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Simão S, Agostinho RR, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. Regulation of Ras Signaling by S-Nitrosylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1562. [PMID: 37627556 PMCID: PMC10451275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras are a family of small GTPases that function as signal transduction mediators and are involved in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. The significance of Ras is further evidenced by the fact that Ras genes are among the most mutated oncogenes in different types of cancers. After translation, Ras proteins can be targets of post-translational modifications (PTM), which can alter the intracellular dynamics of the protein. In this review, we will focus on how S-nitrosylation of Ras affects the way these proteins interact with membranes, its cellular localization, and its activity. S-Nitrosylation occurs when a nitrosyl moiety of nitric oxide (NO) is covalently attached to a thiol group of a cysteine residue in a target protein. In Ras, the conserved Cys118 is the most surface-exposed Cys and the preferable residue for NO action, leading to the initiation of transduction events. Ras transduces the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and the RalGEF cellular pathways. S-Nitrosylation of elements of the RalGEF cascade remains to be identified. On the contrary, it is well established that several components of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as different proteins associated with these cascades, can be modified by S-nitrosylation. Overall, this review presents a better understanding of Ras S-nitrosylation, increasing the knowledge on the dynamics of these proteins in the presence of NO and the underlying implications in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Simão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Ribeiro Agostinho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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Goloshvili G, Barbakadze T, Mikeladze D. Sodium nitroprusside induces H‐Ras depalmitoylation and alters the cellular response to hypoxia in differentiated and undifferentiated PC12 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:545-552. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Goloshvili
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and MedicineIlia State University Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Tamar Barbakadze
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and MedicineIlia State University Tbilisi Georgia
- Department of BiochemistryI. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia
| | - David Mikeladze
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and MedicineIlia State University Tbilisi Georgia
- Department of BiochemistryI. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia
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3
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Messina S, De Simone G, Ascenzi P. Cysteine-based regulation of redox-sensitive Ras small GTPases. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101282. [PMID: 31386964 PMCID: PMC6695279 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) activate the redox-sensitive Ras small GTPases. The three canonical genes (HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS) are archetypes of the superfamily of small GTPases and are the most common oncogenes in human cancer. Oncogenic Ras is intimately linked to redox biology, mainly in the context of tumorigenesis. The Ras protein structure is highly conserved, especially in effector-binding regions. Ras small GTPases are redox-sensitive proteins thanks to the presence of the NKCD motif (Asn116-Lys 117-Cys118-Asp119). Notably, the ROS- and RNS-based oxidation of Cys118 affects protein stability, activity, and localization, and protein-protein interactions. Cys residues at positions 80, 181, 184, and 186 may also help modulate these actions. Moreover, oncogenic mutations of Gly12Cys and Gly13Cys may introduce additional oxidative centres and represent actionable drug targets. Here, the pathophysiological involvement of Cys-redox regulation of Ras proteins is reviewed in the context of cancer and heart and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Messina
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
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Robinson SW, Bourgognon JM, Spiers JG, Breda C, Campesan S, Butcher A, Mallucci GR, Dinsdale D, Morone N, Mistry R, Smith TM, Guerra-Martin M, Challiss RAJ, Giorgini F, Steinert JR. Nitric oxide-mediated posttranslational modifications control neurotransmitter release by modulating complexin farnesylation and enhancing its clamping ability. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003611. [PMID: 29630591 PMCID: PMC5890968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates neuronal function and thus is critical for tuning neuronal communication. Mechanisms by which NO modulates protein function and interaction include posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosylation. Importantly, cross signaling between S-nitrosylation and prenylation can have major regulatory potential. However, the exact protein targets and resulting changes in function remain elusive. Here, we interrogated the role of NO-dependent PTMs and farnesylation in synaptic transmission. We found that NO compromises synaptic function at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in a cGMP-independent manner. NO suppressed release and reduced the size of available vesicle pools, which was reversed by glutathione (GSH) and occluded by genetic up-regulation of GSH-generating and de-nitrosylating glutamate-cysteine-ligase and S-nitroso-glutathione reductase activities. Enhanced nitrergic activity led to S-nitrosylation of the fusion-clamp protein complexin (cpx) and altered its membrane association and interactions with active zone (AZ) and soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological suppression of farnesylation and a nitrosylation mimetic mutant of cpx induced identical physiological and localization phenotypes as caused by NO. Together, our data provide evidence for a novel physiological nitrergic molecular switch involving S-nitrosylation, which reversibly suppresses farnesylation and thereby enhances the net-clamping function of cpx. These data illustrate a new mechanistic signaling pathway by which regulation of farnesylation can fine-tune synaptic release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W. Robinson
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jereme G. Spiers
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Breda
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Campesan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Butcher
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Dinsdale
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Mistry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Smith
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - R. A. John Challiss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Joern R. Steinert
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Haghighi F, Nouri P, Rezaei Adariani S, Lissy J, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. Structural fingerprints, interactions, and signaling networks of RAS family proteins beyond RAS isoforms. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:130-156. [PMID: 29457927 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1431605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Parivash Nouri
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Soheila Rezaei Adariani
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Jana Lissy
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
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Barbakadze T, Goloshvili G, Narmania N, Zhuravliova E, Mikeladze D. Subcellular Distribution of S-Nitrosylated H-Ras in Differentiated and Undifferentiated PC12 Cells during Hypoxia. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:443-451. [PMID: 28836406 PMCID: PMC5570409 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hypoxia or exposure to excessive reactive oxygen or nitrogen species could
induce S-nitrosylation of various target proteins, including GTPases of the Ras-superfamily. Under hypoxic conditions, the Ras-protein is translocated to the cytosol and interacts
with the Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria. The mobility/translocation
of Ras depend on the cells oxidative status. However, the importance of relocated S-nitrosylated-H-Ras (NO-H-Ras) in proliferation/differentiation processes is not completely
understood. We have determined the content of soluble- and membrane-bound-NO-H-Ras in differentiated (D) and undifferentiated (ND) rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells
under hypoxic and normoxic conditions.
Materials and Methods In our experimental study, we analyzed NO-H-Ras levels under hypoxic/normoxic conditions in membrane and soluble fractions of ND and D PC12
cells with/without nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment. Cells were
analyzed by the S-nitrosylated kit, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot. We assessed
the action of NO-H-Ras on oxidative metabolism of isolated mitochondria by determining
mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation via the scopoletin oxidation method and ATP-production as estimated by the luminometric method. Results Hypoxia did not influence nitrosylation of soluble H-Ras in ND PC12 cells. Under hypoxic conditions, the nitrosylation of soluble-H-Ras greatly decreased in D PC12
cells. SNP didn’t change the levels of nitrosylation of soluble-H-Ras, in either hypoxic
or normoxic conditions. On the other hand, hypoxia, per se, did not affect the nitrosylation of membrane-bound-H-Ras in D and ND PC12 cells. SNP-dependent nitrosylation of
membrane-bound-H-Ras greatly increased in D PC12 cells. Both unmodified normal and
mutated H-Ras enhanced the mitochondrial synthesis of ATP, whereas the stimulatory effects on ATP synthesis were eliminated after S-nitrosylation of H-Ras. Conclusion According to the results, it may be proposed that hypoxia can decrease
S-nitrosylation of soluble-H-Ras in D PC12 cells and abolish the inhibitory effect of NO-H-Ras in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Barbakadze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Galina Goloshvili
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nana Narmania
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elene Zhuravliova
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Mikeladze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Lee M, Choy JC. Positive feedback regulation of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by Ras protein S-nitrosylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15677-86. [PMID: 23599434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.475319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) regulates many aspects of physiology and pathology. The expression of iNOS needs to be tightly regulated to balance the broad ranging properties of NO. We have investigated the feedback regulation of cytokine-induced iNOS expression by NO in human cells. The pharmacological inhibition of iNOS activity reduced iNOS protein levels in response to cytokine stimulation in a human epithelial cell line (A549 cells) as well as in primary human astrocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. The addition of exogenous NO using a NO donor prevented the reduction in iNOS levels caused by blockade of iNOS activity. Examination of signaling pathways affected by iNOS indicated that NO S-nitrosylated Ras. Transfection of cells with a S-nitrosylation-resistant Ras mutant reduced iNOS protein levels, indicating a role for this Ras modification in the amplification of iNOS levels. Further, the induction of iNOS protein levels correlated with the late activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, and inhibition of these signaling molecules reduced iNOS levels. Altogether, our findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory pathway that amplifies iNOS expression in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Lin JCY, Chou CC, Gao S, Wu SC, Khoo KH, Lin CH. An in Vivo Tagging Method Reveals that Ras Undergoes Sustained Activation upon Transglutaminase-Mediated Protein Serotonylation. Chembiochem 2013; 14:813-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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