1
|
Al Kalbani M, Serati M, Hofmann H, Ritchie T, Bore T. Optimizing in-situ CO 2 mineralisation: geomechanics and scalability in dunite and serpentinite rocks - Examples from Australia and New Zealand. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172277. [PMID: 38608887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The collective drive towards achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 has spurred interest in engineering solutions for carbon capture and storage worldwide. One such approach involves the permanent storage of CO2 in earth-abundant Ca-, Fe-, and Mg-bearing silicate rocks and minerals as carbonates via the process of CO2 mineralisation. This necessitates a thorough understanding of carbonate conversion under geologically relevant conditions. Nevertheless, research on CO2 injection for mineralisation via naturally fractured host rocks or induced fractures, with a research emphasis on rock mechanics and stimulated reservoir volumes (SRV) within geoengineering CO2 storage, is continuously expanding. This research addresses critical challenges related to identifying favourable geographic locations for CO2 mineralisation. It specifically focuses on the abundant availability of Mg, Ca, and Fe cations for exothermic CO2 reactions and their impact on fracture conductivity during in-situ mineralisation. A comprehensive analysis of 26 dunite and serpentinite samples from diverse locations in Australia and New Zealand, including 10 from a cored drilled hole, was conducted. Quantification of divalent cation (Mg, Ca, Fe) content and cation release capacity using XRF and XRD revealed higher cation percentages in dunite samples (approximately 30 %) compared to serpentinite samples (approximately 26 %). Additionally, the study estimated the stimulated rock mass-to-CO2 sequestered ratio, [Formula: see text] , with dunite samples averaging approximately 2.20 [Formula: see text] values and serpentinite samples averaging approximately 2.53. Geomechanical testing enabled the prediction of fracture propagation pressures during aqueous CO2 injection for in-situ mineralisation and the estimation of fracture geometries, emphasizing the role of rock stiffness in determining fracture width (averaging 6.0 mm). Furthermore, the research estimated the rock volume exposed to CO2-laden fluid during injection, particularly focusing on the GHQ-3 sample, which theoretically amounted to approximately 600 kg of rock capable of sequestering around 300 kg of CO2 for a 10 m3 fluid volume with a CO2 concentration of 1molkg-1. The study established a relationship between injected volume and CO2 uptake, suggesting the potential for significant CO2 sequestration scalability by employing horizontal wells and fracturing additional zones, thereby creating and intersecting multiple transverse fractures along a single target zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad Al Kalbani
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mehdi Serati
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Harald Hofmann
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia; CSIRO, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Tom Ritchie
- Hardie Pacific, 57 Leith Street, Dunedin, 9059, New Zealand
| | - Thierry Bore
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nohara NML, Ariza-Tarazona MC, Triboni ER, Nohara EL, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Cedillo-González EI. Are you drowned in microplastic pollution? A brief insight on the current knowledge for early career researchers developing novel remediation strategies. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170382. [PMID: 38307272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) composed of different polymers with various shapes, within a vast granulometric distribution (1 μm - 5 mm) and with a wide variety of physicochemical surface and bulk characteristics spiral around the globe, with different atmospheric, oceanic, cryospheric, and terrestrial residence times, while interacting with other pollutants and biota. The challenges of microplastic pollution are related to the complex relationships between the microplastic generation mechanisms (physical, chemical, and biological), their physicochemical properties, their interactions with other pollutants and microorganisms, the changes in their properties with aging, and their small sizes that facilitate their diffusion and transportation between the air, water, land, and biota, thereby promoting their ubiquity. Early career researchers (ERCs) constitute an essential part of the scientific community committed to overcoming the challenges of microplastic pollution with their new ideas and innovative scientific perspectives for the development of remediation technologies. However, because of the enormous amount of scientific information available, it may be difficult for ERCs to determine the complexity of this environmental issue. This mini-review aims to provide a quick and updated overview of the essential insights of microplastic pollution to ERCs to help them acquire the background needed to develop highly innovative physical, chemical, and biological remediation technologies, as well as valorization proposals and environmental education and awareness campaigns. Moreover, the recommendations for the development of holistic microplastic pollution remediation strategies presented here can help ERCs propose technologies considering the environmental, social, and practical dimensions of microplastic pollution while fulfilling the current government policies to manage this plastic waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Milhardo Lourenço Nohara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Eduardo Rezende Triboni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luís Nohara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Taubaté, R. Daniel Daneli, no number, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zamboulis DE, Marr N, Moustafa A, Meeson R, Orriss IR, Thorpe CT. Pathological calcification in canine tendon-derived cells is modulated by extracellular ATP. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10331-1. [PMID: 38381244 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Tendon calcification is a commonly associated with degenerative tendinopathy of the Achilles tendons in dogs. It is characterised by the formation of calcific deposits and is refractory to treatment, often re-forming after surgical removal. Little is known about its pathogenesis and therefore the aims of this study were to develop an in vitro model of canine tendon calcification and use this model to investigate mechanisms driving calcification. Cells from the canine Achilles tendon were cultured with different calcifying media to establish which conditions were best able to induce specific, cell-mediated calcification. Once optimum calcification conditions had been established, the effect of ATP treatment on calcification was assessed. Results revealed that 2 mM di-sodium phosphate combined with 2 mM calcium chloride provided the optimum calcifying conditions, increasing calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic-related genes similar to those observed in tendon calcification in vivo. ATP treatment inhibited calcification in a dose-dependent manner, reducing calcium deposition and increasing cell viability, while osteogenic-related genes were no longer upregulated. In conclusion, the in vitro model of canine tendon calcification developed in this study provides the ability to study mechanisms driving tendon calcification, demonstrating that ATP plays a role in modulating tendon calcification that should be explored further in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danae E Zamboulis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaolinki, Greece
| | - Neil Marr
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Alaa Moustafa
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elshiekh University, Kafr Elshiekh, Egypt
| | - Richard Meeson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK
| | - Chavaunne T Thorpe
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin ST, Peter VG, Schiavo S, Pokora R, Patrick H, Bolas N, Foote AK, Sargan DR, Murray RC. Identification of Heterotopic Mineralization and Adjacent Pathology in the Equine Fetlock Region by Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cone-Beam and Fan-Beam Computed Tomography. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104252. [PMID: 36796738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic mineralization in equine distal limbs has been considered an incidental finding and little is known about its imaging features. The study aimed to identify heterotopic mineralization and adjacent pathology in the fetlock region with cone-beam (CB) computed tomography (CT), fan-beam (FB) CT, and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Images from 12 equine cadaver limbs were examined for heterotopic mineralization and adjacent pathology and verified by macro-examination. Retrospective review of the CBCT/MR images from 2 standing horses was also included. CBCT and FBCT identified twelve mineralization's with homogeneous hyperattenuation: oblique-sesamoidean-ligament (5) without macroscopic abnormality; deep-digital-flexor-tendon (1) and suspensory-branch (6) with macroscopic abnormalities. MRI failed to identify all mineralization's, but detected suspensory branch splitting, and T2 and STIR hyperintensity in 4 suspensory-branches and 3 oblique-sesamoidean-ligaments. Macro-examination found corresponding disruption/splitting and discoloration. All modalities identified 7 ossified fragments showing cortical/trabecular pattern: capsular (1), palmar sagittal ridge (1), proximal phalanx (2) without macroscopic abnormality, and proximal sesamoid bones (3). On MRI, fragments were most identifiable on T1 images. All abaxial avulsions had suspensory-branch splitting on T1 images with T2 and STIR hyperintensity. Macro-examination showed ligament disruption/splitting and discoloration. Suspensory-branch/intersesamoidean ligament mineralization's were identified by CBCT in standing cases; 1 had associated T2 hyperintensity. Both CT systems were generally superior in identifying heterotopic mineralization's than MRI, while MRI provided information on soft tissue pathology related to the lesions, which may be important for management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ting Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Vanessa G Peter
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, Newmarket, UK
| | - Stefano Schiavo
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, Newmarket, UK
| | - Rachel Pokora
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, Newmarket, UK
| | - Hayley Patrick
- Swayne and Partners Veterinary Surgeons, Bury Saint Edmunds, UK
| | - Nick Bolas
- Hallmarq Veterinary Imaging, Guildford, UK
| | | | - David R Sargan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel C Murray
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, Newmarket, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knapp WJ, Stevenson EI, Renforth P, Ascough PL, Knight ACG, Bridgestock L, Bickle MJ, Lin Y, Riley AL, Mayes WM, Tipper ET. Quantifying CO 2 Removal at Enhanced Weathering Sites: a Multiproxy Approach. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37340979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced weathering is a carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation strategy that promises large scale atmospheric CO2 removal. The main challenge associated with enhanced weathering is monitoring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) the amount of carbon removed as a result of enhanced weathering reactions. Here, we study a CO2 mineralization site in Consett, Co. Durham, UK, where steel slags have been weathered in a landscaped deposit for over 40 years. We provide new radiocarbon, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr, and major element data in waters, calcite precipitates, and soils to quantify the rate of carbon removal. We demonstrate that measuring the radiocarbon activity of CaCO3 deposited in waters draining the slag deposit provides a robust constraint on the carbon source being sequestered (80% from the atmosphere, 2σ = 8%) and use downstream alkalinity measurements to determine the proportion of carbon exported to the ocean. The main phases dissolving in the slag are hydroxide minerals (e.g., portlandite) with minor contributions (<3%) from silicate minerals. We propose a novel method for quantifying carbon removal rates at enhanced weathering sites, which is a function of the radiocarbon-apportioned sources of carbon being sequestered, and the proportion of carbon being exported from the catchment to the oceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Knapp
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emily I Stevenson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Renforth
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa L Ascough
- NEIF Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow G75 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair C G Knight
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Bridgestock
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Bickle
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yongjie Lin
- MNR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Alex L Riley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - William M Mayes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T Tipper
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nandy N, Pasupathi A, Subramaniam Y, Nachimuthu S. Eliminating ciprofloxacin antibiotic contamination from water with a novel submerged thermal plasma technology. Chemosphere 2023; 326:138470. [PMID: 36958495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal plasma is successfully used to degrade the model pharmaceutical wastewater ciprofloxacin (CIP) under submerged operating conditions at atmospheric pressure. The model aqueous solution is prepared for two different concentrations (10 and 25 mg/L) and treated separately at 7 kW discharge power with two different plasma-forming gas compositions, Ar/Air and Ar/CO2. A direct current (DC) hollow cathode plasma torch produces a thermal plasma jet inside the solution. The effect of plasma gas compositions on the CIP degradation process is investigated, and the corresponding degradation and mineralisation efficiencies for different treatment times are systematically compared using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, respectively. Submerged Ar/CO2 plasma shows higher degradation and mineralisation efficiency than the Ar/Air plasma. Energy yields of 74.32 mg/kWh and 176.98 mg/kWh are achieved for a 5-min treatment by Ar/CO2 submerged thermal plasma at concentrations of 10 mg/L and 25 mg/L, respectively. The degradation of CIP by submerged plasma shows a resemblance with first-order reaction kinetics having reaction rates 0.149 min-1 and 0.073 min-1 for Ar/CO2 and Ar/Air, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are used to identify the various reactive sites on CIP, and the results are consistent with the formation of various intermediates detected through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. These findings suggest that reactive species formed through thermal and photochemical processes in submerged thermal plasma play a significant role in the degradation of CIP. This study also offers a possible way of using CO2 gas in wastewater treatment using submerged thermal plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanditta Nandy
- Applied Thermal Plasma Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Amarnath Pasupathi
- Applied Thermal Plasma Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Yugeswaran Subramaniam
- Applied Thermal Plasma Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li T, Lu Y, Liu L, He Y, Huang J, Peng X. Efficient degradation of hexabromocyclododecane using montmorillonite supported nano-zero-valent iron and Citrobacter sp. Y3. J Hazard Mater 2023; 457:131739. [PMID: 37269562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with organohalide-degrading bacteria provides a promising solution for the remediation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)-contaminated environments. However, the interactions between modified nZVI and dehalogenase bacteria are intricate, and the mechanisms of synergistic action and electron transfer are not clear, and requires further specific investigation. In this study, HBCD was used as a model pollutant, and stable isotope analysis revealed that organic montmorillonite (OMt)-supported nZVI coupled with the degrading bacterial strain Citrobacter sp. Y3 (nZVI/OMt-Y3) can use [13C]HBCD as the sole carbon source and degrade or even mineralise it into 13CO2 with a maximum conversion rate of 100% within approximately 5 days. Analysis of the intermediates showed that the degradation of HBCD mainly involves three different pathways: dehydrobromination, hydroxylation, and debromination. The proteomics results showed that nZVI introduction promoted the transport of electrons and debromination. Combining the results from XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy with the analysis results of proteinomics and biodegradation products, we verified the process of electron transport and proposed a metabolic mechanism of HBCD degradation by the nZVI/OMt-Y3. Moreover, this study provides insightful avenues and models for the further remediation of HBCD and other similar pollutants in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyuan Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingfei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xingxing Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dlamini JC, Cardenas LM, Tesfamariam EH, Dunn RM, Evans J, Hawkins JMB, Blackwell MSA, Collins AL. Soil CO 2 emissions in cropland with fodder maize ( Zea mays L.) with and without riparian buffer strips of differing vegetation. Agrofor Syst 2022; 96:983-995. [PMID: 36164326 PMCID: PMC9504891 DOI: 10.1007/s10457-022-00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetated land areas play a significant role in determining the fate of carbon (C) in the global C cycle. Riparian buffer vegetation is primarily implemented for water quality purposes as they attenuate pollutants from immediately adjacent croplands before reaching freashwater systems. However, their prevailing conditions may sometimes promote the production and subsequent emissions of soil carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite this, the understanding of soil CO2 emissions from riparian buffer vegetation and a direct comparison with adjacent croplands they serve remain elusive. In order to quantify the extent of CO2 emissions in such an agro system, we measured CO2 emissions simultaneously with soil and environmental variables for six months in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising of maize cropping served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) a novel grass riparian buffer; (ii) a willow riparian buffer, and; (iii) a woodland riparian buffer. These buffered treatments were compared with a no-buffer control. The woodland (322.9 ± 3.1 kg ha- 1) and grass (285 ± 2.7 kg ha- 1) riparian buffer treatments (not significant to each other) generated significantly (p = < 0.0001) the largest CO2 compared to the remainder of the treatments. Our results suggest that during maize production in general, the woodland and grass riparian buffers serving a maize crop pose a CO2 threat. The results of the current study point to the need to consider the benefits for gaseous emissions of mitigation measures conventionally implemented for improving the sustainability of water resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Dlamini
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - L. M. Cardenas
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - E. H. Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - R. M. Dunn
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - J. Evans
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - J. M. B. Hawkins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - M. S. A. Blackwell
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - A. L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phillips IR, Courtney R. Long term field trials demonstrate sustainable nutrient supply and uptake in rehabilitated bauxite residue. Sci Total Environ 2022; 804:150134. [PMID: 34509849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a sustainable vegetation cover is one of the most important steps in progressive rehabilitation and final closure of ore-processing residues and tailings facilities. Sustainable rehabilitation partly depends on establishing and maintaining a supply of plant-available nutrients, but few long term field studies demonstrating the success or failure of rehabilitation of degraded land such as mineral processing tailings have been reported. Bauxite-processing residues are a highly sodic, highly alkaline, nutrient-poor by-product generated from alumina extraction, and pose many challenges for successful rehabilitation. This study investigated long term performance of rehabilitation established on bauxite-processing residue storage areas (RSAs) by comparing the nutrient content of the vegetation cover with nutrient concentrations in the underlying residue sand. Five plant species having diverse physiology were selected from rehabilitation varying in age from 1 to 10 years old; these being: Hardenbergia comptoniana - a vigorous growing legume ground cover/creeper), Acacia cochlearis and A. rostellifera - legume shrubs tolerant of sandy, alkaline conditions, Grevillea crithmifolia - a drought-tolerant proteaceous shrub tolerant of alkaline soil, and Spyridium globulosum - a robust, fast-growing shrub, commonly found on alkaline coastal soils. Gypsum incorporation reduced the pH and soluble aluminium levels in residue sand, but also acted as a long-term source of nutrients for the vegetation cover. Legume species contained more nitrogen than non-legumes (2.5% N and 1.5% N, respectively), and decomposition of surface litter increased organic carbon and total and mineral nitrogen contents of the residue sand over time. Nutrient cycling maintained a supply of macro- and micro- nutrients for the vegetation cover, and 10-year old rehabilitation exhibited characteristics similar to an analogue site. This study highlighted the importance of organic matter accumulation, developing a functional microbial community, and a diverse plant species mix on transforming the residue sand characteristics and encouraging nutrient cycling as key mechanisms for establishing a sustainable vegetation cover and functional ecosystem on residue sand embankments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I R Phillips
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia; Alcoa of Australia Limited, Pinjarra, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Courtney
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Staines KA, Myers K, Little K, Ralston SH, Farquharson C. Proton Pump Inhibitors Inhibit PHOSPHO1 Activity and Matrix Mineralisation In Vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:696-705. [PMID: 34213594 PMCID: PMC8531085 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures in pharmaco-epidemiological studies. The mechanism is unclear, but it has been speculated that by neutralising gastric acid, they may reduce intestinal calcium absorption, causing secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone loss. Here we investigated that hypothesis that the skeletal effects of PPI might be mediated by inhibitory effects on the bone-specific phosphatase PHOSPHO1. We found that the all PPIs tested inhibited the activity of PHOSPHO1 with IC50 ranging between 0.73 µM for esomeprazole to 19.27 µM for pantoprazole. In contrast, these PPIs did not inhibit TNAP activity. We also found that mineralisation of bone matrix in primary osteoblast cultures was inhibited by several PPIs in a concentration dependent manner. In contrast, the histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) nizatidine, famotidine, cimetidine and ranitidine had no inhibitory effects on PHOSPHO1 activity. Our experiments show for the first time that PPIs inhibit PHOSPHO1 activity and matrix mineralisation in vitro revealing a potential mechanism by which these widely used drugs are associated with the risk of fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Staines
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Katherine Myers
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirsty Little
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bose S, Kumar PS, Vo DVN. A review on the microbial degradation of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP. Chemosphere 2021; 283:131447. [PMID: 34467951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) falls under the category of organophosphorus pesticides which are in huge demand in the agricultural sector. Overuse of this pesticide has led to the degradation of the quality of terrestrial and aquatic life. The chemical is moderately persistent in the environment but its primary metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) is comparatively highly persistent. Thus, it is important to degrade the chemical and there are many proposed techniques of degradation. Out of which bioremediation is considered to be highly cost-effective and efficient. Many previous studies have attempted to isolate appropriate microbial strains to degrade CPF which established the fact that chlorine atoms released while mineralising TCP inhibits further proliferation of microorganisms. Thus, it has been increasingly important to experiment with strains that can simultaneously degrade both CPF and TCP. In this review paper, the need for degrading CPF specifically the problems related to it has been discussed elaborately. Alongside these, the metabolism pathways undertaken by different kinds of microorganisms have been included. This paper also gives a detailed insight into the potential strains of microorganisms which has been confirmed through experiments conducted previously. It can be concluded that a wide range of microorganisms has to be studied to understand the possibility of applying bioremediation in wastewater treatment to remove pesticide residues. In addition to this, in the case of recalcitrant pesticides, options of treating it with hybrid techniques like bioremediation clubbed with photocatalytic biodegradation can be attempted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchali Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu J, Ma L, Dong W, Du G, Dang X. Effect of Urolithin A on Bone Repair in Mice with Bone Defects. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021. [PMID: 34694576 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone defect difficult to manage clinically and it is a big challenge to repair it. Secondary metabolites source from herb has shown potential for the treatment of bone defect. METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from mice and incubated with urolithin A (UA) (10, 25, and 50 µg/mL). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to estimate apoptosis and mineralisation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase assay and alizarin red S staining. A middle femoral defect was induced in mice and bone tissue was prepared for endochondral ossification by treating with UA. The effect of UA was estimated by determining markers of osteoblast proliferation in serum and micro-computed tomography to analyse bone defects. RESULTS UA enhanced mineralisation of MSCs and osteogenic gene markers in MSCs in vitro. Also, the bone defect score and bone mineral density were improved by UA. Moreover, UA ameliorated the altered Wnt3a protein and histopathological changes in bone defect mice. CONCLUSION Presented report conclude that UA enhances osteoblast proliferation in bone-defect mice by activating the Wnt pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Maher M, Castilho M, Yue Z, Glattauer V, Hughes TC, Ramshaw JAM, Wallace GG. Shaping collagen for engineering hard tissues: Towards a printomics approach. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:41-61. [PMID: 34192571 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hard tissue engineering has evolved over the past decades, with multiple approaches being explored and developed. Despite the rapid development and success of advanced 3D cell culture, 3D printing technologies and material developments, a gold standard approach to engineering and regenerating hard tissue substitutes such as bone, dentin and cementum, has not yet been realised. One such strategy that differs from conventional regenerative medicine approach of other tissues, is the in vitro mineralisation of collagen templates in the absence of cells. Collagen is the most abundant protein within the human body and forms the basis of all hard tissues. Once mineralised, collagen provides important support and protection to humans, for example in the case of bone tissue. Multiple in vitro fabrication strategies and mineralisation approaches have been developed and their success in facilitating mineral deposition on collagen to achieve bone-like scaffolds evaluated. Critical to the success of such fabrication and biomineralisation approaches is the collagen template, and its chemical composition, organisation, and density. The key factors that influence such properties are the collagen processing and fabrication techniques utilised to create the template, and the mineralisation strategy employed to deposit mineral on and throughout the templates. However, despite its importance, relatively little attention has been placed on these two critical factors. Here, we critically examine the processing, fabrication and mineralisation strategies that have been used to mineralise collagen templates, and offer insights and perspectives on the most promising strategies for creating mineralised collagen scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we highlight the critical need to fabricate collagen templates with advanced processing techniques, in a manner that achieves biomimicry of the hierarchical collagen structure, prior to utilising in vitro mineralisation strategies. To this end, we focus on the initial collagen that is selected, the extraction techniques used and the native fibril forming potential retained to create reconstituted collagen scaffolds. This review synthesises current best practises in material sourcing, processing, mineralisation strategies and fabrication techniques, and offers insights into how these can best be exploited in future studies to successfully mineralise collagen templates.
Collapse
|
14
|
Niu JY, Yin IX, Wu WKK, Li QL, Mei ML, Chu CH. A novel dual-action antimicrobial peptide for caries management. J Dent 2021; 111:103729. [PMID: 34146653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a novel dual-action peptide with antimicrobial and mineralising properties. METHODS A novel peptide, namely GA-KR12, was synthesised through grafting gallic acid to KR12. The secondary structure of GA-KR12 was evaluated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The stability was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by a mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity assay. The antimicrobial properties against common cariogenic species were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). The morphology of cariogenic species was analysed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). To assess the mineralising effect of GA-KR12 on enamel, the lesion depths, mineral loss, surface morphology, calcium-to-phosphorus ratio and crystal characteristics were determined using micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray diffraction, respectively. RESULTS GA-KR12 did not exhibit cytotoxicity against HGF. Around 82% of the GA-KR12 remained in human saliva at 37°C for 1 h. The MIC and MBC/MFC against the tested species were 10-320 μM and 20-1,280 μM, respectively. GA-KR12 induced remarkable morphological defects in the tested species. The enamel treated with GA-KR12 had smaller lesion depths (p < 0.001), less mineral loss (p < 0.001) and higher calcium-to-phosphorus molar ratios (p < 0.001) than those in the enamel treated with water. SEM showed a well-organised prism pattern in enamel treated with GA-KR12. X-ray diffraction revealed that the hydroxyapatite on the enamel treated with GA-KR12 was better crystalised. CONCLUSIONS This study developed a biocompatible and stable peptide which inhibited the growth of cariogenic species and mineralised the enamel caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The novel dual-action peptide, GA-KR12, is potential applicable in the management of caries.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bilotto F, Harrison MT, Migliorati MDA, Christie KM, Rowlings DW, Grace PR, Smith AP, Rawnsley RP, Thorburn PJ, Eckard RJ. Can seasonal soil N mineralisation trends be leveraged to enhance pasture growth? Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145031. [PMID: 33578140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil N mineralisation is the process by which organic N is converted into plant-available forms, while soil N immobilisation is the transformation of inorganic soil N into organic matter and microbial biomass, thereafter becoming bio-unavailable to plants. Mechanistic models can be used to explore the contribution of mineralised or immobilised N to pasture growth through simulation of plant, soil and environment interactions driven by management. PURPOSE Our objectives were (1) to compare the performance of three agro-ecosystems models (APSIM, DayCent and DairyMod) in simulating soil N, pasture biomass and soil water using the same experimental data in three diverse environments (2), to determine if tactical application of N fertiliser in different seasons could be used to leverage seasonal trends in N mineralisation to influence pasture growth and (3), to explore the sensitivity of N mineralisation to changes in N fertilisation, cutting frequency and irrigation rate. KEY RESULTS Despite considerable variation in model sophistication, no model consistently outperformed the other models with respect to simulation of soil N, shoot biomass or soil water. Differences in the accuracy of simulated soil NH4 and NO3 were greater between sites than between models and overall, all models simulated cumulative N2O well. While tactical N application had immediate effects on NO3, NH4, N mineralisation and pasture growth, no long-term relationship between mineralisation and pasture growth could be discerned. It was also shown that N mineralisation of DayCent was more sensitive to N fertiliser and cutting frequency compared with the other models. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that while superfluous N fertilisation generally stimulates immobilisation and a pulse of N2O emissions, subsequent effects through N mineralisation/immobilisation effects on pasture growth are variable. We suggest that further controlled environment soil incubation research may help separate successive and overlapping cycles of mineralisation and immobilisation that make it difficult to diagnose long-term implications for (and associations with) pasture growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Bilotto
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 16-20 Mooreville Rd, Burnie, Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 16-20 Mooreville Rd, Burnie, Australia.
| | - Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Science and Technology Division, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, EcoSciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Karen M Christie
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 16-20 Mooreville Rd, Burnie, Australia
| | - David W Rowlings
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peter R Grace
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Andrew P Smith
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; ICRISAT, Patancheru, 502 324, Telangana, India
| | - Richard P Rawnsley
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 16-20 Mooreville Rd, Burnie, Australia
| | | | - Richard J Eckard
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cueff S, Alletto L, Dumény V, Benoit P, Pot V. Adsorption and degradation of the herbicide nicosulfuron in a stagnic Luvisol and Vermic Umbrisol cultivated under conventional or conservation agriculture. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:15934-15946. [PMID: 33245539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main goals of conservation agriculture are to enhance soil fertility and reduce soil degradation, especially through erosion. However, conservation agriculture practices can increase the risk of contamination by pesticides, mainly through vertical transfer via water flow. Better understanding of their sorption and degradation processes is thus needed in conservation agriculture as they control the amount of pesticide available for vertical transfer. The purpose of our study was to investigate the sorption and degradation processes of nicosulfuron in soil profiles (up to 90 cm deep) of a Vermic Umbrisol and a Stagnic Luvisol managed either in conventional or in conservation agriculture. Two laboratory sorption and incubation experiments were performed. Low sorption was observed regardless of the soil type, agricultural management or depth, with a maximum value of 1.3 ± 2.0 L kg-1. By the end of the experiment (91 days), nicosulfuron mineralisation in the Vermic Umbrisol was similar for the two types of agricultural management and rather depended on soil depth (29.0 ± 2.3% in the 0-60-cm layers against 7.5 ± 1.4% in the 60-90 cm). In the Stagnic Luvisol, nicosulfuron mineralisation reached similar value in every layer of the conservation agriculture plot (26.5% ± 0.7%). On the conventional tillage plot, mineralisation decreased in the deepest layer (25-60 cm) reaching only 18.4 ± 6.9% of the applied nicosulfuron. Regardless of the soil type or agricultural management, non-extractable residue formation was identified as the main dissipation process of nicosulfuron (45.1 ± 8.5% and 50.2 ± 7.0% under conventional and conservation agriculture respectively after 91 days). In our study, nicosulfuron behaved similarly in the Vermic Umbrisol regardless of the agricultural management, whereas the risk of transfer to groundwater seemed lower in the Stagnic Luvisol under conservation agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixtine Cueff
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR AGIR, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Lionel Alletto
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR AGIR, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Valérie Dumény
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Pierre Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Valérie Pot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Elangovan M, Bharathaiyengar SM, PonnanEttiyappan J. Photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac using TiO 2-CdS heterojunction catalysts under visible light irradiation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:18186-18200. [PMID: 33403641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the photocatalytic degradation of analgesic drug diclofenac using the hydrothermally prepared TiO2-CdS heterojunction catalyst. The results suggest that the prepared catalysts exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation kinetics were well fitted to the pseudo-first-order reaction. The apparent reaction rate constant for TC5 catalyst in the diclofenac degradation was 0.02316 min-1. Mineralisation of diclofenac using TC5 photocatalyst was around 86% within 4 h of irradiation time. The operating parameters such as optimal catalyst dosage, apparent solution pH and the effect of initial diclofenac concentration were also studied using the TC5 catalyst. The role of active species in the degradation mechanism was elucidated and it was found that the hydroxyl radical is the main active species in the diclofenac degradation mechanism. The charge transfer between heterojunction catalysts is facilitated by direct Z-scheme heterojunction structure. The coupled photocatalysts also showed good photochemical stability and reusability over five successive reaction cycles. The tentative degradation pathway has been devised based on LC-MS peaks, and it is found that only m/z 224, m/z 178 and m/z 124 were persisted at the end of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mugunthan Elangovan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Holzmann H, Prehm MS, Schäffer A. Comparison of different versions of simulation studies following OECD 309 using 14C-labelled ionic compounds - Does it make a difference? Sci Total Environ 2021; 753:142101. [PMID: 33207483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simulation studies following OECD guideline 309 (Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test) are performed to determine the biodegradation of chemicals in surface water. The aim of our study was to perform different versions of this test to identify possible shortcomings. In order to investigate the influence of a chemical charge on the degradation, we used 14C-labelled 4-n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (14C-DS-), 4-n-dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (14C-DA+) and 4-n-dodecylphenol (14C-DP) Additionally, abiotic degradation of these compounds and the effectiveness of different sterilization methods was assessed. The sampling technique of withdrawing sub-samples provided insufficient recoveries for 14C-DS- and 14C-DP which were mainly below 80% of applied radioactivity (AR). Therefore, the suspended sediment test was repeated using 14C-DS-, 14C-DA+ and 14C-DP and whole flasks were harvested at each sampling time resulting in superior recoveries. For 14C-DS- and 14C-DP, mineralisation was the major route of dissipation with 14CO2 evolution of 75.3% and 69.0% AR, respectively, after 62 days. Mineralisation of 14C-DA+ accounted for only 6.7% AR. Non-extractable residues (NER) of all compounds were similar after 62 days (7.3% - 9.2% AR). Sterile test conditions were best achieved using γ-irradiated sediment and autoclaved water treated with sodium azide. Under sterile conditions, mineralisation of the test compounds as well as NER formation of 14C-DS- and 14C-DP were negligible, whereas small amounts of NER were formed for 14C-DA+ (5.5% AR). We showed that OECD guideline 309 provides too much scope for the experimental setup which affects the outcome of the test and thus, needs further refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holzmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Maike Sophia Prehm
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Svendsen SB, Carvalho PN, Bollmann UE, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Albers CN, Strobel BW, Jacobsen CS, Bester K. A comparison of the fate of diflufenican in agricultural sandy soil and gravel used in urban areas. Sci Total Environ 2020; 715:136803. [PMID: 32069738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diflufenican is used in both agricultural and urban areas to control weeds. However, in Europe pesticides are regulated using agricultural soil data only. Urban soils where the top layer is replaced by gravel (e.g. driveways, outdoor tiled areas) can evidently differ from agricultural soils in many biotic and physical properties. In the present study, we compared the degradation, mineralization, sorption and aging of diflufenican between an agricultural sandy soil to a gravel used in urban areas. Both diflufenican and its two main aerobic metabolites were investigated. Diflufenican and the metabolites degraded slower in gravel than in agricultural soil. One of the metabolites, 2-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]nicotinic acid (AE B107137 as identified by EFSA; further abbreviated as AE-B), was formed from the incubation of diflufenican in both soil and gravel, however, showing different formation patterns in the two materials: No accumulation of AE-B was determined in the soil, whereas in gravel, an accumulation of AE-B was determined over the full study period of 150 days. After 150 days, approximately 10% of the applied diflufenican was mineralised in the soil (cumulative), while it was not mineralised in the gravel. Diflufenican showed much stronger sorption to the soil than to the gravel, while the sorption of the metabolites was weaker than diflufenican in both soil and gravel. Within the experimental period, the influence of aging on the fate of diflufenican in soil and gravel is limited (<0.9 and <1.4%, respectively) when compared to the amount of compound still present in the soil. Overall, the results imply shortcomings in the risk assessment procedures requested for the registration of pesticides for urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sif B Svendsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Ulla E Bollmann
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Lea Ellegaard-Jensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Christian N Albers
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 København K, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Carsten S Jacobsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Extracellular pyrophosphate (ePPi) was first identified as a key endogenous inhibitor of mineralisation in the 1960's by Fleisch and colleagues. The main source of ePPi seems to be extracellular ATP which is continually released from cells in a controlled way. ATP is rapidly broken down by enzymes including ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases to produce ePPi. The major function of ePPi is to directly inhibit hydroxyapatite formation and growth meaning that this simple molecule acts as the body's own "water softener". However, studies have also shown that ePPi can influence gene expression and regulate its own production and breakdown. This review will summarise our current knowledge of ePPi metabolism and how it acts to prevent pathological soft tissue calcification and regulate physiological bone mineralisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cano JR, Crespo PV, Cruz E, Rivas-Ruiz F, Sánchez-Quevedo MC, Guerado E, Campos A. Is the bone tissue of the femoral neck demineralised in patients with hip fracture? Injury 2020; 51 Suppl 1:S4-S11. [PMID: 32143855 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish the falsifiability of the "osteoporotic hypothesis" for hip fracture, according to which the bone density and mineral composition of bone tissue in patients with hip fracture is poorer than when no such fracture is present, and that this circumstance is relevant to the occurrence of a fracture. The study population consisted of forty patients treated with arthroplasty. Twenty patients with femoral neck fracture and another twenty with hip osteoarthritis received the same diagnostic protocol and the same antibiotic, anaesthetic, surgical and antithrombotic prophylaxis. Levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and vitamin D in blood, amongst other values, were determined, and five samples of bone tissue from the proximal femoral metaphysis were obtained and characterised by optical microscopy and microanalytical analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to the trabecular number, area or thickness, or inter-trabecular distance. However, there were differences in the length of the trabeculae, which was greater in the patients with hip osteoarthritis (p = 0.002), but not when the groups were compared by gender. When compared by age, a greater inter-trabecular distance was observed in the patients aged over 75 years (p = 0.036) but there were no differences in the remaining parameters. Serum levels of Ca (p = 0.03), P (p < 0.01) and vitamin D (p < 0.01) were lower in the fracture group. In the quantitative microanalytical analysis, no significant differences were observed in bone levels of Ca or P or in the Ca/P index, nor was there any correlation between serum and levels of bone Ca or P (Ca-0.197:p = 0.314;P-0.274:p = 0.158).Multiple linear regression revealed no correlation between the diagnoses, vitamin D and bone levels of Ca or P. Despite the reduced serum levels of Ca and P in the patients with hip fracture, no correlation was observed with bone levels of Ca and P,which were similar in both groups. There were differences in the organic bone structure, in terms of length and inter-trabecular distance. For patients with osteoporosis, treatment should be aimed at increasing the synthesis of bone trabeculae to reinforce their structure. Nevertheless, no such treatment can prevent falls, and therefore no reduction in hip fractures amongst this population can be assured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Málaga, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
| | - P V Crespo
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Cruz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Málaga, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - F Rivas-Ruiz
- Research Support Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, REDIDDEC, Marbella, (Spain)
| | - M C Sánchez-Quevedo
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Guerado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Málaga, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Navarro DA, Kah M, Losic D, Kookana RS, McLaughlin MJ. Mineralisation and release of 14C-graphene oxide (GO) in soils. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124558. [PMID: 31442772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) have been touted as miracle materials due to their extraordinary properties that can benefit many industries, including in agriculture and for environmental remediation. While improvement in nutrient delivery and the ability to adsorb environmental contaminants have been demonstrated, what happens to GNMs in soil is a question that has not been addressed. The main aim of this study was to investigate their degradation in soil to have a better understanding of their environmental fate. Using radioisotope techniques, this study assessed the potential mineralisation and release of graphene oxide (GO), one of the most commonly used forms of graphene. Results revealed that the conversion of GO to carbon dioxide was negligible (<2%) in microbially-active soils. GO remaining in soil was also not readily released by water extractions. The lack of mineralisation and release is indicative of GO's high (bio)degradation stability which is likely due to its limited availability resulting from its rapid homo/hetero-aggregation. Over-all, the results provide new and important information on the environmental fate of graphene nanomaterials applied to soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divina A Navarro
- CSIRO Land and Water, Contaminants & Biotechnology Program, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia; University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Locked Bag 1, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia.
| | - Mélanie Kah
- University of Auckland, School of Environment, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Dusan Losic
- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Contaminants & Biotechnology Program, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia; University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Locked Bag 1, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khomenko O, Dotro G, Jefferson B, Coulon F, Bajón Fernández Y. Influence of sludge layer properties on the hydraulic behaviour of gravel-based vertical flow constructed wetlands for primary treatment of sewage. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:1137-1143. [PMID: 31466195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sludge accumulation on the first stage of French design vertical flow constructed wetlands has been reported to improve treatment performance by favouring even sewage distribution on the beds' surface and increasing water retention time. However, due to its relatively low permeability, sludge layer can restrict the hydraulic capacity of the wetlands, requiring careful consideration of the feeding and resting strategy in order to avoid system ponding. This study aimed to elucidate the impact that sludge layer properties have on its permeability and investigate artificial modifications that could enhance it. A positive impact of increased organic matter content on sludge permeability was observed, with a 3-times permeability increase for a 15 percentage points higher volatile solids content. The opposite effect was observed for total solids, where an increase of 19 percentage points led to a drop of 1.6 × 10-16 m2 on permeability. The impact of different surface modifications on drying kinetics and sludge layer properties was studied as a means to accelerate sludge layer mineralisation. Artificial modifications that modify surface tension of the sludge layer have been proved to achieve greater permeability and faster mineralisation of the sludge, with potential to achieve higher hydraulic acceptance and reduced operational costs (lower sludge accumulation) if implemented in full scale vertical flow constructed wetlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Khomenko
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - G Dotro
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - B Jefferson
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - F Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - Y Bajón Fernández
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK430AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Corrigan MA, Coyle S, Eichholz KF, Riffault M, Lenehan B, Hoey DA. Aged Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Demonstrate Defective Recruitment, Mechanosensitivity, and Matrix Deposition. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:83-96. [PMID: 31655814 DOI: 10.1159/000503444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation requires the replenishment of the osteoblast from a progenitor or stem cell population, which must be recruited, expanded, and differentiated to ensure continued anabolism. How this occurs and whether it is altered in the osteoporotic environment is poorly understood. Furthermore, given that emerging treatments for osteoporosis are targeting this progenitor population, it is critical to determine the regenerative capacity of this cell type in the setting of osteoporosis. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) from a cohort of aged osteoporotic patients were compared to MSCs isolated from healthy donors in terms of the ability to undergo recruitment and proliferation, and also respond to both the biophysical and biochemical cues that drive osteogenic matrix deposition. hMSCs isolated from healthy donors demonstrate good recruitment, mechanosensitivity, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. Contrastingly, hMSCs isolated from aged osteoporotic patients had significantly diminished regenerative potential. Interestingly, we demonstrated that osteoporotic hMSCs no longer responded to chemokine-directing recruitment and became desensitised to mechanical stimulation. The osteoporotic MSCs had a reduced proliferative potential and, importantly, they demonstrated an attenuated differentiation capability with reduced mineral and lipid formation. Moreover, during osteogenesis, despite minimal differences in the quantity of deposited collagen, the distribution of collagen was dramatically altered in osteoporosis, suggesting a potential defect in matrix quality. Taken together, this study has demonstrated that hMSCs isolated from aged osteoporotic patients demonstrate defective cell behaviour on multiple fronts, resulting in a significantly reduced regenerative potential, which must be considered during the development of new anabolic therapies that target this cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Corrigan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Coyle
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kian F Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Riffault
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Lenehan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, .,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, .,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rózsa G, Fazekas Á, Náfrádi M, Alapi T, Schrantz K, Takács E, Wojnárovits L, Fath A, Oppenländer T. Transformation of atrazine by photolysis and radiolysis: kinetic parameters, intermediates and economic consideration. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:23268-23278. [PMID: 31197664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Four techniques, UV254 nm photolysis, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV172 nm) photolysis, combined UV254 nm/VUV185 nm photolysis and gamma (γ) radiolysis were used to induce the transformation of atrazine in aqueous solution. The effects of dissolved oxygen (atrazine concentration 1 × 10-4 mol L-1 and 4.6 × 10-7 mol L-1) and matrix (high purity water/purified wastewater, atrazine concentration 4.6 × 10-7 mol L-1) and the electric energy requirements were investigated. The calculation of the energy input in cases of the photolyses was based on the lamp's power. In radiolysis, the absorbed dose (J kg-1) was the basis. In UV photolysis, atrazine transforms to atrazine-2-hydroxy; this product practically does not degrade during UV photolysis; due to this reason, the mineralisation is very slow. This and some other products of atrazine decomposition degrade only in radical reactions. Dissolved oxygen usually slightly enhances the degradation rate. At 10-7 mol L-1 concentration level, the matrix, high purity water/purified wastewater, has not much influence on the degradation rates in UV photolysis and radiolysis. In the VUV and UV/VUV systems, considerable matrix effects were observed. Comparing the electric energy requirements of the four degradation processes, radiolysis was found to be the economically most feasible method, requiring 1-2 orders of magnitude less electric energy than UV/VUV, VUV and UV photolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Rózsa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Ákos Fazekas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Máté Náfrádi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tünde Alapi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Schrantz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Takács
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary.
| | - László Wojnárovits
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Andreas Fath
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jakob-Kienzle Str. 17, 78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Thomas Oppenländer
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jakob-Kienzle Str. 17, 78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schweikle M, Bjørnøy SH, van Helvoort ATJ, Haugen HJ, Sikorski P, Tiainen H. Stabilisation of amorphous calcium phosphate in polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:132-45. [PMID: 30905863 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acellular polymer-calcium phosphate composites are promising bone graft materials. Hydrogels are suitable for providing a temporary matrix, while calcium phosphate minerals serve as ion depots for calcium and phosphate required for de novo bone formation. Crystalline calcium phosphates are stable under biological conditions and are commonly used in such scaffolds. However, the low solubility of these phases reduces the availability of free ions and potentially obstructs the remodelling necessary for the formation of mineralised tissue. Here, we investigate two different strategies to stabilise amorphous calcium phosphates in a synthetic polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel matrix. In vitro experiments mimicking an injectable application showed that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) of variable stability was formed in the hydrogel matrices. In additive-free composites, ACP transformed into brushite within minutes. Citrate or zinc additives were found to stabilise the formed ACP phase to different degrees. In the presence of citrate, ACP was stable for at least 2 h before it transformed into hydroxyapatite within 3-20 days. Partial calcium substitution with zinc (Zn/Ca = 10%) produced zinc-doped ACP of high stability that did not show signs of crystallisation for at least 20 days. The presented methods and findings open new possibilities for the design of novel injectable synthetic bone graft materials. The possibility to produce ACP with tailorable stability promises great potential for creating temporary scaffolds with good osteogenic properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Synthetic hydrogel-calcium phosphate (CaP) composites are promising biomaterials to replace human- and animal-derived bone scaffolds. Most reported hydrogel-CaP composite materials employ crystalline CaP phases that lack the osteoinductive properties of autograft. Stabilising amorphous calcium phosphates (ACP) could overcome this limitation, readily delivering calcium and phosphate ions and facilitating remodelling into new bone tissue. The design of synthetic hydrogel-ACP scaffolds, however, requires more understanding of the mineralisation processes in such matrices. This study presents a model system to characterise the complex mineral formation and transformation processes within a hydrogel matrix. We demonstrate a facile route to produce self-mineralising injectable synthetic hydrogels and prove two different strategies to stabilise ACP for different periods within the formed composites.
Collapse
|
27
|
Leśniewicz A, Furtak M, Żyrnicki W, Dawidowicz J, Maksymowicz K, Szotek S. Investigations of Human Fascia Lata Elemental Composition-the Effect of Different Preservation and Mineralisation Methods. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:357-366. [PMID: 29948909 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influence of fixation medium and storage conditions as well as impact of sample mineralisation procedure on determination of minerals in human fascia lata was examined and discussed. Freezing and storage in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde were used as the preservation methods of the samples. The concentrations of, both essential and toxic, elements were measured by ICP-OES method in fascia lata samples mineralised with concentrated nitric acid in a closed microwave system and in open vessels heated on a hot plate. Freezing was found as the best preserving method of fascia lata samples because of the number of elements determined and determination precision. The trace element (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, Zn) concentrations obtained in samples decomposed using the conventional hot plate were different from analogous measurements in solutions obtained after application of closed vessels and microwave energy assistance. Differences between the mineral compositions of fascia samples variously preserved and mineralised were statistically evaluated and discussed. Interelement correlations were analysed taking into account an impact of various methods of sample conservation. Strong, positive association between element content was discovered for Cr-Ba, Mn-Ba, P-Ba, Sr-Ba, Sr-Ca, Zn-Ca, Mn-Cr, Pb-Cr, Sr-Cr, Mg-Fe, P-Fe, Pb-Ni, Ti-Ni and Sr-P pairs of elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leśniewicz
- Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Milena Furtak
- Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wiesław Żyrnicki
- Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Maksymowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Szotek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechatronics and Theory of Mechanisms, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Menu-Courey K, Noisette F, Piedalue S, Daoud D, Blair T, Blier PU, Azetsu-Scott K, Calosi P. Energy metabolism and survival of the juvenile recruits of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) exposed to a gradient of elevated seawater pCO 2. Mar Environ Res 2019; 143:111-123. [PMID: 30477878 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the last pelagic larval stage to the first benthic juvenile stage in the complex life cycle of marine invertebrates, such as the American lobster Homarus americanus, a species of high economic importance, represents a delicate phase in these species development. Under future elevated pCO2 conditions, ocean acidification and other elevated pCO2 events can negatively affect crustaceans. This said their effects on the benthic settlement phase are virtually unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of elevated seawater pCO2 on stage V American lobsters exposed to seven pCO2 levels. The survival, development time, metabolic and feeding rates, carapace composition, and energy metabolism enzyme function were investigated. Results suggested an increase in mortality, slower development and an increase in aerobic capacity with increasing pCO2. Our study points to potential reduction in juvenile recruitment success as seawater pCO2 increases, thus foreshadowing important socio-economic repercussions for the lobster fisheries and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Menu-Courey
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada; Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Sarah Piedalue
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Dounia Daoud
- Homarus Inc, 408 Rue Main, Shediac, NB, E4P 2G1, Canada; EcoNov Inc, 540 Ch. Gorge Road, Moncton, NB, E1G 3H8, Canada
| | - Tammy Blair
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Saint Andrews Biological Station, 125 Marine Science Dr, Saint Andrews, NB, E5B 0E4, Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Kumiko Azetsu-Scott
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Bone disease in the neonatal period has often been regarded as an issue affecting premature infants, or a collection of rare and ultra-rare disorders that most neonatologists will see only once or twice each year, or possibly each decade. The emergence of targeted therapies for some of these rare disorders means that neonatologists may be faced with diagnostic dilemmas that need a rapid solution in order to access management options that did not previously exist. The diagnostic modalities available to the neonatologist have not changed a great deal in recent years; blood tests and radiographs still form the mainstays with other techniques usually reserved for research studies, but rapid access to genomic testing is emergent. This paper provides an update around diagnosis and management of bone problems likely to present to the neonatologist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Borg
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH.
| | - Nicholas J Bishop
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moreno Jiménez E, Aceña-Heras S, Frišták V, Heinze S, Marschner B. The effect of biochar amendments on phenanthrene sorption, desorption and mineralisation in different soils. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5074. [PMID: 29967738 PMCID: PMC6026465 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of soils and waters with organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), affect a large number of sites worldwide that need remediation. In this context soils amendments can be used to immobilise PAHs while maintaining soil functioning, with biochar being a promising amendment. In this experiment, phenantrene (Phe) was used as a frequent PAH contaminating soils and we studied the effect of three biochars at 1% applications to three different substrates, two agricultural topsoils and pure sand. We evaluated the changes in soil properties, sorption-desorption of Phe, and mineralisation of Phe in all treatments. Phe in pure sand was effectively sorbed to olive pruning (OBC) and rice husk (RBC) biochars, but pine biochar (PBC) was not as effective. In the soils, OBC and RBC only increased sorption of Phe in the silty soil. Desorption was affected by biochar application, RBC and OBC decreased water soluble Phe independently of the soil, which may be useful in preventing leaching of Phe into natural waters. Contrastingly, OBC and RBC slightly decreased the mineralisation of Phe in the soils, thus indicating lower bioavailability of the contaminant. Overall, biochar effects in the two tested soils were low, most likely due to the rather high soil organic C (SOC) contents of 2.2 and 2.8% with Koc values in the same range as those of the biochars. However, OBC and RBC additions can substantially increase adsorption of Phe in soils poor in SOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moreno Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Aceña-Heras
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimír Frišták
- Department of Chemistry, University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Department Soil Science/Soil Ecology, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd Marschner
- Department Soil Science/Soil Ecology, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
O'Grady S, Morgan MP. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: From pathophysiology to diagnosis and prognosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:310-320. [PMID: 29684522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of mammographic screening programmes in many countries has been linked to a marked increase in early detection and improved prognosis for breast cancer patients. Breast tumours can be detected by assessing several features in mammographic images but one of the most common are the presence of small deposits of calcium known as microcalcifications, which in many cases may be the only detectable sign of a breast tumour. In addition to their efficacy in the detection of breast cancer, the presence of microcalcifications within a breast tumour may also convey useful prognostic information. Breast tumours with associated calcifications display an increased rate of HER2 overexpression as well as decreased survival, increased risk of recurrence, high tumour grade and increased likelihood of spread to the lymph nodes. Clearly, the presence of microcalcifications in a tumour is a clinically significant finding, suggesting that a detailed understanding of their formation may improve our knowledge of the early stages of breast tumourigenesis, yet there are no reports which attempt to bring together recent basic science research findings and current knowledge of the clinical significance of microcalcifications. This review will summarise the most current understanding of the formation of calcifications within breast tissue and explore their associated clinical features and prognostic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S O'Grady
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M P Morgan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang D, Anderson PH, Wijenayaka AR, Barratt KR, Triliana R, Stapledon CJM, Zhou H, Findlay DM, Morris HA, Atkins GJ. Both ligand and VDR expression levels critically determine the effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D 3 on osteoblast differentiation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:83-90. [PMID: 28887147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) through vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling has both catabolic and anabolic effects on osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanism of these differential effects by 1,25D is not fully understood. In this study, mice with three different genetic backgrounds, representing a normal VDR level (wild-type, WT), VDR over-expression specifically in mature osteoblasts (ObVDR-B6) and global VDR knockout (VDRKO), were utilised to generate primary osteoblast-like cultures to further elucidate the effects of 1,25D on osteoblast differentiation. Our data confirm the importance of VDR in the late stage of osteogenic differentiation and also for the expression of factors critical for osteoblastic support of osteoclast formation. This study also demonstrates the differential effects of a pharmacological level of 1,25D (1nM) on the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers, including Ocn and Sost, depending on the relative level of VDR. Our findings suggest that 1,25D plays an inhibitory role in matrix mineralisation, possibly through the modulation of the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase to ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 axis, in a VDR level-dependent manner. We conclude that the relative VDR level and the 1,25D availability to cells, are important co-determinants for whether 1,25D plays a promoting or suppressive role in osteoblast-mediated osteogenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yang
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kate R Barratt
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Rahma Triliana
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Catherine J M Stapledon
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Endocrine Bone Research, Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maly IP, Eppler E, Müller-Gerbl M. High metabolic activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase not only in young but also in adult bone as demonstrated using a new histochemical detection protocol. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 258:109-118. [PMID: 28502741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is playing a key role in bone calcification, as has been demonstrated in different mammalian species including human and rodents. However, to investigate age-related changes during life history, histochemical demonstration of TNAP is severely hampered, particularly in the elderly, by technical difficulties associated with sectioning calcified tissue. Sufficient fixation must precede decalcification since poorly fixed bone tissue is exposed to the deleterious effects of decalcification reagents. In order to find a method that would allow cryosectioning of bone without loss of TNAP activity, we assessed the efficacy of different fixation reagents regarding the effects on structural integrity and TNAP activity using liver and osseous tissue from younger and older horses. The results of this study reveal that glyoxal-based fixatives sufficiently preserved bone tissue for successful cryosectioning without compromising TNAP activity. The method described combines the demonstration of TNAP activity with optimal preservation of tissue morphology in osseous tissue of younger and even of older mammals. As a model species, we selected horse bones in light of potentially higher similarities to ageing history and lifelong locomotion in humans as compared to other, mostly smaller, experimental model species with a much shorter life span and artificial locomotive activity when kept in cages. This may serve as a basis for future studies addressing the impact of different life traits in iconic, domestic and companion animals, which are often patients in veterinary medicine, as well as for basic research on human physiology and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Piotr Maly
- Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabeth Eppler
- Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Magdalena Müller-Gerbl
- Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shao J, Zhou Y, Lin J, Nguyen TD, Huang R, Gu Y, Friis T, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Notch expressed by osteocytes plays a critical role in mineralisation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:333-347. [PMID: 29455246 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch is actively involved in various life processes including osteogenesis; however, the role of Notch signalling in the terminal mineralisation of bone is largely unknown. In this study, it was noted that Hey1, a downstream target of Notch signalling was highly expressed in mature osteocytes compared to osteoblasts, indicating a potential role of Notch in osteocytes. Using a recently developed thermosensitive cell line (IDG-SW3), we demonstrated that dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) expression was inhibited and mineralisation process was significantly altered when Notch pathway was inactivated via administration of N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), an inhibitor of Notch. Dysregulation of Notch in osteocyte differentiation can result in spontaneous deposition of calcium phosphate on collagen fibrils, disturbed transportation of intracellular mineral vesicles, alteration of mineral crystal structure, decreased bonding force between minerals and organic matrix, and suppression of dendrite development coupled with decreased expression of E11. In conclusion, the evidence presented here suggests that Notch plays a critical role in osteocyte differentiation and biomineralisation process. KEY MESSAGES Notch plays a regulatory role in osteocyte phenotype. Notch modulates the mineralisation mediated by osteocytes. Notch activity influences the ultrastructural properties of bone mineralisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Jinying Lin
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Implantology, Xiamen Stomatological Research Institute, Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Trung Dung Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Thor Friis
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Su EP, Justin DF, Pratt CR, Sarin VK, Nguyen VS, Oh S, Jin S. Effects of titanium nanotubes on the osseointegration, cell differentiation, mineralisation and antibacterial properties of orthopaedic implant surfaces. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:9-16. [PMID: 29292334 PMCID: PMC6424438 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b1.bjj-2017-0551.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development and pre-clinical evaluation of
nano-texturised, biomimetic, surfaces of titanium (Ti) implants treated
with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays is reviewed. In
vitro and in vivo evaluations show that
TiO2 nanotubes on Ti surfaces positively affect the osseointegration,
cell differentiation, mineralisation, and anti-microbial properties.
This surface treatment can be superimposed onto existing macro and
micro porous Ti implants creating a surface texture that also interacts
with cells at the nano level. Histology and mechanical pull-out testing
of specimens in rabbits indicate that TiO2 nanotubes
improves bone bonding nine-fold (p = 0.008). The rate of mineralisation
associated with TiO2 nanotube surfaces is about three
times that of non-treated Ti surfaces. In addition to improved osseointegration
properties, TiO2 nanotubes reduce the initial adhesion
and colonisation of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Collectively, the properties of Ti implant surfaces enhanced with
TiO2 nanotubes show great promise. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1
Supple A):9–16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P Su
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - D F Justin
- Nanovation Partners, LLC, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - C R Pratt
- Nanovation Partners, LLC, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - V K Sarin
- Kinamed Incorporated, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - V S Nguyen
- Optimotion Implants, LLC, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - S Oh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - S Jin
- Nanovation Partners, LLC, Camarillo, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Anyanwu IN, Ikpikpini OC, Semple KT. Impact of nitrogen-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene mineralisation in soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 147:594-601. [PMID: 28923724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When aromatic hydrocarbons are present in contaminated soils, they often occur in mixtures. The impact of four different (3-ring) nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs) on 12/14C-phenanthrene and 12/14C-benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) mineralisation in soil was investigated over a 90 d incubation period. The results revealed that both 12/14C-phenanthrene and 12/14C-benzo[a]pyrene showed no significant mineralisation in soils amended with 10mgkg -1 and 100mgkg -1 N-PAHs (p>0.05). However, increases in lag-phases and decreases in the rates and extents of mineralisation were observed, over time. Among the N-PAHs, benzo[h]quinoline impacted 14C-phenanthrene mineralisation with extended and diauxic lag phases. Furthermore,12/14C-B[a]P and 14C-benzo[a]pyrene-nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (14C-B[a]P-N-PAHs) amended soils showed extensive lag phases (> 21 d); with some 14C-B[a]P-N-PAH mineralisation recording <1% in both concentrations (10mgkg -1 and 100mgkg -1), over time. This study suggests that the presence of N-PAHs in contaminated soil may impact the microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the impact was most likely the result of limited success in achieving absolute biodegradation of some PAHs in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihuoma N Anyanwu
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Ojerime C Ikpikpini
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yaseen DA, Scholz M. Treatment of synthetic textile wastewater containing dye mixtures with microcosms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1980-1997. [PMID: 29110231 PMCID: PMC5766706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the ability of microcosms (laboratory-scale shallow ponds) as a post polishing stage for the remediation of artificial textile wastewater comprising two commercial dyes (basic red 46 (BR46) and reactive blue 198 (RB198)) as a mixture. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of Lemna minor L. (common duckweed) on the water quality outflows; the elimination of dye mixtures, organic matter, and nutrients; and the impact of synthetic textile wastewater comprising dye mixtures on the L. minor plant growth. Three mixtures were prepared providing a total dye concentration of 10 mg/l. Findings showed that the planted simulated ponds possess a significant (p < 0.05) potential for improving the outflow characteristics and eliminate dyes, ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in all mixtures compared with the corresponding unplanted ponds. The removal of mixed dyes in planted ponds was mainly due to phyto-transformation and adsorption of BR46 with complete aromatic amine mineralisation. For ponds containing 2 mg/l of RB198 and 8 mg/l of BR46, removals were around 53%, which was significantly higher than those for other mixtures: 5 mg/l of RB198 and 5 mg/l of BR46 and 8 mg/l of RB198 and 2 mg/l of BR46 achieved only 41 and 26% removals, respectively. Dye mixtures stopped the growth of L. minor, and the presence of artificial wastewater reduced their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Yaseen
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dutova EM, Nikitenkov AN, Pokrovskiy VD, Banks D, Frengstad BS, Parnachev VP. Modelling of the dissolution and reprecipitation of uranium under oxidising conditions in the zone of shallow groundwater circulation. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:63-76. [PMID: 28780371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Generic hydrochemical modelling of a grantoid-groundwater system, using the Russian software "HydroGeo", has been carried out with an emphasis on simulating the accumulation of uranium in the aqueous phase. The baseline model run simulates shallow granitoid aquifers (U content 5 ppm) under conditions broadly representative of southern Norway and southwestern Siberia: i.e. temperature 10 °C, equilibrated with a soil gas partial CO2 pressure (PCO2, open system) of 10-2.5 atm. and a mildly oxidising redox environment (Eh = +50 mV). Modelling indicates that aqueous uranium accumulates in parallel with total dissolved solids (or groundwater mineralisation M - regarded as an indicator of degree of hydrochemical evolution), accumulating most rapidly when M = 550-1000 mg L-1. Accumulation slows at the onset of saturation and precipitation of secondary uranium minerals at M = c. 1000 mg L-1 (which, under baseline modelling conditions, also corresponds approximately to calcite saturation and transition to Na-HCO3 hydrofacies). The secondary minerals are typically "black" uranium oxides of mixed oxidation state (e.g. U3O7 and U4O9). For rock U content of 5-50 ppm, it is possible to generate a wide variety of aqueous uranium concentrations, up to a maximum of just over 1 mg L-1, but with typical concentrations of up to 10 μg L-1 for modest degrees of hydrochemical maturity (as indicated by M). These observations correspond extremely well with real groundwater analyses from the Altai-Sayan region of Russia and Norwegian crystalline bedrock aquifers. The timing (with respect to M) and degree of aqueous uranium accumulation are also sensitive to Eh (greater mobilisation at higher Eh), uranium content of rocks (aqueous concentration increases as rock content increases) and PCO2 (low PCO2 favours higher pH, rapid accumulation of aqueous U and earlier saturation with respect to uranium minerals).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Banks
- School of Engineering, James Watt Building (South), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Holymoor Consultancy Ltd., 360 Ashgate Road, Chesterfield, S40 4BW, United Kingdom.
| | - Bjørn S Frengstad
- Department of Geoscience and Petroleum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Valerii P Parnachev
- Department of Dynamic Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geography, Tomsk State University, Prospekt Lenina 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In addition to the actions of the endocrine hormone, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, the regulation of bone mineral metabolism by 1,25(OH)2D is also considered an important contributor to calcium homeostasis. However, recent evidence suggest that 1,25(OH)2D acting either via endocrine or autocrine pathways plays varied roles in bone, which suggests that vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of bone mineral in addition to its catabolic roles. This review highlights the contrasting evidence for the direct action for vitamin D metabolism and activity in bone. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous cells within bone express vitamin D receptor (VDR), synthesise and catabolise 1,25(OH)2D via 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) enzymes, respectively. Recent evidence suggests that all three genes are required to regulate processes of bone resorption, mineralization and fracture repair. The actions of vitamin D in bone appear to negatively or positively regulate bone mineral depending on the physiological and pathological circumstances, suggesting that vitamin D plays pleiotropic roles in bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Anderson
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Villaverde J, Rubio-Bellido M, Merchán F, Morillo E. Bioremediation of diuron contaminated soils by a novel degrading microbial consortium. J Environ Manage 2017; 188:379-386. [PMID: 28011373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diuron is a biologically active pollutant present in soil, water and sediments. It is persistent in soil, water and groundwater and slightly toxic to mammals and birds as well as moderately toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Its principal product of biodegradation, 3,4-dichloroaniline, exhibits a higher toxicity than diuron and is also persistent in the environment. On this basis, the objective of the study was to determine the potential capacity of a proposed novel diuron-degrading microbial consortium (DMC) for achieving not only diuron degradation, but its mineralisation both in solution as well as in soils with different properties. The consortium was tested in a soil solution where diuron was the only carbon source, and more than 98.8% of the diuron initially added was mineralised after only a few days. The consortium was composed of three diuron-degrading strains, Arthrobacter sulfonivorans, Variovorax soli and Advenella sp. JRO, the latter had been isolated in our laboratory from a highly contaminated industrial site. This work shows for the first time the potential capacity of a member of the genus Advenella to remediate pesticide-contaminated soils. However, neither of the three strains separately achieved mineralisation (ring-14C) of diuron in a mineral medium (MSM) with a trace nutrient solution (NS); combined in pairs, they mineralised 40% of diuron in solution, but the most relevant result was obtained in the presence of the three-member consortium, where complete diuron mineralisation was achieved after only a few days. In the presence of the investigated soils in suspension, the capacity of the consortium to mineralise diuron was evaluated, achieving mineralisation of a wide range of herbicides from 22.9 to 69.0%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Villaverde
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Spain.
| | - M Rubio-Bellido
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Spain
| | - F Merchán
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Spain
| | - E Morillo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Malepfane NM, Muchaonyerwa P. Hair from different ethnic groups vary in elemental composition and nitrogen and phosphorus mineralisation in soil. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:76. [PMID: 28120203 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of hair wastes at landfills causes nitrate leaching to ground water, and use of the waste as fertiliser could be a viable option. This study was to determine elemental composition of major hair types in South Africa and their nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release in soil. Wastes of African, White and Indian hair were obtained from local salons and analysed for carbon (C), N and sulphur (S) with the Leco CNS analyzer, and P, bases, aluminium (Al) and micronutrients, with the ICP. We also conducted an incubation study to determine changes in mineral N and P in soil. Hair wastes were added to soil at increasing rates based on N, incubated at 25 °C with destructive sampling after 0, 28, 56 and 84 days and pH, ammonium-N, nitrate-N and extractable P measured. All data were subjected to analysis of variance. Indian and White hair had higher N than African. White hair had higher C and lower potassium (K) than those of other types. The Fe levels in hair were in the order White > African > Indian, whilst those of Al were African > Indian > White. African hair had higher calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co) than the other types. Ammonium-N and nitrate-N releases were in the order: Indian > African > White, especially at higher rates. Ammonium-N increased in the first 28 days and declined thereafter, when nitrate-N increased and pH decreased. The findings implied that hair types differ in elemental composition and nitrogen release in soil, with implications on pollution and soil fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Malepfane
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - P Muchaonyerwa
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang D, Anderson PH, Turner AG, Morris HA, Atkins GJ. Comparison of the biological effects of exogenous and endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on the mature osteoblast cell line MLO-A5. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:374-378. [PMID: 26949105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and animal data indicate that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D) exerts an anabolic effect on bone while serum 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) stimulates bone mineral loss, although the mechanism responsible for these divergent actions is unknown. Biological effects of 25D on bone cells are dependent on the local conversion to 1,25D by the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase enzyme, CYP27B1. Therefore, identification of possible differential activities of locally produced and exogenously supplied 1,25D in bone is likely to be informative for guiding optimal administration of vitamin D supplements for bone health. The mature osteoblastic cell line MLO-A5 expresses both the vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and Cyp27b1, and therefore is a suitable model for comparing the activities of 1,25D arising from these sources. Biologically, exogenous and endogenous sources of 1,25D have similar effects on proliferation, mineralisation and induction of a range of genes by MLO-A5 osteoblasts under osteogenic conditions although endogenous 1,25D levels are markedly lower than exogenous levels. Significant differences of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 1,25D are evident between these two sources particularly in terms of modulating gene expression for Cyp24a1 and other genes largely expressed by embedded osteoblasts/osteocytes suggesting that endogenously synthesised 1,25D is more efficiently utilised by the differentiating osteoblast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yang
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Paul H Anderson
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Endocrine Bone Research, Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fernandes JS, Gentile P, Martins M, Neves NM, Miller C, Crawford A, Pires RA, Hatton P, Reis RL. Reinforcement of poly-l-lactic acid electrospun membranes with strontium borosilicate bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:168-77. [PMID: 27554018 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Herein, for the first time, we combined poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) with a strontium borosilicate bioactive glass (BBG-Sr) using electrospinning to fabricate a composite bioactive PLLA membrane loaded with 10% (w/w) of BBG-Sr glass particles (PLLA-BBG-Sr). The composites were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microcomputer tomography (μ-CT), and the results showed that we successfully fabricated smooth and uniform fibres (1-3μm in width) with a homogeneous distribution of BBG-Sr microparticles (<45μm). Degradation studies (in phosphate buffered saline) demonstrated that the incorporation of BBG-Sr glass particles into the PLLA membranes increased their degradability and water uptake with a continuous release of cations. The addition of BBG-Sr glass particles enhanced the membrane's mechanical properties (69% higher Young modulus and 36% higher tensile strength). Furthermore, cellular in vitro evaluation using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) demonstrated that PLLA-BBG-Sr membranes promoted the osteogenic differentiation of the cells as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and up-regulated osteogenic gene expression (Alpl, Sp7 and Bglap) in relation to PLLA alone. These results strongly suggest that the composite PLLA membranes reinforced with the BBG-Sr glass particles have potential as an effective biomaterial capable of promoting bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE PLLA membranes were reinforced with 10% (w/w) of strontium-bioactive borosilicate glass microparticles, and their capacity to induce the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was evaluated. These membranes presented an increased: degradability, water uptake, Young modulus and tensile strength. We also demonstrated that these membranes are non-cytotoxic and promote the attachment of BM-MSCs. The addition of the glass microparticles into the PLLA membranes promoted the increase of ALP activity (under osteogenic conditions), as well as the BM-MSCs osteogenic differentiation as shown by the upregulation of Alpl, Sp7 and Bglap gene expression. Overall, we demonstrated that the reinforcement of PLLA with glass microparticles results in a biomaterial with the appropriate properties for the regeneration of bone tissue.
Collapse
|
44
|
Case SDC, Gómez-Muñoz B, Magid J, Jensen LS. Increasing thermal drying temperature of biosolids reduced nitrogen mineralisation and soil N2O emissions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:14383-14392. [PMID: 27068895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found that thermally dried biosolids contained more mineralisable organic nitrogen (N) than the raw or anaerobically digested (AD) biosolids they were derived from. However, the effect of thermal drying temperature on biosolid N availability is not well understood. This will be of importance for the value of the biosolids when used to fertilise crops. We sourced AD biosolids from a Danish waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and dried it in the laboratory at 70, 130, 190 or 250 °C to >95 % dry matter content. Also, we sourced biosolids from the WWTP dried using its in-house thermal drying process (input temperature 95 °C, thermal fluid circuit temperature 200 °C, 95 % dry matter content). The drying process reduced the ammonium content of the biosolids and reduced it further at higher drying temperatures. These findings were attributed to ammonia volatilisation. The percentage of mineralisable organic N fraction (min-N) in the biosolids, and nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were analysed 120 days after addition to soil. When incubated at soil field capacity (pF 2), none of the dried biosolids had a greater min-N than the AD biosolids (46.4 %). Min-N was lowest in biosolids dried at higher temperatures (e.g. 19.3 % at 250 °C vs 35.4 % at 70 °C). Considering only the dried biosolids, min-N was greater in WWTP-dried biosolids (50.5 %) than all of the laboratory-dried biosolids with the exception of the 70 °C-dried biosolids. Biosolid carbon mineralisation (CO2 release) and N2O production was also the lowest in treatments of the highest drying temperature, suggesting that this material was more recalcitrant. Overall, thermal drying temperature had a significant influence on N availability from the AD biosolids, but drying did not improve the N availability of these biosolids in any case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean D C Case
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Magid
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars Stoumann Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cui L, Houston DA, Farquharson C, MacRae VE. Characterisation of matrix vesicles in skeletal and soft tissue mineralisation. Bone 2016; 87:147-58. [PMID: 27072517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of matrix vesicles (MVs) has been repeatedly highlighted in the formation of cartilage, bone, and dentin since their discovery in 1967. These nano-vesicular structures, which are found in the extracellular matrix, are believed to be one of the sites of mineral nucleation that occurs in the organic matrix of the skeletal tissues. In the more recent years, there have been numerous reports on the observation of MV-like particles in calcified vascular tissues that could be playing a similar role. Therefore, here, we review the characteristics MVs possess that enable them to participate in mineral deposition. Additionally, we outline the content of skeletal tissue- and soft tissue-derived MVs, and discuss their key mineralisation mediators that could be targeted for future therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cui
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - D A Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - V E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ford H, Roberts A, Jones L. Nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation and grazing moderate nitrogen impacts on plant growth and nutrient cycling in sand dune grassland. Sci Total Environ 2016; 542:203-209. [PMID: 26519581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition alters plant biodiversity and ecosystem function in grasslands worldwide. This study examines the impact of 6 years of nutrient addition and grazing management on a sand dune grassland. Results indicate that co-limitation of N and phosphorus (P) moderates the impact of realistic rates of N addition (7.5, 15 kg N ha(1) year(-1)). Combined NP addition (15 kg N + 10 kg P ha(-1) year(-1)) was the only nutrient treatment to differ significantly from the control, with greater above-ground biomass (mainly moss), and enhanced N and P mineralisation rates. Grazing management altered plant functional group composition, reduced above-ground biomass and meso-faunal feeding rates, and decoupled N and P mineralisation. There were no synergistic effects of grazing and N treatment. Although NP co-limitation apparently prevents adverse impacts of N deposition above the critical load, excess N is likely to be stored in moss biomass and soil, with unknown future consequences. CAPSULE This study shows that at realistic levels of N addition, NP co-limitation in a dune grassland appears to prevent adverse impacts of N on plant growth and nutrient cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Ford
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Aled Roberts
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Laurence Jones
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Javaheri B, Carriero A, Staines KA, Chang YM, Houston DA, Oldknow KJ, Millan JL, Kazeruni BN, Salmon P, Shefelbine S, Farquharson C, Pitsillides AA. Phospho1 deficiency transiently modifies bone architecture yet produces consistent modification in osteocyte differentiation and vascular porosity with ageing. Bone 2015; 81:277-291. [PMID: 26232374 PMCID: PMC4652607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PHOSPHO1 is one of principal proteins involved in initiating bone matrix mineralisation. Recent studies have found that Phospho1 KO mice (Phospho1-R74X) display multiple skeletal abnormalities with spontaneous fractures, bowed long bones, osteomalacia and scoliosis. These analyses have however been limited to young mice and it remains unclear whether the role of PHOSPHO1 is conserved in the mature murine skeleton where bone turnover is limited. In this study, we have used ex-vivo computerised tomography to examine the effect of Phospho1 deletion on tibial bone architecture in mice at a range of ages (5, 7, 16 and 34 weeks of age) to establish whether its role is conserved during skeletal growth and maturation. Matrix mineralisation has also been reported to influence terminal osteoblast differentiation into osteocytes and we have also explored whether hypomineralised bones in Phospho1 KO mice exhibit modified osteocyte lacunar and vascular porosity. Our data reveal that Phospho1 deficiency generates age-related defects in trabecular architecture and compromised cortical microarchitecture with greater porosity accompanied by marked alterations in osteocyte shape, significant increases in osteocytic lacuna and vessel number. Our in vitro studies examining the behaviour of osteoblast derived from Phospho1 KO and wild-type mice reveal reduced levels of matrix mineralisation and modified osteocytogenic programming in cells deficient in PHOSPHO1. Together our data suggest that deficiency in PHOSPHO1 exerts modifications in bone architecture that are transient and depend upon age, yet produces consistent modification in lacunar and vascular porosity. It is possible that the inhibitory role of PHOSPHO1 on osteocyte differentiation leads to these age-related changes in bone architecture. It is also intriguing to note that this apparent acceleration in osteocyte differentiation evident in the hypomineralised bones of Phospho1 KO mice suggests an uncoupling of the interplay between osteocytogenesis and biomineralisation. Further studies are required to dissect the molecular processes underlying the regulatory influences exerted by PHOSPHO1 on the skeleton with ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Javaheri
- The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - A Carriero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - K A Staines
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y-M Chang
- The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - D A Houston
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K J Oldknow
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J L Millan
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - P Salmon
- Bruker-microCT, Kartuizersweg 3B, 2550 Kontich, Belgium
| | - S Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, USA
| | - C Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chládková B, Evgenidou E, Kvítek L, Panáček A, Zbořil R, Kovář P, Lambropoulou D. Adsorption and photocatalysis of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles for Reactive Red 195 removal: effect of humic acids, anions and scavengers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:16514-16524. [PMID: 26054457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the coupling of adsorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency of two different industrially produced titania catalysts was investigated and compared. The azo dye Reactive Red 195 was selected as a model compound. The tested catalysts, PK-10 and PK-180, exhibited different adsorption capacities due to their significant difference in their specific surface, but both have proven to be effective photocatalysts for photodegradation of the studied dye. PK-10 exhibited strong adsorption of the studied dye due to its high specific surface area, while the second studied catalyst, PK-180, demonstrated negligible adsorption of Reactive Red 195. The effect of the pH, the concentration of the catalyst and the initial concentration of the dye appear to affect the photocatalytic rate. The effect of the presence of humic acids and inorganic ions was also examined, while the contribution of various reactive species was indirectly evaluated through the addition of various scavengers. To evaluate the extent of mineralisation of the studied dye, total organic carbon (TOC) measurements during the experiment were also conducted. Besides total colour removal, evident reduction of TOC was also achieved using both catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Chládková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - E Evgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Kvítek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Panáček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R Zbořil
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - P Kovář
- Precheza a.s., Dr. Edvarda Beneše, Přerov, Czech Republic
| | - D Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baghdadi S, Bouvier-Capely C, Ritt A, Peroux A, Fevrier L, Rebiere F, Agarande M, Cote G. Impact of the uranium (VI) speciation in mineralised urines on its extraction by calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups used in chromatography columns. Talanta 2015; 144:875-82. [PMID: 26452903 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Actinides determination in urine samples is part of the analyses performed to monitor internal contamination in case of an accident or a terrorist attack involving nuclear matter. Mineralisation is the first step of any of these analyses. It aims at reducing the sample volume and at destroying all organic compounds present. The mineralisation protocol is usually based on a wet ashing step, followed by actinides co-precipitation and a furnace ashing step, before redissolution and the quantification of the actinides by the appropriate techniques. Amongst the existing methods to perform the actinides co-precipitation, alkali-earth (typically calcium) precipitation is widely used. In the present work, the extraction of uranium(VI), plutonium(IV) and americium(III) from the redissolution solutions (called "mineralised urines") on calix[6]arene columns bearing hydroxamic groups was investigated as such an extraction is a necessary step before their determination by ICP-MS or alpha spectrometry. Difficulties were encountered in the transfer of uranium(VI) from raw to mineralised urines, with yield of transfer ranging between 0% and 85%, compared to about 90% for Pu and Am, depending on the starting raw urines. To understand the origin of such a difficulty, the speciation of uranium (VI) in mineralised urines was investigated by computer simulation using the MEDUSA software and the associated HYDRA database, compiled with recently published data. These calculations showed that the presence of phosphates in the "mineralised urines" leads to the formation of strong uranyl-phosphate complexes (such as UO2HPO4) which compete with the uranium (VI) extraction by the calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups. The extraction constant of uranium (VI) by calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups was determined in a 0.04 mol L(-1) sodium nitrate solution (logK=4.86±0.03) and implemented in an extraction model taking into account the speciation in the aqueous phase. This model allowed to simulate satisfactorily the experimental uranium extraction data and to support the preliminary conclusions about the role of the phosphates present in mineralised urines. These calculations also showed that the phosphate/calcium ratio is a key parameter as far as the efficiency of the uranium (VI) extraction by the calix[6]arene columns is concerned. It predicted that the addition of CaCl2 in mineralised urines would release uranium (VI) from phosphates by forming calcium (II)-phosphate complexes and thus facilitate the uranium (VI) extraction on calix[6]arene columns. These predictions were confirmed experimentally as the addition of 0.1 mol L(-1) CaCl2 to a mineralised urine containing naturally a high concentration of phosphate (typically 0.04 mol L(-1)) significantly increased the percentage of uranium (VI) extraction on the calix[6]arene columns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Baghdadi
- IRSN/Pôle Radioprotection, Service de Dosimétrie Interne, LRC, 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre ET Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Bouvier-Capely
- IRSN/Pôle Radioprotection, Service de Dosimétrie Interne, LRC, 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - A Ritt
- IRSN/Pôle Radioprotection, Service de Recherche sur les Transferts dans la Géosphère, 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc, LT2S, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Peroux
- IRSN/Pôle Radioprotection, Service de Dosimétrie Interne, LRC, 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Fevrier
- IRSN/Pôle Radioprotection, Service de Recherche ET d'expertise sur les Risques Environnementaux, L2BT, BP.3, 13115 St-Paul-Lez-durance Cedex, France
| | - F Rebiere
- IRSN/Pôle Radioprotection, Service de Dosimétrie Interne, LRC, 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - M Agarande
- IRSN/Pôle Radioprotection, Service de Dosimétrie Interne, LRC, 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - G Cote
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre ET Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The mineralisation disorder pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is associated with mutations in the transporter protein ABCC6. Patients with PXE suffer from calcified lesions in the skin, eyes and vasculature, and PXE is related to a more severe vascular calcification syndrome called generalised arterial calcification of infancy (GACI). Mutations in ABCC6 are linked to reduced levels of circulating vitamin K. Here, we describe a mutation in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) orthologue abcc6a, which results in extensive hypermineralisation of the axial skeleton. Administration of vitamin K to embryos was sufficient to restore normal levels of mineralisation. Vitamin K also reduced ectopic mineralisation in a zebrafish model of GACI, and warfarin exacerbated the mineralisation phenotype in both mutant lines. These data suggest that vitamin K could be a beneficial treatment for human patients with PXE or GACI. Additionally, we found that abcc6a is strongly expressed at the site of mineralisation rather than the liver, as it is in mammals, which has significant implications for our understanding of the function of ABCC6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirinn W Mackay
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Apschner
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands EZO, WUR, Wageningen 6709 PG, The Netherlands Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|