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Tian M, Han YB, Yang GY, Li JL, Shi CS, Tian D. The role of lactoferrin in bone remodeling: evaluation of its potential in targeted delivery and treatment of metabolic bone diseases and orthopedic conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1218148. [PMID: 37680888 PMCID: PMC10482240 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein that is synthesized endogenously and has various biological roles including immunological regulation, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Recently, research has uncovered Lf's critical functions in bone remodeling, where it regulates the function of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. The signaling pathways involved in Lf's signaling in osteoblasts include (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein - 1 (LRP-1), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and insulin-like growth factor - 1 (IGF-1), which activate downstream pathways such as ERK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB. These pathways collectively stimulate osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization while inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and activity. Additionally, Lf's inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) suppresses the formation and activity of osteoclasts directly. Lf also promotes chondroprogenitor proliferation and differentiation to chondrocytes by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathways while inhibiting the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes through the suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Lf's ability to stimulate osteoblast and chondrocyte activity and inhibit osteoclast function accelerates fracture repair, as demonstrated by its effectiveness in animal models of critical-sized long bone defects. Moreover, studies have indicated that Lf can rescue dysregulated bone remodeling in osteoporotic conditions by stimulating bone formation and suppressing bone resorption. These beneficial effects of Lf on bone health have led to its exploration in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. However, due to the large size of Lf, small bioactive peptides are preferred for pharmaceutical applications. These peptides have been shown to promote bone fracture repair and reverse osteoporosis in animal studies, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents for bone-related diseases. Nonetheless, the active concentration of Lf in serum may not be sufficient at the site requiring bone regeneration, necessitating the development of various delivery strategies to enhance Lf's bioavailability and target its active concentration to the site requiring bone regeneration. This review provides a critical discussion of the issues mentioned above, providing insight into the roles of Lf in bone remodeling and the potential use of Lf as a therapeutic target for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-bo Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-yun Yang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-long Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang-sai Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Rao VV, Wechsler ME, Cravens E, Wojda SJ, Caldwell AS, Kirkpatrick BE, Donahue SW, Anseth KS. Granular PEG hydrogels mediate osteoporotic MSC clustering via N-cadherin influencing the pro-resorptive bias of their secretory profile. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:77-87. [PMID: 35460910 PMCID: PMC9133190 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis results from a pro-resorptive bone environment, which decreases bone mineral density causing increased fracture risk. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) secrete factors involved in bone homeostasis, but osteoporosis mediated changes to their secretions remain understudied. Herein, we examined the secretome of MSCs isolated from ovariectomized rats (OVX rMSCs), a model of post-menopausal osteoporosis, as a function of cell-cell interactions. Specifically, we controlled clustering of OVX and SHAM rMSCs by assembling them in granular hydrogels synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) microgels with average diameters of ∼10, 100, and 200 µm. We directed both the sizes of rMSC clusters (single cells to ∼30 cells/cluster) and the percentages of cells within clusters (∼20-90%) by controlling the scaffold pore dimensions. Large clusters of OVX rMSCs had a pro-resorptive secretory profile, with increased concentrations of Activin A, CXCL1, CX3CL1, MCP-1, TIMP-1, and TNF-ɑ, compared to SHAM rMSCs. As this pro-resorptive bias was only observed in large cell clusters, we characterized the expression of several cadherins, mediators of cell-cell contacts. N-cadherin expression was elevated (∼4-fold) in OVX relative to SHAM rMSCs, in both cell clusters and single cells. Finally, TIMP-1 and MCP-1 secretion was only decreased in large cell clusters of OVX rMSCs when N-cadherin interactions were blocked, highlighting the dependence of OVX rMSC secretion of pro-resorptive cytokines on N-cadherin mediated cell-cell contacts. Further elucidation of the N-cadherin mediated osteoporotic MSC secretome may have implications for developing therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disorder that affects tens of millions of women worldwide. This disease is characterized by severe bone loss resulting from a pro-resorptive bone marrow environment, where the rates of bone resorption outpace the rates of bone deposition. The paracrine factors secreted by bone marrow MSCs can influence cell types responsible for bone homeostasis, but the osteoporosis-mediated changes to MSC secretory properties remains understudied. In this study, we used PEG-based porous granular scaffolds to study the influence of cell clustering on the secretory properties of osteoporotic MSCs. We observed increased secretion of several pro-resorptive factors by osteoporotic MSCs in large clusters. Further, we explored the dependence of this altered secretion profile on N-cadherin mediated cell-cell contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Emily Cravens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Samantha J Wojda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Alexander S Caldwell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Seth W Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
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3
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Pal S, Sayeed M, Kumar A, Verma DP, Harioudh MK, Verma NK, Porwal K, Sharma S, Kulkarni C, Bandyopadhyay A, Mugale MN, Mitra K, Ghosh JK, Chattopadhyay N. Self-Assembling Nano-Globular Peptide from Human Lactoferrin Acts as a Systemic Enhancer of Bone Regeneration: A Novel Peptide for Orthopedic Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17300-17315. [PMID: 33830736 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A technology for systemic and repeated administration of osteogenic factors for orthopedic use is an unmet medical need. Lactoferrin (∼80 kDa), present in milk, is known to support bone growth. We discovered a lactoferrin-mimetic peptide, LP2 (an 18-residue fragment from the N-terminus of the N-lobe of human lactoferrin), which self-assembles into a nano-globular assembly with a β-sheet structure in an aqueous environment. LP2 is non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic against human red blood cells and 3T3 fibroblasts, respectively, and appreciably stable in the human serum. LP2 through the bone morphogenetic protein-dependent mechanism stimulates osteoblast differentiation more potently than the full-length protein as well as the osteoblastic production of osteoprotegerin (an anti-osteoclastogenic factor). Consequently, daily subcutaneous administration of LP2 to rats and rabbits with osteotomy resulted in faster bone healing and stimulated bone formation in rats with a low bone mass more potently than that with teriparatide, the standard-of-care osteogenic peptide for osteoporosis. LP2 has skeletal bioavailability and is safe at the 15× osteogenic dose. Thus, LP2 is a novel peptide that can be administered systemically for the medical management of hard-to-heal fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Pal
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohd Sayeed
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Devesh P Verma
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Munesh K Harioudh
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Neeraj K Verma
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Konica Porwal
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Madhav N Mugale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
- Electron Microscopy Unit, SAIF Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jimut K Ghosh
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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4
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Xu SY, Shi P, Zhou RM. Post-menopausal oestrogen deficiency induces osteoblast apoptosis via regulating HOTAIR/miRNA-138 signalling and suppressing TIMP1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4572-4582. [PMID: 33733597 PMCID: PMC8107111 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of osteoporosis in post‐menopausal females. Real‐time PCR was conducted to measure the expression of potential lncRNAs involved in the osteoporosis of post‐menopausal females. In addition, Western blot and IHC assays were used to study the possible correlation among HOTAIR, miR‐138 and TIMP1, while a computational analysis was carried out to predict the ‘seed sequence’ responsible for the binding between miR‐138 and HOTAIR/TIMP1. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays were conducted to validate the negative regulatory relationship between miR‐138 and TIMP1/HOTAIR. To evaluate the effect of oestrogen on the function of HOATIR and its downstream effectors, luciferase activity was measured in cells cotransfected with different vectors or treated with different doses of oestrogen. The results of the luciferase assay were further validated by real‐time PCR, Western blot, MTT assay and flow cytometry. Among the candidate lncRNAs, HOTAIR was the only lncRNA down‐regulated in post‐menopausal females. HOTAIR bound to miR‐138 and negatively regulated its expression. Meanwhile, miR‐138 could also bind to TIMP1 mRNA and reduce its expression. Furthermore, a dose‐dependent up‐regulation of HOTAIR was observed in cells treated with oestrogen, and the elevated HOTAIR increased the level of TIMP1 by targeting miR‐138. In addition, oestrogen promoted cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis, and effects of oestrogen were blocked by the silencing of HOTAIR. Therefore, it can be concluded that oestrogen deficiency could induce the apoptosis of osteoblasts and lead to osteoporosis in post‐menopausal females via modulation of the HOTAIR/miR‐138/TIMP1 signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yong Xu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Ming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People Hospital of NanSha, Guangzhou, China
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Corrigan MA, Coyle S, Eichholz KF, Riffault M, Lenehan B, Hoey DA. Aged Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Demonstrate Defective Recruitment, Mechanosensitivity, and Matrix Deposition. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:83-96. [PMID: 31655814 DOI: 10.1159/000503444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation requires the replenishment of the osteoblast from a progenitor or stem cell population, which must be recruited, expanded, and differentiated to ensure continued anabolism. How this occurs and whether it is altered in the osteoporotic environment is poorly understood. Furthermore, given that emerging treatments for osteoporosis are targeting this progenitor population, it is critical to determine the regenerative capacity of this cell type in the setting of osteoporosis. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) from a cohort of aged osteoporotic patients were compared to MSCs isolated from healthy donors in terms of the ability to undergo recruitment and proliferation, and also respond to both the biophysical and biochemical cues that drive osteogenic matrix deposition. hMSCs isolated from healthy donors demonstrate good recruitment, mechanosensitivity, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. Contrastingly, hMSCs isolated from aged osteoporotic patients had significantly diminished regenerative potential. Interestingly, we demonstrated that osteoporotic hMSCs no longer responded to chemokine-directing recruitment and became desensitised to mechanical stimulation. The osteoporotic MSCs had a reduced proliferative potential and, importantly, they demonstrated an attenuated differentiation capability with reduced mineral and lipid formation. Moreover, during osteogenesis, despite minimal differences in the quantity of deposited collagen, the distribution of collagen was dramatically altered in osteoporosis, suggesting a potential defect in matrix quality. Taken together, this study has demonstrated that hMSCs isolated from aged osteoporotic patients demonstrate defective cell behaviour on multiple fronts, resulting in a significantly reduced regenerative potential, which must be considered during the development of new anabolic therapies that target this cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Corrigan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Coyle
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kian F Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Riffault
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Lenehan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, .,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, .,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland,
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6
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Improvement in viability and mineralization of osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell through combined application of photobiomodulation therapy and oxytocin. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:557-566. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Porwal K, Pal S, Tewari D, Pal China S, Singh P, Chandra Tewari M, Prajapati G, Singh P, Cheruvu S, Khan YA, Sanyal S, Gayen JR, Ampapathi R, Mridha AR, Chattopadhyay N. Increased Bone Marrow-Specific Adipogenesis by Clofazimine Causes Impaired Fracture Healing, Osteopenia, and Osteonecrosis Without Extraskeletal Effects in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:167-180. [PMID: 31393584 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMycobacterium leprae infection causes bone lesions and osteoporosis, however, the effect of antileprosy drugs on the bone is unknown. We, therefore, set out to address it by investigating osteogenic differentiation from bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Out of 7 antileprosy drugs, only clofazimine (CFZ) reduced MSCs viability (IC50 ∼ 1 μM) and their osteogenic differentiation but increased adipogenic differentiation on a par with rosiglitazone, and this effect was blocked by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, GW9662. CFZ also decreased osteoblast viability and resulted in impaired bone regeneration in a rat femur osteotomy model at one-third human drug dose owing to increased callus adipogenesis as GW9662 prevented this effect. CFZ treatment decreased BM MSC population and homing of MSC to osteotomy site despite drug levels in BM being much less than its in vitro IC50 value. In adult rats, CFZ caused osteopenia in long bones marked by suppressed osteoblast function due to enhanced adipogenesis and increased osteoclast functions. A robust increase in marrow adipose tissue (MAT) by CFZ did not alter the hematologic parameters but likely reduced BM vascular bed leading to osteonecrosis (ON) characterized by empty osteocyte lacunae. However, CFZ had no effect on visceral fat content and was not associated with any metabolic and hematologic changes. Levels of unsaturated fatty acids in MAT were higher than saturated fatty acids and CFZ further increased the former. From these data, we conclude that CFZ has adverse skeletal effects and could be used for creating a rodent ON model devoid of extraskeletal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | | | | | - Asit R Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110023, India
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8
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Stavenschi E, Hoey DA. Pressure-induced mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis is dependent on intermediate filament remodeling. FASEB J 2018; 33:4178-4187. [PMID: 30550359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801474rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscale loading of bone generates a complex local mechanical microenvironment that drives osteogenesis and bone mechanoadaptation. One such mechanical stimulus generated is hydrostatic pressure (HP); however, the effect of HP on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the mechanotransduction mechanisms utilized by these cells to sense this stimulus are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic HP is a potent mediator of cytoskeletal reorganization and increases in osteogenic responses in MSCs. In particular, we demonstrate that the intermediate filament (IF) network undergoes breakdown and reorganization with centripetal translocation of IF bundles toward the perinuclear region. Furthermore, we show for the first time that this IF remodeling is required for loading-induced MSC osteogenesis, revealing a novel mechanism of MSC mechanotransduction. In addition, we demonstrate that chemical disruption of IFs with withaferin A induces a similar mechanism of IF breakdown and remodeling as well as a subsequent increase in osteogenic gene expression in MSCs, exhibiting a potential mechanotherapeutic effect to enhance MSC osteogenesis. This study therefore highlights a novel mechanotransduction mechanism of pressure-induced MSC osteogenesis involving the understudied cytoskeletal structure, the IF, and demonstrates a potential new therapy to enhance bone formation in bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.-Stavenschi, E., Hoey, D. A. Pressure-induced mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis is dependent on intermediate filament remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Zhu M, Hao G, Xing J, Hu S, Geng D, Zhang W, Wang Q, Hu C, Wang X. Bone marrow adipose amount influences vertebral bone strength. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:689-694. [PMID: 30651851 PMCID: PMC6307407 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of bone marrow adipose and microstructure with bone strength in osteoporotic rats using MR Dixon analysis and micro-CT was evaluated. A total of 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats (6-month-old) were divided randomly into sham-operated (SHAM, n=20) group and ovariectomized (OVX, n=20) group. Fat fraction (FF) was measured by two-point Dixon method with MR imaging at the baseline, 4th, 8th and 12th week, respectively. After sacrifice by anesthesia, the fifth lumbar vertebrae bone was sampled for micro-CT scanning. The biomechanical analysis was also performed. FF in osteoporotic rats significantly increases with time, which correlates with bone microstructure parameters. Compared with biomechanical test, FF showed negative correlation with break stress and elastic modulus. It also suggested that loss of bone mass was accompanied with the increase of adipose tissue content in vertebrae bone marrow. The impairment of bone strength leads to the risk of brittle fracture. In conclusion, the bone marrow adipose amount obtained by MR Dixon and microstructure by micro-CT correlates to bone strength in osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Hao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Xing
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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10
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Lee MN, Hwang HS, Oh SH, Roshanzadeh A, Kim JW, Song JH, Kim ES, Koh JT. Elevated extracellular calcium ions promote proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells via increasing osteopontin expression. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-16. [PMID: 30393382 PMCID: PMC6215840 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at sites of bone resorption is required for bone homeostasis because of the non-proliferation and short lifespan properties of the osteoblasts. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are released from the bone surfaces during osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. However, how elevated extracellular Ca2+ concentrations would alter MSCs behavior in the proximal sites of bone resorption is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular Ca2+ on MSCs phenotype depending on Ca2+ concentrations. We found that the elevated extracellular Ca2+ promoted cell proliferation and matrix mineralization of MSCs. In addition, MSCs induced the expression and secretion of osteopontin (OPN), which enhanced MSCs migration under the elevated extracellular Ca2+ conditions. We developed in vitro osteoclast-mediated bone resorption conditions using mouse calvaria bone slices and demonstrated Ca2+ is released from bone resorption surfaces. We also showed that the MSCs phenotype, including cell proliferation and migration, changed when the cells were treated with a bone resorption-conditioned medium. These findings suggest that the dynamic changes in Ca2+ concentrations in the microenvironments of bone remodeling surfaces modulate MSCs phenotype and thereby contribute to bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Nam Lee
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Su Hwang
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Oh
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Amir Roshanzadeh
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Du L, Han XG, Tu B, Wang MQ, Qiao H, Zhang SH, Fan QM, Tang TT. CXCR1/Akt signaling activation induced by mesenchymal stem cell-derived IL-8 promotes osteosarcoma cell anoikis resistance and pulmonary metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:714. [PMID: 29915309 PMCID: PMC6006172 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The loss of appropriate cell adhesion normally induces apoptosis via a process termed anoikis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the cancer microenvironment on the anoikis resistance and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) cells, and to evaluate the critical role of the interleukin (IL)-8/C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 1/Akt-signaling pathway in these processes. Metastatic OS subtype cells, which did or did not interact with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in vitro, were isolated from the pulmonary site and named Saos2-lung-M. Both MSC-CM and IL-8 treatment increased the anoikis resistance of Saos2 cells in vitro. Moreover, exogenous MSC-CM promoted the survival and metastasis of Saos2 cells in nude mice. Saos2-lung-M cells were more malignant and resistant to anoikis than parental cells. MSCs secreted IL-8, thereby protecting OS cells from anoikis. Blocking the IL-8/CXCR1/Akt pathway via CXCR1 knockdown inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of Saos2-lung-MSCs and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, MSCs enhanced OS cell resistance to anoikis and pulmonary metastasis via regulation of the IL-8/CXCR1/Akt pathway. These findings suggest that MSCs can “select for” OS cells with high metastatic potential in vivo, and highlight CXCR1 as a key target in the regulation of pulmonary metastasis of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Guo Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Tu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Qi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Ming Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Zhen R, Yang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen B, Song Y, Ma G, Yang B. Hepatocyte growth factor improves bone regeneration via the bone morphogenetic protein‑2‑mediated NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6045-6053. [PMID: 29436622 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is an important process associated with the treatment of osteonecrosis, which is caused by various factors. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an active biological factor that has multifunctional roles in cell biology, life sciences and clinical medicine. It has previously been suggested that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‑2 exerts beneficial roles in bone formation, repair and angiogenesis in the femoral head. The present study aimed to investigate the benefits and molecular mechanisms of HGF in bone regeneration. The viability of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were studied in vitro. In addition, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‑1, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6 were detected in a mouse fracture model following treatment with HGF. The expression and activity of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB were also analyzed in osteocytes post‑treatment with HGF. Histological analysis was used to determine the therapeutic effects of HGF on mice with fractures. The migration and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were investigated in HGF‑incubated cells. Furthermore, angiogenesis and BMP‑2 expression were analyzed in the mouse fracture model post‑treatment with HGF. The results indicated that HGF regulates the cell viability of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and also balanced the ratio between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, HGF decreased the serum expression levels of TNF‑α, MCP‑1, IL‑1 and IL‑6 in experimental mice. The results of a mechanistic analysis demonstrated that HGF upregulated p65, IκB kinase‑β and IκBα expression in osteoblasts from experimental mice. In addition, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, BMP‑2 receptor, receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand and macrophage colony‑stimulating factor were upregulated by HGF, which may effectively promote blood vessel regeneration, and contribute to the formation and revascularization of tissue‑engineered bone. Furthermore, HGF promoted BMP‑2 expression and enhanced angiogenesis at the fracture location. These results suggested that HGF treatment may significantly promote bone regeneration in a mouse fracture model. In conclusion, these results indicated that HGF is involved in bone regeneration, angiogenesis and the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thus suggesting that HGF may be considered a potential agent for the treatment of fractures via the promotion of bone regeneration through regulation of the BMP‑2‑mediated NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Youxin Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Guiyun Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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Guo X, Wei S, Lu M, Shao Z, Lu J, Xia L, Lin K, Zou D. RNA-Seq investigation and in vivo study the effect of strontium ranelate on ovariectomized rat via the involvement of ROCK1. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:629-641. [PMID: 29381089 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1433188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Silong Wei
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Sciences, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Shao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Sciences, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Derong Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Effect of in vivo low-level laser therapy on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis of rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 175:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Orsi PR, Landim-Alvarenga FC, Justulin LA, Kaneno R, de Assis Golim M, Dos Santos DC, Creste CFZ, Oba E, Maia L, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS. A unique heterologous fibrin sealant (HFS) as a candidate biological scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporotic rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:205. [PMID: 28962655 PMCID: PMC5622505 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directly into the bone of osteoporotic (OP) patients for rapid recovery has been studied worldwide. Scaffolds associated with MSCs are used to maintain and avoid cell loss after application. A unique heterologous fibrin sealant (HFS) derived from snake venom was evaluated for the cytotoxicity of its main components and as a three-dimensional biological scaffold for MSCs to repair a critical femur defect in osteoporotic rats. Methods The cytotoxicity of HFS was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and transmission electron microscopy. The cells were cultured, characterized by flow cytometry and differentiated into the osteogenic lineage. Two-month-old rats underwent ovariectomy to induce OP. After 3 months, a 5 mm critical bone defect was made in the distal end of the rat femurs and filled with HFS; HFS + MSCs; and HFS + MSCs D (differentiated into the osteogenic lineage) to evaluate the effects. An injury control group (injury and no treatment) and blank control group (no injury and no treatment) were also included. The animals were observed at days 14 and 28 by microtomographic (micro-CT) analyses, histologic and biochemical analysis, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Results The results revealed that one of the compounds of HFS, the thrombin-like enzyme extracted from snake venom, had no cytotoxic effects on the MSCs. OP was successfully induced, as demonstrated by the significant differences in the levels of 17β-estradiol, Micro-CT analyses and alkaline phosphatase between the ovariectomized (OVX) and non-ovariectomized (NOVX) groups. The histological data revealed that at 14 days after surgery in both the OVX and NOVX animals, the HFS + CTMs and HFS + CTMsD showed a higher formation of bone cells at the site in relation to the control group (without treatment). Collagen formation was evidenced through bone neoformation in all treated and control groups. No morphological differences in the femurs of the NOVX and OVX animals were observed after the surgical procedure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the histological analysis. Conclusions The new HFS composed of two non-toxic components for MSCs showed capacity to promote the recovery of the bone lesions in OVX and NOVX animals at 14 days after surgery. In addition, the HFS enabled the differentiation of MSCs into MSCs D in the group treated with HFS + MSCs. Using the MSCs and/or MSCs D together with this biopharmaceutical could potentially enable significant advances in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures. Future clinical trials will be necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues Orsi
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Antônio Justulin
- Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Fernanda Zorzella Creste
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Eunice Oba
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ), UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Maia
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ), UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. .,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Li Y, Jin X, Mao L. Protective effect of catalpol on nicotine‑induced injury of alveolar bone and associated underlying mechanisms. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8345-8350. [PMID: 28944930 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is an important factor that causes periodontitis, which manifests as alveolar bone injury and absorption, and has a high incidence and unfavorable treatment efficacy. Nicotine causes ischemia and inflammation of the periodontium and inhibits the mineralization of alveolar bones. Previous studies have revealed the anti‑tumor biological activities of catalpol, in addition to neuroprotection and anti‑inflammation. The present study therefore investigated the underlying protective mechanism of catalpol in alveolar bone injury. A total of 24 Wistar rats were infused with nicotine (0.7 mg/kg for 30 days), followed by subcutaneous injection of catalpol (2 µg/kg for 14 days). The loss of alveolar bone was examined, and bone alkaline phosphatase (AP) and osteocalcin levels were examined by ELISA. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) was quantified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting. Treatment with nicotine decreased AP and osteocalcin levels, increased TNF‑α and COX‑2 expression levels, and led to alveolar bone loss compared with the control group. Catalpol decreased bone loss, increased AP and osteocalcin, and decreased TNF‑α and COX‑2 expression compared with the nicotine treatment group. Catalpol may alleviate nicotine‑induced injury and alveolar bone loss via inhibition of inflammatory factors, and facilitate the mineralization of alveolar bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Li
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xingai Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Limin Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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17
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Fallahnezhad S, Piryaei A, Darbandi H, Amini A, Ghoreishi SK, Jalalifirouzkouhi R, Bayat M. Effect of low‐level laser therapy and oxytocin on osteoporotic bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:983-997. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hasan Darbandi
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Bayat
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, and Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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18
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Hao L, Fu J, Tian Y, Wu J. Systematic analysis of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs for the identification of biomarkers for osteoporosis in the mandible of ovariectomized mice. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:689-702. [PMID: 28713971 PMCID: PMC5547976 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex and multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Post-menopausal women with endogenous estrogen deficiency suffer from systemic bone loss and osteoporosis, and are at high risk of this affecting the jaw bones. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been implicated in the mechanisms of metabolic bone diseases and are expressed at differential levels in alveolar bone following ovariectomy. In the present study, we systematically analyzed the expression profiles of miRNAs, mRNAs and long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in the mandible of ovariectomized (OVX) mice. A complex miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA regulatory network was constructed based on differentially expressed RNAs. Two core differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely, LRP2 binding protein (Lrp2bp) and perilipin 4 (Plin4), significantly influenced the network targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs. Moreover, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and insulin signaling pathways were significantly dysregulated in the mandible of OVX mice. Several differentially expressed lncRNAs were also implicated in the two signaling pathways, which influenced mandible development by forming competing endogenous RNA. On the whole, our data indicate that the comprehensive analysis of miRNAs, mRNAs and lncRNAs provides insight into the pathogenesis of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis in the mandible. This study proposes potential biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets for osteoporosis which may aid in the development of novel drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Hao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jiayao Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yawen Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Bayat M, Jalalifirouzkouhi A. Presenting a Method to Improve Bone Quality Through Stimulation of Osteoporotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Low-Level Laser Therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 2017. [PMID: 28621568 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to present a method to improve bone quality through stimulation of osteoporotic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by low-level laser therapy (LLLT). BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone strength, which results in an increased incidence of bone fractures. These fractures often lead to additional disability and mortality. Osteoporotic MSCs have reduced osteogenic differentiation when cultured in their standard differentiation media. LLLT has a biostimulatory effect on fibroblasts and osteoblasts. MSCs have the ability to generate cells of connective tissue lineages, which includes the bones. Recently, transplantation of in vitro cultured bone marrow (BM) MSCs into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone has resulted in improved bone structure. METHODS Comprehensive research was performed using PubMed, and biostimulatory effect of LLLT on bony cells and MSCs were studied. RESULTS LLLT can stimulate growth, proliferation, and differentiation of SCs in vitro and in vivo. This ability of LLLT is an essential prerequisite for performing experiments related to disease control in humans. Thus, laser-treated osteoporotic autologous BMMSCs may represent a promising therapeutic method to protect the bones in patients with OP and prevent fractures in these patients. Therefore, researchers hypothesize that transplantation of in vitro laser-treated autologous cultured osteoporotic BMMSCs that have the appropriate osteogenic phenotype into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone may result in improved bone structure. In this respect, investigators have successfully used LLLT to restore autologous osteoporotic MSCs in vitro. Subsequently, these cells have been differentiated into osteoblast cell lines with the use of laser treatment after which they were transplanted into osteoporotic animal models. CONCLUSIONS This technique might improve bone quality and structure. However, additional research must be undertaken to understand the underlying mechanisms of this treatment, validate its effectiveness, and assess the feasibility for clinical application of LLLT to treat MSCs in regeneration of osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bayat
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, and Biology and Anatomical Sciences Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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20
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Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells combined with parathyroid hormone therapy synergistically regenerates multiple rib fractures. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:51. [PMID: 28279202 PMCID: PMC5345153 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A devastating condition that leads to trauma-related morbidity, multiple rib fractures, remain a serious unmet clinical need. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to regenerate various tissues. We hypothesized that parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy would enhance MSC homing and differentiation, ultimately leading to bone formation that would bridge rib fractures. Methods The combination of human MSCs (hMSCs) and a clinically relevant PTH dose was studied using immunosuppressed rats. Segmental defects were created in animals’ fifth and sixth ribs. The rats were divided into four groups: a negative control group, in which animals received vehicle alone; the PTH-only group, in which animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 4 μg/kg teriparatide, a pharmaceutical derivative of PTH; the hMSC-only group, in which each animal received five injections of 2 × 106 hMSCs; and the hMSC + PTH group, in which animals received both treatments. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring of bone formation was performed biweekly using micro-computed tomography (μCT), followed by histological analysis. Results Fluorescently-dyed hMSCs were counted using confocal microscopy imaging of histological samples harvested 8 weeks after surgery. PTH significantly augmented the number of hMSCs that homed to the fracture site. Immunofluorescence of osteogenic markers, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein, showed that PTH induced cell differentiation in both exogenously administered cells and resident cells. μCT scans revealed a significant increase in bone volume only in the hMSC + PTH group, beginning by the 4th week after surgery. Eight weeks after surgery, 35% of ribs in the hMSC + PTH group had complete bone bridging, whereas there was complete bridging in only 6.25% of ribs (one rib) in the PTH-only group and in none of the ribs in the other groups. Based on the μCT scans, biomechanical analysis using the micro-finite element method demonstrated that the healed ribs were stiffer than intact ribs in torsion, compression, and bending simulations, as expected when examining bone callus composed of woven bone. Conclusions Administration of both hMSCs and PTH worked synergistically in rib fracture healing, suggesting this approach may pave the way to treat multiple rib fractures as well as additional fractures in various anatomical sites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0502-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Stavenschi E, Labour MN, Hoey DA. Oscillatory fluid flow induces the osteogenic lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells: The effect of shear stress magnitude, frequency, and duration. J Biomech 2017; 55:99-106. [PMID: 28256244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A potent regulator of bone anabolism is physical loading. However, it is currently unclear whether physical stimuli such as fluid shear within the marrow cavity is sufficient to directly drive the osteogenic lineage commitment of resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the objective of the study is to employ a systematic analysis of oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) parameters predicted to occur in vivo on early MSC osteogenic responses and late stage lineage commitment. MSCs were exposed to OFF of 1Pa, 2Pa and 5Pa magnitudes at frequencies of 0.5Hz, 1Hz and 2Hz for 1h, 2h and 4h of stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that OFF elicits a positive osteogenic response in MSCs in a shear stress magnitude, frequency, and duration dependent manner that is gene specific. Based on the mRNA expression of osteogenic markers Cox2, Runx2 and Opn after short-term fluid flow stimulation, we identified that a regime of 2Pa shear magnitude and 2Hz frequency induces the most robust and reliable upregulation in osteogenic gene expression. Furthermore, long-term mechanical stimulation utilising this regime, elicits a significant increase in collagen and mineral deposition when compared to static control demonstrating that mechanical stimuli predicted within the marrow is sufficient to directly drive osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marie-Noelle Labour
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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22
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TGFβ1 - induced recruitment of human bone mesenchymal stem cells is mediated by the primary cilium in a SMAD3-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35542. [PMID: 27748449 PMCID: PMC5066273 DOI: 10.1038/srep35542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a crucial process in the development, maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the body. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is a potent chemokine essential for the recruitment of MSCs in bone, coupling the remodelling cycle. The primary cilium is a sensory organelle with important roles in bone and has been associated with cell migration and more recently TGFβ signalling. Dysregulation of TGFβ signalling or cilia has been linked to a number of skeletal pathologies. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of the primary cilium in TGFβ1 signalling and associated migration in human MSCs. In this study we demonstrate that low levels of TGFβ1 induce the recruitment of MSCs, which relies on proper formation of the cilium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that receptors and downstream signalling components in canonical TGFβ signalling localize to the cilium and that TGFβ1 signalling is associated with activation of SMAD3 at the ciliary base. These findings demonstrate a novel role for the primary cilium in the regulation of TGFβ signalling and subsequent migration of MSCs, and highlight the cilium as a target to manipulate this key pathway and enhance MSC recruitment for the treatment of skeletal diseases.
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Yadav PS, Khan MP, Prashar P, Duggal S, Rath SK, Chattopadhyay N, Bandyopadhyay A. Characterization of BMP signaling dependent osteogenesis using a BMP depletable avianized bone marrow stromal cell line (TVA-BMSC). Bone 2016; 91:39-52. [PMID: 27424936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are BMP signaling dependent differentiation processes. However, the molecular networks operating downstream of BMP signaling to bring about these distinct fates are yet to be fully elucidated. We have developed a novel Bone Marrow Stromal Cell (BMSC) derived mouse cell line as a powerful in vitro platform to conduct such experiments. This cell line is a derivative of BMSCs isolated from a tamoxifen inducible Bmp2 and Bmp4 double conditional knock-out mouse strain. These BMSCs are immortalized and stably transfected with avian retroviral receptor TVA (TVA-BMSCs), enabling an easy method for stable transduction of multiple genes in these cells. In TVA-BMSCs multiple components of BMP signaling pathway can be manipulated simultaneously. Using this cell line we have demonstrated that for osteogenesis, BMP signaling is required only for the first three days. We have further demonstrated that Klf10, an osteogenic transcription factor which is transcribed in developing bones in a BMP signaling dependent manner, can largely compensate for the loss of BMP signaling during osteogenesis of BMSCs. TVA-BMSCs can undergo chondrogenesis and adipogenesis, and hence may be used for dissection of the molecular networks downstream of BMP signaling in these differentiation processes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Swaroop Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Paritosh Prashar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Shivali Duggal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
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24
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Fallahnezhad S, Piryaei A, Tabeie F, Nazarian H, Darbandi H, Amini A, Mostafavinia A, Ghorishi SK, Jalalifirouzkouhi A, Bayat M. Low-level laser therapy with helium-neon laser improved viability of osteoporotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:98002. [PMID: 27685702 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.098002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of helium–neon (He–Ne) and infrared (IR) lasers on the viability and proliferation rate of healthy and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic (OVX) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in vitro. MSCs harvested from the BM of healthy and OVX rats were culture expanded. He–Ne and IR lasers were applied three times at energy densities of 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4??J/cm2 for BMMSCs. BMMSCs viability and proliferation rate were evaluated by MTT assay on days 2, 4, 6, 14, and 21. The results showed that healthy BMMSCs responded optimally to 0.6??J/cm2 using an IR laser after three times of laser radiation. Moreover, it was found that OVX-BMMSCs responded optimally to 0.6??J/cm2 with He–Ne laser and one-time laser radiation. It is concluded that the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) effect depends on the physiological state of the BMMSCs, type of the laser, wavelength, and number of laser sessions. The biostimulation efficiency of LLLT also depends on the delivered energy density. LLLT can enhance the viability and proliferation rate of healthy and especially osteoporotic autologous BMMSCs, which could be very useful in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Faraj Tabeie
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, and School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Damavand Street across from Bu Ali Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Hasan Darbandi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Abdoldllah Amini
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Ataroalsadat Mostafavinia
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Ghorishi
- Qom University, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Old Road of Isfahan, Qom 3716146611, Iran
| | - Ali Jalalifirouzkouhi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Danshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, PO Box 19395/4719, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
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25
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Okada K, Kawao N, Yano M, Tamura Y, Kurashimo S, Okumoto K, Kojima K, Kaji H. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 mediates changes of bone marrow stem cells during the bone repair process. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E15-23. [PMID: 26530150 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00253.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and macrophages that participate in the bone repair process are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the roles of these stem cells during the repair of injured bone tissue are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of bone defect on HSCs and MSCs in bone marrow and spleen in 75 mice and its mechanism. We analyzed the HSC and MSC populations in these tissues of a mouse with femoral bone damage by using flow cytometry. The number of HSCs in the bone marrow of mice with damaged femurs was significantly lower than the number of these cells in the bone marrow of the contralateral intact femurs on day 2 after injury. Meanwhile, the number of MSCs in the bone marrow of mice with damaged femurs was significantly higher than that of the contralateral femurs. Both intraperitoneal administration of AMD3100, a C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist, and local treatment with an anti-stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) antibody blunted the observed decrease in HSC and increase in MSC populations within the bone marrow of injured femurs. In conclusion, the present study revealed that there is a concurrent decrease and increase in the numbers of HSCs and MSCs, respectively, in the bone marrow during repair of mouse femoral bone damage. Furthermore, the SDF-1/CXCR4 system was implicated as contributing to the changes in these stem cell populations upon bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Masato Yano
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Shinzi Kurashimo
- Life Science Research Institute, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotarou Kojima
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
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