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Morone N, Martin MG, Goggin P, Czymmek KJ, Mennella V, Gonzalez JL. A Novel Sandwich Method for Serial Block Face SEM Imaging of Airway Multiciliated Epithelium. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2725:121-129. [PMID: 37856021 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3507-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Volume electron microscopy technologies such as serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) allow the characterization of tissue organization and cellular content in three dimensions at nanoscale resolution. Here, we describe the procedure to process and image an air-liquid interface culture of human or mouse airway epithelial cells for visualization of the multiciliated epithelium by SBF-SEM in vertical or horizontal cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Morone
- Electron Microscopy and Ultrastructural Pathology Facility, Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Maria Guerra Martin
- Electron Microscopy and Ultrastructural Pathology Facility, Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia Goggin
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Laboratory and Pathology Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vito Mennella
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaime Llodra Gonzalez
- Electron Microscopy and Ultrastructural Pathology Facility, Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Hardy RE, Chung I, Yu Y, Loh SHY, Morone N, Soleilhavoup C, Travaglio M, Serreli R, Panman L, Cain K, Hirst J, Martins LM, MacFarlane M, Pryde KR. The antipsychotic medications aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine are off-target respiratory chain complex I inhibitors. Biol Direct 2023; 18:43. [PMID: 37528429 PMCID: PMC10391878 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and provide adjunct therapies for other prevalent psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. However, they also induce debilitating extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS), such as Parkinsonism, in a significant minority of patients. The majority of antipsychotic drugs function as dopamine receptor antagonists in the brain while the most recent 'third'-generation, such as aripiprazole, act as partial agonists. Despite showing good clinical efficacy, these newer agents are still associated with EPS in ~ 5 to 15% of patients. However, it is not fully understood how these movement disorders develop. Here, we combine clinically-relevant drug concentrations with mutliscale model systems to show that aripiprazole and its primary active metabolite induce mitochondrial toxicity inducing robust declines in cellular ATP and viability. Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine were shown to directly inhibit respiratory complex I through its ubiquinone-binding channel. Importantly, all three drugs induced mitochondrial toxicity in primary embryonic mouse neurons, with greater bioenergetic inhibition in ventral midbrain neurons than forebrain neurons. Finally, chronic feeding with aripiprazole resulted in structural damage to mitochondria in the brain and thoracic muscle of adult Drosophila melanogaster consistent with locomotor dysfunction. Taken together, we show that antipsychotic drugs acting as partial dopamine receptor agonists exhibit off-target mitochondrial liabilities targeting complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Hardy
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Injae Chung
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yizhou Yu
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Samantha H Y Loh
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Clement Soleilhavoup
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Marco Travaglio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Riccardo Serreli
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lia Panman
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kelvin Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Luis M Martins
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Kenneth R Pryde
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
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3
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Kusumi A, Tsunoyama TA, Tang B, Hirosawa KM, Morone N, Fujiwara TK, Suzuki KGN. Cholesterol- and actin-centered view of the plasma membrane: updating the Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model to commemorate its 50th anniversary †. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:pl1. [PMID: 37039596 PMCID: PMC10162409 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-12-0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two very polarized views exist for understanding the cellular plasma membrane (PM). For some, it is the simple fluid described by the original Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model. For others, due to the presence of thousands of molecular species that extensively interact with each other, the PM forms various clusters and domains that are constantly changing and therefore, no simple rules exist that can explain the structure and molecular dynamics of the PM. In this article, we propose that viewing the PM from its two predominant components, cholesterol and actin filaments, provides an excellent and transparent perspective of PM organization, dynamics, and mechanisms for its functions. We focus on the actin-induced membrane compartmentalization and lipid raft domains coexisting in the PM and how they interact with each other to perform PM functions. This view provides an important update of the fluid mosaic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taka A Tsunoyama
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Bo Tang
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Koichiro M Hirosawa
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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4
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Io S, Kabata M, Iemura Y, Semi K, Morone N, Minagawa A, Wang B, Okamoto I, Nakamura T, Kojima Y, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Kaswandy B, Kondoh E, Kaneko S, Woltjen K, Saitou M, Yamamoto T, Mandai M, Takashima Y. Capturing human trophoblast development with naive pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1023-1039.e13. [PMID: 33831365 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Trophoblasts are extraembryonic cells that are essential for maintaining pregnancy. Human trophoblasts arise from the morula as trophectoderm (TE), which, after implantation, differentiates into cytotrophoblasts (CTs), syncytiotrophoblasts (STs), and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), composing the placenta. Here we show that naïve, but not primed, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) recapitulate trophoblast development. Naive PSC-derived TE and CTs (nCTs) recreated human and monkey TE-to-CT transition. nCTs self-renewed as CT stem cells and had the characteristics of proliferating villous CTs and CTs in the cell column of the first trimester. Notably, although primed PSCs differentiated into trophoblast-like cells (BMP4, A83-01, and PD173074 [BAP]-treated primed PSCs [pBAPs]), pBAPs were distinct from nCTs and human placenta-derived CT stem cells, exhibiting properties consistent with the amnion. Our findings establish an authentic paradigm for human trophoblast development, demonstrating the invaluable properties of naive human PSCs. Our system provides a platform to study the molecular mechanisms underlying trophoblast development and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Io
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Mio Kabata
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Iemura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsunori Semi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Atsutaka Minagawa
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ikuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; The HAKUBI Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoji Kojima
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Belinda Kaswandy
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondoh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Medical Risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Projects (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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5
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Song Y, Dagil L, Fairall L, Robertson N, Wu M, Ragan TJ, Savva CG, Saleh A, Morone N, Kunze MBA, Jamieson AG, Cole PA, Hansen DF, Schwabe JWR. Mechanism of Crosstalk between the LSD1 Demethylase and HDAC1 Deacetylase in the CoREST Complex. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2699-2711.e8. [PMID: 32101746 PMCID: PMC7043024 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional corepressor complex CoREST is one of seven histone deacetylase complexes that regulate the genome through controlling chromatin acetylation. The CoREST complex is unique in containing both histone demethylase and deacetylase enzymes, LSD1 and HDAC1, held together by the RCOR1 scaffold protein. To date, it has been assumed that the enzymes function independently within the complex. Now, we report the assembly of the ternary complex. Using both structural and functional studies, we show that the activity of the two enzymes is closely coupled and that the complex can exist in at least two distinct states with different kinetics. Electron microscopy of the complex reveals a bi-lobed structure with LSD1 and HDAC1 enzymes at opposite ends of the complex. The structure of CoREST in complex with a nucleosome reveals a mode of chromatin engagement that contrasts with previous models. The activities of LSD1 and HDAC1 are closely coupled in the CoREST complex Both LSD1 and HDAC1 exist in two different kinetic states CoREST has a bi-lobed, flexible structure with the two enzymes located at opposite ends CoREST interacts with methylated nucleosomes via LSD1, but not HDAC1 or RCOR1
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Lisbeth Dagil
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Louise Fairall
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Naomi Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T J Ragan
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Christos G Savva
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Almutasem Saleh
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Micha B A Kunze
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew G Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - D Flemming Hansen
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - John W R Schwabe
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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6
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Morone N, Usukura E, Narita A, Usukura J. Improved unroofing protocols for cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and freeze-etching electron microscopy and the associated mechanisms. Microscopy (Oxf) 2020; 69:350-359. [PMID: 32447402 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unroofing, which is the mechanical shearing of a cell to expose the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane, is a unique preparation method that allows membrane cytoskeletons to be observed by cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, freeze-etching electron microscopy and other methods. Ultrasound and adhesion have been known to mechanically unroof cells. In this study, unroofing using these two means was denoted sonication unroofing and adhesion unroofing, respectively. We clarified the mechanisms by which cell membranes are removed in these unroofing procedures and established efficient protocols for each based on the mechanisms. In sonication unroofing, fine bubbles generated by sonication adhered electrostatically to apical cell surfaces and then removed the apical (dorsal) cell membrane with the assistance of buoyancy and water flow. The cytoplasmic surface of the ventral cell membrane remaining on the grids became observable by this method. In adhesion unroofing, grids charged positively by coating with Alcian blue were pressed onto the cells, thereby tightly adsorbing the dorsal cell membrane. Subsequently, a part of the cell membrane strongly adhered to the grids was peeled from the cells and transferred onto the grids when the grids were lifted. This method thus allowed the visualization of the cytoplasmic surface of the dorsal cell membrane. This paper describes robust, improved protocols for the two unroofing methods in detail. In addition, micro-unroofing (perforation) likely due to nanobubbles is introduced as a new method to make cells transparent to electron beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Morone
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Eiji Usukura
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akihiro Narita
- Structural Biology Research Centre, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku,Nagoya,464-8601, Japan
| | - Jiro Usukura
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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7
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Abstract
The p53 family transcriptional factor p73 plays a pivotal role in development. Ablation of p73 results in severe neurodevelopmental defects, chronic infections, inflammation and infertility. In addition to this, Trp73-\- mice display severe alteration in the ciliated epithelial lining and the full-length N-terminal isoform TAp73 has been implicated in the control of multiciliogenesis transcriptional program. With our recently generated Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mouse model, we interrogate the physiological role of p73 C-terminal isoforms in vivo. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice lack exon 13 in Trp73 gene, producing an ectopic switch from the C-terminal isoforms p73α to p73β. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice show a pattern of expression of TAp73 comparable to the wild-type littermates, indicating that the α to β switch does not significantly alter the expression of the gene in this cell type. Moreover, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 do not display any significant alteration in the airway ciliated epithelium, suggesting that in this context p73β can fully substitute the function of the longer isoform p73α. Similarly, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 ciliated epithelium of the brain ependyma also does appear defective. In this district however expression of TAp73 is not detectable, indicating that expression of the gene might be compensated by alternative mechanisms. Overall our work indicates that C-terminus p73 is dispensable for the multiciliogenesis program and suggests a possible tissue-specific effect of p73 alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Buckley
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua , Padua, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
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8
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Kim H, Nobeyama T, Honda S, Yasuda K, Morone N, Murakami T. Membrane fusogenic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2019; 1861:183008. [PMID: 31207206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion under mildly acidic pH occurs naturally during viral infection in cells and has been exploited in the field of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to circumvent endosomal entrapment of the cargo. Herein, we aimed to confer virus-like fusogenic activity to HDL in the form of a ca. 10-nm disc comprising a discoidal lipid bilayer and two copies of a lipid-binding protein at the edge. A series of HDL mutants were prepared with a mixture of three lipids and a cell-penetrating peptide (TAT, penetratin, or Arg8) fused to the protein. In a lipid-mixing assay with anionic liposomes at pH 5.5, one HDL mutant showed the fusogenic activity higher than known fusogenic liposomes. In live mammalian cells, this HDL mutant showed high plasma membrane-binding activity in the presence of serum independent of pH. In the absence of serum, a mildly acidic pH dependency for binding to the plasma membrane and the subsequent lipid mixing between them was observed for this mutant. We propose a novel strategy to develop HDL-based drug carriers by taking advantage of the HDL lipid/protein composite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjin Kim
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study (KUIAS), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nobeyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Honda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Tatsuya Murakami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study (KUIAS), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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9
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Robinson SW, Bourgognon JM, Spiers JG, Breda C, Campesan S, Butcher A, Mallucci GR, Dinsdale D, Morone N, Mistry R, Smith TM, Guerra-Martin M, Challiss RAJ, Giorgini F, Steinert JR. Nitric oxide-mediated posttranslational modifications control neurotransmitter release by modulating complexin farnesylation and enhancing its clamping ability. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003611. [PMID: 29630591 PMCID: PMC5890968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates neuronal function and thus is critical for tuning neuronal communication. Mechanisms by which NO modulates protein function and interaction include posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosylation. Importantly, cross signaling between S-nitrosylation and prenylation can have major regulatory potential. However, the exact protein targets and resulting changes in function remain elusive. Here, we interrogated the role of NO-dependent PTMs and farnesylation in synaptic transmission. We found that NO compromises synaptic function at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in a cGMP-independent manner. NO suppressed release and reduced the size of available vesicle pools, which was reversed by glutathione (GSH) and occluded by genetic up-regulation of GSH-generating and de-nitrosylating glutamate-cysteine-ligase and S-nitroso-glutathione reductase activities. Enhanced nitrergic activity led to S-nitrosylation of the fusion-clamp protein complexin (cpx) and altered its membrane association and interactions with active zone (AZ) and soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological suppression of farnesylation and a nitrosylation mimetic mutant of cpx induced identical physiological and localization phenotypes as caused by NO. Together, our data provide evidence for a novel physiological nitrergic molecular switch involving S-nitrosylation, which reversibly suppresses farnesylation and thereby enhances the net-clamping function of cpx. These data illustrate a new mechanistic signaling pathway by which regulation of farnesylation can fine-tune synaptic release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W. Robinson
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jereme G. Spiers
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Breda
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Campesan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Butcher
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Dinsdale
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Mistry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Smith
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - R. A. John Challiss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Joern R. Steinert
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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Li J, Minami I, Shiozaki M, Yu L, Yajima S, Miyagawa S, Shiba Y, Morone N, Fukushima S, Yoshioka M, Li S, Qiao J, Li X, Wang L, Kotera H, Nakatsuji N, Sawa Y, Chen Y, Liu L. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Tissue-like Constructs for Repairing the Infarcted Myocardium. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1546-1559. [PMID: 29107590 PMCID: PMC5829319 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-purity cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising for drug development and myocardial regeneration. However, most hiPSC-derived CMs morphologically and functionally resemble immature rather than adult CMs, which could hamper their application. Here, we obtained high-quality cardiac tissue-like constructs (CTLCs) by cultivating hiPSC-CMs on low-thickness aligned nanofibers made of biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer. We show that multilayered and elongated CMs could be organized at high density along aligned nanofibers in a simple one-step seeding process, resulting in upregulated cardiac biomarkers and enhanced cardiac functions. When used for drug assessment, CTLCs were much more robust than the 2D conventional control. We also demonstrated the potential of CTLCs for modeling engraftments in vitro and treating myocardial infarction in vivo. Thus, we established a handy framework for cardiac tissue engineering, which holds high potential for pharmaceutical and clinical applications. hiPSC-CMs are seeded on aligned nanofibers to obtain 3D cardiac tissue-like constructs Drug assessment using CTLCs can be more robust than conventional cultures CTLCs can be used to model in vitro cardiac tissue engraftment CTLCs improve the function of rat hearts with myocardial infarction
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Nanometorics Laboratory, Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishi-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motoko Shiozaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Leqian Yu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Nanometorics Laboratory, Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishi-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shin Yajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoko Yoshioka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sisi Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; PASTEUR, Département de chimie, école normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jing Qiao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Nanometorics Laboratory, Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishi-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Nanometorics Laboratory, Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishi-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; PASTEUR, Département de chimie, école normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Li Liu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Nanometorics Laboratory, Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishi-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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11
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Sone M, Morone N, Nakamura T, Tanaka A, Okita K, Woltjen K, Nakagawa M, Heuser JE, Yamada Y, Yamanaka S, Yamamoto T. Hybrid Cellular Metabolism Coordinated by Zic3 and Esrrb Synergistically Enhances Induction of Naive Pluripotency. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1103-1117.e6. [PMID: 28467928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Naive pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) utilize both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to satisfy their metabolic demands. However, it is unclear how somatic cells acquire this hybrid energy metabolism during reprogramming toward naive pluripotency. Here, we show that when transduced with Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 (OSK) into murine fibroblasts, Zic3 and Esrrb synergistically enhance the reprogramming efficiency by regulating cellular metabolic pathways. These two transcription factors (TFs) cooperatively activate glycolytic metabolism independently of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). In contrast, the regulatory modes of the TFs on OXPHOS are antagonistic: Zic3 represses OXPHOS, whereas Esrrb activates it. Therefore, when introduced with Zic3, Esrrb restores OXPHOS activity, which is essential for efficient reprogramming. In addition, Esrrb-mediated OXPHOS activation is critical for the conversion of primed PSCs into the naive state. Our study suggests that the combinatorial function of TFs achieves an appropriate balance of metabolic pathways to induce naive PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sone
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akito Tanaka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - John E Heuser
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED 1-7-1 Otemach, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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12
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Slutsky J, Greco C, McFarland C, Dodds N, Johnston K, Glick R, Schneider M, Janjic J, Kelly N, Morone N, Adams C, Lawrence S, Pilkonis P. (355) Measuring clarity, relevance, and usefulness of HEAL and PROMIS measures in pain treatment through interviews with patients and their healthcare providers. The Journal of Pain 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Morone N, Ueda T, Tsudo Y, Okumura Y, Rosilio V, Baszkin A, Sunamoto J. Surface Pressure Analysis of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Modified Fusogenic Liposomes Incorporated into a Phospholipid Monolayer. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911506073355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fusogenic liposomes have a wide-range of applications as DDS and gene/protein delivery into living cells. A variety of surface modifications of drug carriers, to enable fusion with cells, have been proposed, however, the mechanism of fusion has still not been determined. To further improve the efficiency of drug carriers, a simple and easily examinable model of a living cell surface is needed. In this study, the time-course of a fusion phenomena was made by measuring the surface pressure increase of a phospholipid monolayer spread at the air/water interface due to the fusion of liposomes carrying PEO-lipid (dialkyl-terminated polyethylene oxide) reconstituted on their outer surface. The kinetics of the surface pressure change appeared to be bimodal, indicating the coexistence of different fusion pathways. It was found that the presence of the PEO-lipid on the liposome surface led to a faster lipid transfer compared to non-modified DMPC liposomes. This indicated that the reconstitution of PEO-lipid provided an alternative transfer pathway to that for non-fusogenic liposomes that show only a slow lipid transfer to phospholipid monolayers. The relation between the rate of fusion and the surface pressure of the host membrane is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Morone
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ueda
- Department of Bioengineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kourimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan,
| | - Yasuhiro Tsudo
- Research and Development Division, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd, Rohm Plaza Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Okumura
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Veronique Rosilio
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Surfaces, Univ Paris-Sud UMR 8612 CNRS, 5 rue J. B. Clement, Chatenay-Malabry F-92296, France
| | - Adam Baszkin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Surfaces, Univ Paris-Sud UMR 8612 CNRS, 5 rue J. B. Clement, Chatenay-Malabry F-92296, France
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14
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Agostini M, Romeo F, Inoue S, Niklison-Chirou MV, Elia AJ, Dinsdale D, Morone N, Knight RA, Mak TW, Melino G. Metabolic reprogramming during neuronal differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1502-14. [PMID: 27058317 PMCID: PMC5072427 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly generated neurons pass through a series of well-defined developmental stages, which allow them to integrate into existing neuronal circuits. After exit from the cell cycle, postmitotic neurons undergo neuronal migration, axonal elongation, axon pruning, dendrite morphogenesis and synaptic maturation and plasticity. Lack of a global metabolic analysis during early cortical neuronal development led us to explore the role of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial biology during ex vivo differentiation of primary cortical neurons. Unexpectedly, we observed a huge increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Changes in mitochondrial mass, morphology and function were correlated with the upregulation of the master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, TFAM and PGC-1α. Concomitant with mitochondrial biogenesis, we observed an increase in glucose metabolism during neuronal differentiation, which was linked to an increase in glucose uptake and enhanced GLUT3 mRNA expression and platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKp) protein expression. In addition, glutamate-glutamine metabolism was also increased during the differentiation of cortical neurons. We identified PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling as a critical regulator role of energy metabolism in neurons. Selective pharmacological inhibition of these metabolic pathways indicate existence of metabolic checkpoint that need to be satisfied in order to allow neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - F Romeo
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - S Inoue
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - M V Niklison-Chirou
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - A J Elia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - D Dinsdale
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - N Morone
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - R A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - T W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - G Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy.,Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
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15
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Kim H, Okamoto H, Felber AE, Polomska A, Morone N, Heuser JE, Leroux JC, Murakami T. Polymer-coated pH-responsive high-density lipoproteins. J Control Release 2016; 228:132-140. [PMID: 26959846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular drug delivery by nanoparticles is often hampered by their endosomal entrapment followed by their degradation in the lysosomal compartment and/or exocytosis. Here, we show that internalization and endosomal escape of cargoes in a cationized natural nanocarrier, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), can be controlled in a pH-dependent manner through stable complexation with a membranolytic anionic block polymer. A genetically and chemically cationized form of HDL (catHDL) is prepared for the first time by both genetic fusion with YGRKKRRQRRR peptide and incorporation of 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane. Upon addition of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PA), catHDL yields inhibition of internalization at neutral pH and its subsequent recovery at mildly acidic pH. catHDL forms a stable discoidal-shape complex with PA (catHDL/PA) (ca. 50 nm in diameter), even in the presence of serum. Significant enhancement of endosomal escape of a catHDL component is observed after a 1-h treatment of human cancer cells with catHDL/PA. Doxorubicin and curcumin, fluorescent anti-cancer drugs, encapsulated into catHDL/PA are also translocated outside of endosomes, compared with that into catHDL, and their cytotoxicities are enhanced inside the cells. These data suggest that catHDL/PA may have a potential benefit to improve the cellular delivery and endosomal escape of therapeutics under mildly acidic conditions such as in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjin Kim
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Arnaud E Felber
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Polomska
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - John E Heuser
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tatsuya Murakami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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16
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Fujiwara TK, Iwasawa K, Kalay Z, Tsunoyama TA, Watanabe Y, Umemura YM, Murakoshi H, Suzuki KGN, Nemoto YL, Morone N, Kusumi A. Confined diffusion of transmembrane proteins and lipids induced by the same actin meshwork lining the plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1101-19. [PMID: 26864625 PMCID: PMC4814218 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraspeed single-molecule tracking with <25-μs resolution and electron tomography show that transmembrane proteins and phospholipids in the plasma membrane hop among submicrometer compartments of the same size, probably delimited by the anchored-transmembrane-protein pickets lining the actin-based membrane-skeleton fence, once every 1–58 ms. The mechanisms by which the diffusion rate in the plasma membrane (PM) is regulated remain unresolved, despite their importance in spatially regulating the reaction rates in the PM. Proposed models include entrapment in nanoscale noncontiguous domains found in PtK2 cells, slow diffusion due to crowding, and actin-induced compartmentalization. Here, by applying single-particle tracking at high time resolutions, mainly to the PtK2-cell PM, we found confined diffusion plus hop movements (termed “hop diffusion”) for both a nonraft phospholipid and a transmembrane protein, transferrin receptor, and equal compartment sizes for these two molecules in all five of the cell lines used here (actual sizes were cell dependent), even after treatment with actin-modulating drugs. The cross-section size and the cytoplasmic domain size both affected the hop frequency. Electron tomography identified the actin-based membrane skeleton (MSK) located within 8.8 nm from the PM cytoplasmic surface of PtK2 cells and demonstrated that the MSK mesh size was the same as the compartment size for PM molecular diffusion. The extracellular matrix and extracellular domains of membrane proteins were not involved in hop diffusion. These results support a model of anchored TM-protein pickets lining actin-based MSK as a major mechanism for regulating diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Center for Meso-Bio Single-Molecule Imaging, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kokoro Iwasawa
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ziya Kalay
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taka A Tsunoyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro M Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideji Murakoshi
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore 650056, India
| | - Yuri L Nemoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
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17
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Honda M, Minami I, Tooi N, Morone N, Nishioka H, Uemura K, Kinoshita A, Heuser JE, Nakatsuji N, Aiba K. The modeling of Alzheimer's disease by the overexpression of mutant Presenilin 1 in human embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:587-92. [PMID: 26687948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular disease models are useful tools for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are promising materials for creating cellular models of such diseases. In the present study, we established cellular models of AD in hESCs that overexpressed the mutant Presenilin 1 (PS1) gene with the use of a site-specific gene integration system. The overexpression of PS1 did not affect the undifferentiated status or the neural differentiation ability of the hESCs. We found increases in the ratios of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42)/Aβ40 and Aβ43/Aβ40. Furthermore, synaptic dysfunction was observed in a cellular model of AD that overexpressed mutant PS1. These results suggest that the AD phenotypes, in particular, the electrophysiological abnormality of the synapses in our AD models might be useful for AD research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Honda
- Stem Cell and Drug Discovery Institute, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norie Tooi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hisae Nishioka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kengo Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayae Kinoshita
- School of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - John E Heuser
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aiba
- Stem Cell and Drug Discovery Institute, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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18
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Kuwahara R, Yokoyama K, Aoyama K, Mitsuoka K, Morone N. C2-P-03Three dimensional structure of cytoskeleton in axon. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Nakatsuji H, Numata T, Morone N, Kaneko S, Mori Y, Imahori H, Murakami T. Thermosensitive Ion Channel Activation in Single Neuronal Cells by Using Surface-Engineered Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Nakatsuji H, Numata T, Morone N, Kaneko S, Mori Y, Imahori H, Murakami T. Thermosensitive Ion Channel Activation in Single Neuronal Cells by Using Surface‐Engineered Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11725-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nakatsuji
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510 (Japan)
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510 (Japan)
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell‐Material Sciences (WPI‐iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501 (Japan)
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501 (Japan)
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510 (Japan)
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Institute for Integrated Cell‐Material Sciences (WPI‐iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501 (Japan)
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510 (Japan)
| | - Tatsuya Murakami
- Institute for Integrated Cell‐Material Sciences (WPI‐iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501 (Japan)
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21
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Hirai K, Reboul J, Morone N, Heuser JE, Furukawa S, Kitagawa S. Diffusion-Coupled Molecular Assembly: Structuring of Coordination Polymers Across Multiple Length Scales. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14966-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507971r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hirai
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Julien Reboul
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - John E. Heuser
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Weng L, Enomoto A, Miyoshi H, Takahashi K, Asai N, Morone N, Jiang P, An J, Kato T, Kuroda K, Watanabe T, Asai M, Ishida-Takagishi M, Murakumo Y, Nakashima H, Kaibuchi K, Takahashi M. Regulation of cargo-selective endocytosis by dynamin 2 GTPase-activating protein girdin. EMBO J 2014; 33:2098-112. [PMID: 25061227 PMCID: PMC4195775 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), specificity and selectivity for cargoes are thought to be tightly regulated by cargo-specific adaptors for distinct cellular functions. Here, we show that the actin-binding protein girdin is a regulator of cargo-selective CME. Girdin interacts with dynamin 2, a GTPase that excises endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane, and functions as its GTPase-activating protein. Interestingly, girdin depletion leads to the defect in clathrin-coated pit formation in the center of cells. Also, we find that girdin differentially interacts with some cargoes, which competitively prevents girdin from interacting with dynamin 2 and confers the cargo selectivity for CME. Therefore, girdin regulates transferrin and E-cadherin endocytosis in the center of cells and their subsequent polarized intracellular localization, but has no effect on integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor endocytosis that occurs at the cell periphery. Our results reveal that girdin regulates selective CME via a mechanism involving dynamin 2, but not by operating as a cargo-specific adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Weng
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Ministry of Health, Dong Dan Beijing, China
| | - Jian An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Kaifu District Changsha, China
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Ishida-Takagishi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Murakami T, Nakatsuji H, Morone N, Heuser JE, Ishidate F, Hashida M, Imahori H. Mesoscopic metal nanoparticles doubly functionalized with natural and engineered lipidic dispersants for therapeutics. ACS Nano 2014; 8:7370-7376. [PMID: 24945782 DOI: 10.1021/nn5024818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering of mesoscopic metal nanoparticles to increase biocompatibility and cell interaction is important for improvement of their therapeutic properties. Here, we describe a strategy to stabilize mesoscopic metal nanoparticles and to enhance their cell interaction by stepwise addition of (Z)-9-octadecenoate (oleate) and a cell-penetrating peptide-fused high-density lipoprotein (cpHDL). Oleate replaces a cytotoxic dispersant on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs), which enables subsequent cpHDL binding without causing aggregation. Notably, these two lipidic dispersants are probably intercalated on the surface. This procedure was also used to stabilize 20 nm spherical gold nanoparticles and 40 nm aggregates of 10 nm magnetite nanoparticles. cpHDL-bound AuNRs were internalized greater than 80 times more efficiently than poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated AuNRs and were able to elicit cancer cell photoablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Murakami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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24
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Endo M, Yamamoto S, Emura T, Hidaka K, Morone N, Heuser JE, Sugiyama H. Helical DNA Origami Tubular Structures with Various Sizes and Arrangements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Endo M, Yamamoto S, Emura T, Hidaka K, Morone N, Heuser JE, Sugiyama H. Helical DNA origami tubular structures with various sizes and arrangements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7484-90. [PMID: 24888699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel method to design various helical tubular structures using the DNA origami method. The size-controlled tubular structures which have 192, 256, and 320 base pairs for one turn of the tube were designed and prepared. We observed the formation of the expected short tubes and unexpected long ones. Detailed analyses of the surface patterns of the tubes showed that the short tubes had mainly a left-handed helical structure. The long tubes mainly formed a right-handed helical structure and extended to the directions of the double helical axes as structural isomers of the short tubes. The folding pathways of the tubes were estimated by analyzing the proportions of short and long tubes obtained at different annealing conditions. Depending on the number of base pairs involved in one turn of the tube, the population of left-/right-handed and short/long tubes changed. The bending stress caused by the stiffness of the bundled double helices and the non-natural helical pitch determine the structural variety of the tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Endo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 (Japan).
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26
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Nishimura H, Ritchie K, Kasai RS, Goto M, Morone N, Sugimura H, Tanaka K, Sase I, Yoshimura A, Nakano Y, Fujiwara TK, Kusumi A. Biocompatible fluorescent silicon nanocrystals for single-molecule tracking and fluorescence imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:967-83. [PMID: 24043702 PMCID: PMC3776351 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201301053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is used extensively in cell-biological and biomedical research, but it is often plagued by three major problems with the presently available fluorescent probes: photobleaching, blinking, and large size. We have addressed these problems, with special attention to single-molecule imaging, by developing biocompatible, red-emitting silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) with a 4.1-nm hydrodynamic diameter. Methods for producing SiNCs by simple chemical etching, for hydrophilically coating them, and for conjugating them to biomolecules precisely at a 1:1 ratio have been developed. Single SiNCs neither blinked nor photobleached during a 300-min overall period observed at video rate. Single receptor molecules in the plasma membrane of living cells (using transferrin receptor) were imaged for ≥10 times longer than with other probes, making it possible for the first time to observe the internalization process of receptor molecules at the single-molecule level. Spatial variations of molecular diffusivity in the scale of 1-2 µm, i.e., a higher level of domain mosaicism in the plasma membrane, were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Nishimura
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, 2 Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, and 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Mathew S, Murakami T, Nakatsuji H, Okamoto H, Morone N, Heuser JE, Hashida M, Imahori H. Exclusive photothermal heat generation by a gadolinium bis(naphthalocyanine) complex and inclusion into modified high-density lipoprotein nanocarriers for therapeutic applications. ACS Nano 2013; 7:8908-8916. [PMID: 24053139 DOI: 10.1021/nn403384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophobic gadolinium bis(naphthalocyanine) sandwich complex (GdSand) possessing several absorbances across visible and infrared wavelengths (up to 2500 nm) was solubilized in aqueous solution by uptake into a nascent mutant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanocarrier. The HDL nanocarrier was additionally functionalized with a trans-activator of transcription peptide sequence to promote efficient cell penetration of the drug delivery system (cpHDL). The dye-loaded nanocarrier (GdSand@cpHDL) exhibited photothermal heat generation properties upon irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) laser light, with controllable heat generation abilities as a function of the incident laser light power. Comparison of the photothermal behavior of the dyes GdSand and the well-explored molecular photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG) in the cpHDL nanocarrier (i.e., ICG@cpHDL) revealed two significant advantages of GdSand@cpHDL: (1) the ability to maintain elevated temperatures upon light absorption for extended periods of time, with a reduced degree of self-destruction of the dye, and (2) exclusive photothermal heat generation with no detectable singlet oxygen production leading to improved integrity of the cpHDL nanocarrier after irradiation. Finally, GdSand@cpHDL was successfully subjected to an in vitro study against NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells, demonstrating the proof-of-principle utility of lanthanide sandwich complexes in photothermal therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathew
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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28
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Nishimura H, Ritchie K, Kasai RS, Goto M, Morone N, Sugimura H, Tanaka K, Sase I, Yoshimura A, Nakano Y, Fujiwara TK, Kusumi A. Biocompatible fluorescent silicon nanocrystals for single-molecule tracking and fluorescence imaging. J Gen Physiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1085/jgp.1424oia31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
AIMS Development of a human cell-derived reentrant arrhythmia model is needed for studying the mechanisms of disease and accurate drug response. METHODS AND RESULTS We differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into cardiomyocytes, and then re-plated them into cell sheets that proved capable of forming electrically coupled assemblies. We monitored the function of these re-plated sheets optically with the Ca(2+) sensitive dye Fluo-4, and found that they generated characteristic waves of activity whose velocity and patterns of propagation depended upon the concentration of sodium channel blockers; lidocaine and tetrodotoxin, and also the time after re-plating, as well as the applied stimulation frequency. Importantly, reentrant spiral-wave propagation could be generated in these sheets by applying high-frequency stimulation, particularly when cell-density in the sheets was relatively low. This was because cardiac troponin T-positive cells were more non-homogeneously distributed at low cell densities. Especially in such sheets, we could terminate spiral waves by administering the anti-arrhythmic drugs; nifekalant, E-4031, sotalol, and quinidine. We also found that in these sheets, nifekalant showed a clear dose-dependent increase in the size of the unexcitable 'cores' of these induced spiral waves, an important parallel with the treatment for ventricular tachycardia in the clinical situation, which was not shown properly in cardiac-cell sheets derived from dissociated rodent hearts. CONCLUSIONS We have succeeded in creating from hPSCs a valuable type of cardiomyocyte sheet that is capable of generating reentrant arrhythmias, and thus is demonstrably useful for screening and testing all sorts of drugs with anti-arrhythmic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kadota
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Building, Yoshida Honmachi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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30
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Enoki S, Iino R, Morone N, Kaihatsu K, Sakakihara S, Kato N, Noji H. Label-free single-particle imaging of the influenza virus by objective-type total internal reflection dark-field microscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49208. [PMID: 23166613 PMCID: PMC3499535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report label-free optical imaging of single particles of the influenza virus attached on a glass surface with a simple objective-type total internal reflection dark-field microscopy (TIRDFM). The capability of TIRDFM for the imaging of single viral particles was confirmed from fine correlation of the TIRDFM images with fluorescent immunostaining image and scanning electron microscopy image. The density of scattering spots in the TIRDFM images showed a good linearity against the virus concentration, giving the limit of detection as 1.2×10(4) plaque-forming units per milliliter. Our label-free optical imaging method does require neither elaborated sample preparation nor complex optical systems, offering a good platform for rapid and sensitive counting of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Enoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kaihatsu
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Sakakihara
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Minami I, Yamada K, Otsuji TG, Yamamoto T, Shen Y, Otsuka S, Kadota S, Morone N, Barve M, Asai Y, Tenkova-Heuser T, Heuser JE, Uesugi M, Aiba K, Nakatsuji N. A small molecule that promotes cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells under defined, cytokine- and xeno-free conditions. Cell Rep 2012; 2:1448-60. [PMID: 23103164 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are potentially useful in regenerative therapies for heart disease. For medical applications, clinical-grade cardiac cells must be produced from hPSCs in a defined, cost-effective manner. Cell-based screening led to the discovery of KY02111, a small molecule that promotes differentiation of hPSCs to cardiomyocytes. Although the direct target of KY02111 remains unknown, results of the present study suggest that KY02111 promotes differentiation by inhibiting WNT signaling in hPSCs but in a manner that is distinct from that of previously studied WNT inhibitors. Combined use of KY02111 and WNT signaling modulators produced robust cardiac differentiation of hPSCs in a xeno-free, defined medium, devoid of serum and any kind of recombinant cytokines and hormones, such as BMP4, Activin A, or insulin. The methodology has potential as a means for the practical production of human cardiomyocytes for regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Numata T, Murakami T, Kawashima F, Morone N, Heuser JE, Takano Y, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Mori Y, Imahori H. Utilization of Photoinduced Charge-Separated State of Donor–Acceptor-Linked Molecules for Regulation of Cell Membrane Potential and Ion Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6092-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3007275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Numata
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Murakami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - John E. Heuser
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Takano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life
Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, and ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka
565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life
Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, and ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka
565-0871, Japan
- Department
of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Kusumi A, Fujiwara TK, Morone N, Yoshida KJ, Chadda R, Xie M, Kasai RS, Suzuki KGN. Membrane mechanisms for signal transduction: the coupling of the meso-scale raft domains to membrane-skeleton-induced compartments and dynamic protein complexes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:126-44. [PMID: 22309841 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all biological membranes on earth share the basic structure of a two-dimensional liquid. Such universality and peculiarity are comparable to those of the double helical structure of DNA, strongly suggesting the possibility that the fundamental mechanisms for the various functions of the plasma membrane could essentially be understood by a set of simple organizing principles, developed during the course of evolution. As an initial effort toward the development of such understanding, in this review, we present the concept of the cooperative action of the hierarchical three-tiered meso-scale (2-300 nm) domains in the plasma membrane: (1) actin membrane-skeleton-induced compartments (40-300 nm), (2) raft domains (2-20 nm), and (3) dynamic protein complex domains (3-10nm). Special attention is paid to the concept of meso-scale domains, where both thermal fluctuations and weak cooperativity play critical roles, and the coupling of the raft domains to the membrane-skeleton-induced compartments as well as dynamic protein complexes. The three-tiered meso-domain architecture of the plasma membrane provides an excellent perspective for understanding the membrane mechanisms of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kusumi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Hagiwara A, Tanaka Y, Hikawa R, Morone N, Kusumi A, Kimura H, Kinoshita M. Submembranous septins as relatively stable components of actin-based membrane skeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 68:512-25. [PMID: 21800439 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cell cortex is organized by the dynamic interplay between the plasma membrane, membrane proteins, and the cytoskeleton. Despite the cortical localization of septin heteropolymers in vivo and their direct interaction with phospholipid membranes in vitro, their behavior and roles remain elusive. This study characterizes the major cortical septin assembly found in mammalian tissue culture cells by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis. GFP-tagged septin subunits, which colocalized with cortical actin, exhibited slower turnover than some other cortical proteins that were analyzed (e.g., actin, syntaxin-1A and a glutamate aspartate transporter [GLAST]). Perturbation of actin turnover by cytochalasin D or jasplakinolide retarded the cortical septin turnover, while septin depletion by RNAi did not recognizably affect cortical actin turnover. These phenomena are compatibly interpreted by septins' selective association with a subset of actin-based membrane skeleton, as revealed by rapid-freeze deep-etch immuno-replica electron microscopy. We applied the assay system to test septins' presumptive scaffold function on their physiological binding partners. Septin filament destabilization by RNAi-mediated subunit depletion facilitated the turnover of GLAST, depending on the carboxyl-terminal 29 residues, while a septin filament-stabilizing drug forchlorfenuron restrained more GLAST in the unexchangeable fraction. These data indicate that cortical septin heteropolymers are components of the actin-based membrane skeleton providing scaffolds for their interacting partners probably by impeding their lateral diffusion. We predict that diverse submembranous septin clusters found in vivo may serve as scaffolds or reserve pools for specific membrane-bound proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Hagiwara
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Unit, HMRO, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Sinha B, Köster D, Ruez R, Gonnord P, Bastiani M, Abankwa D, Stan RV, Butler-Browne G, Vedie B, Johannes L, Morone N, Parton RG, Raposo G, Sens P, Lamaze C, Nassoy P. Cells respond to mechanical stress by rapid disassembly of caveolae. Cell 2011; 144:402-13. [PMID: 21295700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The functions of caveolae, the characteristic plasma membrane invaginations, remain debated. Their abundance in cells experiencing mechanical stress led us to investigate their role in membrane-mediated mechanical response. Acute mechanical stress induced by osmotic swelling or by uniaxial stretching results in a rapid disappearance of caveolae, in a reduced caveolin/Cavin1 interaction, and in an increase of free caveolins at the plasma membrane. Tether-pulling force measurements in cells and in plasma membrane spheres demonstrate that caveola flattening and disassembly is the primary actin- and ATP-independent cell response that buffers membrane tension surges during mechanical stress. Conversely, stress release leads to complete caveola reassembly in an actin- and ATP-dependent process. The absence of a functional caveola reservoir in myotubes from muscular dystrophic patients enhanced membrane fragility under mechanical stress. Our findings support a new role for caveolae as a physiological membrane reservoir that quickly accommodates sudden and acute mechanical stresses.
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Abstract
To visualize the basal or apical cytoplasmic surface just beneath the plasma membrane, we developed two different methods ("unroof" and "rip-off"). The immunoreplica technique for "unroof" and "rip-off" sample preparation that will be presented in this chapter can determine the distributions of actin, actin-binding proteins, transmembrane proteins, and membrane lipids at the interface of the plasma membrane. We have currently developed freeze-etch electron tomography, which could visualize the 3D molecular architecture of membrane-associated structures (membrane skeleton, clathrin-coated pits, and caveolae) on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane with 0.85-nm-thick consecutive sections made approximately 100 nm from the cytoplasmic surface using rapidly frozen, deeply etched, platinum-replicated plasma membranes. The membrane skeletons that are closely apposed to the plasma membrane interface are suggested to form the boundaries of the membrane compartments responsible for the temporary confinement of membrane molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Morone
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Nishikawa T, Iwakiri N, Kaneko Y, Taguchi A, Fukushima K, Mori H, Morone N, Kadokawa JI. Nitric Oxide Release in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells Mediated by Delivery of Amphiphilic Polysiloxane Nanoparticles to Caveolae. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2074-85. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900128x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Nishikawa
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Norio Iwakiri
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kaneko
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fukushima
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hidezo Mori
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Kobayashi T, Morone N, Kashiyama T, Oyamada H, Kurebayashi N, Murayama T. Engineering a novel multifunctional green fluorescent protein tag for a wide variety of protein research. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3822. [PMID: 19048102 PMCID: PMC2585475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically encoded tag is a powerful tool for protein research. Various kinds of tags have been developed: fluorescent proteins for live-cell imaging, affinity tags for protein isolation, and epitope tags for immunological detections. One of the major problems concerning the protein tagging is that many constructs with different tags have to be made for different applications, which is time- and resource-consuming. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we report a novel multifunctional green fluorescent protein (mfGFP) tag which was engineered by inserting multiple peptide tags, i.e., octa-histidine (8xHis), streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP), and c-Myc tag, in tandem into a loop of GFP. When fused to various proteins, mfGFP monitored their localization in living cells. Streptavidin agarose column chromatography with the SBP tag successfully isolated the protein complexes in a native form with a high purity. Tandem affinity purification (TAP) with 8xHis and SBP tags in mfGFP further purified the protein complexes. mfGFP was clearly detected by c-Myc-specific antibody both in immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy (EM). These findings indicate that mfGFP works well as a multifunctional tag in mammalian cells. The tag insertion was also successful in other fluorescent protein, mCherry. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The multifunctional fluorescent protein tag is a useful tool for a wide variety of protein research, and may have the advantage over other multiple tag systems in its higher expandability and compatibility with existing and future tag technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Kashiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Oyamada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Morone N, Nakada C, Umemura Y, Usukura J, Kusumi A. Three-dimensional molecular architecture of the plasma-membrane-associated cytoskeleton as reconstructed by freeze-etch electron tomography. Methods Cell Biol 2008; 88:207-36. [PMID: 18617036 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Morone
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan
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Yao I, Takagi H, Ageta H, Kahyo T, Sato S, Hatanaka K, Fukuda Y, Chiba T, Morone N, Yuasa S, Inokuchi K, Ohtsuka T, MacGregor GR, Tanaka K, Setou M. SCRAPPER-dependent ubiquitination of active zone protein RIM1 regulates synaptic vesicle release. Cell 2007; 130:943-57. [PMID: 17803915 PMCID: PMC3049808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how synaptic activity is modulated in the central nervous system. We have identified SCRAPPER, a synapse-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase, which regulates neural transmission. SCRAPPER directly binds and ubiquitinates RIM1, a modulator of presynaptic plasticity. In neurons from Scrapper-knockout (SCR-KO) mice, RIM1 had a longer half-life with significant reduction in ubiquitination, indicating that SCRAPPER is the predominant ubiquitin ligase that mediates RIM1 degradation. As anticipated in a RIM1 degradation defect mutant, SCR-KO mice displayed altered electrophysiological synaptic activity, i.e., increased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. This phenotype of SCR-KO mice was phenocopied by RIM1 overexpression and could be rescued by re-expression of SCRAPPER or knockdown of RIM1. The acute effects of proteasome inhibitors, such as upregulation of RIM1 and the release probability, were blocked by the impairment of SCRAPPER. Thus, SCRAPPER has an essential function in regulating proteasome-mediated degradation of RIM1 required for synaptic tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Yao
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ageta
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Showbu Sato
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Hatanaka
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukuda
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Laboratory of Frontier Science, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahiigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yuasa
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahiigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Grant R. MacGregor
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3940, USA
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Frontier Science, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Yao I, Takagi H, Ageta H, Kahyo T, Sato S, Hatanaka K, Fukuda Y, Chiba T, Morone N, Yuasa S, Inokuchi K, Ohtsuka T, MacGregor GR, Tanaka K, Setou M. SCRAPPER-Dependent Ubiquitination of Active Zone Protein RIM1 Regulates Synaptic Vesicle Release. Cell 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kawahara G, Okada M, Morone N, Ibarra CA, Nonaka I, Noguchi S, Hayashi YK, Nishino I. Reduced cell anchorage may cause sarcolemma-specific collagen VI deficiency in Ullrich disease. Neurology 2007; 69:1043-9. [PMID: 17785674 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000271386.89878.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COL6 gene mutations are associated with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), which is clinically characterized by muscle weakness from early infancy, hyperlaxity of distal joints, and multiple proximal joint contractures. We previously reported that the majority of patients with UCMD have sarcolemma-specific collagen VI deficiency (SSCD). More recently, we found heterozygous COL6A1 glycine substitutions in patients with UCMD with SSCD. OBJECTIVE To elucidate how COL6A1 glycine mutation leads to SSCD. METHODS We evaluated the synthesis, formation, and binding of collagen VI to the extracellular matrix in fibroblasts with p.G284R mutation in COL6A1. RESULTS Collagen VI was normally secreted into the cultured medium in fibroblasts harboring p.G284R mutation. When the medium with normal collagen VI was added to collagen VI-deficient fibroblast culture, collagen VI bound surrounding the cells, while collagen VI with p.G284R mutation did not. Cell adhesion of fibroblasts with p.G284R mutation was markedly reduced similarly to that of collagen VI-deficient cells. Interestingly, this reduction in adhesion of the cells with p.G284R mutation was recovered by the addition of the medium with normal collagen VI, which would suggest a therapeutic strategy for a replacement therapy. CONCLUSION Heterozygous glycine substitution in COL6A1 may cause decreased binding of collagen VI microfibrils to the extracellular matrix resulting in sarcolemma-specific collagen VI deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kawahara
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Moritake S, Taira S, Ichiyanagi Y, Morone N, Song SY, Hatanaka T, Yuasa S, Setou M. Functionalized nano-magnetic particles for an in vivo delivery system. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2007; 7:937-44. [PMID: 17450856 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies to allow the nondisruptive introduction of carriers in vivo have wide potential for therapeutic delivery system. We have prepared functional nano-magnetic particles (d = 3 nm) by silanization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. For the purpose of functionalizing the surface of the nanoparticles with amino groups for subsequent cross-linking with pharmaceuticals and biomolecules. The extremely small particles were successfully introduced into living cells without any further modification to enhance endocytic internalization, such as the use of a cationic help. The cells containing the internalized particles continued to thrive, indicating that the particles have no inhibition effect for mitosis. In addition, the particles could be incorporated into the subcutaneous tissue of mouse's ear from ear skin and were able to be localized upon application of an external magnetic field. The functionalized nano-magnetic particles are expected to be useful as a new delivery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Moritake
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida City, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
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Ikegami K, Heier RL, Taruishi M, Takagi H, Mukai M, Shimma S, Taira S, Hatanaka K, Morone N, Yao I, Campbell PK, Yuasa S, Janke C, MacGregor GR, Setou M. Loss of alpha-tubulin polyglutamylation in ROSA22 mice is associated with abnormal targeting of KIF1A and modulated synaptic function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3213-8. [PMID: 17360631 PMCID: PMC1802010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611547104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules function as molecular tracks along which motor proteins transport a variety of cargo to discrete destinations within the cell. The carboxyl termini of alpha- and beta-tubulin can undergo different posttranslational modifications, including polyglutamylation, which is particularly abundant within the mammalian nervous system. Thus, this modification could serve as a molecular "traffic sign" for motor proteins in neuronal cells. To investigate whether polyglutamylated alpha-tubulin could perform this function, we analyzed ROSA22 mice that lack functional PGs1, a subunit of alpha-tubulin-selective polyglutamylase. In wild-type mice, polyglutamylated alpha-tubulin is abundant in both axonal and dendritic neurites. ROSA22 mutants display a striking loss of polyglutamylated alpha-tubulin within neurons, including their neurites, which is associated with decreased binding affinity of certain structural microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins, including kinesins, to microtubules purified from ROSA22-mutant brain. Of the kinesins examined, KIF1A, a subfamily of kinesin-3, was less abundant in neurites from ROSA22 mutants in vitro and in vivo, whereas the distribution of KIF3A (kinesin-2) and KIF5 (kinesin-1) appeared unaltered. The density of synaptic vesicles, a cargo of KIF1A, was decreased in synaptic terminals in the CA1 region of hippocampus in ROSA22 mutants. Consistent with this finding, ROSA22 mutants displayed more rapid depletion of synaptic vesicles than wild-type littermates after high-frequency stimulation. These data provide evidence for a role of polyglutamylation of alpha-tubulin in vivo, as a molecular traffic sign for targeting of KIF1 kinesin required for continuous synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ikegami
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Robb L. Heier
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Center, and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3940
| | - Midori Taruishi
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi City, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mukai
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Hatanaka
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi City, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; and
| | - Ikuko Yao
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
| | - Patrick K. Campbell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Center, and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3940
| | - Shigeki Yuasa
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; and
| | - Carsten Janke
- **Centre de Rechérches en Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Grant R. MacGregor
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Center, and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3940
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- *Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi City, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
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Kotani T, Morone N, Yuasa S, Nada S, Okada M. Constitutive activation of neuronal Src causes aberrant dendritic morphogenesis in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neurosci Res 2007; 57:210-9. [PMID: 17137665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Src family tyrosine kinases are essential for neural development, but their in vivo functions remain elusive because of functional compensation among family members. To elucidate the roles of individual Src family members in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing the neuronal form of c-Src (n-Src), Fyn, and their constitutively active forms in cerebellar Purkinje cells using the L7 promoter. The expression of the constitutively active n-Src retarded the postnatal development of Purkinje cells and disrupted dendritic morphogenesis, whereas the wild-type n-Src had only moderate effects. Neither wild-type nor constitutively active Fyn over-expression significantly affected Purkinje-cell morphology. The aberrant Purkinje cells in n-Src transgenic mice retained multiple dendritic shafts extending in non-polarized directions and were located heterotopically in the molecular layer. Ultrastructural observation of the dendritic shafts revealed that the microtubules of n-Src transgenic mice were more densely and irregularly arranged, and had structural deformities. In primary culture, Purkinje cells from n-Src transgenic mice developed abnormally thick dendritic shafts and large growth-cone-like structures with poorly extended dendrites, which could be rescued by treatment with a selective inhibitor of Src family kinases, PP2. These results suggest that n-Src activity regulates the dendritic morphogenesis of Purkinje cells through affecting microtubule organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Kotani
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Morone N, Fujiwara T, Murase K, Kasai RS, Ike H, Yuasa S, Usukura J, Kusumi A. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the membrane skeleton at the plasma membrane interface by electron tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 174:851-62. [PMID: 16954349 PMCID: PMC2064339 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200606007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional images of the undercoat structure on the cytoplasmic surface of the upper cell membrane of normal rat kidney fibroblast (NRK) cells and fetal rat skin keratinocytes were reconstructed by electron tomography, with 0.85-nm–thick consecutive sections made ∼100 nm from the cytoplasmic surface using rapidly frozen, deeply etched, platinum-replicated plasma membranes. The membrane skeleton (MSK) primarily consists of actin filaments and associated proteins. The MSK covers the entire cytoplasmic surface and is closely linked to clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. The actin filaments that are closely apposed to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane (within 10.2 nm) are likely to form the boundaries of the membrane compartments responsible for the temporary confinement of membrane molecules, thus partitioning the plasma membrane with regard to their lateral diffusion. The distribution of the MSK mesh size as determined by electron tomography and that of the compartment size as determined from high speed single-particle tracking of phospholipid diffusion agree well in both cell types, supporting the MSK fence and MSK-anchored protein picket models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Morone
- Kusumi Membrane Organizer Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Nagoya 460-0012, Japan
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Nakada C, Morone N, Kusumi A. [Membrane skeleton: interaction of the plasma membrane with the cytoskeleton]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2006; 51:672-82. [PMID: 16719329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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Arimura N, Ménager C, Kawano Y, Yoshimura T, Kawabata S, Hattori A, Fukata Y, Amano M, Goshima Y, Inagaki M, Morone N, Usukura J, Kaibuchi K. Phosphorylation by Rho kinase regulates CRMP-2 activity in growth cones. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:9973-84. [PMID: 16260611 PMCID: PMC1280267 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.22.9973-9984.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2) enhances the advance of growth cones by regulating microtubule assembly and Numb-mediated endocytosis. We previously showed that Rho kinase phosphorylates CRMP-2 during growth cone collapse; however, the roles of phosphorylated CRMP-2 in growth cone collapse remain to be clarified. Here, we report that CRMP-2 phosphorylation by Rho kinase cancels the binding activity to the tubulin dimer, microtubules, or Numb. CRMP-2 binds to actin, but its binding is not affected by phosphorylation. Electron microscopy revealed that CRMP-2 localizes on microtubules, clathrin-coated pits, and actin filaments in dorsal root ganglion neuron growth cones, while phosphorylated CRMP-2 localizes only on actin filaments. The phosphomimic mutant of CRMP-2 has a weakened ability to enhance neurite elongation. Furthermore, ephrin-A5 induces phosphorylation of CRMP-2 via Rho kinase during growth cone collapse. Taken together, these results suggest that Rho kinase phosphorylates CRMP-2, and inactivates the ability of CRMP-2 to promote microtubule assembly and Numb-mediated endocytosis, during growth cone collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariko Arimura
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Enomoto A, Murakami H, Asai N, Morone N, Watanabe T, Kawai K, Murakumo Y, Usukura J, Kaibuchi K, Takahashi M. Akt/PKB Regulates Actin Organization and Cell Motility via Girdin/APE. Dev Cell 2005; 9:389-402. [PMID: 16139227 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt (also called protein kinase B) is well known as an important regulator of cell survival and growth and has also been shown to be required for cell migration in different organisms. However, the mechanism by which Akt functions to promote cell migration is not understood. Here, we identify an Akt substrate, designated Girdin/APE (Akt-phosphorylation enhancer), which is an actin binding protein. Girdin expresses ubiquitously and plays a crucial role in the formation of stress fibers and lamellipodia. Akt phosphorylates serine at position 1416 in Girdin, and phosphorylated Girdin accumulates at the leading edge of migrating cells. Cells expressing mutant Girdin, in which serine 1416 was replaced with alanine, formed abnormal elongated shapes and exhibited limited migration and lamellipodia formation. These findings suggest that Girdin is essential for the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration and provide a direct link between Akt and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
Rho-kinase and myosin phosphatase cooperatively regulate the phosphorylation level of myosin light chain and are involved in the formation of stress fibres and smooth muscle contraction. Rho-kinase has been known to be localized at stress fibres, but little is known about the mechanism of its localization. Here we identified non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA and IIB as the pleckstrin homology domain-interacting molecules by affinity column chromatography. The pleckstrin homology domain of Rho-kinase binds to myosin II directly in in vitro cosedimentation assay. The C-terminal region of the pleckstrin homology domain was important for this interaction, and the point mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain mutant (W1170A, W1340L) resulted in a decrease in the binding. We also found that the pleckstrin homology domain, but not the pleckstrin homology domain mutant (W1170A, W1340L), was localized at stress fibres in fibroblasts. These results indicate that Rho-kinase is localized at stress fibres through binding of the pleckstrin homology domain to myosin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Kawabata
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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