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Stroncek DF, Butterfield LH, Cannarile MA, Dhodapkar MV, Greten TF, Grivel JC, Kaufman DR, Kong HH, Korangy F, Lee PP, Marincola F, Rutella S, Siebert JC, Trinchieri G, Seliger B. Systematic evaluation of immune regulation and modulation. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:21. [PMID: 28331613 PMCID: PMC5359947 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies are showing promising clinical results in a variety of malignancies. Monitoring the immune as well as the tumor response following these therapies has led to significant advancements in the field. Moreover, the identification and assessment of both predictive and prognostic biomarkers has become a key component to advancing these therapies. Thus, it is critical to develop systematic approaches to monitor the immune response and to interpret the data obtained from these assays. In order to address these issues and make recommendations to the field, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer reconvened the Immune Biomarkers Task Force. As a part of this Task Force, Working Group 3 (WG3) consisting of multidisciplinary experts from industry, academia, and government focused on the systematic assessment of immune regulation and modulation. In this review, the tumor microenvironment, microbiome, bone marrow, and adoptively transferred T cells will be used as examples to discuss the type and timing of sample collection. In addition, potential types of measurements, assays, and analyses will be discussed for each sample. Specifically, these recommendations will focus on the unique collection and assay requirements for the analysis of various samples as well as the high-throughput assays to evaluate potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Michael A Cannarile
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology & Immunobiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, Box 208021, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jean Charles Grivel
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - David R Kaufman
- Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 1000, UG 3CD28, North Wales, PA 19454 USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, MSC 1908, Bethesda, MD 20892-1908 USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Rutella
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Janet C Siebert
- CytoAnalytics, 3500 South Albion Street, Cherry Hills Village, CO 80113 USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37/Room 4146, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, Halle, Germany
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Bedin C, Crotti S, Ragazzi E, Pucciarelli S, Agatea L, Tasciotti E, Ferrari M, Traldi P, Rizzolio F, Giordano A, Nitti D, Agostini M. Alterations of the Plasma Peptidome Profiling in Colorectal Cancer Progression. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:915-25. [PMID: 26379225 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenge. It has been highlighted that the pathological alterations within an organ and tissues might be reflected in serum or plasma proteomic/peptidic patterns. The aim of the study was to follow the changes in the plasma peptides associated to colorectal cancer progression by mass spectrometry. This study included 27 adenoma, 67 CRC (n = 33 I-II stage and n = 34 III-IV stage), 23 liver metastasis from CRC patients and 34 subjects disease-free as controls. For plasma peptides analysis, samples purification was performed on the Nanoporous Silica Chips technology followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight analysis. Since the high complexity of the obtained dataset, multivariate statistical analysis, and discriminant pattern recognition were performed for study groups classification. Forty-four of 88 ionic species were successfully identified as fragments of peptides and proteins physiologically circulating in the blood and belonging to immune and coagulation systems and inflammatory mediators. Many peptides clustered into sets of overlapping sequences with ladder-like truncation clearly associated to proteolytic processes of both endo- and exoproteases activity. Comparing to controls, a different median ion intensity of the group-type fragments distribution was observed. Moreover, the degradation pattern obtained by proteolytic cleavage was different into study groups. This pattern was specific and characteristic of each group: controls, colon tumour disease (including adenoma and CRC), and liver metastasis, revealing a role as biomarker in early diagnosis and prognosis. Our findings highlighted peculiar changes in protease activity characteristic of CRC progression from pre-cancer lesion to metastatic disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 915-925, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bedin
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO - National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lisa Agatea
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,IENI - CNR, Padua, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Richter ME, Neugebauer S, Engelmann F, Hagel S, Ludewig K, La Rosée P, Sayer HG, Hochhaus A, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Bretschneider T, Pausch C, Engel C, Brunkhorst FM, Kiehntopf M. Biomarker candidates for the detection of an infectious etiology of febrile neutropenia. Infection 2015; 44:175-86. [PMID: 26275448 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Infections and subsequent septicemia are major complications in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we identify biomarker candidates for the early detection of an infectious origin, and monitoring of febrile neutropenia (FN). METHODS Proteome, metabolome, and conventional biomarkers from 20 patients with febrile neutropenia without proven infection (FNPI) were compared to 28 patients with proven infection, including 17 patients with bacteremia. RESULTS Three peptides (mass to charge ratio 1017.4-1057.3; p-values 0.011-0.024), six proteins (mass to charge ratio 6881-17,215; p-values 0.002-0.004), and six phosphatidylcholines (p-values 0.007-0.037) were identified that differed in FNPI patients compared to patients with infection or bacteremia. Seven of these marker candidates discriminated FNPI from infection at fever onset with higher sensitivity and specificity (ROC-AUC 0.688-0.824) than conventional biomarkers i.e., procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, or interleukin-6 (ROC-AUC 0.535-0.672). In a post hoc analysis, monitoring the time course of four lysophosphatidylcholines, threonine, and tryptophan allowed for discrimination of patients with or without resolution of FN (ROC-AUC 0.648-0.919) with higher accuracy compared to conventional markers (ROC-AUC 0.514-0.871). CONCLUSIONS Twenty-one promising biomarker candidates for the early detection of an infectious origin or for monitoring the course of FN were found which might overcome known shortcomings of conventional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Richter
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Falco Engelmann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin IV (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Ludewig
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul La Rosée
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert G Sayer
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,4. Medizinische Klinik (Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie, Hämostaseologie), HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt, Nordhäuser Straße 74, 99089, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Leibniz Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie, Hans-Knöll-Institut, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Pausch
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank M Brunkhorst
- Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Salvador-Allende-Platz 27, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Findeisen P, Thumfart JO, Costina V, Hofheinz R, Neumaier M. MS-based monitoring of proteolytic decay of synthetic reporter peptides for quality control of plasma and serum specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:314-23. [PMID: 23955449 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpos9z5kvzsfsc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the preanalytical quality of serum and plasma by monitoring the time-dependent ex vivo decay of a synthetic reporter peptide (RP) with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). METHODS Serum and plasma specimens were spiked with the RP and proteolytic fragments were monitored with LC/MS at different preanalytical time points ranging from 2 to 24 hours after blood withdrawal. RESULTS The concentration of fragments changed in a time-dependent manner, and respective peptide profiles were used to classify specimens according to their preanalytical time span. Classification accuracy was high, with values always above 0.89 for areas under receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS This "proteomics degradation clock" can be used to estimate the preanalytical quality of serum and plasma and might have impact on quality control procedures of biobanking repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Findeisen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jörg Oliver Thumfart
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Victor Costina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Hofheinz
- Third Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Sköld K, Alm H, Scholz B. The impact of biosampling procedures on molecular data interpretation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1489-501. [PMID: 23382104 PMCID: PMC3675808 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r112.024869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The separation between biological and technical variation without extensive use of technical replicates is often challenging, particularly in the context of different forms of protein and peptide modifications. Biosampling procedures in the research laboratory are easier to conduct within a shorter time frame and under controlled conditions as compared with clinical sampling, with the latter often having issues of reproducibility. But is the research laboratory biosampling really less variable? Biosampling introduces within minutes rapid tissue-specific changes in the cellular microenvironment, thus inducing a range of different pathways associated with cell survival. Biosampling involves hypoxia and, depending on the circumstances, hypothermia, circumstances for which there are evolutionarily conserved defense strategies in the range of species and also are relevant for the range of biomedical conditions. It remains unclear to what extent such adaptive processes are reflected in different biosampling procedures or how important they are for the definition of sample quality. Lately, an increasing number of comparative studies on different biosampling approaches, post-mortem effects and pre-sampling biological state, have investigated such immediate early biosampling effects. Commonalities between biosampling effects and a range of ischemia/reperfusion- and hypometabolism/anoxia-associated biological phenomena indicate that even small variations in post-sampling time intervals are likely to introduce a set of nonrandom and tissue-specific effects of experimental importance (both in vivo and in vitro). This review integrates the information provided by these comparative studies and discusses how an adaptive biological perspective in biosampling procedures may be relevant for sample quality issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Sköld
- From ‡Denator AB, Uppsala Science Park, SE-75183 Uppsala and
| | - Henrik Alm
- the §Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Drug Safety and Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birger Scholz
- the §Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Drug Safety and Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Figueroa CD, Ehrenfeld P, Bhoola KD. Kinin receptors as targets for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:299-312. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.662957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Findeisen P, Neumaier M. Functional protease profiling for diagnosis of malignant disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 6:60-78. [PMID: 22213637 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry (MS) aims at uncovering specific alterations within mass profiles of clinical specimens that are of diagnostic value for the detection and classification of various diseases including cancer. However, despite substantial progress in the field, the clinical proteomic profiling approaches have not matured into routine diagnostic applications so far. Their limitations are mainly related to high-abundance proteins and their complex processing by a multitude of endogenous proteases thus making rigorous standardization difficult. MS is biased towards the detection of low-molecular-weight peptides. Specifically, in serum specimens, the particular fragments of proteolytically degraded proteins are amenable to MS analysis. Proteases are known to be involved in tumour progression and tumour-specific proteases are released into the blood stream presumably as a result of invasive progression and metastasis. Thus, the determination of protease activity in clinical specimens from patients with malignant disease can offer diagnostic and also therapeutic options. The identification of specific substrates for tumour proteases in complex biological samples is challenging, but proteomic screens for proteases/substrate interactions are currently experiencing impressive progress. Such proteomic screens include peptide-based libraries, differential isotope labelling in combination with MS, quantitative degradomic analysis of proteolytically generated neo-N-termini, monitoring the degradation of exogenous reporter peptides with MS, and activity-based protein profiling. In the present article, we summarize and discuss the current status of proteomic techniques to identify tumour-specific protease-substrate interactions for functional protease profiling. Thereby, we focus on the potential diagnostic use of the respective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Findeisen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Watson DS, Jambunathan K, Askew DS, Kodukula K, Galande AK. Robust substrate profiling method reveals striking differences in specificities of serum and lung fluid proteases. Biotechniques 2011; 51:95-104. [PMID: 21806553 PMCID: PMC3159512 DOI: 10.2144/000113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for many diseases. Sensitive and robust techniques are needed to quantify proteolytic activities within the complex biological milieu. We hypothesized that a combinatorial protease substrate library could be used effectively to identify similarities and differences between serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), two body fluids that are clinically important for developing targeted therapies and diagnostics. We used a concise library of fluorogenic probes to map the protease substrate specificities of serum and BALF from guinea pigs. Differences in the proteolytic fingerprints of the two fluids were striking: serum proteases cleaved substrates containing cationic residues and proline, whereas BALF proteases cleaved substrates containing aliphatic and aromatic residues. Notably, cleavage of proline-containing substrates dominated all other protease activities in both human and guinea pig serum. This substrate profiling approach provides a foundation for quantitative comparisons of protease specificities between complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Watson
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Kalyani Jambunathan
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - David S. Askew
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krishna Kodukula
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Amit K. Galande
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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van den Broek I, Sparidans RW, van Winden AWJ, Gast MCW, van Dulken EJ, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. The absolute quantification of eight inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4)-derived peptides in serum from breast cancer patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 4:931-9. [PMID: 21137033 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Various studies exploring the potential of the low-molecular-weight serum peptidome have identified proteolytic cleavage products of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain-4 (ITIH(4)) as potential markers for different types of cancer, presumably generated by tumor-associated exoproteases. However, further elucidation of the discriminative properties of such peptides requires specific quantitative analytical methods. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a recently developed and fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method, we have compared absolute serum concentrations of eight peptides derived from ITIH(4 [658-687]) to ([667-687]) (ITIH(4)-30 to -21) between breast cancer patients (n=45) and controls (n=78). Furthermore, serum samples obtained before and after surgical removal of the tumor were analyzed (n=30). RESULTS The inter-individual variability in measured serum concentrations was high. Nevertheless, most peptides showed a tendency toward elevated levels in the presence of the breast cancer tumor. Significantly increased serum concentrations were observed in the breast cancer group for ITIH(4)-25 (p=0.036) and -29 (p=0.015). Intra-individual comparisons of serum obtained before and after surgery showed significantly decreased serum levels after surgery for seven of the ITIH(4)-derived peptides (p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The obtained results particularly suggest potential for these ITIH(4)-derived peptides in the follow-up of breast cancer after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van den Broek
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Division of Drug Toxicology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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