1
|
Felix FA, Zhou J, Li D, Onodera S, Yu Q. Endogenous IL-22 contributes to the pathogenesis of salivary gland dysfunction in the non-obese diabetic model of Sjögren's syndrome. Mol Immunol 2024; 173:20-29. [PMID: 39018744 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily targeting the salivary and lacrimal glands. Our previous investigations have shown that administration of interleukin-22 (IL-22), an IL-10 family cytokine known for its complex and context-dependent effects on tissues, either protective- or detrimental, to salivary glands leads to hypofunction and pathological changes of salivary glands in C57BL/6 mice and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the latter being a commonly used model of Sjӧgren's syndrome. This study aims to delineate the pathophysiological roles of endogenously produced IL-22 in the development of salivary gland pathologies and dysfunction associated with Sjӧgren's disease in the NOD mouse model. Our results reveal that neutralizing IL-22 offered a protective effect on salivary gland function without significantly affecting the immune cell infiltration of salivary glands or the autoantibody production. Blockade of IL-22 reduced the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in salivary gland tissues of NOD mice, while its administration to salivary glands had the opposite effect. Correspondingly, the detrimental impact of exogenously applied IL-22 on salivary glands was almost completely abrogated by a specific STAT3 inhibitor. Moreover, IL-22 blockade led to a downregulation of protein amounts of Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase critical for mediating interferon-induced responses, in salivary gland epithelial cells. IL-22 neutralization also exerted a protective effect on the salivary gland epithelial cells that express high levels of surface EpCAM and bear the stem cell potential, and IL-22 treatment in vitro hampered the survival/expansion of these salivary gland stem cells, indicating a direct negative impact of IL-22 on these cells. In summary, this study has uncovered a critical pathogenic role of the endogenous IL-22 in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's disease-characteristic salivary gland dysfunction and provided initial evidence that this effect is dependent on STAT3 activation and potentially achieved through fostering Tet2-mediated interferon responses in salivary gland epithelial cells and negatively affecting the EpCAMhigh salivary gland stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Aragão Felix
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States; Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology, and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jing Zhou
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Dongfang Li
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-chou, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Qing Yu
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi W, Tian J, Wang G, Yan Y, Wang T, Wei Y, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang J. Advances in cellular and molecular pathways of salivary gland damage in Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405126. [PMID: 39050857 PMCID: PMC11266040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysfunction of exocrine glands. Primarily affected are the salivary glands, which exhibit the most frequent pathological changes. The pathogenesis involves susceptibility genes, non-genetic factors such as infections, immune cells-including T and B cells, macrophage, dendritic cells, and salivary gland epithelial cells. Inflammatory mediators such as autoantibodies, cytokines, and chemokines also play a critical role. Key signaling pathways activated include IFN, TLR, BAFF/BAFF-R, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, among others. Comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Thus, this study explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SS-related salivary gland damage, aiming to propose novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Qi
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiexiang Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li XX, Maitiyaer M, Tan Q, Huang WH, Liu Y, Liu ZP, Wen YQ, Zheng Y, Chen X, Chen RL, Tao Y, Yu SL. Emerging biologic frontiers for Sjogren's syndrome: Unveiling novel approaches with emphasis on extra glandular pathology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377055. [PMID: 38828450 PMCID: PMC11140030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction, leading to dry eyes and mouth. Despite growing interest in biologic therapies for pSS, FDA approval has proven challenging due to trial complications. This review addresses the absence of a molecular-target-based approach to biologic therapy development and highlights novel research on drug targets and clinical trials. A literature search identified potential pSS treatment targets and recent advances in molecular understanding. Overlooking extraglandular symptoms like fatigue and depression is a notable gap in trials. Emerging biologic agents targeting cytokines, signal pathways, and immune responses have proven efficacy. These novel therapies could complement existing methods for symptom alleviation. Improved grading systems accounting for extraglandular symptoms are needed. The future of pSS treatment may involve gene, stem-cell, and tissue-engineering therapies. This narrative review offers insights into advancing pSS management through innovative biologic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maierhaba Maitiyaer
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Hui Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Ping Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiang Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Lin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shui Lian Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan C, Yang X, Yan L, Shi Z. Oxidative stress is two-sided in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6806. [PMID: 38715546 PMCID: PMC11077289 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress caused by elevated ROS, as a novel therapeutic mechanism, has been implicated in various tumors including AML. AML cells are chronically under oxidative stress, yet overreliance on ROS production makes tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further damage. Reducing the cytotoxic effect of ROS on normal cells while killing leukemia stem cell (LSC) with high levels of reactive oxygen species is a new challenge for oxidative stress therapy in leukemia. METHODS By searching literature databases, we summarized recent relevant studies. The relationship of ROS on AML genes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors, and the correlation of ROS with AML bone marrow microenvironment and autophagy were summarized. In addition, we summarize the current status of research on ROS and AML therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the research progress on redox resistance in AML. RESULTS This review discusses the evidence showing the link between redox reactions and the progression of AML and compiles the latest research findings that will facilitate future biological studies of redox effects associated with AML treatment. CONCLUSION We believe that exploiting this unique oxidative stress property of AML cells may provide a new way to prevent relapse and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Lixiang Yan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Zhexin Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song D, Yang Q, Li X, Chen K, Tong J, Shen Y. The role of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in acquired corneal diseases. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109748. [PMID: 38081573 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Acquired corneal diseases such as dry eye disease (DED), keratitis and corneal alkali burns are significant contributors to vision impairment worldwide, and more effective and innovative therapies are urgently needed. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in cell metabolism, inflammation and the immune response. Studies have shown that regulators of this pathway are extensively expressed in the cornea, inducing significant activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling in specific acquired corneal diseases. The activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling contributes to various pathophysiological processes in the cornea, including inflammation, neovascularization, fibrosis, and wound healing. In the context of DED, the hypertonic environment activates JAK/STAT3 signaling to stimulate corneal inflammation. Inflammation and injury progression in infectious keratitis can also be modulated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, JAK/STAT3 signaling is involved in every stage of corneal repair after alkali burns, including acute inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Treatments modulating JAK/STAT3 signaling have shown promising results in attenuating corneal damage, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target. Thus, this review emphasizes the multiple roles of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in common acquired corneal disorders and summarizes the current achievements of JAK/STAT3-targeting therapy to provide new insights into future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Mu Y, Zou Y, He Z, Lu T, Wang X, Li W, Gao B. Conjoint research of WGCNA, single-cell transcriptome and structural biology reveals the potential targets of IDD development and treatment and JAK3 involvement. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14764-14790. [PMID: 38095643 PMCID: PMC10781489 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study conducted integrated analysis of bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), to comprehensively decode the most essential genes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD); then mainly focused on the JAK3 macromolecule to identify natural compounds to provide more candidate drug options in alleviating IDD. METHODS In the first part, we performed single-cell transcriptome analysis and WGCNA workflow to delineate the most pivotal genes of IDD. Then series of structural biology approaches and high-throughput virtual screening techniques were performed to discover potential compounds targeting JAK-STAT signaling pathway, such as Libdock, ADMET, precise molecular docking algorithm and in-vivo drug stability assessment. RESULTS Totally 4 hub genes were determined in the development of IDD, namely VEGFA, MMP3, TNFSF11, and TIMP3, respectively. Then, 3 novel natural materials, ZINC000014952116, ZINC000003938642 and ZINC000072131515, were determined as potential compounds, with less toxicities and moderate ADME characteristics. In-vivo drug stability assessment suggested that these drugs could interact with JAK3, and their ligand-JAK3 complexes maintained the homeostasis in-vivo, which acted as regulatory role to JAK3 protein. Among them, ZINC000072131515, also known as Menaquinone, demonstrated significant protective roles to alleviate the progression of IDD in vitro, which proved the nutritional therapy in alleviating IDD. CONCLUSIONS This study reported the essential genes in the development of IDD, and also the roles of Menaquinone to ameliorate IDD through inhibiting JAK3 protein. This study also provided more options and resources on JAK3 targeted screening, which may further expand the drug resources in the pharmaceutical market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuxue Mu
- Aerospace Clinical Medical Center, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujia Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Sports Teaching and Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianxing Lu
- Zonglian College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xin Xiang 453100, China
| | - Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li M, Li M, Qiao L, Wu C, Xu D, Zhao Y, Zeng X. Role of JAK-STAT signaling pathway in pathogenesis and treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2297-2306. [PMID: 37185152 PMCID: PMC10538906 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease with high prevalence and possible poor prognosis. Though the pathogenesis of pSS has not been fully elucidated, B cell hyperactivity is considered as one of the fundamental abnormalities in pSS patients. It has long been identified that Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway contributes to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have provided evidence that JAK-STAT pathway also has an important role in the pathogenesis of pSS via direct or indirect activation of B cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT3, and STAT5 activated by various cytokines and ribonucleic acid contribute to pSS development, respectively or synergically. These results reveal the potential application of Janus kinase inhibitors for treatment of pSS, which may fundamentally improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mucong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bai W, Yang F, Xu H, Wei W, Li H, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Shi X, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Leng X. A multi-center, open-label, randomized study to explore efficacy and safety of baricitinib in active primary Sjogren's syndrome patients. Trials 2023; 24:112. [PMID: 36793118 PMCID: PMC9930286 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease involving multiple organ systems. The Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is a key pathway involving the pathogenesis of pSS. Baricitinib, a selective JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, has been approved for treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis and reported in treatment of some other autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus. We have found that baricitinib might be effective and safe in pSS in a pilot study. However, there is no published clinical evidence of baricitinib in pSS. Hence, we conducted this randomized study to further explore the efficacy and safety of baricitinib in pSS. METHODS This is a multi-center, prospective, open-label, randomized study to compare the efficacy of baricitinib + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with HCQ alone in pSS patients. We plan to involve 87 active pSS patients with European League Against Rheumatism pSS disease activity index (ESSDAI) ≥ 5 from eight different tertiary centers in China. Patients will be randomized (2:1) to receive baricitinib 4 mg per day + HCQ 400 mg per day or HCQ 400 mg per day alone. We will switch HCQ to baricitinib + HCQ if the patient in the latter group has no ESSDAI response at week 12. The final evaluation will be at week 24. The primary endpoint is the percentage of ESSDAI response, or minimal clinically important improvement (MCII), which was defined as an improvement of ESSDAI at least three points at week 12. The secondary endpoints include EULAR pSS patient-reported index (ESSPRI) response, change of Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score, serological activity parameters, salivary gland function test, and focus score on labial salivary gland biopsy. DISCUSSION This is the first randomized controlled study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of baricitinib in pSS. We hope that the result of this study can provide more reliable evidence of the efficacy and safety of baricitinib in pSS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05016297. Registered on 19 Aug 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.424020.00000 0004 0369 1054National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, 100730 Beijing, China ,grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Fan Yang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.424020.00000 0004 0369 1054National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, 100730 Beijing, China ,grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Huji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- grid.413375.70000 0004 1757 7666Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- grid.470966.aDepartment of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Yi Zhao
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.460007.50000 0004 1791 6584Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, 100730, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing, 100730, China. .,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xiaomei Leng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, 100730, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing, 100730, China. .,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhan Q, Zhang J, Lin Y, Chen W, Fan X, Zhang D. Pathogenesis and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome: Review and update. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127417. [PMID: 36817420 PMCID: PMC9932901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease accompanied by multiple lesions. The main manifestations include dryness of the mouth and eyes, along with systemic complications (e.g., pulmonary disease, kidney injury, and lymphoma). In this review, we highlight that IFNs, Th17 cell-related cytokines (IL-17 and IL-23), and B cell-related cytokines (TNF and BAFF) are crucial for the pathogenesis of SS. We also summarize the advances in experimental treatment strategies, including targeting Treg/Th17, mesenchymal stem cell treatment, targeting BAFF, inhibiting JAK pathway, et al. Similar to that of SLE, RA, and MS, biotherapeutic strategies of SS consist of neutralizing antibodies and inflammation-related receptor blockers targeting proinflammatory signaling pathways. However, clinical research on SS therapy is comparatively rare. Moreover, the differences in the curative effects of immunotherapies among SS and other autoimmune diseases are not fully understood. We emphasize that targeted drugs, low-side-effect drugs, and combination therapies should be the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinzou Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Qiu CY, Tao YJ, Cheng L. Epigenetic modifications in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Front Genet 2023; 13:1089647. [PMID: 36699454 PMCID: PMC9868256 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1089647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has brought a huge socioeconomic burden. However, its mechanism is still elusive, which may involve genetic, environmental and some other factors. Epigenetic analyses have been conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying CRS. Here, we reviewed the fruits in the epigenetic studies on DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. We concluded that the epigenetic research on CRS has made great breakthroughs, especially in the past 5 years and the field of microRNAs. "Epigenetic therapies" are expected to be designed to treat CRS in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Yu Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,International Centre for Allergy Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Jin Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yue-Jin Tao, ; Lei Cheng,
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,International Centre for Allergy Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yue-Jin Tao, ; Lei Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
JAK/STAT Pathway Targeting in Primary Sjögren Syndrome. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 3:95-102. [PMID: 36788973 PMCID: PMC9895869 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune systemic disease mainly affecting exocrine glands and resulting in disabling symptoms, as dry eye and dry mouth. Mechanisms underlying pSS pathogenesis are intricate, involving multiplanar and, at the same time, interlinked levels, e.g., genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications and the dysregulation of both immune system and glandular-resident cellular pathways, mainly salivary gland epithelial cells. Unravelling the biological and molecular complexity of pSS is still a great challenge but much progress has been made in recent years in basic and translational research field, allowing the identification of potential novel targets for therapy development. Despite such promising novelties, however, none therapy has been specifically approved for pSS treatment until now. In recent years, growing evidence has supported the modulation of Janus kinases (JAK) - signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways as treatment strategy immune mediated diseases. JAK-STAT pathway plays a crucial role in autoimmunity and systemic inflammation, being involved in signal pathways of many cytokines. This review aims to report the state-of-the-art about the role of JAK-STAT pathway in pSS, with particular focus on available research and clinical data regarding the use of JAK inhibitors in pSS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ridgewell D, Thalayasingam N, Ng WF. Sjögren's syndrome: shedding light on emerging and key drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:869-882. [PMID: 36576336 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2157259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by sicca syndrome, musculoskeletal pain, and fatigue. Extra-glandular manifestations are common and there is a markedly increased risk of lymphoma development. SS is associated with high health-economic burden driven largely by the symptom burden on patients. Currently, there is no approved disease-modifying treatment and management is based on empirical evidence. Progress in the understanding of SS pathogenesis has led to an expanding portfolio of more targeted therapies under development. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the key development in targeted biological therapies in SS including emerging targets. It also highlights the challenges in therapeutic development in SS such as disease heterogeneity and defining appropriate disease assessment tools to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. EXPERT OPINION Early trials in SS failed to meet their primary outcomes which may in part due to the use of inappropriate or insensitive study endpoints. Recent trials targeting B-cells, B-T cell co-stimulation and IFN signaling have shown promising results. Development of composite endpoints including patient reported outcomes and objective disease measure may provide a more holistic approach to disease assessment. The impact of these new tools on therapeutic development that benefit patients remains to be fully evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Ridgewell
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nishanthi Thalayasingam
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sebastian A, Madej M, Gajdanowicz P, Sebastian M, Łuczak A, Zemelka-Wiącek M, Jutel M, Wiland P. Interferon Gamma Targeted Therapy: Is It Justified in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185405. [PMID: 36143051 PMCID: PMC9504735 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathomechanism of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is multifactorial. Many cytokines take part in this process, including interferon. The study aimed to quantify certain cytokines involved in the pathomechanism of primary Sjögren syndrome (IL2, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL13, TNFα, IFNγ) and determine their common clinical correlation. On this basis, we discuss the potential use of anti-cytokine drugs in pSS therapy. Methods: The study group consisted of adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pSS. Results: The most frequently detected cytokines were IFNγ (82% of patients), TNFα (70%), IL6 (50%), and IL2 (42.5%). In all patients, except for one patient, IFNγ was found in the presence of other specific cytokines. There was no difference in clinical symptoms, age, and laboratory test results between the group of patients with IL-6 + TNFα + IFNγ positive cytokine, and the group of patients in whom they were not detected. There was no correlation between the presence of IL5, IL13, IL2, IL6, IL10, TNFα and musculoskeletal symptoms, skin lesions, glandular domains, pulmonary neurological, lymphadenopathy, biological and hematological domains in ESSDAI (p > 0.05). Conclusions: IFNγ most likely plays a central role in the pathomechanism of the disease. We have not noticed a clinical correlation between the three most common cytokines (IL6, IFNγ and TNFα), preliminary research results open up the possibility of searching for new treatments for pSS. The lower percentage of patients with detectable levels of TNFα and IL6 may explain the ineffectiveness of drugs targeting cytokines in clinical trials to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Sebastian
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Madej
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gajdanowicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sebastian
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Łuczak
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wiland
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cooles FAH, Tarn J, Lendrem DW, Naamane N, Lin CM, Millar B, Maney NJ, Anderson AE, Thalayasingam N, Diboll J, Bondet V, Duffy D, Barnes MR, Smith GR, Ng S, Watson D, Henkin R, Cope AP, Reynard LN, Pratt AG, Isaacs JD. Interferon-α-mediated therapeutic resistance in early rheumatoid arthritis implicates epigenetic reprogramming. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1214-1223. [PMID: 35680389 PMCID: PMC9380486 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An interferon (IFN) gene signature (IGS) is present in approximately 50% of early, treatment naive rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) patients where it has been shown to negatively impact initial response to treatment. We wished to validate this effect and explore potential mechanisms of action. METHODS In a multicentre inception cohort of eRA patients (n=191), we examined the whole blood IGS (MxA, IFI44L, OAS1, IFI6, ISG15) with reference to circulating IFN proteins, clinical outcomes and epigenetic influences on circulating CD19+ B and CD4+ T lymphocytes. RESULTS We reproduced our previous findings demonstrating a raised baseline IGS. We additionally showed, for the first time, that the IGS in eRA reflects circulating IFN-α protein. Paired longitudinal analysis demonstrated a significant reduction between baseline and 6-month IGS and IFN-α levels (p<0.0001 for both). Despite this fall, a raised baseline IGS predicted worse 6-month clinical outcomes such as increased disease activity score (DAS-28, p=0.025) and lower likelihood of a good EULAR clinical response (p=0.034), which was independent of other conventional predictors of disease activity and clinical response. Molecular analysis of CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells demonstrated differentially methylated CPG sites and dysregulated expression of disease relevant genes, including PARP9, STAT1, and EPSTI1, associated with baseline IGS/IFNα levels. Differentially methylated CPG sites implicated altered transcription factor binding in B cells (GATA3, ETSI, NFATC2, EZH2) and T cells (p300, HIF1α). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that, in eRA, IFN-α can cause a sustained, epigenetically mediated, pathogenic increase in lymphocyte activation and proliferation, and that the IGS is, therefore, a robust prognostic biomarker. Its persistent harmful effects provide a rationale for the initial therapeutic targeting of IFN-α in selected patients with eRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faye A H Cooles
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jessica Tarn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dennis W Lendrem
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Najib Naamane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chung Ma Lin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ben Millar
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola J Maney
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy E Anderson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nishanthi Thalayasingam
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julie Diboll
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michael R Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Graham R Smith
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sandra Ng
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - David Watson
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rafael Henkin
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise N Reynard
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zachou K, Arvaniti P, Lyberopoulou A, Sevdali E, Speletas M, Ioannou M, Koukoulis GK, Renaudineau Y, Dalekos GN. Altered DNA methylation pattern characterizes the peripheral immune cells of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int 2022; 42:1355-1368. [PMID: 35108441 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the impact of DNA methylation modifications on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) pathogenesis and therapeutic response. We investigated the potential alterations of DNA methylation in AIH peripheral lymphocytes at diagnosis and remission. METHODS Ten AIH patients at diagnosis (time-point 1; AIH-tp1), 8/10 following biochemical response (time-point 2; AIH-tp2), 9 primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were investigated. Peripheral CD19(+) and CD4(+) cells were isolated. Global DNA methylation (5m C)/hydroxymethylation (5hm C) was studied by ELISAs. mRNA of DNA methylation (DNMT1/3A/3B) and their counteracting hydroxymethylation enzymes (TET1/2/3) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Epigenome wide association study (EWAS) was performed in CD4(+) cells (Illumina HumanMethylation 850 K array) in AIH and HC. Total 5m C/5hm C was also assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin-embedded liver sections. RESULTS Reduced TET1 and increased DNMT3A mRNA levels characterized CD19(+) and CD4(+)-lymphocytes from AIH-tp1 compared to HC and PBC, respectively, without affecting global DNA 5m C/5hm C. In AIH-tp1, CD4(+) DNMT3A expression was negatively correlated with serum IgG (P = .03). In remission, DNMT3A decreased in both CD19(+) and CD4(+) cells compared to AIH-tp1 (P = .02, P = .03 respectively). EWAS in CD4(+) cells from AIH patients confirmed important modifications in genes implicated in immune responses (HLA-DP, TNF, lnRNAs and CD86). IHC showed increased 5hm C staining of periportal infiltrating lymphocytes in AIH-tp1 compared to HC and PBC. CONCLUSION Altered TET1 and DNMT3A expressions, characterize peripheral lymphocytes in AIH. DNMT3A was associated with disease activity and decreased following remission. Gene DNA methylation modifications affect immunological pathways that may play an important role in AIH pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Zachou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Arvaniti
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Lyberopoulou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini Sevdali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George K Koukoulis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- INSERN U1291, CNR U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse Institute for infectious and inflammatory diseases, Toulouse, France.,Department of Immunology, Purpan University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kirchoff KE, Gomez SM. EMBER: multi-label prediction of kinase-substrate phosphorylation events through deep learning. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:2119-2126. [PMID: 35157015 PMCID: PMC9004653 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of proteins forms the backbone of signal transduction within the cell, enabling the coordination of numerous processes such as the cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although on the order of 105 phosphorylation events have been described, we know the specific kinase performing these functions for <5% of cases. The ability to predict which kinases initiate specific individual phosphorylation events has the potential to greatly enhance the design of downstream experimental studies, while simultaneously creating a preliminary map of the broader phosphorylation network that controls cellular signaling. RESULTS We describe Embedding-based multi-label prediction of phosphorylation events (EMBER), a deep learning method that integrates kinase phylogenetic information and motif-dissimilarity information into a multi-label classification model for the prediction of kinase-motif phosphorylation events. Unlike previous deep learning methods that perform single-label classification, we restate the task of kinase-motif phosphorylation prediction as a multi-label problem, allowing us to train a single unified model rather than a separate model for each of the 134 kinase families. We utilize a Siamese neural network to generate novel vector representations, or an embedding, of peptide motif sequences, and we compare our novel embedding to a previously proposed peptide embedding. Our motif vector representations are used, along with one-hot encoded motif sequences, as input to a classification neural network while also leveraging kinase phylogenetic relationships into our model via a kinase phylogeny-weighted loss function. Results suggest that this approach holds significant promise for improving the known map of phosphorylation relationships that underlie kinome signaling. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The data and code underlying this article are available in a GitHub repository at https://github.com/gomezlab/EMBER. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kirchoff
- Department of Computer Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shawn M Gomez
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ren Y, Cui G, Gao Y. Research progress on inflammatory mechanism of primary Sjögren syndrome. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:783-794. [PMID: 35347914 PMCID: PMC8931614 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease, in which a large number of lymphocytes infiltrate the exocrine glands and cause gland dysfunction. Its pathogenesis is related to the chronic inflammation of the exocrine glands caused by genetic factors, immunodeficiency or viral infection. Long-term inflammation leads to accelerated apoptosis of epithelial cells, disordered gland structure, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokine such as CXC subfamily ligand (CXCL) 12, CXCL13, B cell-activating factor (BAF), interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in submandibular gland. With the action of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, lymphocytes (mainly B cells) are induced to mature in secondary lymphoid organs and migrate to the submandibular gland to promotes the formation of germinal centers and the synthesis of autoantibodies. Meanwhile, innate lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells and mucosa-associated constant T cells as important immune cells, also participated in the inflammatory response of the submandibular gland in primary Sjögren syndrome through different mechanisms. This process involves the activation of multiple signal pathways such as JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, PD-1/PD-L1, TLR/MyD88/NF-κB, BAF/BAF-R and IFN. These signaling pathways interact with each other and are intricately complex, causing lymphocytes to continuously activate and invade the submandibular glands. This article reviews the latest literature to clarify the mechanism of submandibular gland inflammation in primary Sjögren syndrome, and to provide insights for further research.
Collapse
|
18
|
Das N, Menon NG, de Almeida LGN, Woods PS, Heynen ML, Jay GD, Caffery B, Jones L, Krawetz R, Schmidt TA, Dufour A. Proteomics Analysis of Tears and Saliva From Sjogren's Syndrome Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787193. [PMID: 34950038 PMCID: PMC8689002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by dysfunctional mucous membranes and dysregulated moisture-secreting glands resulting in various symptoms, including dry mouth and dry eyes. Here, we wanted to profile and compare the tear and saliva proteomes of SS patients to healthy controls. Tear and saliva samples were collected and subjected to an isotopic dimethylation labeling shotgun proteomics workflow to identify alterations in protein levels. In tear samples, we identified 83 upregulated and 112 downregulated proteins. Pathway enrichment analysis of the changing proteins by Metascape identified leukocyte transendothelial migration, neutrophil degranulation, and post-translation protein phosphorylation in tears of SS patients. In healthy controls' tears, an enrichment for proteins related to glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and apoptotic signaling pathway were identified. In saliva, we identified 108 upregulated and 45 downregulated proteins. Altered pathways in SS patients' saliva included cornification, sensory perception to taste and neutrophil degranulation. In healthy controls' saliva, an enrichment for proteins related to JAK-STAT signaling after interleukin-12 stimulation, phagocytosis and glycolysis in senescence were identified. Dysregulated protease activity is implicated in the initiation of inflammation and immune cell recruitment in SS. We identified 20 proteases and protease inhibitors in tears and 18 in saliva which are differentially expressed between SS patients and healthy controls. Next, we quantified endogenous proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein, in tear wash and saliva samples via a bead-based immune assay. We identified decreased levels of PRG4 in SS patients' tear wash compared to normal samples. Conversely, in saliva, we found elevated levels of PRG4 concentration and visualized PRG4 expression in human parotid gland via immunohistological staining. These findings will improve our mechanistic understanding of the disease and changes in SS patients' protein expression will help identify new potential drug targets. PRG4 is among the promising targets, which we identified here, in saliva, for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabangshu Das
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nikhil G. Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Luiz G. N. de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paige S. Woods
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Miriam L. Heynen
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Colafrancesco S, Barbati C, Priori R, Putro E, Giardina F, Gattamelata A, Monosi B, Colasanti T, Celia AI, Cerbelli B, Giordano C, Scarpa S, Fusconi M, Cavalli G, Berardicurti O, Gandolfo S, Nayar S, Barone F, Giacomelli R, De Vita S, Alessandri C, Conti F. Maladaptive autophagy in the pathogenesis of autoimmune epithelitis in Sjӧgren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:654-664. [PMID: 34748286 DOI: 10.1002/art.42018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) are key cellular drivers in the pathogenesis of primary Sjӧgren's Syndrome (pSS); however, the mechanisms sustaining SGECs activation in pSS remain undetermined. The aim of this study is to determine the role of autophagy in the survival and activation of SGECs in pSS. METHODS Primary SGECs isolated from minor salivary glands (SG) of patients with pSS or sicca syndrome were evaluated by flow-cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence to assess autophagy (autophagic-flux, LC3IIB, p62, LC3B+/LAMP1+ staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI, Caspase-3) and activation (ICAM, VCAM). Focus score and germinal centers presence was assessed in SG from the same patients to correlate with histological severity. Human salivary gland (HSG) cells were stimulated in vitro with PBMCs and serum from pSS patients in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors to determine changes in autophagy and epithelial cell activation. RESULTS SGECs from pSS patients (n=24) exhibited increased autophagy (autophagic-flux p=0.001; LC3IIB p=0.02; p62 p=0.064; LC3IIB/LAMP1+ staining), increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules (Bcl2 p=0.006), and reduced apoptosis (Annexin-V/PI p=0.002, Caspase-3 p=0.057) compared to sicca (n=16). Autophagy correlated with histologic disease severity. In vitro experiments on HSG cells stimulated with serum and PBMCs from pSS patients confirmed activation of autophagy and expression of adhesion molecules, which was reverted upon pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS In pSS SGECs, inflammation induces autophagy and pro-survival mechanisms, which promote SGEC activation and mirror histological severity. These findings indicate that autophagy is a central contributor to the pathogenesis of pSS and a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Colafrancesco
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Barbati
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - R Priori
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health Science, UniCamillus, Rome, Italy
| | - E Putro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Giardina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Gattamelata
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - B Monosi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - T Colasanti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - A I Celia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - B Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, oncological and anatomo-pathological sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Giordano
- Department of Radiological, oncological and anatomo-pathological sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Scarpa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Fusconi
- Department Organs of Sense, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy, and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - O Berardicurti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Gandolfo
- Clinic of Rheumatology, DAME, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - S Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Giacomelli
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - S De Vita
- Clinic of Rheumatology, DAME, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - C Alessandri
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Conti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Targeted Therapy for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Where are We Now? BioDrugs 2021; 35:593-610. [PMID: 34731460 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterized by dryness symptoms. This review briefly describes recent advances in the targeted therapies for pSS. Biologics evaluated for pSS treatment mainly include B cell-depleting agents, inhibitors of B cell activation, and agents that target co-signaling molecules or proinflammatory cytokines. Small molecule inhibitors that target signaling pathways have also been evaluated. However, current evidence for the efficacy of targeted therapies in pSS is still sparse. Although ianalumab (an anti-B cell-activating factor [BAFF]-receptor antibody) and iscalimab (an anti-CD40 antibody) are promising biologics for pSS, their efficacy still needs to be evaluated in larger clinical trials. For other biologics, clinical trials have found no differences versus placebo in the change from baseline in European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) score and fatigue score. Possible causes of the disappointing outcomes mainly include the inefficacy of those evaluated biologics in treating pSS, the high heterogeneous nature of pSS, irreversible exocrine glandular failure at advanced disease stages, inappropriate recruitment strategy in clinical trials, and outcome measures. Early diagnosis and glandular function-centered outcome measures may help to improve the current situation in the systemic therapy of pSS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a very important group of cytokines that are produced by innate immune cells but also act on adaptive immune cells. IFN-Is possess antiviral, antitumor, and anti-proliferative effects, as well are associated with the initiation and maintenance of autoimmune disorders. Studies have shown that aberrantly expressed IFN-Is and/or type I IFN-inducible gene signatures in the serum or tissues of patients with autoimmune disorders are linked to their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and disease activity. Type I interferonopathies with mutations in genes impacting the type I IFN signaling pathway have shown symptoms and characteristics similar to those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Furthermore, both interventions in animal models and clinical trials of therapies targeting the type I IFN signaling pathway have shown efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Our review aims to summarize the functions and targeted therapies (as well as clinical trials) of IFN-Is in both adult and pediatric autoimmune diseases, such as SLE, pediatric SLE (pSLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), Sjögren syndrome (SjS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), discussing the potential abnormal regulation of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications and providing a potential mechanism for pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for future clinical use.
Collapse
|
22
|
Giles H, Pratt G. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitors in the treatment of multiple myeloma: modulating the myeloma immune microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:420-422. [PMID: 33341927 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Giles
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Srivastava A, Makarenkova HP. Innate Immunity and Biological Therapies for the Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9172. [PMID: 33271951 PMCID: PMC7730146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting approximately 3% of the population in the United States. This disease has a female predilection and affects exocrine glands, including lacrimal and salivary glands. Dry eyes and dry mouths are the most common symptoms due to the loss of salivary and lacrimal gland function. Symptoms become more severe in secondary SS, where SS is present along with other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. It is known that aberrant activation of immune cells plays an important role in disease progression, however, the mechanism for these pathological changes in the immune system remains largely unknown. This review highlights the role of different immune cells in disease development, therapeutic treatments, and future strategies that are available to target various immune cells to cure the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen P. Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sabnis RW. Novel Amide-Substituted Heterocyclic Compounds for Treating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2083-2084. [PMID: 33214816 PMCID: PMC7667652 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP, 1230 Peachtree Street NE, Suite
3100, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arleevskaya MI, Larionova RV, Brooks WH, Bettacchioli E, Renaudineau Y. Toll-Like Receptors, Infections, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:172-181. [PMID: 31144208 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) that belong to the group of protein recognition receptor (PPR) provide an innate immune response following the sensing of conserved pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs) and changes in danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are generated as a consequence of cellular injury. Analysis of the TLR pathway has moreover offered new insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Indeed, a dysfunctional TLR-mediated response characterizes RA patients and participates in establishment of a chronic inflammatory state. Such an inappropriate TLR response has been attributed (i) to the report of important alterations in the microbiota and abnormal responses to infectious agents as part of RA; (ii) to the abnormal presence of TLR-ligands in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients; (iii) to the overexpression of TLR molecules; (iv) to the production of a large panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines downstream of the TLR pathway; and (v) to genetic variants and epigenetic factors in susceptible RA patients promoting a hyper TLR response. As a consequence, the development of promising therapeutic strategies targeting TLRs for the treatment and prevention of RA is emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R V Larionova
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Wesley H Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eléonore Bettacchioli
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM U1227, Hôpital Morvan, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM U1227, Hôpital Morvan, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hillion S, Arleevskaya MI, Blanco P, Bordron A, Brooks WH, Cesbron JY, Kaveri S, Vivier E, Renaudineau Y. The Innate Part of the Adaptive Immune System. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:151-154. [PMID: 31154567 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response provides a first line of defense against common microorganisms and, for more complex and/or recurring situations where pathogens must be eliminated, an adaptive immune response has emerged and evolved to provide better protection against subsequent infections. However, such dichotomy has to be reevaluated because innate B cells (e.g., B1 and marginal zone B cells) and the newly described innate lymphoid cells (iLC) have been found to exhibit innate-like properties, such as antigen internalization, regulatory B cell functions, and helper T cell activities. In addition, the production and function of natural antibodies (nAbs) by innate B cells and their capacity to activate the classical complement pathway constitute additional important mechanisms at the junction of innate and adaptive immunity as well as the recent integration of platelets into the innate immune spectrum. There is no doubt that these mechanisms present an advantage in immunity and homeostasis particularly during the first years of life, but arguments are arising to consider that these precursors may have detrimental effects in a variety of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, allergies and cancers, as well as in response to immunotherapy. Accordingly, and as presented in this special issue of Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology, a better comprehension of the key molecular and cellular actors implicated at the crossroads of the innate and adaptive immune response represents a new challenge in our understanding of the immunological and immunopathological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hillion
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Patrick Blanco
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Bordron
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Wesley H Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Srini Kaveri
- INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Brest, France. .,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, BP 824, F-29609, Brest, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Delen E, Doğanlar O. The Dose Dependent Effects of Ruxolitinib on the Invasion and Tumorigenesis in Gliomas Cells via Inhibition of Interferon Gamma-Depended JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2020; 63:444-454. [PMID: 32492985 PMCID: PMC7365278 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2019.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive for of brain tumor and treatment often fails due to the invasion of tumor cells into neighboring healthy brain tissues. Activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is essential for normal cellular function including angiogenesis, and has been proposed to have a pivotal role in glioma invasion. This study aimed to determine the dose-dependent effects of ruxolitinib, an inhibitor of JAK, on the interferon (IFN)-I/IFN-α/IFN-β receptor/STAT and IFN-γ/IFN-γ receptor/STAT1 axes of the IFN-receptor-dependent JAK/STAT signaling pathway in glioblastoma invasion and tumorigenesis in U87 glioblastoma tumor spheroids.
Methods We administered three different doses of ruxolitinib (50, 100, and 200 nM) to human U87 glioblastoma spheroids and analyzed the gene expression profiles of IFNs receptors from the JAK/STAT pathway. To evaluate activation of this pathway, we quantified the phosphorylation of JAK and STAT proteins using Western blotting.
Results Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that ruxolitinib led to upregulated of the IFN-α and IFN-γ while no change on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels. Additionally, we showed that ruxolitinib inhibited phosphorylation of JAK/STAT proteins. The inhibition of IFNs dependent JAK/STAT signaling by ruxolitinib leads to decreases of the U87 cells invasiveness and tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that ruxolitinib may inhibit glioma invasion and tumorigenesis through inhibition of the IFN-induced JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
Conclusion Collectively, our results revealed that ruxolitinib may have therapeutic potential in glioblastomas, possibly by JAK/STAT signaling triggered by IFN-α and IFN-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Delen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Charras A, Arvaniti P, Le Dantec C, Dalekos GN, Zachou K, Bordron A, Renaudineau Y. JAK Inhibitors and Oxidative Stress Control. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2814. [PMID: 31867003 PMCID: PMC6908489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a complex autoimmune epithelitis, with few treatment options, but the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors is promising because suppression of the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway improves sicca manifestations. Playing a primary and pathogenic role in disease development, the oxidative stress response is upregulated in activated salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) from patients with SjS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether JAK inhibitors would suppress SGEC activation in response to an oxidative stress. For this purpose, the human salivary gland (HSG) cell line was used, and cells were treated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or with interferons (IFN Type I and Type II), used as positive controls, to mimic activated SGECs as observed in SjS patients. Afterward, the levels of the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the regulatory programmed-death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were measured by real-time PCR and flow cytometry, and the STAT1/3 phosphorylation status was assessed by Western blotting. Using the HSG cell line, our results showed that both ICAM-1 and PD-L1 are induced by ROS through pSTAT3, and that this activation pathway is reversed by the use of JAK inhibitors, AG490 and ruxolitinib, as well as by N-acetylcysteine, which is a direct inhibitor of ROS. These findings open new perspectives regarding the pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities for SjS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Charras
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Pinelopi Arvaniti
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France.,Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christelle Le Dantec
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - George N Dalekos
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kaliopi Zachou
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anne Bordron
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Epigenetic Modifications in Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis: Sjögren's Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:epigenomes3030015. [PMID: 34968227 PMCID: PMC8594719 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can be classified as a model of generalized autoimmune epithelitis based on their frequent coexistence in clinical practice and the highly specific immune mediated injury of target epithelial cells. Both of these autoimmune diseases are characterized by female predominance, highly specific circulating autoantibodies, and immune-mediated destruction of the salivary and lachrymal glands and the biliary epithelial cells, respectively. Although the genetic predisposition has been well described for both diseases, genetic studies have failed to completely elucidate their pathogenesis. The recent integration of epigenetic data, analyzing the different cellular partners, opens new perspectives and allows for better understanding of these complex and still incurable diseases. Epigenetic studies on SjS have elucidated the role of DNA methylation alterations in disease pathogenesis, while epigenetic changes that influence expression of genes on the X chromosome have been implicated in the geo-variability and occurrence of PBC. The aim of this review is to describe the advances in epigenetics in the field of autoimmune epithelitis as well as to highlight how epigenetic changes could contribute to better understanding of disease pathogenesis and progression. These advances could yield insights on novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|