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Hayat U, Abbas S. Oxalic acid-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminated wastewater through Lemna minor L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:103972-103982. [PMID: 37695484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The present research was carried out to investigate the performance of oxalic acid (OA) through Lemna minor L. (duckweed) in the phytoextraction of lead (Pb) from metal contaminated water. Zero, 100 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM Pb concentration and combinations with 2.5 ml of OA were provided to the plants in the form of solution after defining intervals. Continuous aeration was provided to the plants and kept a pH level at 6.5. Results from this research depicted that increasing concentration level of Pb inhibited the overall plant growth, biomass, frond area, chlorophyll, and antioxidant enzyme activities like peroxidase (POD), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalases (CAT), and ascorbate-peroxidase (APX). Moreover, Pb stress enhances the concentration, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage substances in plants. Furthermore, the addition of OA alleviated the Pb-induced toxicity in the plants, increasing the Pb accumulation and its endorsement in the L. minor. The OA addition increased the Pb accumulation in plants at 0, 100, 250 and 500 μM. At higher concentration, Pb showed harmful effect as related to the other low doses. Under the application of OA, Pb higher accumulation and concentration in L. minor were measured, which showed that it could be the most suitable plant for the phytoextraction of lead-contaminated soil and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Hayat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat (Hafiz Hayat Campus), Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Shafuq Abbas
- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat (Hafiz Hayat Campus), Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
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Bodnar IS, Cheban EV. Joint effects of gamma radiation and zinc on duckweed Lemna minor L. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 257:106438. [PMID: 36889126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When assessing the consequences of combined chemical and radiation pollution on bodies of water, it is important to take into account the interaction of different factors, especially the possible synergistic increase in the toxic effect on growth, biochemical and physiological processes of living organisms. In this work, we studied the combined effect of γ-radiation and zinc on freshwater duckweed Lemna minor L. Irradiated plants (doses were 18, 42, and 63 Gy) were placed on a medium with an excess of zinc (3.15, 6.3, 12.6 μmol/L) for 7 days. Our results showed that the accumulation of zinc in tissues increased in irradiated plants when compared to non-irradiated plants. The interaction of factors in assessing their effect on the growth rate of plants was most often additive, but there was also a synergistic increase in the toxic effect at a zinc concentration of 12.6 μmol/L and irradiation at doses of 42 and 63 Gy. When comparing the combined and separate effects of gamma radiation and zinc, it was found that a reduction in the area of fronds (leaf-like plates) was caused exclusively due to the effects of radiation. Zinc and γ-radiation contributed to the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation. Irradiation stimulated the production of chlorophylls a and b, as well as carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Bodnar
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia.
| | - E V Cheban
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
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Ullah H, Gul B, Khan H, Zeb U. Effect of salt stress on proximate composition of duckweed ( Lemna minor L.). Heliyon 2021; 7:e07399. [PMID: 34258458 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of conventional feedstuff is one of the rising issues faced by the developing countries of the world. To bridge the gap between supply and demand of the major feedstuff it is desirable to practice the use of non-conventional feed resources. Duckweeds are the aquatic macrophytes growing in stagnant water bodies that offer a choice to be used as an alternate feed. Before the use of any alternate feed, it is vital to know the nutritional composition of the feed under diverse environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of salinity, abiotic stress, on the proximate composition of duckweed (Lemna minor L.). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 repeats. Data was collected on protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and mineral contents. In the laboratory trial plants were grown under the saline condition of different concentrations ranging from 2 g NaCl L−1 to 12 g NaCl L−1 for a growing period of 20 days. The biomasses obtained were tested for proximate composition. ANOVA of the result exhibited a significant effect of salinity on the proximate composition of the plant. Protein residues of the plant started declining above the concentration of 4 g NaCl L−1 until the lowest value was obtained at 12 g NaCl L−1. Lipid composition showed more sensitivity to the stress with a sharp decline above 2 g NaCl L−1 having a minimum value at 12 g NaCl L−1. Carbohydrate contents increased with increasing salinity up to 6 g NaCl L−1 above which a decrease was observed. The highest accumulation of the macronutrients i.e., Ca, Mg, took place in the lower range of concentration of the salt. The percentage compositions of micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, and Zn percentage were reduced at a higher range of salinity while the optimum level was recorded in plants treated with 2 g NaCl L−1, followed by control. The total accumulation of both macro and micronutrients was higher in the plant material treated with a lower level of salt concentration, concluding a significant effect of salinity on proximate composition. As for the Indus water salinity level, the plant has the capacity of tolerance and can be grown without affecting its proximate composition.
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Bodnar IS, Cheban EV. Combined action of gamma radiation and exposure to copper ions on Lemna minor L. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1120-1129. [PMID: 33635160 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1894655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Under natural conditions, the reaction of living organisms to the action of acute gamma radiation depends on other stressors, including heavy metals. The aim of this work was to study changes in morphometric parameters, the content of photoassimilation pigments and the level of oxidative stress in irradiated duckweed at various copper concentrations in the culture medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS As a model organism, we used Lemna minor L. Duckweed was exposed to acute γ-radiation at doses of 18, 42, 63 Gy. After irradiation, the plants were transferred into a medium containing 3, 5, 6.3 μmol/L Cu. On the 4th day of exposure, the levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured; after 7 days, the specific growth rate, the level of damage, the change in the frond area, copper concentration in plant tissues were determined. RESULTS The action of γ-radiation (18, 42, 63 Gy) and copper ions (3, 5, 6.3 μmol/L) reduced the growth rate, increased the membrane lipid peroxidation, reduced the area of the fronds more significantly than under the separate action of the factors. The factors acted antagonistically on the specific growth rate. The content of copper in the tissues of irradiated plants (42, 63 Gy) increased. CONCLUSION Irradiation of duckweed with acute doses of gamma radiation reduced the resistance of plants to excess copper in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Bodnar
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Cheban
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Li H, Mo F, Li Y, Wang M, Li Z, Hu H, Deng W, Zhang R. Effects of silver(I) toxicity on microstructure, biochemical activities, and genic material of Lemna minor L. with special reference to application of bioindicator. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:22735-22748. [PMID: 32323236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this research, several biochemical variations in plant of Lemna minor L. were investigated to reflect Ag+ toxicity. Lemna minor L. changed colorless AgNO3 to colloidal brown at doses equal to and greater than 1 mg L-1. Optical and fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of bright spots in roots of tested plant related to Ag/Ag2O-NPs. Photosynthetic pigment contents of Lemna minor L. declined upon exposure to Ag+ with an evidently higher decrease in chlorophyll a than in chlorophyll b. Similarly, Ag+ treatment caused an evident reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The reduction in antioxidase activity was significantly higher in POD than in SOD and CAT. Ag+ treatment resulted in a significant increment in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content as the judging criteria of cellular injury which showed sign of dose-related. The alterations occurred in RAPD profiles of treated samples following Ag+ toxicity containing loss of normal bands, appearance of new bands, and variation in band intensities compared with the normal plants. In addition, morphological character and biomass of Lemna minor L. subjected to increasing Ag+ concentrations were evaluated to reveal Ag+ toxicity. Our study demonstrated that Lemna minor L. have a high sensitivity to indicate fluctuation of water quality. It would be beneficial that modulating the genotype of Lemna minor L. to bear high proportion of contaminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Fan Mo
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wenhe Deng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Cesare F, Pietrini F, Zacchini M, Mugnozza GS, Macagnano A. Catechol-Loading Nanofibrous Membranes for Eco-Friendly Iron Nutrition of Plants. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1315. [PMID: 31540053 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture requires more efficient and low-impact products and formulations than traditional agrochemicals to improve crop yields. Iron is a micronutrient essential for plant growth and photosynthesis, but it is mostly present in insoluble forms in ecosystems so that it is often limiting for plants. This study was aimed at combining natural strategies and biodegradable nanostructured materials to create environmentally friendly and low-toxic bioactive products capable of both supplying iron to Fe-deficient plants and reducing the impact of agricultural products on the environment. Consequently, free-standing electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone/polyhydroxybutyrate thin membranes loaded with catechol (CL-NMs) as an iron-chelating natural agent (at two concentrations) were fabricated on purpose to mobilize Fe from insoluble forms and transfer it to duckweed (Lemna minor L.) plants. The effectiveness of CL-NMs in providing iron to Fe-deficient plants, upon catechol release, tested in duckweeds grown for 4 days under controlled hydroponic conditions, displayed temporal variations in both photosynthetic efficiency and biometric parameters measured by chlorophyll fluorescence and growth imaging. Duckweeds supplied with CL-NMs hosting higher catechol concentrations recovered most of the physiological and growth performances previously impaired by Fe limitation. The absence of short-term toxicity of these materials on duckweeds also proved the low impact on ecosystems of these products.
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Modlitbová P, Hlaváček A, Švestková T, Pořízka P, Šimoníková L, Novotný K, Kaiser J. The effects of photon-upconversion nanoparticles on the growth of radish and duckweed: Bioaccumulation, imaging, and spectroscopic studies. Chemosphere 2019; 225:723-734. [PMID: 30903846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) were treated with an aqueous dispersion of carboxylated silica-coated photon-upconversion nanoparticles containing rare-earth elements (Y, Yb, and Er). The total concentration of rare earths and their bioaccumulation factors were determined in root, hypocotyl, and leaves of R. sativus after 72 h, and in L. minor fronds after 168 h. In R. sativus, translocation factors were determined as the ratio of rare earths concentration in hypocotyl versus root and in leaves versus hypocotyl. The lengths of the root and hypocotyl in R. sativus, as well as the frond area in L. minor, were monitored as toxicity endpoints. To distinguish rare earth bioaccumulation patterns, two-dimensional maps of elemental distribution in the whole R. sativus plant and L. minor fronds were obtained by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a lateral resolution of 100 μm. Moreover, the bioaccumulation was inspected using a photon-upconversion laser microscanner. The results revealed that the tested nanoparticles became adsorbed onto L. minor fronds and R. sativus roots, as well as transferred from roots through the hypocotyl and into leaves of R. sativus. The bioaccumulation patterns and spatial distribution of rare earths in nanoparticle-treated plants therefore differed from those of the positive control. Overall, carboxylated silica-coated photon-upconversion nanoparticles are stable, can easily translocate from roots to leaves, and are expected to become adsorbed onto the plant surface. They are also significantly toxic to the tested plants at nominal concentrations of 100 and 1000 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Modlitbová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Švestková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pořízka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Šimoníková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Novotný
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Modlitbová P, Novotný K, Pořízka P, Klus J, Lubal P, Zlámalová-Gargošová H, Kaiser J. Comparative investigation of toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd-based quantum dots and Cd salt in freshwater plant Lemna minor L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 147:334-341. [PMID: 28858706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of two different sources of cadmium, i.e. CdCl2 and Cd-based Quantum Dots (QDs), for freshwater model plant Lemna minor L. Cadmium telluride QDs were capped with two coating ligands: glutathione (GSH) or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). Growth rate inhibition and final biomass inhibition of L. minor after 168-h exposure were monitored as toxicity endpoints. Dose-response curves for Cd toxicity and EC50168h values were statistically evaluated for all sources of Cd to uncover possible differences among the toxicities of tested compounds. Total Cd content and its bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in L. minor after the exposure period were also determined to distinguish Cd bioaccumulation patterns with respect to different test compounds. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with lateral resolution of 200µm was employed in order to obtain two-dimensional maps of Cd spatial distribution in L. minor fronds. Our results show that GSH- and MPA-capped Cd-based QDs have similar toxicity for L. minor, but are significantly less toxic than CdCl2. However, both sources of Cd lead to similar patterns of Cd bioaccumulation and distribution in L. minor fronds. Our results are in line with previous reports that the main mediators of Cd toxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic plants are Cd2+ ions dissolved from Cd-based QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Modlitbová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Novotný
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pořízka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Klus
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Lubal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Zlámalová-Gargošová
- Faculty of Chemistry - The Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Yaseen DA, Scholz M. Treatment of synthetic textile wastewater containing dye mixtures with microcosms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1980-1997. [PMID: 29110231 PMCID: PMC5766706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the ability of microcosms (laboratory-scale shallow ponds) as a post polishing stage for the remediation of artificial textile wastewater comprising two commercial dyes (basic red 46 (BR46) and reactive blue 198 (RB198)) as a mixture. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of Lemna minor L. (common duckweed) on the water quality outflows; the elimination of dye mixtures, organic matter, and nutrients; and the impact of synthetic textile wastewater comprising dye mixtures on the L. minor plant growth. Three mixtures were prepared providing a total dye concentration of 10 mg/l. Findings showed that the planted simulated ponds possess a significant (p < 0.05) potential for improving the outflow characteristics and eliminate dyes, ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in all mixtures compared with the corresponding unplanted ponds. The removal of mixed dyes in planted ponds was mainly due to phyto-transformation and adsorption of BR46 with complete aromatic amine mineralisation. For ponds containing 2 mg/l of RB198 and 8 mg/l of BR46, removals were around 53%, which was significantly higher than those for other mixtures: 5 mg/l of RB198 and 5 mg/l of BR46 and 8 mg/l of RB198 and 2 mg/l of BR46 achieved only 41 and 26% removals, respectively. Dye mixtures stopped the growth of L. minor, and the presence of artificial wastewater reduced their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Yaseen
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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Yaseen DA, Scholz M. Comparison of experimental ponds for the treatment of dye wastewater under controlled and semi-natural conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:16031-16040. [PMID: 28537020 PMCID: PMC5506514 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the performance of simulated shallow ponds vegetated with Lemna minor L. under controlled and semi-natural conditions for the treatment of simulated wastewater containing textile dyes. The objectives were to assess the water quality outflow parameters, the potential of L. minor concerning the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and four azo dyes (Acid blue 113, reactive blue 198, Direct Orange 46 and Basic Red 46) and the plants' growth rate. Findings show that all mean outflow values of COD, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower within the outdoor compared to the indoor experiment except the dissolved oxygen (DO). The COD removal was low for both experiments. The outflow TDS values were acceptable for all ponds. The pond systems were able to reduce only BR46 significantly (p < 0.05) for the tested boundary conditions. Removals under laboratory conditions were better than those for semi-natural environments, indicating the suitability of operating the pond system as a polishing step in warmer regions. The mean outflow values of zinc and copper were below the thresholds set for drinking and irrigation waters and acceptable for L. minor. The dyes inhibited the growth of the L. minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Yaseen
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Sasmaz M, Arslan Topal EI, Obek E, Sasmaz A. The potential of Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L. to remove Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in gallery water in a mining area in Keban, Turkey. J Environ Manage 2015; 163:246-253. [PMID: 26332457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate removal efficiencies of Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in gallery water in a mining area in Keban, Turkey by Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L. These plants were placed in the gallery water of Keban Pb-Zn ore deposits and adapted individually fed to the reactors. During the study period (8 days), the plant and water samples were collected daily and the temperature, pH, and electric conductivity of the gallery water were measured daily. The plants were washed, dried, and burned at 300 °C for 24 h in a drying oven. These ash and water samples were analyzed by ICP-MS to determine the amounts of Cu, Pb, Zn, and As. The Cu, Pb, Zn and As concentrations in the gallery water of the study area detected 67, 7.5, 7230, and 96 μg L(-1), respectively. According to the results, the obtained efficiencies in L. minor L. and L. gibba L. are: 87% at day 2 and 36% at day 3 for Cu; 1259% at day 2 and 1015% at day 2 for Pb; 628% at day 3 and 382% at day 3 for Zn; and 7070% at day 3 and 19,709% at day 2 for As, respectively. The present study revealed that both L. minor L. and L. gibba L. had very high potential to remove Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in gallery water contaminated by different ores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Sasmaz
- Firat University, Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Elazığ 23119, Turkey.
| | | | - Erdal Obek
- Firat University, Dept. of Bioengineering, Elazığ 23119, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Sasmaz
- Firat University, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Elazığ 23119, Turkey.
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Zezulka S, Kummerová M, Babula P, Váňová L. Lemna minor exposed to fluoranthene: growth, biochemical, physiological and histochemical changes. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 140-141:37-47. [PMID: 23751793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent one of the major groups of organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a common aquatic plant widely used in phytotoxicity tests for xenobiotic substances. The goal of this study was to assess the growth and the physiological, biochemical and histochemical changes in duckweed exposed for 4 and 10 days to fluoranthene (FLT, 0.1 and 1 mgL(-1)). Nonsignificant changes in number of plants, biomass production, leaf area size, content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids and parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence recorded after 4 and 10 days of exposure to FLT were in contrast with considerable changes at biochemical and histochemical levels. Higher occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by an exposure to FLT after 10 days as compared to control (hydrogen peroxide elevated by 13% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) and by 41% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT; superoxide anion radical by 52% and 115% respectively) reflected in an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase by 3% in both treatments, catalase by 9% and 1% respectively, ascorbate peroxidase by 21% and 5% respectively, guaiacol peroxidase by 12% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) FLT). Even the content of antioxidant compounds like ascorbate (by 20% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT) or total thiols (reduced forms by 15% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) and 8% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT, oxidized forms by 36% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) FLT) increased. Increased amount of ROS was followed by an increase in malondialdehyde content (by 33% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) and 79% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT). Whereas in plants treated by the 0.1 mgL(-1) FLT the contents of total proteins and phenols increased by 15% and 25%, respectively, the 1 mgL(-1) FLT caused decrease of their contents by 32% and 7%. Microscopic observations of duckweed roots also confirmed the presence of ROS and related histochemical changes at the cellular and tissue levels. The assessment of phytotoxicity of organic pollutant in duckweed based only on the evaluation of growth parameters could not fully cover the irreversible changes already running at the level of biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stěpán Zezulka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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