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Tokalıoğlu Ş, Shahir S, Akgül ET, Şenkal BF. Dispersive Solid-phase Microextraction of Lead in Waters and Edible Lettuce and Dill Extracts in the Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM) Saliva Solution. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4314-4323. [PMID: 38117385 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A new thiosemicarbazide-modified, sulfonamide-based poly (styrene) adsorbent (T-CSPS) was prepared starting from the reaction of chlorosulfonated polystyrene and thiosemicarbazide. It was characterized by SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and zeta potential. The T-CSPS was used as an adsorbent for the first time for the dispersive solid-phase microextraction (d-SPµE) and preconcentration of Pb(II) ions from waters and dill and lettuce extracts in the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) saliva. Lead was then determined using the FAAS. In the first step of optimization, the solution pH was changed from 2 to 8, and pH 4 with a recovery value of 103% ± 5 was selected. Two milliliters of 2 mol L-1 HCl was chosen as eluent. Contact times were found to be only 2 min. Effects of coexisting ions and sample volume were tested. Under optimal conditions, the preconcentration factor (PF) and the adsorption capacity were 15 and 40 mg g-1. The RSD% was 2.2% and 3.1% for intra-day and inter-day precision, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 5.1 µg L-1 and 16.9 µg L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the d-SPµE was checked by TMDA-70.2 Lake water and BCR-482 Lichen-certified reference materials and also applying d-SPµE to spiked waters and lettuce and dill extracts in UBM saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Tokalıoğlu
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Shukria Shahir
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Tekneci Akgül
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahire Filiz Şenkal
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Senila M. Recent Advances in the Determination of Major and Trace Elements in Plants Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:3169. [PMID: 38999125 PMCID: PMC11243047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest in measuring major and trace elements in plants has increased in recent years because of growing concerns about the elements' contribution to daily intakes or the health risks posed by ingesting vegetables contaminated by potentially toxic elements. The recent advances in using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to measure major and trace elements in plant samples are reviewed in the present work. The sample preparation before instrumental determination and the main advantages and limitations of ICP-OES are described. New trends in element extraction in liquid solutions using fewer toxic solvents and microextractions are observed in recently published literature. Even though ICP-OES is a well-established and routine technique, recent innovations to increase its performance have been found. Validated methods are needed to ensure the obtaining of reliable results. Much research has focused on assessing principal figures of merit, such as limits of detection, quantification, selectivity, working ranges, precision in terms of repeatability and reproducibility, and accuracy through spiked samples or certified reference materials analysis. According to the published literature, the ICP-OES technique, 50 years after the release of the first commercially available equipment, remains a powerful and highly recommended tool for element determination on a wide range of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Choleva TG, Tziasiou C, Gouma V, Vlessidis AG, Giokas DL. In Vitro Assessment of the Physiologically Relevant Oral Bioaccessibility of Metallic Elements in Edible Herbs Using the Unified Bioaccessibility Protocol. Molecules 2023; 28:5396. [PMID: 37513269 PMCID: PMC10386267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the total content of seven metallic elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Pb, Ni, and Co) in common edible herbs was determined and related to their bioaccessibility by an in vitro human digestion model. Specifically, the unified bioaccessibility protocol developed by the BioAccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) was used to determine the release of each element during gastric and gastrointestinal digestion. The results show that Fe, Zn, and Mg are released during gastric digestion (34-57% Fe, 28-80% Zn, 79-95% Mg), but their overall bioaccessibility is reduced in the gastrointestinal tract (<30%). On the contrary, Cu is more bioaccessible during gastrointestinal digestion (38-60%). Pb, Ni, and Co exhibited similar bioaccessibility in both gastric and gastrointestinal fluids. Principle component analysis of the data shows that the classification of the nutritional value of herbs differs between the total and the gastrointestinal concentration, suggesting that the total concentration alone is not an adequate indicator for drawing secure conclusions concerning the nutritional benefits of edible plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G Choleva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Gouma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Souza TL, Souza LA, Barbosa IS, Santos DCMB, Araujo RGO, Korn MGA. Mineral and Trace Elements in Nutritious Flours: Total Contents, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Contribution to Dietary Intake. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03534-7. [PMID: 36562954 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of fruits, vegetables, and cereals in the form of flour has been an alternative for the intake of nutrients, currently seen in a society that seeks a healthier diet. Thus, the assessment of total contents and bioaccessibility is important to better understand the actual intake of nutrients or contaminants present in foods. The objective of this study was to determine the total content and estimate the bioaccessible fraction of Cu, Fe, and Zn in nutritious flours by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after microwave acid digestion. Bioaccessibility was assessed using the in vitro method, taking into account the entire gastrointestinal tract (Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM)). The following concentration ranges, in μg g-1, were found: Ca (341-6275), K (2984-13,953), P (476-6110), Na (< 0.39-2995), Fe (1.4-167), Cu (< 0.01-59.6), and Zn (< 0.07-30.3). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed a tendency towards the formation of three groups. The bioaccessible fractions for Cu, Fe, and Zn were considered low, ranging from 0.96 to 40% in the gastrointestinal phase and from 4.1 to 100% in the gastric phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís L Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Laís A Souza
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jorn Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Brasil
| | - Isa S Barbosa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Daniele Cristina M B Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny O Araujo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Maria Graças A Korn
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
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