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Liu X, Hu X, Jing M, Huang L, You Y, Zhang Y, Li K, Tu Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Su J, Hejtmancik JF, Hou L, Ma X. Death associated protein like 1 acts as a novel tumor suppressor in melanoma by increasing the stability of P21 protein. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05067-0. [PMID: 38980592 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a primary malignant tumor with high lethality, which occurs in the skin and eye tissues, while the molecular mechanisms of melanomagenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we show that death-associated protein-like 1 (DAPL1) expression is lower in melanoma tissues than in paracancerous tissues or nevus tissues, and Uveal melanoma patients with lower DAPL1 expression have a poorer survival rate than those with higher expression of DAPL1. Overexpression of DAPL1 inhibits proliferation of cultured melanoma cells, whereas knockdown of DAPL1 increases cell proliferation. Tumor transplantation experiment results also demonstrate that DAPL1 inhibits tumorigenesis of melanoma cells both in subretinal and subcutaneous tissues of nude mice in vivo. Finally, DAPL1 inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells by increasing the protein level of P21 via decreasing the ubiquitin mediated degradation of P21 and promoting its stability. Conversely, knockdown of P21 neutralizes the effects of inhibition of DAPL1 on melanoma cell proliferation and enhances the severity of melanoma tumorigenesis. These results suggest that DAPL1 is a novel melanoma tumor suppressor gene and thus a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Meiyu Jing
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lijin Huang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yaqi You
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ke Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yunhai Tu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Youjia Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoyin Ma
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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2
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Brodzka S, Baszyński J, Rektor K, Hołderna-Bona K, Stanek E, Kurhaluk N, Tkaczenko H, Malukiewicz G, Woźniak A, Kamiński P. Immunogenetic and Environmental Factors in Age-Related Macular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6567. [PMID: 38928273 PMCID: PMC11203563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease, which often develops in older people, but this is not the rule. AMD pathogenesis changes include the anatomical and functional complex. As a result of damage, it occurs, in the retina and macula, among other areas. These changes may lead to partial or total loss of vision. This disease can occur in two clinical forms, i.e., dry (progression is slowly and gradually) and exudative (wet, progression is acute and severe), which usually started as dry form. A coexistence of both forms is possible. AMD etiology is not fully understood. Extensive genetic studies have shown that this disease is multifactorial and that genetic determinants, along with environmental and metabolic-functional factors, are important risk factors. This article reviews the impact of heavy metals, macro- and microelements, and genetic factors on the development of AMD. We present the current state of knowledge about the influence of environmental factors and genetic determinants on the progression of AMD in the confrontation with our own research conducted on the Polish population from Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Regions. Our research is concentrated on showing how polluted environments of large agglomerations affects the development of AMD. In addition to confirming heavy metal accumulation, the growth of risk of acute phase factors and polymorphism in the genetic material in AMD development, it will also help in the detection of new markers of this disease. This will lead to a better understanding of the etiology of AMD and will help to establish prevention and early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Brodzka
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Jędrzej Baszyński
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Rektor
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Karolina Hołderna-Bona
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emilia Stanek
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Halina Tkaczenko
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Grażyna Malukiewicz
- Department of Eye Diseases, University Hospital No. 1, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Karłowicz St. 24, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
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Tillmann A, Ceklic L, Dysli C, Munk MR. Gender differences in retinal diseases: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:317-333. [PMID: 38348562 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Gender medicine is a medical specialty that addresses gender differences in health and disease. Traditionally, medical research and clinical practice have often been focused on male subjects and patients. As a result, gender differences in medicine have been overlooked. Gender medicine considers the biological, psychological, and social differences between the genders and how these differences affect the development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. For ophthalmological diseases epidemiological differences are known. However, there are not yet any gender-based ophthalmic treatment approaches for women and men. This review provides an overview of gender differences in retinal diseases. It is intended to make ophthalmologists, especially retinologists, more sensitive to the topic of gender medicine. The goal is to enhance comprehension of these aspects by highlighting fundamental gender differences. Integrating gender medicine into ophthalmological practice helps promote personalized and gender-responsive health care and makes medical research more accurate and relevant to the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tillmann
- Augenarzt-Praxisgemeinschaft Gutblick, Pfäffikon, Switzerland
| | - Lala Ceklic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Photographic Reading Center, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Dysli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Photographic Reading Center, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion R Munk
- Augenarzt-Praxisgemeinschaft Gutblick, Pfäffikon, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Photographic Reading Center, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Kushwah N, Bora K, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Chen J. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1379. [PMID: 37507918 PMCID: PMC10376043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in aging-related eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and glaucoma. With age, antioxidant reparative capacity decreases, and excess levels of reactive oxygen species produce oxidative damage in many ocular cell types underling age-related pathologies. In AMD, loss of central vision in the elderly is caused primarily by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and degeneration and/or choroidal neovascularization that trigger malfunction and loss of photo-sensing photoreceptor cells. Along with various genetic and environmental factors that contribute to AMD, aging and age-related oxidative damage have critical involvement in AMD pathogenesis. To this end, dietary intake of antioxidants is a proven way to scavenge free radicals and to prevent or slow AMD progression. This review focuses on AMD and highlights the pathogenic role of oxidative stress in AMD from both clinical and experimental studies. The beneficial roles of antioxidants and dietary micronutrients in AMD are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ma X, Chen H, Jian S, He J, Liu Y, Han S, Chang L, Li P, Chen YA, Liu X, Hu X, Chen Y, Hou L. DAPL1 deficiency in mice impairs antioxidant defenses in the RPE and leads to retinal degeneration with AMD-like features. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102675. [PMID: 36933392 PMCID: PMC10031543 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The decreased antioxidant capacity in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the hallmark of retinal degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Nevertheless, the exact regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of retinal degenerations remain largely unknown. Here we show in mice that deficiencies in Dapl1, a susceptibility gene for human AMD, impair the antioxidant capacity of the RPE and lead to age-related retinal degeneration in the 18-month-old mice homozygous for a partial deletion of Dapl1. Dapl1-deficiency is associated with a reduction of the RPE's antioxidant capacity, and experimental re-expression of Dapl1 reverses this reduction and protects the retina from oxidative damage. Mechanistically, DAPL1 directly binds the transcription factor E2F4 and inhibits the expression of MYC, leading to upregulation of the transcription factor MITF and its targets NRF2 and PGC1α, both of which regulate the RPE's antioxidant function. When MITF is experimentally overexpressed in the RPE of DAPL1 deficient mice, antioxidation is restored and retinas are protected from degeneration. These findings suggest that the DAPL1-MITF axis functions as a novel regulator of the antioxidant defense system of the RPE and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ma
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.
| | - Huaicheng Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Shuhui Jian
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Junhao He
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Youjia Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shuxian Han
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Lifu Chang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ying-Ao Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.
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6
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Saravanan M, Xu R, Roby O, Wang Y, Zhu S, Lu A, Du J. Tissue-Specific Sex Difference in Mouse Eye and Brain Metabolome Under Fed and Fasted States. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 36892534 PMCID: PMC10010444 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visual physiology and various ocular diseases demonstrate sexual dimorphisms; however, how sex influences metabolism in different eye tissues remains undetermined. This study aims to address common and tissue-specific sex differences in metabolism in the retina, RPE, lens, and brain under fed and fasted conditions. Methods After ad libitum fed or being deprived of food for 18 hours, mouse eye tissues (retina, RPE/choroid, and lens), brain, and plasma were harvested for targeted metabolomics. The data were analyzed with both partial least squares-discriminant analysis and volcano plot analysis. Results Among 133 metabolites that cover major metabolic pathways, we found 9 to 45 metabolites that are sex different in different tissues under the fed state and 6 to 18 metabolites under the fasted state. Among these sex-different metabolites, 33 were changed in 2 or more tissues, and 64 were tissue specific. Pantothenic acid, hypotaurine, and 4-hydroxyproline were the top commonly changed metabolites. The lens and the retina had the most tissue-specific, sex-different metabolites enriched in the metabolism of amino acid, nucleotide, lipids, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The lens and the brain had more similar sex-different metabolites than other ocular tissues. The female RPE and female brain were more sensitive to fasting with more decreased metabolites in amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycles, and glycolysis. The plasma had the fewest sex-different metabolites, with very few overlapping changes with tissues. Conclusions Sex has a strong influence on eye and brain metabolism in tissue-specific and metabolic state-specific manners. Our findings may implicate the sexual dimorphisms in eye physiology and susceptibility to ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghashri Saravanan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Olivia Roby
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Siyan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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7
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Chen LJ, Chen ZJ, Pang CP. Latest Development on Genetics of Common Retinal Diseases. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:228-251. [PMID: 36971708 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many complex forms of retinal diseases are common and pan-ethnic in occurrence. Among them, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and central serous choroid retinopathy involve both choroidopathy and neovascularization with multifactorial etiology. They are sight-threatening and potentially blinding. Early treatment is crucial to prevent disease progression. To understand their genetic basis, candidate gene mutational and association analyses, linkage analysis, genome-wide association studies, transcriptome analysis, next-generation sequencing, which includes targeted deep sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing have been conducted. Advanced genomic technologies have led to the identification of many associated genes. But their etiologies are attributed to complicated interactions of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Onset and progression of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy are affected by aging, smoking, lifestyle, and variants in over 30 genes. Although some genetic associations have been confirmed and validated, individual genes or polygenic risk markers of clinical value have not been established. The genetic architectures of all these complex retinal diseases that involve sequence variant quantitative trait loci have not been fully delineated. Recently artificial intelligence is making an impact in the collection and advanced analysis of genetic, investigative, and lifestyle data for the establishment of predictive factors for the risk of disease onset, progression, and prognosis. This will contribute to individualized precision medicine for the management of complex retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital Eye Centre, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Pediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Ji Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Pediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Centre of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Ma X, Han S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li P, Liu X, Chang L, Chen YA, Chen F, Hou Q, Hou L. DAPL1 prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the retinal pigment epithelium and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:158. [PMID: 36841807 PMCID: PMC9968328 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hallmark of the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that can lead to severe vision loss. Nevertheless, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PVR remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of death-associated protein-like 1 (DAPL1) is downregulated in PVR membranes and that DAPL1 deficiency promotes EMT in RPE cells in mice. In fact, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated DAPL1 overexpression in RPE cells of Dapl1-deficient mice inhibited EMT in physiological and retinal-detachment states. In a rabbit model of PVR, ARPE-19 cells overexpressing DAPL1 showed reduced ability to induce experimental PVR, and AAV-mediated DAPL1 delivery attenuated the severity of experimental PVR. Furthermore, a mechanistic study revealed that DAPL1 promotes P21 phosphorylation and its stabilization partially through NFκB (RelA) in RPE cells, whereas the knockdown of P21 led to neutralizing effects on DAPL1-dependent EMT inhibition and enhanced the severity of experimental PVR. These results suggest that DAPL1 acts as a novel suppressor of RPE-EMT and has an important role in antagonizing the pathogenesis of experimental PVR. Hence, this finding has implications for understanding the mechanism of and potential therapeutic applications for PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ma
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.
| | - Shuxian Han
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China ,grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Youjia Liu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Pingping Li
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Lifu Chang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Ying-ao Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Qiang Hou
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.
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9
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Wang Z, Huang X, Lv X, Chen C, Qu S, Ma X, Zhang L, Bi Y. Bioinformatic analysis identifies potential key genes in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3347-3355. [PMID: 36018119 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3211_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in older individuals. More studies focused on screening the genes, which may be correlated with the development of AMD. With advances in various technologies like multiple microarray datasets, researchers could identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) more accurately. Exploring abnormal gene expression in disease status can help to understand pathophysiological changes in complex diseases. This study aims to identify the key genes and upstream regulators in AMD and reveal factors, especially genetic association, and the prognosis of the development of this disease. Methods Data from expression profile GSE125564 and profile GSE29801 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We analyzed DEGs using R software (version 3.6.3). Functional enrichment and PPI network analysis were performed using the R package and online database STRING (version 11.0). Results We compared AMD with normal and found 68 up-regulated genes (URGs) and 25 down-regulated genes (DRGs). We also compared wet AMD with dry AMD and found 41 DRGs in dry AMD. Further work including PPI network analysis, GO classification, and KEGG analysis was done to find connections with AMD. The URGs were mainly enriched in the biological process such as DNA replication, nucleoplasm, extracellular exosome, and cadherin binding. Besides, DRGs were mainly enriched in these functions such as an integral component of membrane and formation of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB). Conclusion This study implied that core genes might involve in the process of AMD. Our findings may contribute to revealing the pathogenesis, developing new biomarkers, and raising strategies of treatment for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlong Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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DuBose CO, Daum JR, Sansam CL, Gorbsky GJ. Dynamic Features of Chromosomal Instability during Culture of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071157. [PMID: 35885940 PMCID: PMC9318709 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential for regenerative medicine. By reprogramming a patient′s own cells, immunological rejection can be avoided during transplantation. For expansion and gene editing, iPSCs are grown in artificial culture for extended times. Culture affords potential danger for the accumulation of genetic aberrations. To study these, two induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines were cultured and periodically analyzed using advanced optical mapping to detect and classify chromosome numerical and segmental changes that included deletions, insertions, balanced translocations and inversions. In one of the lines, a population trisomic for chromosome 12 gained dominance over a small number of passages. This appearance and dominance of the culture by chromosome 12 trisomic cells was tracked through intermediate passages by the analysis of chromosome spreads. Mathematical modeling suggested that the proliferation rates of diploid versus trisomic cells could not account for the rapid dominance of the trisomic population. In addition, optical mapping revealed hundreds of structural variations distinct from those generally found within the human population. Many of these structural variants were detected in samples obtained early in the culturing process and were maintained in late passage samples, while others were acquired over the course of culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey O. DuBose
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.O.D.); (J.R.D.)
| | - John R. Daum
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.O.D.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Christopher L. Sansam
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.O.D.); (J.R.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gary J. Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.O.D.); (J.R.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Confirming the TMEM232 gene associated with atopic dermatitis through targeted capture sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21830. [PMID: 34750414 PMCID: PMC8576034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and complex skin disorder, and the 5q22.1 region had been reported to be associated with AD. To confirm the susceptibility gene for AD in the 5q22.1 region by haplotype and targeted capture sequencing. The haplotypes were reconstructed with the genotyping data of four SNPs and six deletions from 3624 Chinese Hans AD patients and 5076 controls. The targeted capture sequencing spanning 5q22.1 region was performed in the selected samples. The gene level enrichment analysis was done using loss of function variants. A total of 62 haplotypes were found, and the H15 haplotype had the strongest association with AD (P = 3.92 × 10-10, OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.09-0.32). However, no co-segregation mutation sites were found in the sequencing analysis within the 16 selected samples, while the enrichment analysis indicated that TMEM232 was significantly associated with AD (P = 7.33 × 10-5, OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19-0.58). This study confirms previous findings that the TMEM232 gene is associated with AD by haplotype analysis and targeted capture sequencing.
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12
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Voigt AP, Mullin NK, Whitmore SS, DeLuca AP, Burnight ER, Liu X, Tucker BA, Scheetz TE, Stone EM, Mullins RF. Human photoreceptor cells from different macular subregions have distinct transcriptional profiles. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1543-1558. [PMID: 34014299 PMCID: PMC8330894 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human neural retina is a light sensitive tissue with remarkable spatial and cellular organization. Compared with the periphery, the central retina contains more densely packed cone photoreceptor cells with unique morphologies and synaptic wiring. Some regions of the central retina exhibit selective degeneration or preservation in response to retinal disease and the basis for this variation is unknown. In this study, we used both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing to compare gene expression within concentric regions of the central retina. We identified unique gene expression patterns of foveal cone photoreceptor cells, including many foveal-enriched transcription factors. In addition, we found that the genes RORB1, PPFIA1 and KCNAB2 are differentially spliced in the foveal, parafoveal and macular regions. These results provide a highly detailed spatial characterization of the retinal transcriptome and highlight unique molecular features of different retinal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nathaniel K Mullin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - S Scott Whitmore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam P DeLuca
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Erin R Burnight
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Todd E Scheetz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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13
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Gamulescu MA. [Gender medicine in ophthalmology : The "small difference" between women and men]. Ophthalmologe 2020; 117:831-842. [PMID: 32699941 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gender-specific or sex-specific medicine is part of "personalized" medicine. After differences in heart diseases between women and men were first identified and increasingly published in the field of cardiology since the 1980s, differences between the sexes have also become the focus of interest in other disciplines. Immunological and hormonal aspects indicate significant differences, e.g. in the severity of the disease or the response to treatment. Even in ophthalmology epidemiological differences in some diseases are known but so far these do not lead to a different approach in the practical treatment of patients. This CME article aims to raise awareness of gender medicine also in the field of ophthalmology and at the same time to promote understanding of these differences by presenting the fundamental differences between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gamulescu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
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14
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Ma X, Li H, Chen Y, Yang J, Chen H, Arnheiter H, Hou L. The transcription factor MITF in RPE function and dysfunction. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Khramtsova EA, Davis LK, Stranger BE. The role of sex in the genomics of human complex traits. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20:173-190. [PMID: 30581192 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all human complex traits and disease phenotypes exhibit some degree of sex differences, including differences in prevalence, age of onset, severity or disease progression. Until recently, the underlying genetic mechanisms of such sex differences have been largely unexplored. Advances in genomic technologies and analytical approaches are now enabling a deeper investigation into the effect of sex on human health traits. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into the genetic models and mechanisms that lead to sex differences in complex traits. This knowledge is critical for developing deeper insight into the fundamental biology of sex differences and disease processes, thus facilitating precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Khramtsova
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Center for Data Intensive Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Porter LF, Saptarshi N, Fang Y, Rathi S, den Hollander AI, de Jong EK, Clark SJ, Bishop PN, Olsen TW, Liloglou T, Chavali VRM, Paraoan L. Whole-genome methylation profiling of the retinal pigment epithelium of individuals with age-related macular degeneration reveals differential methylation of the SKI, GTF2H4, and TNXB genes. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:6. [PMID: 30642396 PMCID: PMC6332695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder of the central retina and the foremost cause of blindness. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a primary site of disease pathogenesis. The genetic basis of AMD is relatively well understood; however, this knowledge is yet to yield a treatment for the most prevalent non-neovascular disease forms. Therefore, tissue-specific epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation are of considerable interest in AMD. We aimed to identify differentially methylated genes associated with AMD in the RPE and differentiate local DNA methylation aberrations from global DNA methylation changes, as local DNA methylation changes may be more amenable to therapeutic manipulation. Methods Epigenome-wide association study and targeted gene expression profiling were carried out in RPE cells from eyes of human donors. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling (Illumina 450k BeadChip array) on RPE cells from 44 human donor eyes (25 AMD and 19 normal controls). We validated the findings using bisulfite pyrosequencing in 55 RPE samples (30 AMD and 25 normal controls) including technical (n = 38) and independent replicate samples (n = 17). Long interspersed nucleotide element 1 (LINE-1) analysis was then applied to assess global DNA methylation changes in the RPE. RT-qPCR on independent donor RPE samples was performed to assess gene expression changes. Results Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling identified differential methylation of multiple loci including the SKI proto-oncogene (SKI) (p = 1.18 × 10−9), general transcription factor IIH subunit H4 (GTF2H4) (p = 7.03 × 10−7), and Tenascin X (TNXB) (p = 6.30 × 10−6) genes in AMD. Bisulfite pyrosequencing validated the differentially methylated locus cg18934822 in SKI, and cg22508626 within GTF2H4, and excluded global DNA methylation changes in the RPE in AMD. We further demonstrated the differential expression of SKI, GTF2H4, and TNXB in the RPE of independent AMD donors. Conclusions We report the largest genome-wide methylation analysis of RPE in AMD along with associated gene expression changes to date, for the first-time reaching genome-wide significance, and identified novel targets for functional and future therapeutic intervention studies. The novel differentially methylated genes SKI and GTF2H4 have not been previously associated with AMD, and regulate disease pathways implicated in AMD, including TGF beta signaling (SKI) and transcription-dependent DNA repair mechanisms (GTF2H4). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0608-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Porter
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Eye and Vision Science, William Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Neil Saptarshi
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, William Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sonika Rathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko K de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Clark
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul N Bishop
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Venkata R M Chavali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, William Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Grassmann F, Kiel C, den Hollander AI, Weeks DE, Lotery A, Cipriani V, Weber BHF. Y chromosome mosaicism is associated with age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:36-41. [PMID: 30158665 PMCID: PMC6303255 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in industrialised countries, and thereby a major individual but also a socio-economic burden. Y chromosome loss in nucleated blood cells has been implicated in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer disease and was shown to be caused by increasing age, smoking and genetic factors. Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) in peripheral blood was estimated from normalised dosages of genotyping chip data covering the male-specific region of the Y chromosome. After quality control, we assessed the association of mLOY on AMD risk in 5772 male cases and 6732 male controls. In controls the prevalence of mLOY increased significantly with age, which is consistent with previous reports. Importantly, mLOY was associated with late-stage AMD with genome-wide significance (OR: 1.332 [95% CI: 1.206; 1.472], P = 1.60e-08), independent of age, the AMD genetic risk score and the first two principle components of ancestry. Additionally conditioning on smoking behaviour had no influence on the observed association strength. mLOY was strongest associated in individuals aged between 65 and 75 years. Taken together, mLOY is significantly associated with risk for AMD, independent of known and potential confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Valentina Cipriani
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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18
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Fernandez-Robredo P, Recalde S, Hernandez M, Zarranz-Ventura J, Molins B, Casaroli-Marano RP, Adan A, Saenz-de-Viteri M, García-Layana A. Novel Association of High C-Reactive Protein Levels and A69S at Risk Alleles in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Women. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1862. [PMID: 30154790 PMCID: PMC6102554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the main ARMS2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and gender in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD). Methods Our study included 131 patients with wetAMD [age-related eye disease study (AREDS) category 4] and 153 control participants (AREDS category 1) from two Spanish retinal units. CRP levels were determined on blood samples by high-sensitivity ELISA assay. According to their CRP level, subjects were categorized into three well-established CRP categories: low (<1.00 mg/L, L-CRP), moderate (1–2.99 mg/L, M-CRP), and high (>3.00 mg/L, H-CRP). Genomic DNA was extracted from oral swabs using QIAcube (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and the A69S; rs10490924 of ARMS2 gene was genotyped by allelic discrimination with validated TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age was used to analyze the genomic frequencies and to calculate odds ratio (OR) using SNPStats software. Results Considering CRP risk categories, H-CRP group showed a significant [OR 4.0 (1.9–8.3)] association with wetAMD compared to L-CRP group. The risk genotypes of A69S (TT) SNPs showed an association with wetAMD risk [OR 14.0 (4.8–40.8)]. Interestingly, the gender stratification of the CRP categories showed a significant increase in CRP levels in wetAMD women compared with control women [OR 6.9 (2.2–22.3)] and with wetAMD men [OR 4.6 (1.3–16.9)]. In addition, the subgroup analysis of CRP within A69S genotype and gender showed a link in women between the A69S and CRP levels in the AMD group compared to controls [OR 4.2 (1.4–12.6)]. Conclusion Our study shows, for the first time, that a different genetic association related with gender could contribute to AMD risk. As a consequence, the risk of female gender in the different CRP levels and A69S SNP frequencies could be taken into consideration to the established risk relationship of high levels of CRP and its association with risk A69S genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Zarranz-Ventura
- Hospital Clínic, Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Molins
- Hospital Clínic, Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Adan
- Hospital Clínic, Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Saenz-de-Viteri
- Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Royal Eye Infirmary, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Effect of dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on the transcriptional profile of bovine jejunal epithelium. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194445. [PMID: 29554113 PMCID: PMC5858768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG), an accelerated growth phenomenon which occurs following a period of dietary restriction is utilised worldwide in animal production systems as a management practise to lower feed costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of jejunal epithelial to CG in cattle through transcriptional profiling following a period of dietary restriction as well as subsequent re-alimentation induced CG. Sixty Holstein Friesian bulls were separated into two groups; RES and ADLIB, with 30 animals in each. RES animals were offered a restricted diet for 125 days (Period 1) followed by ad libitum feeding for 55 days (Period 2). ADLIB animals had ad libitum access to feed across both periods 1 and 2. At the end of each period, 15 animals from each treatment group were slaughtered, jejunal epithelium collected and RNAseq analysis performed. Animals that were previously diet restricted underwent CG, gaining 1.8 times the rate of their non-restricted counterparts. Twenty-four genes were differentially expressed in RES compared to ADLIB animals at the end of Period 1, with only one gene, GSTA1, differentially expressed between the two groups at the end of Period 2. When analysed within treatment (RES, Period 2 v Period 1), 31 genes were differentially expressed between diet restricted and animals undergoing CG. Dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation were associated with altered expression of genes involved in digestion and metabolism as well as those involved in cellular division and growth. Compensatory growth was also associated with greater expression of genes involved in cellular protection and detoxification in jejunal epithelium. This study highlights some of the molecular mechanisms regulating the response to dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation induced CG in cattle; however the gene expression results suggest that most of the CG in jejunal epithelium had occurred by day 55 of re-alimentation.
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20
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Ma X, Hua J, Zheng G, Li F, Rao C, Li H, Wang J, Pan L, Hou L. Regulation of cell proliferation in the retinal pigment epithelium: Differential regulation of the death-associated protein like-1 DAPL1 by alternative MITF splice forms. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:411-422. [PMID: 29171181 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate eye development and homoeostasis critically depend on the regulation of proliferation of cells forming the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Previous results indicated that the death-associated protein like-1 DAPL1 cell autonomously suppresses RPE proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Here, we show in human RPE cell lines that the pigment cell transcription factor MITF regulates RPE cell proliferation by upregulating DAPL1 expression. DAPL1 regulation by MITF is, however, mediated predominantly by (-) MITF, one of two alternative splice isoforms of MITF that lacks six residues located upstream of the DNA-binding basic domain. Furthermore, we find that the regulation of DAPL1 by MITF is indirect in that (-) MITF stimulates the transcription of Musashi homolog-2 (MSI2), which negatively regulates the processing of the anti-DAPL1 microRNA miR-7. Our results provide molecular insights into the regulation of RPE cell proliferation and quiescence and may help us understand the mechanisms of normal RPE maintenance and of eye diseases associated with either RPE hyperproliferation or the lack of regenerative proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ma
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hua
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guoxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunbao Rao
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huirong Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Pan
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Ma X, Li H, Wang Y, Wang J, Zheng Q, Hua J, Yang J, Pan L, Lu F, Qu J, Hou L. DAPL1, a susceptibility locus for age-related macular degeneration, acts as a novel suppressor of cell proliferation in the retinal pigment epithelium. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1612-1621. [PMID: 28334846 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms a monolayer at the back of the vertebrate eye and is fundamental to retinal function and homoeostasis. During early development, RPE cells undergo rapid proliferation, but in the adult, they remain normally nonproliferative throughout life. Nevertheless, under pathological conditions such as in proliferative vitreoretinopathy or after retinal ablation, mature RPE cells can re-enter the cell cycle and form nodules or multiple cell layers. Here we show that Dapl1, whose human homolog represents a susceptibility locus for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is highly up-regulated in quiescent but not proliferating RPE cells and that experimental overexpression of DAPL1 in proliferating RPE cells inhibits their proliferation. Consistent with this observation, the percent of Ki67-positive cells is significantly higher in E11.5 Dapl1 knockout mouse embryos compared to age-matched controls. In adult Dapl1-/- mice, which survive without showing any overt pathology, RPE overgrowth leads to multiple cell layers and/or cellular nodules. The antiproliferative effect of DAPL1 is associated with an increase in CDKN1A protein levels. Reduction of CDKN1A by siRNA in DAPL1-overexpressing RPE cells in vitro partially restores cell proliferation. Hence, we show that DAPL1 is a novel regulator of RPE cell proliferation that is important for the maintenance of the RPE as a monolayer. The findings suggest that DAPL1 dysregulation may be involved in abnormal RPE-related proliferative diseases and corresponding retinal dysfunctions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ma
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Huirong Li
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yipin Wang
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Qinxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Jiajia Hua
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Li Pan
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Labratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou 325003, China
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22
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Bergen AA. Nicotinamide, iRPE-in-a dish, and age-related macular degeneration therapy development. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:81. [PMID: 29057253 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Powers MS, Smith PH, McKee SA, Ehringer MA. From sexless to sexy: Why it is time for human genetics to consider and report analyses of sex. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:15. [PMID: 28473910 PMCID: PMC5415751 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Science has come a long way with regard to the consideration of sex differences in clinical and preclinical research, but one field remains behind the curve: human statistical genetics. The goal of this commentary is to raise awareness and discussion about how to best consider and evaluate possible sex effects in the context of large-scale human genetic studies. Over the course of this commentary, we reinforce the importance of interpreting genetic results in the context of biological sex, establish evidence that sex differences are not being considered in human statistical genetics, and discuss how best to conduct and report such analyses. Our recommendation is to run stratified analyses by sex no matter the sample size or the result and report the findings. Summary statistics from stratified analyses are helpful for meta-analyses, and patterns of sex-dependent associations may be hidden in a combined dataset. In the age of declining sequencing costs, large consortia efforts, and a number of useful control samples, it is now time for the field of human genetics to appropriately include sex in the design, analysis, and reporting of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Powers
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Phillip H. Smith
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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24
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Lambert NG, ElShelmani H, Singh MK, Mansergh FC, Wride MA, Padilla M, Keegan D, Hogg RE, Ambati BK. Risk factors and biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 54:64-102. [PMID: 27156982 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, much research and effort has been invested in the identification of different biomarkers to predict disease incidence, identify at risk individuals, elucidate causative pathophysiological etiologies, guide screening, monitoring and treatment parameters, and predict disease outcomes. To date, a host of genetic, environmental, proteomic, and cellular targets have been identified as both risk factors and potential biomarkers for AMD. Despite this, their use has been confined to research settings and has not yet crossed into the clinical arena. A greater understanding of these factors and their use as potential biomarkers for AMD can guide future research and clinical practice. This article will discuss known risk factors and novel, potential biomarkers of AMD in addition to their application in both academic and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Lambert
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Hanan ElShelmani
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Malkit K Singh
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Fiona C Mansergh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Michael A Wride
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Maximilian Padilla
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordia Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Ruth E Hogg
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science Block A, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Co.Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Although currently available treatment options for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are limited, particularly for atrophic AMD, the identification of predisposing genetic variations has informed clinical studies addressing therapeutic options such as complement inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents. To lower risk of early AMD, recommended lifestyle interventions such as the avoidance of smoking and the intake of low glycemic antioxidant-rich diets have largely followed from the identification of nongenetic modifiable factors. On the other hand, the challenge of understanding the complex relationship between aging and cumulative damage leading to AMD has fueled investigations of the visual cycle adducts that accumulate in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and are a hallmark of aging retina. These studies have revealed properties of these compounds that provide insights into processes that may compromise RPE and could contribute to disease mechanisms in AMD. This work has also led to the design of targeted therapeutics that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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26
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Multiallelic copy number variation in the complement component 4A (C4A) gene is associated with late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:81. [PMID: 27090374 PMCID: PMC4835888 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in Western societies with a strong genetic component. Candidate gene studies as well as genome-wide association studies strongly implicated genetic variations in complement genes to be involved in disease risk. So far, no association of AMD with complement component 4 (C4) was reported probably due to the complex nature of the C4 locus on chromosome 6. METHODS We used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to determine the copy number of the C4 gene as well as of both relevant isoforms, C4A and C4B, and assessed their association with AMD using logistic regression models. RESULTS Here, we report on the analysis of 2645 individuals (1536 probands and 1109 unaffected controls), across three different centers, for multiallelic copy number variation (CNV) at the C4 locus. We find strong statistical significance for association of increased copy number of C4A (OR 0.81 (0.73; 0.89);P = 4.4 × 10(-5)), with the effect most pronounced in individuals over 78 years (OR 0.67 (0.55; 0.81)) and females (OR 0.77 (0.68; 0.87)). Furthermore, this association is independent of known AMD-associated risk variants in the nearby CFB/C2 locus, particularly in females and in individuals over 78 years. CONCLUSIONS Our data strengthen the notion that complement dysregulation plays a crucial role in AMD etiology, an important finding for early intervention strategies and future therapeutics. In addition, for the first time, we provide evidence that multiallelic CNVs are associated with AMD pathology.
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27
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Friedrich U, Datta S, Schubert T, Plössl K, Schneider M, Grassmann F, Fuchshofer R, Tiefenbach KJ, Längst G, Weber BHF. Synonymous variants in HTRA1 implicated in AMD susceptibility impair its capacity to regulate TGF-β signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6361-73. [PMID: 26310622 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High-temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) is a secreted serine protease reported to play a role in the development of several cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Still, the mechanism underlying the disease processes largely remains undetermined. In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision impairment and blindness in industrialized societies, two synonymous polymorphisms (rs1049331:C>T, and rs2293870:G>T) in exon 1 of the HTRA1 gene were associated with a high risk to develop disease. Here, we show that the two polymorphisms result in a protein with altered thermophoretic properties upon heat-induced unfolding, trypsin accessibility and secretion behavior, suggesting unique structural features of the AMD-risk-associated HTRA1 protein. Applying MicroScale Thermophoresis and protease digestion analysis, we demonstrate direct binding and proteolysis of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) by normal HTRA1 but not the AMD-risk-associated isoform. As a consequence, both HTRA1 isoforms strongly differed in their ability to control TGF-β mediated signaling, as revealed by reporter assays targeting the TGF-β1-induced serpin peptidase inhibitor (SERPINE1, alias PAI-1) promoter. In addition, structurally altered HTRA1 led to an impaired autocrine TGF-β signaling in microglia, as measured by a strong down-regulation of downstream effectors of the TGF-β cascade such as phosphorylated SMAD2 and PAI-1 expression. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the effects of two synonymous HTRA1 variants on protein structure and protein interaction with TGF-β1. As a consequence, this leads to an impairment of TGF-β signaling and microglial regulation. Functional implications of the altered properties on AMD pathogenesis remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Friedrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Shyamtanu Datta
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 2bind GmbH, Josef Engert Straße 13, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Jürgen Tiefenbach
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and
| | - Gernot Längst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regensburg
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany,
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