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Sharif AF, Alshammari RY, Alghamdi FT, Almutairi SA, AlGhamdi AS, Al-Nazhan AS, AlNasser S, Al-Mulhim KA. Assessment of co-ingestion effects on poisoning patterns, drug-drug interactions, and adverse outcomes in acute toxic exposure. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101705. [PMID: 39224455 PMCID: PMC11367109 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple toxic exposures are increasing nowadays. In cases of acute poisoning involving multiple agents, there is a potential for additional toxicity that goes beyond the effects and toxicity of each drug. Very scarce studies have investigated the problem of multiple toxic exposures where the information on drug-drug interactions (DDIs) originates from clinical experience, which is inconclusive and cannot be generalized to patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the influence of co-ingestion on the clinical presentation of exposed patients and to identify the common associated DDIs and their effect on poisoning outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, and prolonged hospital stay. The current study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted using medical records of 169 adult patients admitted to a poison control center and diagnosed with acute drug poisoning. Of them, 40.8 % were exposed to multiple drugs. The total number of drugs reported in the current study was 320 preparations, with an average of 1.9 drugs per patient. There were about 726 potential DDIs; more than half of these interactions were significant (n = 486). Antidepressants and psychotropics showed the highest total number of DDIs. Patients with multiple ingestion were significantly older and this pattern of exposure was more frequent among suicidal attempters, substance abusers, cardiac patients, and patients diagnosed with neurological and psychological problems. Moreover, patients with multiple ingestions showed severe presentations indicated by higher grades of Poison Severity Score and lower Glasgow Coma Scale. Multiple ingestion was associated with higher liability for MV, ICU admission, and prolonged length of hospital stay (p < 0.001). There was a significant moderate direct correlation between the number of drugs consumed and the number of resulting DDIs (r = 0.542, p < 0.001). There was a significant direct correlation between the occurrence of significant chronic/chronic drug interactions from one side and the history of substance abuse (r = 0.596, p = 0.041) and psychological illness (r = 0.662, p = 0.019) from the other side. Moreover, significant acute/acute drug interactions were correlated with being male (r = 0.969, p < 0.001) of older age (r = 0.672, p = 0.024). Similarly, significant acute/chronic drug interactions were moderately correlated with being a male (r = 0.692, p = 0.013). The presence of epilepsy and psychological problems were the main significant predictors of multiple acute toxic exposures. Among the patients exposed acutely to more than one agent who were on long-term treatment, exposure to three drugs or more could significantly predict the need for MV with excellent area under the curve (AUC) of 0.896 and 77.0 % accuracy. Moreover, and it was a fair predictor of ICU admission (AUC = 0.625), with an 88.9 % ability to exclude patients unlikely to need ICU admission. Particular attention should be paid to the patients at risk of potential DDIs. When prescribing drugs, the minimum number of drugs with the lowest effective doses, and minimal potential DDIs should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Fady Sharif
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Dar AL-Uloom University, Al Falah, Riyadh 13314, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Bahr St., Tanta, Gharbia Governorate 31111, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shahd AlNasser
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Hittin, Riyadh 13513, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Al-Mulhim
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Sulimaniyah, Riyadh 12231, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Cao R, Zhang L, Zheng X. S-100β level is closely associated with myocardial work in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Int J Cardiol 2024; 400:131787. [PMID: 38242506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The more severe the acute stroke is, the more serious myocardial damage is. This study aimed to determine the relationship between myocardial work and S100β, a quantitative biomarker of active cerebral lesions, in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS A total of 63 patients with AIS were examined by myocardial work echocardiography, 4D echocardiography with the measurement of left ventricular (LV) myocardial work, volume and function within 24-48 h of symptom onset, respectively. Their plasma S100β was measured from a peripheral blood sample within 2-6 h of symptom onset. RESULTS Patients with elevated S-100β level had significantly increased ratios of peak early diastolic transmitral filling velocity to peak early diastolic lateral mitral annulus tissue velocity(E/e') and global longitudinal strain (GLS), and significantly reduced global work index(GWI) and global constructive work (GCW) compared with those with normal S-100β level (p < 0.05). S-100β positively correlated with E/e'(r = 0.878, p < 0.0001) and GLS (r = 0.511, p = 0.002) but negatively correlated with GWI(r = -0.409, p = 0.034) and GCW(r = -0.353, p = 0.041). S-100β showed an excellent ability to differentiate if a reduced GWI [cut-off value, 120.79 pg/mL; area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 1.000; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 100%], GCW (cut-off value, 120.79 pg/mL;AUC,1.000; sensitivity,100%; specificity, 100%) and an increased E/e' (cut-off value, 91.1 pg/mL;AUC,0.913; sensitivity,80%; specificity, 100%) or not, but poor ability to differentiate if an increased GLS(cut-off value, 91.1 pg/mL; AUC,0.576; sensitivity,63.64%; specificity, 83.33%) or not. CONCLUSION S-100β level is closely associated with LV function. It is highly competent in determining an impaired myocardial work in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Fuding Hospital Fujian Province/Fuding Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 120 South Gucheng Road, Fuding City 355200, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 298 Nanpu Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210031, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
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Huang W, Zhao S, Liu H, Pan M, Dong H. The Role of Protein Degradation in Estimation Postmortem Interval and Confirmation of Cause of Death in Forensic Pathology: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1659. [PMID: 38338938 PMCID: PMC10855206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that proteins are important bio-macromolecules in human organisms, and numerous proteins are widely used in the clinical practice, whereas their application in forensic science is currently limited. This limitation is mainly attributed to the postmortem degradation of targeted proteins, which can significantly impact final conclusions. In the last decade, numerous methods have been established to detect the protein from a forensic perspective, and some of the postmortem proteins have been applied in forensic practice. To better understand the emerging issues and challenges in postmortem proteins, we have reviewed the current application of protein technologies at postmortem in forensic practice. Meanwhile, we discuss the application of proteins in identifying the cause of death, and postmortem interval (PMI). Finally, we highlight the interpretability and limitations of postmortem protein challenges. We believe that utilizing the multi-omics method can enhance the comprehensiveness of applying proteins in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Shuquan Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Huine Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Meichen Pan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
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Sharif AF, Kasemy ZA, Alshabibi RA, Almufleh SJ, Abousamak FW, Alfrayan AA, Alshehri M, Alemies RA, Almuhsen AS, AlNasser SN, Al-Mulhim KA. Prognostic factors in acute poisoning with central nervous system xenobiotics: development of a nomogram predicting risk of intensive care unit admission. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 12:62-75. [PMID: 36866212 PMCID: PMC9972822 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute intoxication with central nervous system (CNS) xenobiotics is an increasing global problem. Predicting the prognosis of acute toxic exposure among patients can significantly alter the morbidity and mortality. The present study outlined the early risk predictors among patients diagnosed with acute exposure to CNS xenobiotics and endorsed bedside nomograms for identifying patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and those at risk of poor prognosis or death. Methods This study is a 6-year retrospective cohort study conducted among patients presented with acute exposure to CNS xenobiotics. Results A total of 143 patients' records were included, where (36.4%) were admitted to the ICU, and a significant proportion of which was due to exposure to alcohols, sedative hypnotics, psychotropic, and antidepressants (P = 0.021). ICU admission was associated with significantly lower blood pressure, pH, and HCO3 levels and higher random blood glucose (RBG), serum urea, and creatinine levels (P < 0.05). The study findings indicate that the decision of ICU admission could be determined using a nomogram combining the initial HCO3 level, blood pH, modified PSS, and GCS. HCO3 level < 17.1 mEq/L, pH < 7.2, moderate-to-severe PSS, and GCS < 11 significantly predicted ICU admission. Moreover, high PSS and low HCO3 levels significantly predicted poor prognosis and mortality. Hyperglycemia was another significant predictor of mortality. Combining initial GCS, RBG level, and HCO3 is substantially helpful in predicting the need for ICU admission in acute alcohol intoxication. Conclusion The proposed nomograms yielded significant straightforward and reliable prognostic outcomes predictors in acute exposure to CNS xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Sharif
- Corresponding author: Clinical Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Dar AlUloom University, Riyadh, Al-Falah, 13314, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeinab A Kasemy
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom, Egypt
| | | | - Salem J Almufleh
- College of Medicine, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Muath Alshehri
- College of Medicine, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan A Alemies
- College of Medicine, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim S Almuhsen
- College of Medicine, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd N AlNasser
- Poison Control Department, Emergency Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Mulhim
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 1125, Saudi Arabia
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