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Hampel D, Islam MM, Shahab-Ferdows S, Allen LH. Human milk macro- and trace-elements: Simultaneous analysis in sub-milliliter amounts by ICP-MS and application to assessing acute supplementation effects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34709. [PMID: 39224275 PMCID: PMC11366895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate concentrations of human milk (HM) nutrients, including macro- and trace-elements, are essential for healthy growth and development of exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants. To monitor potential risk of deficiencies, and evaluate the effects of interventions like supplementation, accurate analysis is crucial. Even recent methods reporting on HM macro- and/or trace-elements describe multiple methodological approaches and the need for several milliliters. We optimized and validated a comprehensive method for simultaneous analysis of 13 macro- and trace-elements for simultaneous analysis by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. 100-600 μL HM were microwave digested with ≤1.5 mL HNO3 (70 %). The digest was diluted to 5 % final acid concentration. He-Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED; Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo) and O2-Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC; As, Mn, Se) modes minimized remaining interferences. Accuracy (NIST SRM 1869 infant formula; n = 15, 4 weeks) varied from 93.2 to 103 % (CV: 2.8-8.5 %) with trueness ranging from 93.9 to 104 %. Inter-day variation of a HM-pool (n = 20, 3 weeks) varied between 4.1 and 8.5 % for most elements; Cr, Mo, Mn (all<5 μg L-1) had higher variation, up to 25 %. Analyzing HM from 18 Bangladeshi mothers (2-4 months postpartum; day 1 = baseline, n = 17; day 2/3 = supplementation, n = 21 each) revealed higher concentrations for P, Ca, and Zn post-supplementation (p < 0.05, Friedman's Chi-Square Test). Na, Mg, Zn, and Se had the highest number of samples (>80 %) with concentrations below the Adequate Intake. Our method allows for simultaneous and reproducible analysis of macro- and trace-elements with concentrations ranging over 6 orders of magnitude, without the need for separate analytics and sample preparations, and requiring only sub-milliliter amounts of HM. Additional elements may be included after optimization and validation. The results from Bangladeshi HM samples indicate selective supplementation effects and concerningly low concentrations for some elements, which could adversely affect the EBF infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hampel
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA, ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M. Munirul Islam
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lindsay H. Allen
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA, ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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2
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Peirovi-Minaee R, Taghavi M, Harimi M, Zarei A. Trace elements in commercially available infant formulas in Iran: Determination and estimation of health risks. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114588. [PMID: 38467297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Infants are significantly more vulnerable to trace elements from their foods. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the concentrations of some trace elements namely; arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel and lead in infant formulas sold in Iran and to estimate the potential health risks to the infants through consumption of these products. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in infant formula samples were 0.006, 0.040, 0.3980, 2.014, 0.166 and 0.285 mg/kg, respectively. The mean levels of the trace elements were in the following order: Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd > As. For arsenic, cadmium and copper, calculated EWIs (estimated weekly intakes) were within the PTWIs (provisional tolerated weekly intakes) recommended by FAO/WHO. For chromium, nickel and lead, the calculated EWIs were higher than the PTWIs in 88.8 %, 75 %, and 61.1 % of the formulas. HQs of Pb, Cu, Cd and As were above the safe limits, indicating health concerns from the consumption of some infant formulas. Based on the CR classification, CR values of some elements including Cd, Cr and Ni were above 1 × 10-4 in some brands, indicating that exposure to these elements from infant formulas may cause health risks. Therefore, regular monitoring of all the raw materials, stages of production and storage of infant formulas is essential to limit the exposure of this vulnerable age group to toxic trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Peirovi-Minaee
- Department of Environment Health Engineering, School of Health, Social Determinates of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Taghavi
- Department of Environment Health Engineering, School of Health, Social Determinates of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Harimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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3
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Chen B, Jia Q, Chen Z, You Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Chen L, Ma D, Xing Y. Comparative evaluation of enriched formula milk powder with OPO and MFGM vs. breastfeeding and regular formula milk powder in full-term infants: a comprehensive study on gut microbiota, neurodevelopment, and growth. Food Funct 2024; 15:1417-1430. [PMID: 38224157 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the non-inferiority of feeding term healthy infants with enriched formula milk powder containing 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) and milk fat globular membrane (MFGM), compared to breast milk, in terms of the formation of gut microbiota, neurodevelopment and growth. Infants were divided into three groups: breast milk group (BMG, N = 50), fortified formula group (FFG, N = 17), and regular formula group (RFG, N = 12), based on the feeding pattern. Growth and development information was collected from the infants at one month, four months, and six months after the intervention. Fecal samples were collected from infants and analyzed for gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal DNA identification. The study found that at the three time points, the predominant bacterial phyla in FFG and BMG were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, which differed from RFG. The abundance of Bifidobacterium in the RFG was lower than the FFG (one month, p = 0.019) and BMG (four months, p = 0.007). The abundance of Methanoprebacteria and so on (genus level) are positively correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) of term infants, and have the potential to be biomarkers for predicting BMD. The abundance of beta-galactosidase, a protein that regulates lactose metabolism and sphingoid metabolism, was higher in FFG (six months, p = 0.0033) and BMG (one month, p = 0.0089; four months, p = 0.0005; six months, p = 0.0005) than in the RFG group, which may be related to the superior bone mineral density and neurodevelopment of infants in the FFG and BMG groups than in the RFG group. Our findings suggest that formula milk powder supplemented with OPO and MFGM is a viable alternative to breastfeeding, providing a practical alternative for infants who cannot be breastfed for various reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botian Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qiong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zekun Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanxia You
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanpin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China.
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China.
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China.
| | - Defu Ma
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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4
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Shawahna R, Jaber M, Maqboul I, Hijaz H, Alawneh A, Imwas H. Aluminum Concentrations in Breast Milk Samples Obtained from Breastfeeding Women from a Resource-Limited Country: A Study of the Predicting Factors. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1-8. [PMID: 37268844 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed aluminum concentrations in breast milk samples obtained from breastfeeding women in resource-limited countries, estimated daily intake of aluminum by breastfed infants, and identified predictors of higher breast milk aluminum concentrations. A descriptive analytical approach was used in this multicenter study. Breastfeeding women were recruited from different maternity health clinics in Palestine. Aluminum concentrations in 246 breast milk samples were determined using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. The mean breast milk aluminum concentration was 2.1 ± 1.5 mg/L. The mean estimated daily intake of aluminum by infants was 0.37 ± 0.26 mg/kg body weight/day. Multiple linear regression showed that breast milk aluminum concentrations were predicted by living in urban areas, closer to industrial areas, waste disposals, frequent use of deodorants, and less frequent use of vitamins. Breast milk aluminum levels among Palestinian breastfeeding women were comparable to those previously determined in occupationally unexposed women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
- Clinical Research Center, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Mohammad Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Iyad Maqboul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Hatim Hijaz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ala'a Alawneh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hanen Imwas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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5
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Martín-Carrasco I, Carbonero-Aguilar P, Dahiri B, Moreno IM, Hinojosa M. Comparison between pollutants found in breast milk and infant formula in the last decade: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162461. [PMID: 36868281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, breastfeeding has been the fundamental way of nurturing the newborn. The benefits of breast milk are widely known, as it is a source of essential nutrients and provides immunological protection, as well as developmental benefits, among others. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula is the most appropriate alternative. Its composition meets the nutritional requirements of the infant, and its quality is subject to strict control by the authorities. Nonetheless, the presence of different pollutants has been detected in both matrices. Thus, the aim of the present review is to make a comparison between the findings in both breast milk and infant formula in terms of contaminants in the last decade, in order to choose the most convenient option depending on the environmental conditions. For that, the emerging pollutants including metals, chemical compounds derived from heat treatment, pharmaceutical drugs, mycotoxins, pesticides, packaging materials, and other contaminants were described. While in breast milk the most concerning contaminants found were metals and pesticides, in infant formula pollutants such as metals, mycotoxins, and packaging materials were the most outstanding. In conclusion, the convenience of using a feeding diet based on breast milk or either infant formula depends on the maternal environmental circumstances. However, it is important to take into account the immunological benefits of the breast milk compared to the infant formula, and the possibility of using breast milk in combination with infant formula when the nutritional requirements are not fulfilled only with the intake of breast milk. Therefore, more attention should be paid in terms of analyzing these conditions in each case to be able to make a proper decision, as it will vary depending on the maternal and newborn environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martín-Carrasco
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - P Carbonero-Aguilar
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - B Dahiri
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - I M Moreno
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - M Hinojosa
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Sharafi K, Nakhaee S, Azadi NA, Mansouri B, Miri Kermanshahi S, Paknahad M, Habibi Y. Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6656. [PMID: 37095309 PMCID: PMC10126154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the human health risk of some toxic metals/metalloids [lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)] on infants via consumption of the breast milk of women living in urban areas of Kermanshah city, west of Iran. After collecting milk samples, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment as well as uncertainty analysis of toxic metal levels were carried out. The order of concentration of heavy metals/metalloids in the breast milk samples was Cr (41.07 ± 23.19) > Ni (19.25 ± 11.81) > Pb (11.5 ± 4.48) > As (1.96 ± 2.04) > Cd (.72 ± 0.42) > Hg (0.31 ± 0.26). The results revealed that the levels of Cr and Pb in the breast milk samples were exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake. In the breast milk samples a high levels of one of the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni were observed (over 73%) and in 40% of them the levels of Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Ni were all above WHO tolerable daily intake. Moreover, the As-related point assessment of target risk factor (THQ) was higher than the allowable limit only for 1-month-old male neonates and 2-month-old female neonates (THQ > 1). In addition, Cr-related THQ scores were higher at all age and gender groups (THQ > 1). In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential risk of some metals for infants via the consumption of mothers' breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nammam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Saba Miri Kermanshahi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maedeh Paknahad
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yazdan Habibi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Nakhaee S, Shadmani FK, Sharafi K, Kiani A, Azadi NA, Mansouri B, Karamimatin B, Farnia V. Evaluation of some toxic metals in breast milk samples with dietary and sociodemographic characteristics: a case study of Kermanshah, Western Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4502-4509. [PMID: 35969343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the concentration of some toxic metals (gold (Au), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), and vanadium (V)) and arsenic (As) in breast milk based on demographic characteristics and the diet of mothers. In this cross-sectional study, 100 lactating mothers from Kermanshah, Western Iran, were included. The mean age of the participants was 29.5 (ranging from 16 to 43 years) with a mean BMI of 26.9 (± 3.81) kg (range: 17.0-39.1). The results of the pairwise correlation coefficient of trace elements illustrated that correlation was mostly positive and weak to moderate. A few exceptions of strong correlations were Cr-Ni (r = 0.82), Au-As (r = 0.64), Cr-V (r = 0.64), and Ni-V (r = 0.58). Moreover, results indicated that BMI (p = 0.008), cooking oil (0.042), and potato intake (p = 0.010) affected the trace element levels significantly. The concentrations of V (p = 0.044), Sn (p = 0.036), Au (p < 0.001), and As (p < 0.001) in the breast milk of women was affected by the BMI. The results of univariate linear regression analysis showed that the concentration of Pb in the milk of mothers who use cosmetics was significant (p < 0.05). Since the lifestyle of lactating women, such as cosmetics usage can impact the content of some elements in breast milk, they should be educated in this part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nakhaee
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nammam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Behzad Karamimatin
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Mohammadpour A, Emadi Z, Keshtkar M, Mohammadi L, Motamed-Jahromi M, Samaei MR, Zarei AA, Berizi E, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fruits from Iranian market (Shiraz): A health risk assessment study. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Lin X, Wu X, Li X, Zhang D, Zheng Q, Xu J, Lu S. Infant exposure to trace elements in breast milk, infant formulas and complementary foods from southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156597. [PMID: 35690194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive intake of essential trace elements or exposure to potentially toxic elements above certain thresholds may cause adverse health effects in humans. To date, there is scarce evidence concerning Chinese infant exposure to trace elements and the associated risks. In this study, we collected 61 breast milk, 54 infant formula and 90 complementary food samples from southern China to investigate the levels of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). The concentrations of these elements in the breast milk samples ranged from under the limit of detection (<LOD)-0.65, <LOD-65.5, 107-1040, 6.17-27.9, 820-10,160, <LOD-2.96, <LOD-0.52, <LOD-230, and <LOD-19.1 μg/L, respectively. In infant formula samples, the concentrations of these elements ranged from 2.77 to 7.56, 27.5-205, 188-4321, 69.7-322, 40,793-84,405, 2.47-12.2, 0.15-3.57, <LOD-505 and 2.19-26.5 μg/kg, respectively, while the concentrations detected in complementary food samples ranged from <LOD-23.7, <LOD-224, <LOD-3705, <LOD-219, 15,335-100,905, <LOD-159, <LOD-66.6, <LOD-502 and <LOD-25.6 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the levels of Cr, Cu and Se in 14.8-55.6 % of the infant formula and complementary food samples were lower than the reference values set by Codex Alimentarius or Chinese National Standards, while the levels of Zn in commercial food samples exceeded the corresponding reference values in 9.3-27.8 % of cases; these results suggest a potential risk via the consumption of commercial infant foods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has comprehensively assessed whether exposure to trace elements via food intake poses potential health risks to Chinese infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Quanzhi Zheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Neshat A, Oghazyan A, Kariminejad F, Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y, Asadi AMS, Atamaleki A, Khaneghah AM. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in human milk: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Tahboub YR, Al-Ghzawi AAMA, Al-Zayafdneh SS, AlGhotani MS. Levels of trace elements and rare earth elements in honey from Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11469-11480. [PMID: 34536222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Honey is a common sweetener in the Jordanian diet with an annual consumption of approximately one thousand tons, two-thirds of which are imported. It is believed that the elemental profile of honey is an indicator of safety and botanical and geographic origin. In the literature, there are a lack of studies concerning the levels of major and trace elements in honey in Jordan. A total of 46 elements, including 15 rare earth elements (REEs), were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 18 monofloral and multifloral imported honey samples and 12 multifloral local samples. Regarding monofloral samples, Black Forest samples had the highest total metal content, while acacia samples had the lowest total metal content. Local multifloral honey had the largest Sr and total REE levels, while it had the lowest Mn levels. Very low levels of toxic elements were found in all samples, indicating the safety of honey in Jordan for human consumption. The results of this study showed that a large number of samples (> 100) and the application of advanced statistical models are required to discriminate between multifloral imported and local honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya R Tahboub
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Abd Al-Majeed A Al-Ghzawi
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Shaker S Al-Zayafdneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S AlGhotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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12
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Olowoyo JO, Macheka LR, Mametja PM. Health Risk Assessments of Selected Trace Elements and Factors Associated with Their Levels in Human Breast Milk from Pretoria, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9754. [PMID: 34574682 PMCID: PMC8464967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While breast milk is the recommended food for infants up to at least six months, exogenously derived compounds such as trace elements have been widely reported in human milk which may make it become toxic or a source of pollutants to the infants. Numerous short- and long-term health effects have been associated with high body-burdens of trace elements, which are amplified in infants. The current study determined the levels and possible contributing factors of six trace elements in breast milk of nursing mothers from a local hospital in Pretoria. Extraction of trace elements employed a digestion technique using perchloric and nitric acid in a ratio of 1:3, while Inductively Coupled Plasma-Membrane Spectrophotometry was used to identify and quantify their levels in breast milk. Concentrations of Cr and Mn were the highest in breast milk, with values ranging from 0.30 to 5.72 µg/L and 0.23 to 5.13 µg/L, respectively. Levels of Co, As, Pb and Cd ranged from
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O. Olowoyo
- Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O Box 139, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (L.R.M.); (P.M.M.)
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