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Buetas E, Jordán-López M, López-Roldán A, D'Auria G, Martínez-Priego L, De Marco G, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing by PacBio improves taxonomic resolution in human microbiome samples. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:310. [PMID: 38528457 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene (≃300 bp) with Illumina technology is commonly used to study the composition of human microbiota. Unfortunately, short reads are unable to differentiate between highly similar species. Considering that species from the same genus can be associated with health or disease it is important to identify them at the lowest possible taxonomic rank. Third-generation sequencing platforms such as PacBio SMRT, increase read lengths allowing to sequence the whole gene with the maximum taxonomic resolution. Despite its potential, full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing is not widely used yet. The aim of the current study was to compare the sequencing output and taxonomic annotation performance of the two approaches (Illumina short read sequencing and PacBio long read sequencing of 16S rRNA gene) in different human microbiome samples. DNA from saliva, oral biofilms (subgingival plaque) and faeces of 9 volunteers was isolated. Regions V3-V4 and V1-V9 were amplified and sequenced by Illumina Miseq and by PacBio Sequel II sequencers, respectively. RESULTS With both platforms, a similar percentage of reads was assigned to the genus level (94.79% and 95.06% respectively) but with PacBio a higher proportion of reads were further assigned to the species level (55.23% vs 74.14%). Regarding overall bacterial composition, samples clustered by niche and not by sequencing platform. In addition, all genera with > 0.1% abundance were detected in both platforms for all types of samples. Although some genera such as Streptococcus tended to be observed at higher frequency in PacBio than in Illumina (20.14% vs 14.12% in saliva, 10.63% vs 6.59% in subgingival plaque biofilm samples) none of the differences were statistically significant when correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in the current manuscript suggest that samples sequenced using Illumina and PacBio are mostly comparable. Considering that PacBio reads were assigned at the species level with higher accuracy than Illumina, our data support the use of PacBio technology for future microbiome studies, although a higher cost is currently required to obtain an equivalent number of reads per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buetas
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Jordán-López
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Roldán
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D'Auria
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació Per Al Foment de La Investigació Sanitària I Biomèdica de La Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain
| | - Llucia Martínez-Priego
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació Per Al Foment de La Investigació Sanitària I Biomèdica de La Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain
| | - Griselda De Marco
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació Per Al Foment de La Investigació Sanitària I Biomèdica de La Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain
| | | | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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Buetas E, Jordán-López M, López-Roldán A, Mira A, Carda-Diéguez M. Impact of Periodontitis on the Leakage of Oral Bacteria to the Gut. J Dent Res 2024; 103:289-297. [PMID: 38193290 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231221709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and periodontitis have recently been related due to the higher incidence of CRC in periodontal patients and the involvement of periodontal pathogens in carcinogenesis, suggesting that leakage from the oral cavity to the gut occurs. However, the magnitude of this pass-through in healthy individuals is controversial, and the effect that periodontitis could play in it is understudied. To evaluate the rate of bacterial leakage from the oral cavity to the gut, we analyzed the microbial composition of saliva, subgingival plaque, and fecal samples in healthy individuals without gastrointestinal disorders, including 20 periodontitis patients and 20 oral healthy controls, using PacBio full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As expected, we observed a higher abundance of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque and saliva of periodontal patients. In contrast, no significant differences were found between the fecal samples of both groups, implying that gut samples from periodontal patients were not enriched in periodontal pathogens. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a biomarker of CRC, was not found in the fecal samples of any participant. Our study does show a small leakage of some oral bacteria (mainly streptococci) to the gut, regardless of periodontal health status. Future studies should test whether other host factors and/or the preexistence of a gut disorder must be present in addition to periodontitis to promote the colonization of the gut by oral pathogens. The absence of periodontal pathogens in feces supports the idea that these bacteria could be used as biomarkers of intestinal disorders, including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buetas
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Jordán-López
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A López-Roldán
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Conde-Pérez K, Aja-Macaya P, Buetas E, Trigo-Tasende N, Nasser-Ali M, Rumbo-Feal S, Nión P, Arribas EMD, Estévez LS, Otero-Alén B, Noguera JF, Concha Á, Pardiñas-López S, Carda-Diéguez M, Gómez-Randulfe I, Martínez-Lago N, Ladra S, Aparicio LMA, Bou G, Mira Á, Vallejo JA, Poza M. The multispecies microbial cluster of Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium as a precision biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38366793 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial to reduce mortality rates. Therefore, new noninvasive biomarkers for CRC are required. Recent studies have revealed an imbalance in the oral and gut microbiomes of patients with CRC, as well as impaired gut vascular barrier function. In the present study, the microbiomes of saliva, crevicular fluid, feces, and non-neoplastic and tumor intestinal tissue samples of 93 CRC patients and 30 healthy individuals without digestive disorders (non-CRC) were analyzed by 16S rRNA metabarcoding procedures. The data revealed that Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly over-represented in stool samples of CRC patients, whereas Faecalibacterium and Blautia were significantly over-abundant in the non-CRC group. Moreover, the tumor samples were enriched in well-known periodontal anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. Co-occurrence patterns of these oral microorganisms were observed in the subgingival pocket and in the tumor tissues of CRC patients, where they also correlated with other gut microbes, such as Hungatella. This study provides new evidence that oral pathobionts, normally located in subgingival pockets, can migrate to the colon and probably aggregate with aerobic bacteria, forming synergistic consortia. Furthermore, we suggest that the group composed of Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium could be used to design an excellent noninvasive fecal test for the early diagnosis of CRC. The combination of these four genera would significantly improve the reliability of a discriminatory test with respect to others that use a single species as a unique CRC biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Conde-Pérez
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pablo Aja-Macaya
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Buetas
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Trigo-Tasende
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mohammed Nasser-Ali
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soraya Rumbo-Feal
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Nión
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elsa Martín-De Arribas
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lara S Estévez
- Pathology Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Begoña Otero-Alén
- Pathology Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - José F Noguera
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Concha
- Pathology Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Simón Pardiñas-López
- Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Pardiñas Medical Dental Clinic - Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Igor Gómez-Randulfe
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Nieves Martínez-Lago
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana Ladra
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis M A Aparicio
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Álex Mira
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan A Vallejo
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Margarita Poza
- Microbiome and Health Group (meiGAbiome), Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
- Microbiome and Health Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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Rosier BT, Johnston W, Carda-Diéguez M, Simpson A, Cabello-Yeves E, Piela K, Reilly R, Artacho A, Easton C, Burleigh M, Culshaw S, Mira A. Publisher Correction: Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis: potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:8. [PMID: 38272860 PMCID: PMC10811215 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Annabel Simpson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Reilly
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Easton
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Mia Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Rosier BT, Johnston W, Carda-Diéguez M, Simpson A, Cabello-Yeves E, Piela K, Reilly R, Artacho A, Easton C, Burleigh M, Culshaw S, Mira A. Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis: potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:1. [PMID: 38177101 PMCID: PMC10767001 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity (NRC) and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitrate-reducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.05 in all five datasets with n = 20-82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. The oral NRC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate (a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NRC of 15 healthy individuals. Salivary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment (P < 0.05) but recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria (P < 0.01). No significant effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Annabel Simpson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Reilly
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Easton
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Mia Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Žiemytė M, Lopez-Roldan A, Carda-Diéguez M, Reglero-Santaolaya M, Rodriguez A, Ferrer MD, Mira A. Personalized antibiotic selection in periodontal treatment improves clinical and microbiological outputs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1307380. [PMID: 38179425 PMCID: PMC10765594 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1307380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease that is usually treated by non-surgical biofilm elimination with or without antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment in periodontal patients is typically selected empirically or using qPCR or DNA hybridization methods. These approaches are directed towards establishing the levels of different periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets to infer the antibiotic treatment. However, current methods are costly and do not consider the antibiotic susceptibility of the whole subgingival biofilm. Methods In the current manuscript, we have developed a method to culture subgingival samples ex vivo in a fast, label-free impedance-based system where biofilm growth is monitored in real-time under exposure to different antibiotics, producing results in 4 hours. To test its efficacy, we performed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial where patients were treated with an antibiotic either selected by the hybridization method (n=32) or by the one with the best effect in the ex vivo growth system (n=32). Results Antibiotic selection was different in over 80% of the cases. Clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket depth, attachment level, and bleeding upon probing improved in both groups. However, dental plaque was significantly reduced only in the group where antibiotics were selected according to the ex vivo growth. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing showed a larger reduction in periodontal pathogens and a larger increase in health-associated bacteria in the ex vivo growth group. Discussion The results of clinical and microbiological parameters, together with the reduced cost and low analysis time, support the use of the impedance system for improved individualized antibiotic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Lopez-Roldan
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Reglero-Santaolaya
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Cabanero-Navalon MD, Garcia-Bustos V, Mira A, Moral Moral P, Salavert-Lleti M, Forner Giner MJ, Núñez Beltrán M, Todolí Parra J, Bracke C, Carda-Diéguez M. Dysimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency is associated with alterations in oral, respiratory, and intestinal microbiota. Clin Immunol 2023; 256:109796. [PMID: 37774905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency characterized by decreased immunoglobulins and recurrent infections. Its aetiology remains unknown, and some patients present with severe non-infectious autoimmune or inflammatory complications with elevated associated morbimortality. Recently, intestinal dysbiosis has been proposed as a driver of immune dysregulation. In this study, we assessed the oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal microbiota of 41 CVID patients (24 with dysimmune and 17 with infection complications) and 15 healthy volunteers using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore associations between microbiome profiles and CVID phenotypes. Profound differences in the composition of the microbiota in saliva, sputum, and stool were detected between dysimmune CVID patients and healthy individuals. Globally, respiratory species diversity and faecal bacterial richness were lower in CVID individuals with immune complications. Although a single species could not be identified as a robust predictor of dysimmunity, a combination of around 5-7 bacterial species in each type of sample could predict this severe phenotype with an accuracy of around 90% in the study population. Our study provides new insights into these previously unexplored but highly interrelated ecological niches among themselves and with patient profiles. Our data suggest that this disease-related systemic dysbiosis could be implicated in the immune dysregulation associated with severe cases of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dafne Cabanero-Navalon
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Moral Moral
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Salavert-Lleti
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine of the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Núñez Beltrán
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Todolí Parra
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carme Bracke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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Johnston W, Rosier BT, Carda-Diéguez M, Paterson M, Watson P, Piela K, Goulding M, Ramage G, Baranyia D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Mira A, Culshaw S. Longitudinal changes in subgingival biofilm composition following periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1065-1077. [PMID: 36960491 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current periodontal treatment involves instrumentation using hand and/or ultrasonic instruments, which are used either alone or in combination based on patient and clinician preference, with comparable clinical outcomes. This study sought to investigate early and later changes in the subgingival biofilm following periodontal treatment, to identify whether these changes were associated with treatment outcomes, and to investigate whether the biofilm responded differently to hand compared with ultrasonic instruments. METHODS This was a secondary-outcome analysis of a randomized-controlled trial. Thirty-eight periodontitis patients received full-mouth subgingival instrumentation using hand (n = 20) or ultrasonic instrumentation (n = 18). Subgingival plaque was sampled at baseline and 1, 7, and 90 days following treatment. Bacterial DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS Biofilm composition was comparable in both (hand and ultrasonics) treatment groups at all time points (all genera and species; p[adjusted] > 0.05). Large-scale changes were observed within groups across time points. At days 1 and 7, taxonomic diversity and dysbiosis were reduced, with an increase in health-associated genera including Streptococcus and Rothia equating to 30% to 40% of the relative abundance. When reassessed at day 90 a subset of samples reformed a microbiome more comparable with baseline, which was independent of instrumentation choice and residual disease. CONCLUSIONS Hand and ultrasonic instruments induced comparable impacts on the subgingival plaque microbiome. There were marked early changes in the subgingival biofilm composition, although there was limited evidence that community shifts associated with treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Johnston
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Paterson
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paddy Watson
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marilyn Goulding
- Global Clinical Affairs, Dentsply Sirona, York, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Divyashri Baranyia
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nezar N Al-Hebshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Periodontology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Conde-Pérez K, Buetas E, Aja-Macaya P, Martin-De Arribas E, Iglesias-Corrás I, Trigo-Tasende N, Nasser-Ali M, Estévez LS, Rumbo-Feal S, Otero-Alén B, Noguera JF, Concha Á, Pardiñas-López S, Carda-Diéguez M, Gómez-Randulfe I, Martínez-Lago N, Ladra S, Aparicio LA, Bou G, Mira A, Vallejo JA, Poza M. Parvimonas micra can translocate from the subgingival sulcus of the human oral cavity to colorectal adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37558206 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and intestinal samples from a cohort of 93 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls (non-CRC) were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva (28 non-CRC and 94 CRC), feces (30 non-CRC and 97 CRC), subgingival fluid (20 CRC), and tumor tissue samples (20 CRC) were used for 16S metabarcoding and/or RNA sequencing (RNAseq) approaches. A differential analysis of the abundance, performed with the ANCOM-BC package, adjusting the P-values by the Holm-Bonferroni method, revealed that Parvimonas was significantly over-represented in feces from CRC patients (P-value < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. A total of 11 Parvimonas micra isolates were obtained from the oral cavity and adenocarcinoma of CRC patients. Genome analysis identified a pair of isolates from the same patient that shared 99.2% identity, demonstrating that P. micra can translocate from the subgingival cavity to the gut. The data suggest that P. micra could migrate in a synergistic consortium with other periodontal bacteria. Metatranscriptomics confirmed that oral bacteria were more active in tumor than in non-neoplastic tissues. We suggest that P. micra could be considered as a CRC biomarker detected in non-invasive samples such as feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Conde-Pérez
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Elena Buetas
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Aja-Macaya
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Elsa Martin-De Arribas
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, Spain
| | - Iago Iglesias-Corrás
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, Spain
| | - Noelia Trigo-Tasende
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Mohammed Nasser-Ali
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Lara S Estévez
- Pathological Anatomy Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Soraya Rumbo-Feal
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Begoña Otero-Alén
- Pathological Anatomy Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Jose F Noguera
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Ángel Concha
- Pathological Anatomy Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Simón Pardiñas-López
- Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Pardiñas Medical Dental Clinic, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Igor Gómez-Randulfe
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Maternal and Child Hospital, Spain
| | - Nieves Martínez-Lago
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Maternal and Child Hospital, Spain
| | - Susana Ladra
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, Spain
| | - Luis A Aparicio
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Maternal and Child Hospital, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan A Vallejo
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Margarita Poza
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
- Microbiome and Health Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus da Zapateira, Spain
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10
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Mazurel D, Carda-Diéguez M, Langenburg T, Žiemytė M, Johnston W, Martínez CP, Albalat F, Llena C, Al-Hebshi N, Culshaw S, Mira A, Rosier BT. Nitrate and a nitrate-reducing Rothia aeria strain as potential prebiotic or synbiotic treatments for periodontitis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:40. [PMID: 37330520 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A few studies indicate that nitrate can reduce dysbiosis from a periodontitis point of view. However, these experiments were performed on samples from healthy individuals, and it is unknown if nitrate will be effective in periodontal patients, where the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria is clearly reduced. The aim of this study was to test the effect of nitrate and a nitrate-reducing R. aeria (Ra9) on subgingival biofilms of patients with periodontitis. For this, subgingival plaque was incubated with 5 mM nitrate for 7 h (n = 20) or 50 mM nitrate for 12 h (n = 10), achieving a ~50% of nitrate reduction in each case. Additionally, Ra9 was combined with 5 mM nitrate (n = 11), increasing the nitrate reduced and nitrite produced (both p < 0.05). The addition of nitrate to periodontitis communities decreased biofilm mass (50 mM > 5 mM, both p < 0.05). Five millimolar nitrate, 50 mM nitrate and 5 mM nitrate + Ra9 led to 3, 28 and 20 significant changes in species abundance, respectively, which were mostly decreases in periodontitis-associated species. These changes led to a respective 15%, 63% (both p < 0.05) and 6% (not significant) decrease in the dysbiosis index. Using a 10-species biofilm model, decreases in periodontitis-associated species in the presence of nitrate were confirmed by qPCR (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, nitrate metabolism can reduce dysbiosis and biofilm growth of periodontitis communities. Five millimolar nitrate (which can be found in saliva after vegetable intake) was sufficient, while increasing this concentration to 50 mM (which could be achieved by topical applications such as a periodontal gel) increased the positive effects. Ra9 increased the nitrate metabolism of periodontitis communities and should be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Mazurel
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nezar Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Lee J, Mashayamombe M, Walsh TP, Kuang BKP, Pena GN, Vreugde S, Cooksley C, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Jesudason D, Fitridge R, Zilm PS, Dawson J, Kidd SP. The bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers and infections and incidence of Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37326607 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Uninfected diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) progression to diabetes-related foot infection (DFI) is a prevalent complication for patients with diabetes. DFI often progresses to osteomyelitis (DFI-OM). Active (growing) Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in these infections. There is relapse in 40-60 % of cases even when the initial treatment at the DFI stage apparently clears infection.Hypothesis. S. aureus adopts the quasi-dormant Small Colony Variant (SCV) state during DFU and consequently infection, and when present in DFI cases also permits survival in non-diseased tissues as a reservoir to cause relapse.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial factors that facilitate persistent infections.Methodology. People with diabetes were recruited from two tertiary hospitals. Clinical and bacterial data was taken from 153 patients with diabetes (51 from a control group with no ulcer or infection) and samples taken from 102 patients with foot complications to identify bacterial species and their variant colony types, and then compare the bacterial composition in those with uninfected DFU, DFI and those with DFI-OM, of whom samples were taken both from wounds (DFI-OM/W) and bone (DFI-OM/B). Intracellular, extracellular and proximal 'healthy' bone were examined.Results. S. aureus was identified as the most prevalent pathogen in diabetes-related foot pathologies (25 % of all samples). For patients where disease progressed from DFU to DFI-OM, S. aureus was isolated as a diversity of colony types, with increasing numbers of SCVs present. Intracellular (bone) SCVs were found, and even within uninfected bone SCVs were present. Wounds of 24 % of patients with uninfected DFU contained active S. aureus. All patients with a DFI with a wound but not bone infection had previously had S. aureus isolated from an infection (including amputation), representing a relapse.Conclusion. The presence of S. aureus SCVs in recalcitrant pathologies highlights their importance in persistent infections through the colonization of reservoirs, such as bone. The survival of these cells in intracellular bone is an important clinical finding supporting in vitro data. Also, there seems to be a link between the genetics of S. aureus found in deeper infections compared to those only found in DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lee
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease (RCID), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matipaishe Mashayamombe
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tom P Walsh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Beatrice K P Kuang
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Guilherme N Pena
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Province of Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Province of Valencia, Spain
| | - David Jesudason
- Endocrinology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Fitridge
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter S Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph Dawson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease (RCID), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Joseph S, Carda-Diéguez M, Aduse-Opoku J, Alsam A, Mira A, Curtis M. The Murine Oral Metatranscriptome Reveals Microbial and Host Signatures of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2023; 102:565-573. [PMID: 36883648 PMCID: PMC10152569 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221149675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is accompanied by alterations to cellular profiles and biological activities of both the subgingival microbiome and host tissues. Although significant progress has been made in describing the molecular basis of the homeostatic balance of host-commensal microbe interactions in health compared to the destructive imbalance in disease, particularly with respect to immune and inflammatory systems, few studies have attempted a comprehensive analysis in diverse host models. Here, we describe the development and application of a metatranscriptomic approach to analysis of host-microbe gene transcription in a murine periodontal disease model, based on oral gavage infection using Porphyromonas gingivalis in C57BL6/J mice. We generated 24 metatranscriptomic libraries from individual mouse oral swabs, representing health and disease. On average, 76% ± 11.7% reads in each sample belonged to the murine host genome and the remainder to the microbes. We found 3,468 (2.4% of the total) murine host transcripts differentially expressed between health and disease, of which 76% were overexpressed in periodontitis. Predictably, there were prominent alterations to genes and pathways linked with the host immune compartment in disease-the CD40 signaling pathway being the top enriched biological process in this data set. However, in addition, we observed significant alterations to other biological processes in disease, particularly cellular/metabolic processes and biological regulation. The number of differentially expressed microbial genes particularly indicated shifts in carbon metabolism pathways in disease with potential consequences for metabolic end-product formation. Together, these metatranscriptome data reveal marked changes between the gene expression patterns in both the murine host and microbiota, which may represent signatures of health and disease, providing the basis for future functional studies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular responses in periodontal disease. In addition, the noninvasive protocol developed in this study will enable further longitudinal and interventionist studies of host-microbe gene expression networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Joseph
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Carda-Diéguez
- Oral Microbiome Lab, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Aduse-Opoku
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A. Alsam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A. Mira
- Oral Microbiome Lab, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M.A. Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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13
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Cleaver LM, Carda-Diéguez M, Moazzez R, Carpenter GH. Novel bacterial proteolytic and metabolic activity associated with dental erosion-induced oral dysbiosis. Microbiome 2023; 11:69. [PMID: 37004076 PMCID: PMC10064782 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is a disease of the oral cavity where acids cause a loss of tooth enamel and is defined as having no bacterial involvement. The tooth surface is protected from acid attack by salivary proteins that make up the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). Bacteria have been shown to readily degrade salivary proteins, and some of which are present in the AEP. This study aimed to explore the role of bacteria in dental erosion using a multi-omics approach by comparing saliva collected from participants with dental erosion and healthy controls. RESULTS Salivary proteomics was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and demonstrated two altered AEP proteins in erosion, prolactin inducible protein (PIP), and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG). Immunoblotting further suggested that degradation of PIP and ZAG is associated with erosion. Salivary microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V1-V2 region, Illumina) and showed that participants with dental erosion had a significantly (p < 0.05) less diverse microbiome than healthy controls (observed and Shannon diversity). Sequencing of bacterial mRNA for gene expression (Illumina sequencing) demonstrated that genes over-expressed in saliva from erosion participants included H + proton transporter genes, and three protease genes (msrAB, vanY, and ppdC). Salivary metabolomics was assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). Metabolite concentrations correlated with gene expression, demonstrating that the dental erosion group had strong correlations between metabolites associated with protein degradation and amino acid fermentation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that microbial proteolysis of salivary proteins found in the protective acquired enamel pellicle strongly correlates with dental erosion, and we propose four novel microbial genes implicated in this process. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Cleaver
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health & Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Moazzez
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of The Pacific, San Francisco, USA
| | - Guy H Carpenter
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Mashayamombe M, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Fitridge R, Zilm PS, Kidd SP. Subpopulations in Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Provide Antibiotic Tolerance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020406. [PMID: 36830316 PMCID: PMC9952555 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to colonise different niches across the human body is linked to an adaptable metabolic capability, as well as its ability to persist within specific tissues despite adverse conditions. In many cases, as S. aureus proliferates within an anatomical niche, there is an associated pathology. The immune response, together with medical interventions such as antibiotics, often removes the S. aureus cells that are causing this disease. However, a common issue in S. aureus infections is a relapse of disease. Within infected tissue, S. aureus exists as a population of cells, and it adopts a diversity of cell types. In evolutionary biology, the concept of "bet-hedging" has established that even in positive conditions, there are members that arise within a population that would be present as non-beneficial, but if those conditions change, these traits could allow survival. For S. aureus, some of these cells within an infection have a reduced fitness, are not rapidly proliferating or are the cause of an active host response and disease, but these do remain even after the disease seems to have been cleared. This is true for persistence against immune responses but also as a continual presence in spite of antibiotic treatment. We propose that the constant arousal of suboptimal populations at any timepoint is a key strategy for S. aureus long-term infection and survival. Thus, understanding the molecular basis for this feature could be instrumental to combat persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matipaishe Mashayamombe
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Peter S. Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Kidd
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Bankvall M, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Karlsson A, Hasséus B, Karlsson R, Robledo-Sierra J. Metataxonomic and metaproteomic profiling of the oral microbiome in oral lichen planus - a pilot study. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 15:2161726. [PMID: 36605405 PMCID: PMC9809343 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2161726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence demonstrates a different bacterial composition in the oral cavity of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Patients and methods Buccal swab samples were collected from affected and non-affected sites of six patients with reticular OLP and the healthy oral mucosa of six control subjects. 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics were utilised to identify the metataxonomic and metaproteomic profiles of the oral microbiome in both groups. Results From the metataxonomic analysis, the most abundant species in the three subgroups were Streptococcus oralis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounting for up to 70% of the total population. Principal Coordinates Analysis showed differential clustering of samples from the healthy and OLP groups. ANCOM-BC compositional analysis revealed multiple species (including P. aeruginosa and several species of Veillonella, Prevotella, Streptococcus and Neisseria) significantly over-represented in the control group and several (including Granulicatella elegans, Gemella haemolysans and G. parahaemolysans) in patients with OLP. The metaproteomic data were generally congruent and revealed that several Gemella haemolysans-belonging peptidases and other proteins with inflammatory and virulence potential were present in OLP lesions. Conclusion Our data suggest that several bacterial species are associated with OLP. Future studies with larger cohorts should be conducted to determine their role in the aetiology of OLP and evaluate their potential as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bankvall
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain,School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Hasséus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Clinical microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jairo Robledo-Sierra
- Nanoxis Consulting AB, Gothenburg, Sweden,Faculty of Dentistry, CES University, Medellin, Colombia,CONTACT Jairo Robledo-Sierra Faculty of Dentistry, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
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16
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Villanueva-Castellote Á, Llena Puy C, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira Á, Ferrer MD. Ex vivo evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity in samples from endodontic infections. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 15:2160536. [PMID: 36583208 PMCID: PMC9793940 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2160536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop an in vitro model for real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm growth and evaluate the ex vivo effect of antibiotics on biofilm growth. Material and Methods Root canal samples were taken from 40 patients and inoculated into 96-well plates in a system that measures biofilm growth through electrical impedance. Biofilm bacterial composition at the genus and species level was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. ANCOM-BC corrected data were used to compare bacterial composition after antibiotic treatment through compositional analysis, and to compare microbiological with clinical data. Results The stationary phase was reached at 8 hours. The biofilm formed had a similar bacterial composition to the inoculum, and Enterococcus faecalis was virtually absent from the samples. The bacterial composition and the effect of antibiotics were sample-dependent. Metronidazole was the antibiotic that most inhibited biofilm formation and azithromycin the one that inhibited it in the highest percentage of cases. The antibiotic effect could not be related to the biofilm original bacterial composition. Conclusions The impedance system allowed real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm formation, and we propose it as a model for ex vivo evaluation of the whole biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials, as opposed to evaluating antibiotic sensitivity of specific bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Llena Puy
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain,CONTACT Carmen Llena Puy Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Álex Mira
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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17
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Carda-Diéguez M, Moazzez R, Mira A. Functional changes in the oral microbiome after use of fluoride and arginine containing dentifrices: a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic study. Microbiome 2022; 10:159. [PMID: 36171634 PMCID: PMC9520947 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and efficient tooth brushing with a fluoride-containing dentifrice is considered fundamental to caries prevention. Fluoride-containing dentifrices have been extensively studied in relation to enamel resistance to demineralization. Arginine (Arg) has also been proposed as a promising prebiotic to promote pH buffering through ammonia production. Here, we present the first metagenomic (DNA sequencing of the whole microbial community) and metatranscriptomic (RNAseq of the same community) analyses of human dental plaque to evaluate the effect of brushing with fluoride (Fl) and a Fl+Arg containing dentifrices on oral microbial composition and activity. Fifty-three patients were enrolled in a longitudinal clinical intervention study with two arms, including 26 caries-active and 27 caries-free adults. After a minimum 1-week washout period, dental plaque samples were collected at this post-washout baseline, 3 months after the use of a 1450-ppm fluoride dentifrice, and after 6 months of using a 1450-ppm fluoride with 1.5% arginine dentifrice. RESULTS There was a shift in both the composition and activity of the plaque microbiome after 3 months of brushing with the fluoride-containing toothpaste compared to the samples collected at the 1-week post-washout period, both for caries-active and caries-free sites. Although several caries-associated bacteria were reduced, there was also an increase in several health- and periodontitis-associated bacteria. Over 400 genes changed proportion in the metagenome, and between 180 and 300 genes changed their expression level depending on whether caries-free or caries-active sites were analyzed. The metagenome and metatranscriptome also changed after the subjects brushed with the Fl+Arg dentifrice. There was a further decrease of both caries- and periodontitis-associated organisms. In both caries-free and caries-active sites, a decrease of genes from the arginine biosynthesis pathway was also observed, in addition to an increase in the expression of genes associated with the arginine deiminase pathway, which catabolizes arginine into ammonia, thereby buffering acidic pH. Bacterial richness and diversity were not affected by either of the two treatments in the two arms of the study. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that long-term use of both assayed dentifrices changes the bacterial composition and functional profiles of human dental plaque towards a healthier microbial community, both in caries-free and caries-active sites. This observation was especially apparent for the Fl+Arg dentifrice. Thus, we conclude that the preventive benefits of tooth brushing go beyond the physical removal of dental plaque and that the active ingredients formulated within dentifrices have a positive effect not only on enamel chemistry but also on the metabolism of oral microbial populations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Žiemytė M, Carda-Diéguez M, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Ventero MP, Mira A, Ferrer MD. Real-time monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth dynamics and persister cells' eradication. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2062-2075. [PMID: 34663186 PMCID: PMC8583918 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1994355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and the appearance of persister cells with low metabolic rates are key factors affecting conventional treatment failure and antibiotic resistance. Using impedance-based measurements, crystal violet staining and traditional culture we have studied the biofilm growth dynamics of 13 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains under the effect of seven conventional antibiotics. Real-time growth quantifications revealed that the exposure of established P. aeruginosa biofilms to certain concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and tobramycin induced the emergence of persister cells, that showed different morphology and pigmentation, as well increased antibiotic resistance. Whole-genome sequencing of wildtype and persister cells identified several SNPs, a genomic inversion and a genomic duplication in one of the strains. However, these mutations were not uniquely associated with persisters, suggesting that the persistent phenotype may be related to metabolic and transcriptional changes. Given that mannitol has been proposed to activate bacterial metabolism, the synergistic combination of mannitol and ciprofloxacin was evaluated on clinical 48 h P. aeruginosa biofilms. When administered at doses ≥320 mg/L, mannitol was capable of preventing persister cell formation by efficiently activating dormant bacteria and making them susceptible to the antibiotic. These results were confirmed using viable colony counting. As the tested ciprofloxacin-mannitol combination appeared to fully eradicate mature biofilms, we conclude that impedance-based biofilm diagnostics, which permits antibiotic susceptibility testing and the identification of persister cells, is of great potential for the clinical practice and could aid in establishing treatment breakpoints for emerging biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Juan C. Rodríguez-Díaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria P. Ventero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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Carda-Diéguez M, Amaro C. A Method of Transposon Insertion Sequencing in Comprehensively Identifying Vibrio vulnificus Genes Required for Growth in Human Serum. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2377:159-178. [PMID: 34709616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1720-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most powerful approaches to detect the loci that enable a pathogen to cause disease is the creation of a high-density transposon mutant library by transposon insertion sequencing (TIS) and the screening of the library using an adequate in vivo and/or ex vivo model of the disease. Here we describe the procedure for detection of the putative loci required for a septicemic pathogen to cause sepsis in humans by using TIS plus an ex vivo model of septicaemia: to grow the pathogen in fresh and inactivated human serum. We selected V. vulnificus because it is a highly invasive pathogen capable of spreading from an infection site to the bloodstream, causing sepsis and death in less than 24 h. To survive and proliferate in blood (or host serum), the pathogen requires mechanisms to overcome the innate immune defenses and metabolic limitations of this host niche. Initially, genes under-represented for insertions can be used to estimate the V. vulnificus essential gene set. Analysis of the relative abundance of insertion mutants in the library after exposure to serum would detect which genes are essential for the pathogen to overcome the diverse limitations imposed by serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Amaro
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Havsed K, Stensson M, Jansson H, Carda-Diéguez M, Pedersen A, Neilands J, Svensäter G, Mira A. Bacterial Composition and Metabolomics of Dental Plaque From Adolescents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:716493. [PMID: 34395316 PMCID: PMC8362896 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.716493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Supragingival dental plaque samples were collected from 40 Swedish adolescents, including 20 with caries lesions (CAR) and 20 caries-free (CF). Fresh plaque samples were subjected to an ex vivo acid tolerance (AT) test where the proportion of bacteria resistant to an acid shock was evaluated through confocal microscopy and live/dead staining, and the metabolites produced were quantified by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR). In addition, DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by Illumina sequencing, in order to characterize bacterial composition in the same samples. There were no significant differences in AT scores between CAR and CF individuals. However, 7 out of the 10 individuals with highest AT scores belonged to the CAR group. Regarding bacterial composition, Abiotrophia, Prevotella and Veillonella were found at significantly higher levels in CAR individuals (p=0.0085, 0.026 and 0.04 respectively) and Rothia and Corynebacterium at significantly higher levels in CF individuals (p=0.026 and 0.003). The caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans was found at low frequencies and was absent in 60% of CAR individuals. Random-forest predictive models indicate that at least 4 bacterial species or 9 genera are needed to distinguish CAR from CF adolescents. The metabolomic profile obtained by NMR showed a significant clustering of organic acids with specific bacteria in CAR and/or high AT individuals, being Scardovia wiggsiae the species with strongest associations. A significant clustering of ethanol and isopropanol with health-associated bacteria such as Rothia or Corynebacterium was also found. Accordingly, several relationships involving these compounds like the Ethanol : Lactate or Succinate : Lactate ratios were significantly associated to acid tolerance and could be of predictive value for caries risk. We therefore propose that future caries risk studies would benefit from considering not only the use of multiple organisms as potential microbial biomarkers, but also their functional adaptation and metabolic output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Havsed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden.,Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Stensson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Folktandvården Skåne, The Swedish Dental Service of Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jansson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Folktandvården Skåne, The Swedish Dental Service of Skåne, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health & Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Swedish NMR Centre, The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Neilands
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alex Mira
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Health & Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Hernández M, Planells P, Martínez E, Mira A, Carda-Diéguez M. Microbiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization lesions. A pilot study. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1766166. [PMID: 32595912 PMCID: PMC7301705 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1766166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: An insufficient mineralization (hypomineralization) in the teeth during the maturation stage of amelogenesis cause defects in 3–44% of children. Here, we describe for the first time the microbiota associated with these defects and compared it to healthy teeth within the same subjects. Methods: Supragingival dental plaque was sampled from healthy and affected teeth from 25 children with molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Total DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by Illumina sequencing in order to describe the bacterial composition. Results: We detected a higher bacterial diversity in MIH samples, suggesting better bacterial adhesion or higher number of niches in those surfaces. We found the genera Catonella, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Tannerella, Centipeda, Streptobacillus, Alloprevotella and Selenomonas associated with hypomineralized teeth, whereas Rothia and Lautropia were associated with healthy sites. Conclusion: The higher protein content of MIH-affected teeth could favour colonization by proteolytic microorganisms. The over-representation of bacteria associated with endodontic infections and periodontal pathologies suggests that, in addition to promote caries development, MIH could increase the risk of other oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Martínez
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Carda-Diéguez M, Cárdenas N, Aparicio M, Beltrán D, Rodríguez JM, Mira A. Corrigendum: Variations in Vaginal, Penile, and Oral Microbiota After Sexual Intercourse: A Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:294. [PMID: 31998725 PMCID: PMC6962768 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nívia Cárdenas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Beltrán
- Centro de Diagnóstico Médico, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Carda-Diéguez M, Bravo-González LA, Morata IM, Vicente A, Mira A. High-throughput DNA sequencing of microbiota at interproximal sites. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 12:1687397. [PMID: 32002129 PMCID: PMC6853236 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1687397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The oral microbiota has been deeply studied by high-throughput sequencing techniques. However, although the interproximal regions have one of the highest caries rates in the oral cavity, information about the bacterial composition at those sites is scarce. Methods: In this study, we used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to describe the microbiota associated to interproximal regions at two time points. In addition, dental plaque samples at the vestibular and lingual surfaces from the same teeth were also analysed at the two time points. Results: Interproximal-associated microbiota was found to be similar to already described bacterial communities in other mouth niches. Streptoccocus, Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, Neisseria, Haemophilus and Fusobacterium were the most abundant genera in this oral region. Statistical analyses showed that the microbiota from interproximal sites was more similar to that sampled from the vestibular surfaces than to the lingual surfaces. Interestingly, many potentially cariogenic bacteria such as Scardovia, Atopobium or Selenomonas were over-represented in the interproximal regions in comparison with vestibular and lingual sites. Conclusion: The microbiota at interproximal regions appears to be specific and stable through time. Potentially pathogenic bacteria may increase caries development risk and gingival inflammation at those sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel María Morata
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ascensión Vicente
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Carda-Diéguez M, Cárdenas N, Aparicio M, Beltrán D, Rodríguez JM, Mira A. Variations in Vaginal, Penile, and Oral Microbiota After Sexual Intercourse: A Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:178. [PMID: 31440511 PMCID: PMC6692966 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common infection in women and it has been proved that dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota can promote the infectious status. This case report shows the effect of oral and vaginal sex over the microbiota of a heterosexual couple who reported repeated problems of vaginal and oral infections after sexual intercourse. Case Presentation: A woman (32) reported to have vaginal infections and gingivitis after she had started a relationship with a man (34) and associated them with unprotected sex. No treatments successfully removed the problem and it repeated every time they had sexual encounters. Vaginal, penile and oral swabs were collected before and after sexual encounters in order to analyze changes in the respective microbiotas. DNA was extracted from all samples and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Conclusions: Lactobacillus occupied the great majority of the vaginal microbiota in all scenarios except after unprotected sex, which caused a bacterial dysbiosis that lasted at least for a week. Similarly, the penile microbiota changed significantly after unprotected sexual relationships. Interestingly, both oral and vaginal sex increased the abundance of Lactobacillus in the male oral and penile microbiota, respectively. In conclusion, unprotected sexual intercourse influenced the genital microbiota in the couple studied and future studies with larger sample sizes should study if sex may be a factor promoting vaginal infection through dysbiosis and hampered protection by the resident microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nívia Cárdenas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Beltrán
- Centro de Diagnóstico Médico, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
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Carda-Diéguez M, Silva-Hernández FX, Hubbard TP, Chao MC, Waldor MK, Amaro C. Comprehensive identification of Vibrio vulnificus genes required for growth in human serum. Virulence 2018; 9:981-993. [PMID: 29697309 PMCID: PMC6037467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1455464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus can be a highly invasive pathogen capable of spreading from an infection site to the bloodstream, causing sepsis and death. To survive and proliferate in blood, the pathogen requires mechanisms to overcome the innate immune defenses and metabolic limitations of this host niche. We created a high-density transposon mutant library in YJ016, a strain representative of the most virulent V. vulnificus lineage (or phylogroup) and used transposon insertion sequencing (TIS) screens to identify loci that enable the pathogen to survive and proliferate in human serum. Initially, genes underrepresented for insertions were used to estimate the V. vulnificus essential gene set; comparisons of these genes with similar TIS-based classification of underrepresented genes in other vibrios enabled the compilation of a common Vibrio essential gene set. Analysis of the relative abundance of insertion mutants in the library after exposure to serum suggested that genes involved in capsule biogenesis are critical for YJ016 complement resistance. Notably, homologues of two genes required for YJ016 serum-resistance and capsule biogenesis were not previously linked to capsule biogenesis and are largely absent from other V. vulnificus strains. The relative abundance of mutants after exposure to heat inactivated serum was compared with the findings from the serum screen. These comparisons suggest that in both conditions the pathogen relies on its Na+ transporting NADH-ubiquinone reductase (NQR) complex and type II secretion system to survive/proliferate within the metabolic constraints of serum. Collectively, our findings reveal the potency of comparative TIS screens to provide knowledge of how a pathogen overcomes the diverse limitations to growth imposed by serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carda-Diéguez
- a Department of Microbiology and Ecology , University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain.,b ERI BIOTECMED , Universitat de València. Dr Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain
| | - F X Silva-Hernández
- a Department of Microbiology and Ecology , University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain
| | - T P Hubbard
- c Division of Infectious Disease , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,e Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - M C Chao
- c Division of Infectious Disease , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,d Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,e Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - M K Waldor
- c Division of Infectious Disease , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,d Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,e Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - C Amaro
- a Department of Microbiology and Ecology , University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain.,b ERI BIOTECMED , Universitat de València. Dr Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain
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Carda-Diéguez M, Ghai R, Rodríguez-Valera F, Amaro C. Wild eel microbiome reveals that skin mucus of fish could be a natural niche for aquatic mucosal pathogen evolution. Microbiome 2017; 5:162. [PMID: 29268781 PMCID: PMC5740887 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish skin mucosal surfaces (SMS) are quite similar in composition and function to some mammalian MS and, in consequence, could constitute an adequate niche for the evolution of mucosal aquatic pathogens in natural environments. We aimed to test this hypothesis by searching for metagenomic and genomic evidences in the SMS-microbiome of a model fish species (Anguilla Anguilla or eel), from different ecosystems (four natural environments of different water salinity and one eel farm) as well as the water microbiome (W-microbiome) surrounding the host. RESULTS Remarkably, potentially pathogenic Vibrio monopolized wild eel SMS-microbiome from natural ecosystems, Vibrio anguillarum/Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae/Vibrio metoecus being the most abundant ones in SMS from estuary and lake, respectively. Functions encoded in the SMS-microbiome differed significantly from those in the W-microbiome and allowed us to predict that successful mucus colonizers should have specific genes for (i) attachment (mainly by forming biofilms), (ii) bacterial competence and communication, and (iii) resistance to mucosal innate immunity, predators (amoeba), and heavy metals/drugs. In addition, we found several mobile genetic elements (mainly integrative conjugative elements) as well as a series of evidences suggesting that bacteria exchange DNA in SMS. Further, we isolated and sequenced a V. metoecus strain from SMS. This isolate shares pathogenicity islands with V. cholerae O1 from intestinal infections that are absent in the rest of sequenced V. metoecus strains, all of them from water and extra-intestinal infections. CONCLUSIONS We have obtained metagenomic and genomic evidence in favor of the hypothesis on the role of fish mucosal surfaces as a specialized habitat selecting microbes capable of colonizing and persisting on other comparable mucosal surfaces, e.g., the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology abd Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rohit Ghai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Biology Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Valera
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Amaro
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology abd Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Carda-Diéguez M, Mizuno CM, Ghai R, Rodriguez-Valera F, Amaro C. Replicating phages in the epidermal mucosa of the eel (Anguilla anguilla). Front Microbiol 2015; 6:3. [PMID: 25688234 PMCID: PMC4310352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we used the eel (Anguilla anguilla) as an animal model to test the hypothesis of Barr et al. (2013a,b) about the putative role of the epidermal mucosa as a phage enrichment layer. To this end, we analyzed the microbial content of the skin mucus of wild and farmed eels by using a metagenomic approach. We found a great abundance of replicating phage genomes (concatemers) in all the samples. They were assembled in four complete genomes of three Myovirus and one Podovirus. We also found evidences that ΦKZ and Podovirus phages could be part of the resident microbiota associated to the eel mucosal surface and persist on them over the time. Moreover, the viral abundance estimated by epiflorescent counts and by metagenomic recruitment from eel mucosa was higher than that of the surrounding water. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that claims a possible role of phages in the animal mucus as agents controlling bacterial populations, including pathogenic species, providing a kind of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Megumi Mizuno
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante Spain
| | - Rohit Ghai
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante Spain
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Valera
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante Spain
| | - Carmen Amaro
- ERI Biotecmed, University of Valencia, Valencia Spain
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Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Fouz B. Pyrosequencing survey of intestinal microbiota diversity in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed functional diets. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 87:451-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health; Center for Advanced Research in Public Health; CSISP-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
| | - Belén Fouz
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
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