead concentrations are different between sexes. Biological differences between sexes and iron status could influence cadmium and lead concentrations. Lower serum iron concentrations and markers of Fe status increase Cd and Pb concentrations. Ferritin and serum iron have been directly related to increased Cd and Pb excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - María C Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco J Grijota
- Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Nebrija, Campus La Berzosa, Calle del Hostal, Hoyo de Manzanares, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mashkoor J, Al-Saeed FA, Guangbin Z, Alsayeqh AF, Gul ST, Hussain R, Ahmad L, Mustafa R, Farooq U, Khan A. Oxidative stress and toxicity produced by arsenic and chromium in broiler chicks and application of vitamin E and bentonite as ameliorating agents. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1128522. [PMID: 36968473 PMCID: PMC10032408 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the adverse effects of arsenic and chromium in broilers and ascertained the role of vitamin E and bentonite in alleviating their harmful effects. For this purpose, we experimented on 180 one-day-old broiler chickens. The feed was administered to broiler chicks of groups 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 chromium @ (270 mg.kg−1 BW). Groups 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were administered arsenic @ (50 mg.kg−1 BW). Groups 4, 7, and 9 received vitamin E (150 mg.kg−1 BW), and groups 5, 8, and 9 received bentonite (5%), respectively. Group 1 was kept in control. All the broiler chicks treated with chromium and arsenic showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in erythrocytic parameters on experimental days 21 and 42. Total proteins decreased significantly, while ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05). TAC and CAT decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while TOC and MDA concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) in chromium and arsenic-treated groups on experimental days 21 and 42. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between TAC and CAT (Pearson correlation value = 0.961; p < 0.001), similarly TOC and MDA positive correlation (Pearson correlation value = 0.920; p < 0.001). However, TAC and CAT showed a negative correlation between TOC and MDA. The intensity of gross and microscopic lesions was more in chromium (270 mg.kg−1) and arsenic (50 mg.kg−1) singly or in combination-treated groups. Thus, broiler chicks treated with chromium plus arsenic exhibited higher gross and microscopic lesion intensity than other treated groups. Fatty degeneration, severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration, and expansion of sinusoidal spaces were the main lesions observed in the liver. Kidneys showed renal epithelial cells necrosis, glomerular shrinkage, and severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration. Co-administration of bentonite along with chromium and arsenic resulted in partial amelioration (group 8) compared to groups 7 and 9, administered arsenic + chromium + vitamin E and arsenic + chromium + vitamin E + bentonite, respectively. It was concluded that arsenic and chromium cause damage not only to haemato-biochemical parameters but also lead to oxidation stress in broilers. Vitamin E and bentonite administration can ameliorate toxicity and oxidative stress produced by arsenic and chromium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Mashkoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatimah A. Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhang Guangbin
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
| | - Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Latif Ahmad
- Department of Pre-clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Mustafa
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Ahrar Khan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han F. RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPORTS SCIENTIFIC TRAINING AND ATHLETES’ MENTAL HEALTH. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Regarding sports mental fatigue research, foreign countries mainly discuss the theoretical model of mental exhaustion. Among them, Silva's theoretical model believes that sports mental fatigue is a negative training stress response. Domestic research mainly analyzes and discusses the concept, causes, and monitoring of mental fatigue. Objective: This study explores the relationship between sports fatigue and mental health of elite athletes through investigation and analysis; analyzes whether social support plays a moderating role in training stress and how aspect support plays an important role. Methods: Based on the stress theory and the negative training stress response model theory, the paper used the Mental Health Inventory (PHI), Athlete Exercise Fatigue Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale to analyze 163 outstanding athletes above the first level. Carry out investigation, use SPSS10.0 software to carry out reliability analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Results: The mental health level of elite athletes is closely related to the degree of sports fatigue, and the correlation coefficients between most factors have reached a significant level. The physical (emotional) exhaustion in sports fatigue is an important predictor of the mental health of elite athletes; age, sports grade, economic conditions, perceived family support, and mental health are important predictors of sports fatigue for elite athletes; social support is an important external “buffer” in the process of training stress, in which family support and emotional support play a major regulatory role. Conclusions: The research results can provide references for maintaining and promoting athletes’ physical and mental health, provide some useful references for mental health education of sports teams, and provide empirical data for sports psychology and health psychology. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuling Han
- Shandong University of Finance and Economics, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muñoz D, Grijota FJ, Bartolomé I, Siquier-Coll J, Toro-Román V, Maynar M. Serum and urinary concentrations of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and lead after an aerobic training period of six months in aerobic athletes and sedentary people. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:43. [PMID: 32807167 PMCID: PMC7433203 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effect of a period of 6 months of aerobic physical training on serum and urinary concentrations of arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), potentially toxic minerals. Methods Twenty-four well-trained, long distance runners (AG), were recruited at the start of their training period. They had been performing training regularly for the previous 2 years, recording an average volume of 120 km per week of rigorous aerobic exercise aimed at high-level competitions (1500 and 5000 m race modalities). Twenty-six untrained, sedentary participants constituted the control group (CG). All participants had been living in the same geographic area for at least 2 years before the start of the survey. Serum and urine samples were obtained from each participant at the beginning and at the end of the 6 months of the training program. The values of each mineral were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, the daily intake of each mineral was evaluated at both moments in time. Results The daily concentrations of trace elements in the diet were similar at the start and the end of the training period without differences between groups. In serum, significant differences between groups were observed in As, Cd and Pb (p < 0.05). Attending to time effects, a significant difference was obtained in Pb (p < 0.05). In urine, significant differences between groups were obtained in all minerals (p < 0.05). According to training period, significant differences were observed in As, Be and Pb (p < 0.05). Finally, the group x time interaction revealed significant differences in As and Be (p < 0.05). Conclusions Aerobic training may constitute a possibly effective method for increasing the elimination of Cd and Pb potentially toxic minerals from the body, especially among highly trained individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Muñoz
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Grijota
- Education Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|