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Estrogens Regulate Placental Angiogenesis in Horses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212116. [PMID: 34829994 PMCID: PMC8621320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A sufficient vascular network within the feto-maternal interface is necessary for placental function. Several pregnancy abnormalities have been associated with abnormal vascular formations in the placenta. We hypothesized that growth and expansion of the placental vascular network in the equine (Equus caballus) placenta is regulated by estrogens (estrogen family hormones), a hormone with a high circulating concentration during equine gestation. Administration of letrozole, a potent and specific inhibitor of aromatase, during the first trimester (D30 to D118), decreased circulatory estrone sulfate concentrations, increased circulatory testosterone and androstenedione concentrations, and tended to reduce the weight of the fetus (p < 0.1). Moreover, the gene expression of CYP17A1 was increased, and the expression of androgen receptor was decreased in the D120 chorioallantois (CA) of letrozole-treated mares in comparison to that of the control mares. We also found that at D120, the number of vessels tended to decrease in the CAs with letrozole treatment (p = 0.07). In addition, expression of a subset of angiogenic genes, such as ANGPT1, VEGF, and NOS2, were altered in the CAs of letrozole-treated mares. We further demonstrated that 17β-estradiol increases the expression of ANGPT1 and VEGF and increases the angiogenic activity of equine endothelial cells in vitro. Our results from the estrogen-suppressed group demonstrated an impaired placental vascular network, suggesting an estrogen-dependent vasculogenesis in the equine CA during the first trimester.
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Russell JJ, Grisanti LA, Brown SM, Bailey CA, Bender SB, Chandrasekar B. Reversion inducing cysteine rich protein with Kazal motifs and cardiovascular diseases: The RECKlessness of adverse remodeling. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109993. [PMID: 33781845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Reversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein With Kazal Motifs (RECK) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane-bound regulator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It is expressed throughout the body and plays a role in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. In initial studies, RECK expression was found to be downregulated in various invasive cancers and associated with poor prognostic outcome. Restoring RECK, however, has been shown to reverse the metastatic phenotype. Downregulation of RECK expression is also reported in non-malignant diseases, such as periodontal disease, renal fibrosis, and myocardial fibrosis. As such, RECK induction has therapeutic potential in several chronic diseases. Mechanistically, RECK negatively regulates various matrixins involved in cell migration, proliferation, and adverse remodeling by targeting the expression and/or activation of multiple MMPs, A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase Domain-Containing Proteins (ADAMs), and A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS). Outside of its role in remodeling, RECK has also been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. In cardiac diseases, for example, it has been shown to counteract several downstream effectors of Angiotensin II (Ang-II) that play a role in adverse cardiac and vascular remodeling, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)/glycoprotein 130 (IL-6 signal transducer) signaling and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) transactivation. This review article focuses on the current understanding of the multifunctional effects of RECK and how its downregulation may contribute to adverse cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Russell
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Scott M Brown
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Chastidy A Bailey
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Dalton Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - B Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Dalton Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
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Zheng WP, Meng FL, Wang LY. miR-544a Stimulates endometrial carcinoma growth via targeted inhibition of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101572. [PMID: 32525042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a female-specific malignant tumor. Although current treatments can achieve good outcomes and improve patient survival, there remains a high incidence of treatment-induced infertility, a serious side effect that is unacceptable to those of childbearing age. Studies have demonstrated that micro ribonucleic acids (microRNAs or miRNAs) such as miR-544a regulate tumor-related gene expression. However, whether miR-544a is involved in the progression of EC is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-544a in EC in vivo and in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed miR-544a overexpression in EC tissue and cell lines, which was associated with a decreased in overall survival as revealed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Functionally, the miR-544a inhibitor restricted the proliferation [detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay], invasion, and migration (detected by transwell assay) of human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (HEC-1B and Ishikawa) and facilitated cell apoptosis (detected by flow cytometry assay). Western blotting analysis revealed that the miR-544a inhibitor decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and elevated the levels of cleaved caspase3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, animal experiments indicated that the miR-544a antagonist (antagomir-544a) suppressed tumor growth significantly in a mouse xenograft model. The mechanistic, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical indications were that a reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) and miR-544a had inverse expression changes in EC. Bioinformatics analysis revealed RECK as a potential target for miR-544a, and this was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Subsequently, in vitro experiments, including transwell assay, MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, and Western blotting analysis, demonstrated that RECK exerted antitumor effects on EC, which were negatively regulated by miR-544a. Taken together, our study findings suggested miR-544a as a valuable target in EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Fan-Long Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changxing County Hospital, Changxing, PR China
| | - Lian-Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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Levin G, Coelho TM, Nóbrega NG, Trombetta-Lima M, Sogayar MC, Carreira ACO. Spatio-temporal expression profile of matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) modulators Reck and Sparc during the rat ovarian dynamics. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:116. [PMID: 30424792 PMCID: PMC6234678 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) and their tissue inhibitors (Timps) are widely recognized as crucial factors for extracellular matrix remodeling in the ovary and are involved in follicular growth, ovulation, luteinization, and luteolysis during the estrous cycle. Recently, several genes have been associated to the modulation of Mmps activity, including Basigin (Bsg), which induces the expression of Mmps in rat ovaries; Sparc, a TGF-β modulator that is related to increased expression of Mmps in cancer; and Reck, which is associated with Mmps inhibition. However, the expression pattern of Mmp modulators in ovary dynamics is still largely uncharacterized. METHODS To characterize the expression pattern of Mmps network members in ovary dynamics, we analyzed the spatio-temporal expression pattern of Reck and Sparc, as well as of Mmp2, Mmp9 and Mmp14 proteins, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in pre-pubertal rat ovaries obtained from an artificial cycle induced by eCG/hCG, in the different phases of the hormone-induced estrous cycle. We also determined the gene expression profiles of Mmps (2, 9, 13 14), Timps (1, 2, 3), Sparc, Bsg, and Reck to complement this panel. RESULTS IHC analysis revealed that Mmp protein expression peaks at the early stages of folliculogenesis and ovulation, decreases during ovulation-luteogenesis transition and luteogenesis, increasing again during corpus luteum maintenance and luteolysis. The protein expression patterns of these metalloproteinases and Sparc were inverse relative to the pattern displayed by Reck. We observed that the gene expression peaks of Mmps inhibitors Reck and Timp2 were closely paraleled by Mmp2 and Mmp9 suppression. The opposite was also true: increased Mmp2 and Mmp9 expression was concomitant to reduced Reck and Timp2 levels. CONCLUSION Therefore, our results generate a spatio-temporal expression profile panel of Mmps and their regulators, suggesting that Reck and Sparc seem to play a role during ovarian dynamics: Reck as a possible inhibitor and Sparc as an inducer of Mmps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Levin
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
| | - Tatiane Maldonado Coelho
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Nathali Guimarães Nóbrega
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-270 Brazil
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AbouGhalia AH, Khairy E, Fouad M, Boshnak HAA. Evaluation of RECK mRNA and RECK protein in tissue and serum of breast cancer patients. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on the Hypothalamus-Uterus in Pubertal Female Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111130. [PMID: 27845755 PMCID: PMC5129340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pollution of endocrine disruptors and its impact on human reproductive system have attracted much attention. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, is widely used in food packages, containers, medical supplies and children's toys. It can cause diseases such as infertility, sexual precocity and uterine bleeding and thus arouse concerns from the society and scholars. The effect of DEHP on pubertal female reproductive system is still not well-studied. This study was to investigate the effects of DEHP on the hypothalamus-uterus in pubertal female rats, reveal the reproductive toxicity of DEHP on pubertal female rats and its mechanism, and provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of toxicity and toxic mechanism of DEHP on reproductive system. Forty-eight pubertal female rats were randomly divided into four groups and respectively administered via oral gavage 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/d DEHP in 0.1 mL corn oil/20 g body weight for up to four weeks. Compared with control rats, the DEHP-treated rats showed: (1) higher gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) level in the hypothalamus; (2) higher protein levels of GnRH in the hypothalamus; and (3) higher mRNA and protein levels of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) in the uterus. Our data reveal that DEHP exposure may lead to a disruption in pubertal female rats and an imbalance of hypothalamus-uterus. Meanwhile, DEHP may, through the GnRH in the hypothalamus and its receptor on the uterus, lead to diseases of the uterus. DEHP may impose a negative influence on the development and functioning of the reproductive system in pubertal female rats.
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Expression and localization of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -7, -9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2, -3) in the chicken oviduct during pause in laying induced by tamoxifen. Theriogenology 2016; 88:50-60. [PMID: 27865412 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Induced pause in egg laying simulates natural molting events in which the hen's reproductive organs regress and rejuvenate. Such processes require extracellular matrix remodeling that is maintained, at least in part, by the action of proteolytic enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Nevertheless, information concerning the expression and hormonal regulation of MMP system members in chickens is scarce. Therefore, MMP-2, -7, and -9 and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2, -3) expression and localization were investigated in all segments of the domestic hen oviduct (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland, vagina) during a pause in egg laying induced by tamoxifen (TMX)-an estrogen receptor modulator. Hy-Line Brown hens were treated daily with TMX (n = 6) at a dose of 6 mg/kg of body weight or a vehicle (n = 6) until complete cessation of egg laying (for 7 days). Chickens were decapitated on Day 7 of the experiment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting revealed section-dependent expression of MMP-2, -7, -9 and TIMP-2 and -3. Immunohistochemistry found tissue and cell-dependent localization of examined proteins in the wall of the oviduct. The MMP-2, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were localized mainly in the luminal epithelium, MMP-7 in the luminal and glandular epithelium, whereas MMP-9 was detected only in the connective tissue. Treatment of chickens with TMX markedly elevated the relative expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 mRNA in the oviduct, but did not affect MMP-2, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 mRNA levels. However, TMX increased the MMP-2 protein level in the infundibulum, shell gland, and vagina as well as activity of MMP-2 evaluated by gelatin zymography. The results obtained indicate that MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 are involved in chicken oviduct regression. Moreover, changes in the expression and activity of chosen MMPs after TMX treatment may indicate a contribution of estrogen in the regulation of transcription, translation, and/or the activity of selected elements of the MMP system.
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