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Wu J, Wang C, Zhang R, Du P, Wang Y, Wu P, Chen X, Huang Y, Jia Y, Shen J. SIL-IS LC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous quick detection of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in human plasma: Development, validation and its application to a pharmacokinetics study. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5964. [PMID: 39252549 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method with amoxicillin-d4 as the stable isotope-labeled internal standard for simultaneous quick detection of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in human plasma was developed and validated. Chromatographic separations were performed on a Hedera ODS-2 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phases for gradient elution were aqueous solution containing 0.2% acetic acid (AA) (mobile phase A) together with organic phase solution (acetonitrile and methanol mixed solution, mobile phase B). Mass spectrometry was performed using negative electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The target fragment ion pairs of amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and amoxicillin-d4 were m/z 364.1 → 223.1, 198.1 → 135.9 and 368.1 → 227.1, respectively. The linear ranges of this method were 40-5,000 ng/ml for amoxicillin and 30-2,500 ng/ml for clavulanic acid, with coefficient of determination > 0.9900. This method validation included selectivity, standard curve, lower limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect (hemolytic matrix and hyperlipidemic matrix), carryover, stability, dilution reliability and incurred sample reanalysis study. A successful application of this method was realized in a pharmacokinetic study after administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid potassium granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of WannanMedical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmao Wang
- School of pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The People's Hospital of Lezhi, Ziyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Hainan Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Du
- School of pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of WannanMedical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of WannanMedical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of WannanMedical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhe Huang
- School of pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanwei Jia
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of WannanMedical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of WannanMedical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, He J, Huang J, Li X, Fan X, Li W, Wu G, Xie C, Fan XX, Zhang J, Yao X, Wang R, Leung ELH. Pharmacokinetics, absorption and transport mechanism for ginseng polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114610. [PMID: 36989718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng polysaccharide (GP) is one of the most abundant components in Panax ginseng. However, the absorption pathways and mechanisms of GPs have not been investigated systematically due to the challenges of their detection. METHODS The fluorescein isothiocyanate derivative (FITC) was employed to label GP and ginseng acidic polysaccharide (GAP) to obtain target samples. HPLC-MS/MS assay was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of GP and GAP in rats. The Caco-2 cell model was used to investigate the uptake and transport mechanisms of GP and GAP in rats. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the absorption of GAP was more than that of GP in rats after gavage administration, while there was no significant difference between both after intravenous administration. In addition, we found that GAP and GP were more distributed in the kidney, liver and genitalia, suggesting that GAP and GP are highly targeted to the liver, kidney and genitalia. Importantly, we explored the uptake mechanism of GAP and GP. GAP and GP are endocytosed into the cell via lattice proteins or niche proteins. Both are transported lysosomally mediated to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then enter the nucleus through the ER, thus completing the process of intracellular uptake and transportation. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that the uptake of GPs by small intestinal epithelial cells is primarily mediated via lattice proteins and the cytosolic cellar. The discovery of important pharmacokinetic properties and the uncovering of the absorption mechanism provide a research rationale for the research of GP formulation and clinical promotion.
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Developmental Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics Used in Neonatal ICU: Focus on Preterm Infants. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030940. [PMID: 36979919 PMCID: PMC10046592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal Infections are among the most common reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Neonatal sepsis (NS) significantly contributes to mortality rates. Empiric antibiotic therapy of NS recommended by current international guidelines includes benzylpenicillin, ampicillin/amoxicillin, and aminoglycosides (gentamicin). The rise of antibacterial resistance precipitates the growth of the use of antibiotics of the Watch (second, third, and fourth generations of cephalosporines, carbapenems, macrolides, glycopeptides, rifamycins, fluoroquinolones) and Reserve groups (fifth generation of cephalosporines, oxazolidinones, lipoglycopeptides, fosfomycin), which are associated with a less clinical experience and higher risks of toxic reactions. A proper dosing regimen is essential for effective and safe antibiotic therapy, but its choice in neonates is complicated with high variability in the maturation of organ systems affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Changes in antibiotic pharmacokinetic parameters result in altered efficacy and safety. Population pharmacokinetics can help to prognosis outcomes of antibiotic therapy, but it should be considered that the neonatal population is heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity is mainly determined by gestational and postnatal age. Preterm neonates are common in clinical practice, and due to the different physiology compared to the full terms, constitute a specific neonatal subpopulation. The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence about the developmental changes (specific for preterm and full-term infants, separately) of pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics used in neonatal intensive care units.
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Villanueva-Castellote Á, Llena Puy C, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira Á, Ferrer MD. Ex vivo evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity in samples from endodontic infections. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 15:2160536. [PMID: 36583208 PMCID: PMC9793940 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2160536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop an in vitro model for real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm growth and evaluate the ex vivo effect of antibiotics on biofilm growth. Material and Methods Root canal samples were taken from 40 patients and inoculated into 96-well plates in a system that measures biofilm growth through electrical impedance. Biofilm bacterial composition at the genus and species level was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. ANCOM-BC corrected data were used to compare bacterial composition after antibiotic treatment through compositional analysis, and to compare microbiological with clinical data. Results The stationary phase was reached at 8 hours. The biofilm formed had a similar bacterial composition to the inoculum, and Enterococcus faecalis was virtually absent from the samples. The bacterial composition and the effect of antibiotics were sample-dependent. Metronidazole was the antibiotic that most inhibited biofilm formation and azithromycin the one that inhibited it in the highest percentage of cases. The antibiotic effect could not be related to the biofilm original bacterial composition. Conclusions The impedance system allowed real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm formation, and we propose it as a model for ex vivo evaluation of the whole biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials, as opposed to evaluating antibiotic sensitivity of specific bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Llena Puy
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain,CONTACT Carmen Llena Puy Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Álex Mira
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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Putecova K, Nedbalcova K, Bartejsova I, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Stastny K. Mass spectrometric identification and quantification of the antibiotic clavulanic acid in broiler chicken plasma and meat as a necessary analytical tool in finding ways to increase the effectiveness of currently used antibiotics in the treatment of broiler chickens. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3561-3571. [PMID: 33851228 PMCID: PMC8105215 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Clavulanic acid is a molecule with antimicrobial effect used in several livestock species treatment. Its inclusion in the treatment of infectious diseases of broilers requires determination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in order to determine the appropriate dosage for broilers and ensure safety of chicken products for human health. The present study describes the optimisation of analytical LC-MS/MS method for identification and quantification of clavulanic acid in broiler chicken plasma and meat. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for the developed method were 3.09 μg·L−1 and 10.21 μg·L−1 for plasma and 2.57 μg·kg−1 and 8.47 μg·kg−1 for meat. The recoveries of the developed plasma and tissue extraction procedure were > 105.7% and > 95.6%, respectively. The achieved coefficient of variation of within-run precision ranged from 2.8 to 10.9% for plasma and from 6.5 to 8.5% for meat. The pharmacokinetic experiment was performed in 112 Ross broiler chickens assigned into time interval groups ranging from 10 min to 24 h in accredited animal facilities. Administered dose of clavulanic acid was 2.5 mg·kg−1 according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the experiment are as follows: Cmax = 1.82 ± 0.91 mg·L−1, Tmax = 0.25 h, T1/2 = 0.87 h, Kel = 0.80 ± 0.04 h−1, AUC0-∞ = 2.17 mg·h ·L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Putecova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Iva Bartejsova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamil Stastny
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
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de Velde F, de Winter BCM, Koch BCP, van Gelder T, Mouton JW. Non-linear absorption pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin: consequences for dosing regimens and clinical breakpoints. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:2909-17. [PMID: 27330071 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the population pharmacokinetics of oral amoxicillin and to compare the PTA of current dosing regimens. METHODS Two groups, each with 14 healthy male volunteers, received oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid tablets on two separate days 1 week apart. One group received 875/125 mg twice daily and 500/125 mg three times daily and the other group 500/125 mg twice daily and 250/125 mg three times daily. A total of 1428 amoxicillin blood samples were collected before and after administration. We analysed the concentration-time profiles using a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic method (PKSolver) and a population pharmacokinetic method (NONMEM). The PTA was computed using Monte Carlo simulations for several dosing regimens. RESULTS AUC0-24 and Cmax increased non-linearly with dose. The final model included the following components: Savic's transit compartment model, Michaelis-Menten absorption, two distribution compartments and first-order elimination. The mean central volume of distribution was 27.7 L and mean clearance was 21.3 L/h. We included variability for the central volume of distribution (34.4%), clearance (25.8%), transit compartment model parameters and Michaelis-Menten absorption parameters. For 40% fT>MIC and >97.5% PTA, the breakpoints were 0.125 mg/L (500 mg twice daily), 0.25 mg/L (250 mg three times daily and 875 mg twice daily), 0.5 mg/L (500 mg three times daily) and 1 mg/L (750, 875 or 1000 mg three times daily and 500 mg four times daily). CONCLUSIONS The amoxicillin absorption rate appears to be saturable. The PTAs of high-dose as well as twice-daily regimens are less favourable than regimens with lower doses and higher frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke de Velde
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda C M de Winter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit C P Koch
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Mouton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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FAN Y, WU X, ZHAO M, GUO B, CAO G, YU J, CHEN Y, ZHANG J. Rapid and Simultaneous Quantitation of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid in Human Plasma and Urine by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:1269-1276. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin FAN
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
| | - Xiaojie WU
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
| | - Miao ZHAO
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
| | - Beining GUO
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
| | - Guoying CAO
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
| | - Jicheng YU
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
| | - Yuancheng CHEN
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
| | - Jing ZHANG
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission
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Liu Y, Zhu K, Wang J, Huang X, Wang G, Li C, Cao J, Ding S. Simultaneous detection and comparative pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and prednisolone in cows’ milk by UPLC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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