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Bouchard C, Tremblay JP. Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies Classification and Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4769. [PMID: 37510884 PMCID: PMC10381329 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are caused by mutations in multiple genes. This review article presents 39 genes associated with LGMDs. Some forms are inherited in a dominant fashion, while for others this occurs recessively. The classification of LGMDs has evolved through time. Lately, to be considered an LGMD, the mutation has to cause a predominant proximal muscle weakness and must be found in two or more unrelated families. This article also presents therapies for LGMDs, examining both available treatments and those in development. For now, only symptomatic treatments are available for patients. The goal is now to solve the problem at the root of LGMDs instead of treating each symptom individually. In the last decade, multiple other potential treatments were developed and studied, such as stem-cell transplantation, exon skipping, gene delivery, RNAi, and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bouchard
- Departement de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Jacques P Tremblay
- Departement de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
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2
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Martin AA, Thompson BR, Hahn D, Angulski ABB, Hosny N, Cohen H, Metzger JM. Cardiac Sarcomere Signaling in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16223. [PMID: 36555864 PMCID: PMC9782806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac sarcomere is a triumph of biological evolution wherein myriad contractile and regulatory proteins assemble into a quasi-crystalline lattice to serve as the central point upon which cardiac muscle contraction occurs. This review focuses on the many signaling components and mechanisms of regulation that impact cardiac sarcomere function. We highlight the roles of the thick and thin filament, both as necessary structural and regulatory building blocks of the sarcomere as well as targets of functionally impactful modifications. Currently, a new focus emerging in the field is inter-myofilament signaling, and we discuss here the important mediators of this mechanism, including myosin-binding protein C and titin. As the understanding of sarcomere signaling advances, so do the methods with which it is studied. This is reviewed here through discussion of recent live muscle systems in which the sarcomere can be studied under intact, physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Cytoskeletal Protein Variants Driving Atrial Fibrillation: Potential Mechanisms of Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030416. [PMID: 35159226 PMCID: PMC8834312 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common clinical tachyarrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), is present in 1-2% of the population. Although common risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, frequently underlie AF onset, it has been recognized that in 15% of the AF population, AF is familial. In these families, genome and exome sequencing techniques identified variants in the non-coding genome (i.e., variant regulatory elements), genes encoding ion channels, as well as genes encoding cytoskeletal (-associated) proteins. Cytoskeletal protein variants include variants in desmin, lamin A/C, titin, myosin heavy and light chain, junctophilin, nucleoporin, nesprin, and filamin C. These cytoskeletal protein variants have a strong association with the development of cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, AF onset is often represented as the initial manifestation of cardiac disease, sometimes even preceding cardiomyopathy by several years. Although emerging research findings reveal cytoskeletal protein variants to disrupt the cardiomyocyte structure and trigger DNA damage, exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of genetic AF is still in its infancy. In this review, we provide an overview of cytoskeletal (-associated) gene variants that relate to genetic AF and highlight potential pathophysiological pathways that drive this arrhythmia.
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4
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Müller D, Donath S, Brückner EG, Biswanath Devadas S, Daniel F, Gentemann L, Zweigerdt R, Heisterkamp A, Kalies SMK. How Localized Z-Disc Damage Affects Force Generation and Gene Expression in Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120213. [PMID: 34940366 PMCID: PMC8698600 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper function of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is highly related to the Z-disc, which has a pivotal role in orchestrating the sarcomeric cytoskeletal function. To better understand Z-disc related cardiomyopathies, novel models of Z-disc damage have to be developed. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived CMs can serve as an in vitro model to better understand the sarcomeric cytoskeleton. A femtosecond laser system can be applied for localized and defined damage application within cells as single Z-discs can be removed. We have investigated the changes in force generation via traction force microscopy, and in gene expression after Z-disc manipulation in hPSC-derived CMs. We observed a significant weakening of force generation after removal of a Z-disc. However, no significant changes of the number of contractions after manipulation were detected. The stress related gene NF-kB was significantly upregulated. Additionally, α-actinin (ACTN2) and filamin-C (FLNc) were upregulated, pointing to remodeling of the Z-disc and the sarcomeric cytoskeleton. Ultimately, cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) and cardiac muscle troponin T (TNNT2) were significantly downregulated. Our results allow a better understanding of transcriptional coupling of Z-disc damage and the relation of damage to force generation and can therefore finally pave the way to novel therapies of sarcomeric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Müller
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sören Donath
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Emanuel Georg Brückner
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Santoshi Biswanath Devadas
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fiene Daniel
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lara Gentemann
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Michael Klaus Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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5
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Schwahn DJ, Pleitner JM, Greaser ML. Megaesophagus Is a Major Pathological Condition in Rats With a Large Deletion in the Rbm20 Gene. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:151-159. [PMID: 31221019 PMCID: PMC7221460 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819854224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A spontaneously arising, loss-of-function mutation in the RNA binding motif protein 20
(Rbm20) gene, which encodes a nuclear splicing protein,
was previously identified as the underlying reason for expression of an abnormally large
TITIN (TTN) protein in a rat model of cardiomyopathy. An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to submission of rats with dyspnea, sneezing,
lethargy, nasal discharge, and/or unexpected death for diagnostic evaluation. Necropsy
revealed underlying megaesophagus in Rbm20–/–
rats. Further phenotyping of this rat strain and determination of the size of esophageal
TTN was undertaken. The Rbm20-defective rats developed
megaesophagus at an early age (26 weeks) with high frequency (13/32, 41%). They also often
exhibited secondary rhinitis (9/32, 28%), aspiration pneumonia (8/32, 25%), and otitis
media/interna (6/32, 19%). In addition, these rats had a high prevalence of hydronephrosis
(13/32, 41%). RBM20 is involved in splicing multiple RNA transcripts, one of which is the
muscle-specific protein TTN. Rbm20 mutations are a
significant cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. In Rbm20-defective rats, TTN size was significantly increased in the skeletal
muscle of the esophagus. Megaesophagus in this rat strain (maintained on a mixed genetic
background) is hypothesized to result from altered TTN stretch signaling in esophageal
skeletal muscle. This study describes a novel mechanism for the development of
megaesophagus, which may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of megaesophagus in
humans and offers insights into potential myogenic causes of this condition. This is the
first report of megaesophagus and other noncardiac pathogenic changes associated with
mutation of Rbm20 in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Schwahn
- Research Animal Resources Center and Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Marion L Greaser
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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6
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Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, Ackerman MJ, Calkins H, Darrieux FCC, Daubert JP, de Chillou C, DePasquale EC, Desai MY, Estes NAM, Hua W, Indik JH, Ingles J, James CA, John RM, Judge DP, Keegan R, Krahn AD, Link MS, Marcus FI, McLeod CJ, Mestroni L, Priori SG, Saffitz JE, Sanatani S, Shimizu W, van Tintelen JP, Wilde AAM, Zareba W. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:e301-e372. [PMID: 31078652 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an arrhythmogenic disorder of the myocardium not secondary to ischemic, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. ACM incorporates a broad spectrum of genetic, systemic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders. This designation includes, but is not limited to, arrhythmogenic right/left ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Chagas disease, and left ventricular noncompaction. The ACM phenotype overlaps with other cardiomyopathies, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy with arrhythmia presentation that may be associated with ventricular dilatation and/or impaired systolic function. This expert consensus statement provides the clinician with guidance on evaluation and management of ACM and includes clinically relevant information on genetics and disease mechanisms. PICO questions were utilized to evaluate contemporary evidence and provide clinical guidance related to exercise in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Recommendations were developed and approved by an expert writing group, after a systematic literature search with evidence tables, and discussion of their own clinical experience, to present the current knowledge in the field. Each recommendation is presented using the Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence system formulated by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association and is accompanied by references and explanatory text to provide essential context. The ongoing recognition of the genetic basis of ACM provides the opportunity to examine the diverse triggers and potential common pathway for the development of disease and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - William J McKenna
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N A Mark Estes
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Hua
- Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Julia H Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Roy M John
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Roberto Keegan
- Hospital Privado Del Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Español, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Mark S Link
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Frank I Marcus
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Silvia G Priori
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Department of Genetics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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7
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Ribeiro KC, Campelo RP, Rodrigues DDRF, Mattos EC, Brandão IT, da Silva CL, Bouskela E, Martinez CG, Kurtenbach E. Immunization with plasmids encoding M2 acetylcholine muscarinic receptor epitopes impairs cardiac function in mice and induces autophagy in the myocardium. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:245-257. [PMID: 30424681 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1514389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the M2 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with functional activities have been found in the sera of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and the second extracellular loop has been established as the predominant epitope. However, it has been shown that the third intracellular loop is recognized by Chagas disease patients with severe cardiac dysfunction. In this work, BALB/c mice were immunized with plasmids encoding these two epitopes, and a control group received the empty plasmid (pcDNA3 vector). Serum from these DNA-immunized animals had elevated and persistent titres of antibodies against respective antigens. Heart echocardiography indicated diminished left ventricular wall thickness and reduced ejection fraction for both epitope-immunized groups, and ergospirometry tests showed a significant decrease in the exercise time and oxygen consumption. Transfer of serum from these immunized mice into naïve recipients induced the same alterations in cardiac structure and function. Furthermore, electron microscopy analysis of donor-immunized animals revealed several ultrastructural alterations suggestive of autophagy and mitophagy, suggesting novel roles for these autoantibodies. Overall, greater functional and structural impairment was observed in the donor and recipient epitope groups, implicating the third intracellular loop epitope in the pathological effects for the first-time. Therefore, the corresponding peptides could be useful for autoimmune DCM diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Consort Ribeiro
- a Programa de Biologia Molecular e Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Roberto Perez Campelo
- a Programa de Biologia Molecular e Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Daniela Del Rosário Flores Rodrigues
- a Programa de Biologia Molecular e Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - Izaira Trincani Brandão
- e Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Célio Lopes da Silva
- e Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- f Lab. Pesq. Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular - BioVasc Inst. De Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Fac. de Ciências Médicas , Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Camila Guerra Martinez
- a Programa de Biologia Molecular e Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,g Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica , Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- a Programa de Biologia Molecular e Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,g Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica , Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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8
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Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiac diseases, which are the main cause of death worldwide, are likely to increase because of population ageing. Prevailing theories about the mechanisms of ageing feature the gradual derailment of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and loss of protein quality control as central factors. In the heart, loss of protein patency, owing to flaws in genetically-determined design or because of environmentally-induced 'wear and tear', can overwhelm protein quality control, thereby triggering derailment of proteostasis and contributing to cardiac ageing. Failure of protein quality control involves impairment of chaperones, ubiquitin-proteosomal systems, autophagy, and loss of sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins, all of which relate to induction of cardiomyocyte senescence. Targeting protein quality control to maintain cardiac proteostasis offers a novel therapeutic strategy to promote cardiac health and combat cardiac disease. Currently marketed drugs are available to explore this concept in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Barth AS, Kumordzie A, Tomaselli GF. Orchestrated regulation of energy supply and energy expenditure: Transcriptional coexpression of metabolism, ion homeostasis, and sarcomeric genes in mammalian myocardium. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:1131-1139. [PMID: 26776558 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the development of heart failure, the myocardium undergoes profound electrical remodeling, characterized by prolongation of action potential duration, changes in Ca(2+) homeostasis, and slowing of conduction. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that the electrical remodeling, indexed by the expression of ion channel and transporter genes, occurs in the context of a coordinated regulation of metabolism and signaling processes observed in heart failure. METHODS A meta-analysis of myocardial murine and human microarray data sets was performed. RESULTS We identified transcripts that were coordinately expressed with 132 myocardial ion channel and transporter genes in 18 murine and human myocardial microarray data sets. The genes coexpressed with ion channels were subsequently grouped into Gene Ontology (GO) categories, revealing 4 major, mutually exclusive GO clusters: 55 ion channel and transporter genes were coexpressed with major bioenergetic pathways (oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle, glycolysis, and fatty acid metabolism) and contractile processes (muscle contraction, sarcomere, and Z disc), while 36, 16, and 25 ion channel transcripts were associated with the GO clusters of signal transduction, transcription/translation, and a nonspecified cluster, respectively. Myocardial expression of ion channel genes coexpressed with metabolic processes was >10-fold higher than that of ion channels associated with the other 3 clusters. In addition to transcriptional coexpression, major myocardial ion channels were found to physically interact with metabolic pathways based on protein-protein interaction data. CONCLUSION Electromechanical and metabolic remodeling processes are intricately linked at the transcriptional level, suggesting an orchestrated regulation of energy supply (metabolism) and energy expenditure (muscle contraction and ion homeostasis) in mammalian myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Barth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ami Kumordzie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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10
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Induction of Ankrd1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Correlates with the Heart Failure Progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:273936. [PMID: 25961010 PMCID: PMC4415747 DOI: 10.1155/2015/273936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Progression of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is marked with extensive left ventricular remodeling whose clinical manifestations and molecular basis are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the clinical potential of titin ligands in monitoring progression of cardiac remodeling associated with end-stage IDCM. Expression patterns of 8 mechanoptotic machinery-associated titin ligands (ANKRD1, ANKRD2, TRIM63, TRIM55, NBR1, MLP, FHL2, and TCAP) were quantitated in endomyocardial biopsies from 25 patients with advanced IDCM. When comparing NYHA disease stages, elevated ANKRD1 expression levels marked transition from NYHA < IV to NYHA IV. ANKRD1 expression levels closely correlated with systolic strain depression and short E wave deceleration time, as determined by echocardiography. On molecular level, myocardial ANKRD1 and serum adiponectin correlated with low BAX/BCL-2 ratios, indicative of antiapoptotic tissue propensity observed during the worsening of heart failure. ANKRD1 is a potential marker for cardiac remodeling and disease progression in IDCM. ANKRD1 expression correlated with reduced cardiac contractility and compliance. The association of ANKRD1 with antiapoptotic response suggests its role as myocyte survival factor during late stage heart disease, warranting further studies on ANKRD1 during end-stage heart failure.
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11
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Knöll R. A role for membrane shape and information processing in cardiac physiology. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:167-73. [PMID: 25129123 PMCID: PMC4281353 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While the heart is a dynamic organ and one of its major functions is to provide the organism with sufficient blood supply, the regulatory feedback systems, which allow adaptation to hemodynamic changes, remain not well understood. Our current description of mechanosensation focuses on stretch-sensitive ion channels, cytoskeletal components, structures such as the sarcomeric Z-disc, costameres, caveolae, or the concept of tensegrity, but these models appear incomplete as the remarkable plasticity of the myocardium in response to biomechanical stress and heart rate variations remains unexplained. Signaling activity at membranes depends on their geometric parameters such as surface area and curvature, which links shape to information processing. In the heart, continuous cycles of contraction and relaxation reshape membrane morphology and hence affect cardio-mechanic signaling. This article provides a brief review on current models of mechanosensation and focuses on how signaling, cardiac myocyte dynamics, and membrane shape interact and potentially give rise to a self-organized system that uses shape to sense the extra- and intracellular environment. This novel concept may help to explain how changes in frequency, and thus membrane shape, affect cardiac plasticity. One of the conclusions is that hypertrophy and associated fibrosis, which have been considered as necessary to cope with increased wall stress, can also be seen as part of complex feedback systems which use local membrane inhomogeneity in different cardiac cell types to influence whole organphysiology and which are predicted to fine-tune and thus regulate membrane-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Knöll
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases iMed, AstraZeneca Research and Development Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden,
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12
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Francis A, Sunitha B, Vinodh K, Polavarapu K, Katkam SK, Modi S, Bharath MMS, Gayathri N, Nalini A, Thangaraj K. Novel TCAP mutation c.32C>A causing limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2G. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102763. [PMID: 25055047 PMCID: PMC4108395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TCAP encoded telethonin is a 19 kDa protein, which plays an important role in anchoring titin in Z disc of the sarcomere, and is known to cause LGMD2G, a rare muscle disorder characterised by proximal and distal lower limb weakness, calf hypertrophy and loss of ambulation. A total of 300 individuals with ARLGMD were recruited for this study. Among these we identified 8 clinically well characterised LGMD2G cases from 7 unrelated Dravidian families. Clinical examination revealed predominantly proximo-distal form of weakness, scapular winging, muscle atrophy, calf hypertrophy and foot drop, immunoblot showed either complete absence or severe reduction of telethonin. Genetic analysis revealed a novel nonsense homozygous mutation c.32C>A, p.(Ser11*) in three patients of a consanguineous family and an 8 bp homozygous duplication c.26_33dupAGGTGTCG, p.(Arg12fs31*) in another patient. Both mutations possibly lead to truncated protein or nonsense mediated decay. We could not find any functionally significant TCAP mutation in the remaining 6 samples, except for two other polymorphisms, c.453A>C, p.( = ) and c.-178G>T, which were found in cases and controls. This is the first report from India to demonstrate TCAP association with LGMD2G.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balaraju Sunitha
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sailesh Modi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - M. M. Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- * E-mail: (KT); (AN)
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail: (KT); (AN)
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Martinelli VC, Kyle WB, Kojic S, Vitulo N, Li Z, Belgrano A, Maiuri P, Banks L, Vatta M, Valle G, Faulkner G. ZASP interacts with the mechanosensing protein Ankrd2 and p53 in the signalling network of striated muscle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92259. [PMID: 24647531 PMCID: PMC3960238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ZASP is a cytoskeletal PDZ-LIM protein predominantly expressed in striated muscle. It forms multiprotein complexes and plays a pivotal role in the structural integrity of sarcomeres. Mutations in the ZASP protein are associated with myofibrillar myopathy, left ventricular non-compaction and dilated cardiomyopathy. The ablation of its murine homologue Cypher results in neonatal lethality. ZASP has several alternatively spliced isoforms, in this paper we clarify the nomenclature of its human isoforms as well as their dynamics and expression pattern in striated muscle. Interaction is demonstrated between ZASP and two new binding partners both of which have roles in signalling, regulation of gene expression and muscle differentiation; the mechanosensing protein Ankrd2 and the tumour suppressor protein p53. These proteins and ZASP form a triple complex that appears to facilitate poly-SUMOylation of p53. We also show the importance of two of its functional domains, the ZM-motif and the PDZ domain. The PDZ domain can bind directly to both Ankrd2 and p53 indicating that there is no competition between it and p53 for the same binding site on Ankrd2. However there is competition for this binding site between p53 and a region of the ZASP protein lacking the PDZ domain, but containing the ZM-motif. ZASP is negative regulator of p53 in transactivation experiments with the p53-responsive promoters, MDM2 and BAX. Mutations in the ZASP ZM-motif induce modification in protein turnover. In fact, two mutants, A165V and A171T, were not able to bind Ankrd2 and bound only poorly to alpha-actinin2. This is important since the A165V mutation is responsible for zaspopathy, a well characterized autosomal dominant distal myopathy. Although the mechanism by which this mutant causes disease is still unknown, this is the first indication of how a ZASP disease associated mutant protein differs from that of the wild type ZASP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Buck Kyle
- Department of Paediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Paediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anna Belgrano
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Systems Cell Biology of Cell Polarity and Cell Division, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Vatta
- Department of Paediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Georgine Faulkner
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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