1
|
Wang J, Wang Z, Dai L, Zhu X, Guan X, Wang J, Li J, Zhang M, Bai Y, Guo H. Supt16 Haploinsufficiency Impairs PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Autophagy Pathway in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033035. [PMID: 36769360 PMCID: PMC9917370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) plays a critical role in neurodevelopment and has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the underlying mechanisms linking defective human neural stem cell self-renewal to NDDs remain undetermined. Our previous study found that Supt16 haploinsufficiency causes cognitive and social behavior deficits by disrupting the stemness maintenance of NSCs in mice. However, its effects and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated in human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Here, we generated Supt16+/- induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced them into hNSCs. The results revealed that Supt16 heterozygous hNSCs exhibit impaired proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. As the RNA-seq analysis showed, Supt16 haploinsufficiency inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, leading to rising autophagy, and further resulted in the dysregulated expression of multiple proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptotic process. Furthermore, the suppression of Supt16 heterozygous hNSC self-renewal caused by autophagy activation could be rescued by MHY1485 treatment or reproduced in rapamycin-treated hNSCs. Thus, our results showed that Supt16 was essential for hNSC self-renewal and its haploinsufficiency led to cell cycle arrest, impaired cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis of hNSCs by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/autophagy pathway. These provided a new insight to understand the causality between the Supt16 heterozygous NSCs and NDDs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Bai
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (H.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-23-68771367 (H.G.)
| | - Hong Guo
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (H.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-23-68771367 (H.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azeez IA, Awogbindin IO, Olayinka JN, Folarin RO, Adamu AS, Ior LD, Shehu AM, Mukhtar AI, Ajeigbe OF, Emokpae AO, Usende IL, Babatunde BR, Yusha'u Y, Olateju OI, Kamoga R, Benson AIO, Oparaji KC, Owemidu IO, Iliyasu MO, Imam MI, Olopade JO. Neural stem cell research in Africa: current realities and future prospects. Biol Open 2022; 11:280534. [PMID: 36326097 PMCID: PMC9641530 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are immature progenitor cells that are found in developing and adult brains that have the potential of dividing actively and renewing themselves, with a complex form of gene expression. The generation of new brain cells in adult individuals was initially considered impossible, however, the landmark discovery of human neural stem cells in the hippocampus has been followed by further discoveries in other discreet regions of the brain. Investigation into the current state in Africa of the research and use of NSCs shows relatively limited activities on the continent. Information on the African application of NSCs for modelling disease mechanisms, drug discovery, and therapeutics is still limited. The International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)-African Regional Committee (ARC), with support from the Company of Biologists, and the Movement Disorder Society, sponsored the first African Basic School on NSC in Ibadan, Nigeria, with the vision of bringing together young neuroscientists and physicians across different fields in neuroscience to learn from leaders who have applied NSCs in stem cell research, the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, neuroanatomy, and neurotherapeutics. Twenty early-career researchers in academic institutions at junior and senior faculty cadres were selected from South Africa, Uganda and Nigeria. The students and organizer of the school, who wrote this review on the state of NSCs research in Africa, recommended the following: (1) other African countries can take a cue from South Africa and Nigeria in probing the phenomena of adult neurogenesis in unique animal species on the continent; (2) Africa should leverage the expertise and facilities of South African scientists and international collaborators in scaling up NSC research into these unique species and (3) Centers of Excellence should be established on the continent to serve as research hubs for training postgraduate students, and facilities for African scientists who trained overseas on NSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris A. Azeez
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Jos 1 , Jos, 930001 Nigeria
| | | | - Juliet N. Olayinka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University 3 , Ado-Ekiti, 360001 Nigeria
| | - Royhaan O. Folarin
- Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University 4 , Ago-Iwoye, 120107 Nigeria
| | - Abubakar S. Adamu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University 5 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - Lydia D. Ior
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos 6 , Jos, 930001 , Nigeria
| | - Asmau M. Shehu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University Dutse 7 , Dutse, 720223 , Nigeria
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand 8 , Johannesburg, Wits 2050 , South Africa
| | - Abubakar I. Mukhtar
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University 5 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - Olufunke F. Ajeigbe
- Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, 340112 9 Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Programme , , Nigeria
| | | | - Ifukibot L. Usende
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja 11 , Abuja, 900105 , Nigeria
| | | | - Yusuf Yusha'u
- Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University 12 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - Oladiran I. Olateju
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand 8 , Johannesburg, Wits 2050 , South Africa
| | - Ronald Kamoga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology 13 , Mbarara P.O. Box 1410 , Uganda
| | - Ayoola I. O. Benson
- Department of Human Anatomy, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin 14 , Abakaliki, 482131 Nigeria
| | - Kenneth C. Oparaji
- Department of Physiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike 15 , Abakaliki, 482131 , Nigeria
| | - Idowu O. Owemidu
- Department of Physiology, Kogi State University 16 , Anyigba, 272102 , Nigeria
| | - Musa O. Iliyasu
- Department of Anatomy, Kogi State University 17 , Anyigba, 272102 , Nigeria
| | - Maryam I. Imam
- Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University 12 , Zaria, 810107 , Nigeria
| | - James O. Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan 18 , Ibadan, 200005 , Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Drugs and Endogenous Factors as Protagonists in Neurogenic Stimulation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2852-2871. [PMID: 35962176 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a biological process characterized by new neurons formation from stem cells. For decades, it was believed that neurons only multiplied during development and in the postnatal period but the discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in mature brain promoted a revolution in neuroscience field. In mammals, neurogenesis consists of migration, differentiation, maturation, as well as functional integration of newborn cells into the pre-existing neuronal circuit. Actually, NSC density drops significantly after the first stages of development, however in specific places in the brain, called neurogenic niches, some of these cells retain their ability to generate new neurons and glial cells in adulthood. The subgranular (SGZ), and the subventricular zones (SVZ) are examples of regions where the neurogenesis process occurs in the mature brain. There, the potential of NSCs to produce new neurons has been explored by new advanced methodologies and in neuroscience for the treatment of brain damage and/or degeneration. Based on that, this review highlights endogenous factors and drugs capable of stimulating neurogenesis, as well as the perspectives for the use of NSCs for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Miliaras D, Kesidou E, Boziki M, Petratos S, Grigoriadis N, Theotokis P. Developmental Cues and Molecular Drivers in Myelinogenesis: Revisiting Early Life to Re-Evaluate the Integrity of CNS Myelin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3208-3237. [PMID: 35877446 PMCID: PMC9324160 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) coordinates its communication through saltatory conduction, facilitated by myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs). Despite the fact that neurogenesis from stem cell niches has caught the majority of attention in recent years, oligodendrogenesis and, more specifically, the molecular underpinnings behind OL-dependent myelinogenesis, remain largely unknown. In this comprehensive review, we determine the developmental cues and molecular drivers which regulate normal myelination both at the prenatal and postnatal periods. We have indexed the individual stages of myelinogenesis sequentially; from the initiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, including migration and proliferation, to first contact with the axon that enlists positive and negative regulators for myelination, until the ultimate maintenance of the axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Here, we highlight multiple developmental pathways that are key to successful myelin formation and define the molecular pathways that can potentially be targets for pharmacological interventions in a variety of neurological disorders that exhibit demyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Dimosthenis Miliaras
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Xu X, Tu Y, Chen K, Song L, Zhai J, Chen S, Rong L, Zhou L, Wu W, So KF, Ramakrishna S, He L. Engineering Microenvironment for Endogenous Neural Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury by Reassembling Extracellular Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17207-17219. [PMID: 32207300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a fluid-filled cystic cavity after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major obstacle for neural regeneration. In this study, the post-SCI cavity was bridged by a functional self-assembling peptide (F-SAP) nanofiber hydrogel coupled with growth factor "cocktail". A sustained release of growth factors was achieved by carefully tailoring the physical hindrances and charge-induced interactions between the growth factors and the peptide nanofibers. Such an engineering microenvironment elicited axon regeneration, as determined by tracing of the descending pathway in the dorsal columns and immunochemical detection of regenerating axons beyond the lesion. Furthermore, the dynamic spatiotemporal activation line of endogenous NSCs (eNSCs) after severe SCI was thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that the growth factor-coupled F-SAP greatly facilitated eNSC proliferation, neuronal differentiation, maturation, myelination, and more importantly, the formation of interconnection with severed descending corticospinal tracts. The robust endogenous neurogenesis essentially led to the recovery of locomotion and electrophysiological properties. In conclusion, the growth factor-coupled F-SAP nanofiber hydrogel elucidated the therapeutic effect of eliciting endogenous neurogenesis by locally reassembling an extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqian Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yujie Tu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kaixin Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingyan Zhai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Liumin He
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rigby MJ, Gomez TM, Puglielli L. Glial Cell-Axonal Growth Cone Interactions in Neurodevelopment and Regeneration. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:203. [PMID: 32210757 PMCID: PMC7076157 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing nervous system is a complex yet organized system of neurons, glial support cells, and extracellular matrix that arranges into an elegant, highly structured network. The extracellular and intracellular events that guide axons to their target locations have been well characterized in many regions of the developing nervous system. However, despite extensive work, we have a poor understanding of how axonal growth cones interact with surrounding glial cells to regulate network assembly. Glia-to-growth cone communication is either direct through cellular contacts or indirect through modulation of the local microenvironment via the secretion of factors or signaling molecules. Microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, Schwann cells, neural progenitor cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells have all been demonstrated to directly impact axon growth and guidance. Expanding our understanding of how different glial cell types directly interact with growing axons throughout neurodevelopment will inform basic and clinical neuroscientists. For example, identifying the key cellular players beyond the axonal growth cone itself may provide translational clues to develop therapeutic interventions to modulate neuron growth during development or regeneration following injury. This review will provide an overview of the current knowledge about glial involvement in development of the nervous system, specifically focusing on how glia directly interact with growing and maturing axons to influence neuronal connectivity. This focus will be applied to the clinically-relevant field of regeneration following spinal cord injury, highlighting how a better understanding of the roles of glia in neurodevelopment can inform strategies to improve axon regeneration after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rigby
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Timothy M Gomez
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo D, Ruan S, Liu A, Kong X, Lee IS, Chen C. Laminin functionalized biomimetic apatite to regulate the adhesion and proliferation behaviors of neural stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6223-6233. [PMID: 30349246 PMCID: PMC6188167 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functionalizing biomaterial substrates with biological signals shows promise in regulating neural stem cell (NSC) behaviors through mimicking cellular microenvironment. However, diverse methods for immobilizing biological molecules yields promising results but with many problems. Biomimetic apatite is an excellent carrier due to its non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable affinity to plenty of molecules. Therefore, it may provide a promising alternative in regulating NSC behaviors. Methods Biomimetic apatite immobilized with the extracellular protein - laminin (LN) was prepared through coprecipitation process in modified Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) containing LN. The amount of coprecipitated LN and their release kinetics were examined. The adhesion and proliferation behaviors of NSC on biomimetic apatite immobilized with LN were investigated. Results The coprecipitation approach provided well retention of LN within biomimetic apatite up to 28 days, and supported the adhesion and proliferation of NSCs without cytotoxicity. For long-term cultivation, NSCs formed neurosphere-like aggregates on non-functionalized biomimetic apatite. A monolayer of proliferated NSCs on biomimetic apatite with coprecipitated LN was observed and even more stable than the positive control of LN coated tissue-culture treated polystyrene (TCP). Conclusion The simple and reproducible method of coprecipitation suggests that biomimetic apatite is an ideal carrier to functionalize materials with biological molecules for neural-related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shichao Ruan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
| | - Aiping Liu
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
| | - In-Seop Lee
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Natural Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea,
| | - Cen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China, .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim SH, Park YR, Lee B, Choi B, Kim H, Kim CH. Reduction of Cav1.3 channels in dorsal hippocampus impairs the development of dentate gyrus newborn neurons and hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181138. [PMID: 28715454 PMCID: PMC5513490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav1.3 has been suggested to mediate hippocampal neurogenesis of adult mice and contribute to hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes. However, the mechanism of Cav1.3 contribution in these processes is unclear. Here, roles of Cav1.3 of mouse dorsal hippocampus during newborn cell development were examined. We find that knock-out (KO) of Cav1.3 resulted in the reduction of survival of newborn neurons at 28 days old after mitosis. The retroviral eGFP expression showed that both dendritic complexity and the number and length of mossy fiber bouton (MFB) filopodia of newborn neurons at ≥ 14 days old were significantly reduced in KO mice. Both contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and object-location recognition tasks were impaired in recent (1 day) memory test while passive avoidance task was impaired only in remote (≥ 20 days) memory in KO mice. Results using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Cav1.3 knock-down (KD) or retrovirus-mediated KD in dorsal hippocampal DG area showed that the recent memory of CFC was impaired in both KD mice but the remote memory was impaired only in AAV KD mice, suggesting that Cav1.3 of mature neurons play important roles in both recent and remote CFC memory while Cav1.3 in newborn neurons is selectively involved in the recent CFC memory process. Meanwhile, AAV KD of Cav1.3 in ventral hippocampal area has no effect on the recent CFC memory. In conclusion, the results suggest that Cav1.3 in newborn neurons of dorsal hippocampus is involved in the survival of newborn neurons while mediating developments of dendritic and axonal processes of newborn cells and plays a role in the memory process differentially depending on the stage of maturation and the type of learning task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Ryoung Park
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byungil Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Cell and tissue specific somatic stem cells develop as dynamic populations of precursor cells to discrete tissue and organ differentiation during embryonic and fetal stages and their potential evolves with development. Some of their progeny are sequestered into separate cell niches of tissues as adult somatic stem cells at various times during organ development and differentiation These are diverse cell populations of stem and progenitor cells that respond to homeostatic needs for cell and tissue maintenance and the cycling of differentiated cells for physiological/ endocrinological changes. Nominally, multipotent stem cells in one or more niches follow specific lineages of differentiation that can be followed by diverse markers of differentiation. The activation of precursors appears to be stochastic and results in a population of heterogeneous progenitor cells. When variations in the functional need of the tissue or organ occurs, the progenitor cells exhibit flexibility in their differentiation capacity. Regulation of the progenitors is the result of signals from the stem cell niche that can cause adaptive changes in the behavior or function of the stem -progenitor cell lineage. A possible mechanism may be alteration in the differentiation capacity of the resident or introduced cells. Certain quiescent stem cells also serve as a potential cell reservoir for trauma induced cell regeneration through adaptive changes in differentiation of stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated cells. If the stem-progenitor cell population is normally depleted or destroyed by trauma, differentiated cells from the niche microenvironment can restore the specific stem potency which suggests the process of dedifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenyon S Tweedell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huntington Disease as a Neurodevelopmental Disorder and Early Signs of the Disease in Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3351-3371. [PMID: 28497201 PMCID: PMC5842500 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited disorder caused by a CAG expansion mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which results in the HTT protein that contains an expanded polyglutamine tract. The adult form of HD exhibits a late onset of the fully symptomatic phase. However, there is also a long presymptomatic phase, which has been increasingly investigated and recognized as important for the disease development. Moreover, the juvenile form of HD, evoked by a higher number of CAG repeats, resembles a neurodevelopmental disorder and has recently been the focus of additional interest. Multiple lines of data, such as the developmental necessity of HTT, its role in the cell cycle and neurogenesis, and findings from pluripotent stem cells, suggest the existence of a neurodevelopmental component in HD pathogenesis. Therefore, we discuss the early molecular pathogenesis of HD in pluripotent and neural stem cells, with respect to the neurodevelopmental aspects of HD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Telias M, Ben-Yosef D. Neural stem cell replacement: a possible therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders? Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:180-2. [PMID: 25883606 PMCID: PMC4392655 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.152361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Banda E, McKinsey A, Germain N, Carter J, Anderson NC, Grabel L. Cell polarity and neurogenesis in embryonic stem cell-derived neural rosettes. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1022-33. [PMID: 25472739 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) undergoing neural differentiation form radial arrays of neural stem cells, termed neural rosettes. These structures manifest many of the properties associated with embryonic and adult neurogenesis, including cell polarization, interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), and a gradient of neuronal differentiation. We now identify novel rosette structural features that serve to localize key regulators of neurogenesis. Cells within neural rosettes have specialized basal as well as apical surfaces, based on localization of the extracellular matrix receptor β1 integrin. Apical processes of cells in mature rosettes terminate at the lumen, where adherens junctions are apparent. Primary cilia are randomly distributed in immature rosettes and tightly associated with the neural stem cell's apical domain as rosettes mature. Components of two signaling pathways known to regulate neurogenesis in vivo and in rosettes, Hedgehog and Notch, are apically localized, with the Hedgehog effector Smoothened (Smo) associated with primary cilia and the Notch pathway γ-secretase subunit Presenilin 2 associated with the adherens junction. Increased neuron production upon treatment with the Notch inhibitor DAPT suggests a major role for Notch signaling in maintaining the neural stem cell state, as previously described. A less robust outcome was observed with manipulation of Hedgehog levels, though consistent with a role in neural stem cell survival or proliferation. Inhibition of both pathways resulted in an additive effect. These data support a model by which cells extending a process to the rosette lumen maintain neural stem cell identity whereas release from this association, either through asymmetric cell division or apical abscission, promotes neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Banda
- 1 Biology Department, Wesleyan University , Middletown, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Casarosa S, Bozzi Y, Conti L. Neural stem cells: ready for therapeutic applications? MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:31. [PMID: 26056597 PMCID: PMC4452059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a unique and powerful tool for basic research and regenerative medicine. However, the challenges that scientists face in the comprehension of the biology and physiological function of these cells are still many. Deciphering NSCs fundamental biological aspects represents indeed a crucial step to control NSCs fate and functional integration following transplantation, and is essential for a safe and appropriate use of NSCs in injury/disease conditions. In this review, we focus on the biological properties of NSCs and discuss how these cells may be exploited to provide effective therapies for neurological disorders. We also review and discuss ongoing NSC-based clinical trials for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarosa
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Casarosa S, Bozzi Y, Conti L. Neural stem cells: ready for therapeutic applications? MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:31. [PMID: 26056597 PMCID: PMC4452059 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a unique and powerful tool for basic research and regenerative medicine. However, the challenges that scientists face in the comprehension of the biology and physiological function of these cells are still many. Deciphering NSCs fundamental biological aspects represents indeed a crucial step to control NSCs fate and functional integration following transplantation, and is essential for a safe and appropriate use of NSCs in injury/disease conditions. In this review, we focus on the biological properties of NSCs and discuss how these cells may be exploited to provide effective therapies for neurological disorders. We also review and discuss ongoing NSC-based clinical trials for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarosa
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gorba T, Conti L. Neural stem cells as tools for drug discovery: novel platforms and approaches. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1083-94. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.805199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Transcriptional Regulation and Specification of Neural Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 786:129-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
17
|
|