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Insua A, Galindo-Moreno P, Miron RJ, Wang HL, Monje A. Emerging factors affecting peri-implant bone metabolism. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:27-78. [PMID: 37904311 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Implant dentistry has evolved to the point that standard implant osseointegration is predictable. This is attributed in part to the advancements in material sciences that have led toward improvements in implant surface technology and characteristics. Nonetheless, there remain several cases where implant therapy fails (specifically at early time points), most commonly attributed to factors affecting bone metabolism. Among these patients, smokers are known to have impaired bone metabolism and thus be subject to higher risks of early implant failure and/or late complications related to the stability of the peri-implant bone and mucosal tissues. Notably, however, emerging data have unveiled other critical factors affecting osseointegration, namely, those related to the metabolism of bone tissues. The aim of this review is to shed light on the effects of implant-related factors, like implant surface or titanium particle release; surgical-related factors, like osseodensification or implanted biomaterials; various drugs, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, anti-hypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and statins, and host-related factors, like smoking, diet, and metabolic syndrome on bone metabolism, and aseptic peri-implant bone loss. Despite the infectious nature of peri-implant biological complications, these factors must be surveyed for the effective prevention and management of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Insua
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, affect a significant number of the global population. Several pathophysiological pathways for these disorders have been identified, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. In addition, life events, environmental factors, and lifestyle affect the onset, progression, and recurrence of mental health disorders. These may all overlap with periodontal and/or peri-implant disease. Mental health disorders are associated with more severe periodontal disease and, in some cases, poorer healing outcomes to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. They can result in behavior modification, such as poor oral hygiene practices, tobacco smoking, and alcohol abuse, which are also risk factors for periodontal disease and, therefore, may have a contributory effect. Stress has immunomodulatory effects regulating immune cell numbers and function, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production. Stress markers such as cortisol and catecholamines may modulate periodontal bacterial growth and the expression of virulence factors. Stress and some mental health disorders are accompanied by a low-grade chronic inflammation that may be involved in their relationship with periodontal disease and vice versa. Although the gut microbiome interacting with the central nervous system (gut-brain axis) is thought to play a significant role in mental illness, less is understood about the role of the oral microbiome. The evidence for mental health disorders on implant outcomes is lacking, but may mainly be through behaviourial changes. Through lack of compliance withoral hygiene and maintenance visits, peri-implant health can be affected. Increased smoking and risk of periodontal disease may also affect implant outcomes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been linked with higher implant failure. They have an anabolic effect on bone, reducing turnover, which could account for the increased loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Ball
- Centre for Rural Dentistry and Oral HealthCharles Sturt UniversityOrangeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ivan Darby
- Periodontics, Melbourne Dental SchoolThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Cleminson JR, Stuart AL, Pasco JA, Hodge JM, Berk M, Samarasinghe RM, Williams LJ. Dietary tryptophan and bone health: a cross-sectional, population-based study. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:167. [PMID: 33083938 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tryptophan metabolites influence bone. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary tryptophan and bone health in a population-based sample of men and women. Following adjustment for age, dietary tryptophan was not associated with bone quantity or quality, suggesting a non-critical role of superfluous tryptophan on the skeleton. PURPOSE Tryptophan metabolites, such as serotonin, influence bone. We sought to determine the relationship between dietary intake of tryptophan and bone health in a population-based study of men and women. METHODS Participants (1033 women and 900 men, aged 20-98 years) enrolled in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS) were investigated. Dietary information was collected using a validated questionnaire. Tryptophan levels were calculated (mg/day) in accordance with Food Standards Australia and New Zealand and dichotomised according to the median. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) was measured at the spine (postero-anterior projection) and total hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Stiffness index (SI), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) were derived from quantitative heel ultrasound. Linear regression models were used to test associations between dietary tryptophan and bone health, after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Tryptophan intakes ranged from 112 to 3796 mg/day (median 1035) in men and 115-2869 mg/day (median 885) in women. In men older than 45 years and women, a high tryptophan intake was associated with greater hip BMD compared to participants with a low tryptophan intake (p = 0.002 and p = 0.04, respectively); however, these relationships were attenuated by age (all p > 0.05). Participants with high tryptophan intake had greater BUA and SI compared to participants with low tryptophan intake (men; BUA, p = 0.02 and SI, p = 0.02, and women; BUA, p = 0.03 and SI, p = 0.08), yet also attenuated by age (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION No association was found between tryptophan intake and bone health in this population, which suggests a non-critical role of superfluous tryptophan consumption on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine R Cleminson
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Stuart
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Western Centre for Health Research & Education (WCHRE) Building, The University of Melbourne, Level 3/176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, 3021, Australia.,Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Jason M Hodge
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.,Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.,Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.,Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Rasika M Samarasinghe
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Lana J Williams
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.,Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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Silva CCG, Dos Santos MS, Monteiro JLGC, de Aguiar Soares Carneiro SC, do Egito Vasconcelos BC. Is there an association between the use of antidepressants and complications involving dental implants? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:96-103. [PMID: 32534847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate published evidence on the association between the use of antidepressants and complications involving dental implants. Two reviewers independently performed electronic searches of the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases for relevant articles published up to May 30, 2019. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for the appraisal of the methodological quality of the studies included. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the risk of dental implant failure in individuals taking antidepressants. Five comparative observational studies were selected for this review; these included a total of 2056 participants with 5302 implants. The results suggest a risk ratio of 3.73 (95% confidence interval 1.85-7.52, P=0.0002) for implant failure in antidepressant users submitted to oral rehabilitation when compared to non-users. However, these studies did not present methodological rigour or standardize the drugs used. Thus, there is insufficient evidence for an association between antidepressant use and dental implant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C G Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M S Dos Santos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J L G C Monteiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - B C do Egito Vasconcelos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Al Saedi A, Sharma S, Summers MA, Nurgali K, Duque G. The multiple faces of tryptophan in bone biology. Exp Gerontol 2020; 129:110778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gomes GH, Misawa MYO, Fernandes C, Pannuti CM, Saraiva L, Huynh-Ba G, Villar CC. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the survival rate of implants placed in previously failed sites. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e27. [PMID: 29723338 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the clinical outcomes of dental implants placed in previously early and late implant failed sites. An electronic literature search was conducted in several databases for articles published up to February 2018. Human clinical trials that received at least one implant in a previously failed site were included. Hence, the PICO question that was aimed to be addressed was: Do patients undergoing implant replacement (second and third attempts) in previous failed sites have survival rates similar to implants placed at first attempts? A random effects model was used to calculate survival weighted means and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) among studies. Eleven studies of low to moderate methodological quality were included in this review. Implants placed in sites with history of one and two implant failures had a weighted survival rate (SR) of 88.7% (95%CI 81.7-93.3) and 67.1% (95%CI 51.1-79.9), respectively. Implants placed in sites with a previous early failure revealed a weighted SR of 91.8% (95%CI 85.1-95.6). First implants presented higher SR than implants placed in sites with one or two previous implant failures. In contrast, implants placed in sites with one and two implant failures had similar SR. Within its limitations, this review suggests that replacement implants have moderate SR. Larger prospective studies with well-defined criteria for early and late implant failure are necessary to confirm and expand on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane Hisse Gomes
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Yuri Orita Misawa
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fernandes
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Mendes Pannuti
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Saraiva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guy Huynh-Ba
- Department of Periodontics, San Antonio Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Cunha Villar
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bernardes M, Vieira T, Lucas R, Pereira J, Costa L, Simões-Ventura F, Martins MJ. Serum serotonin levels and bone in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1891-1898. [PMID: 28993870 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease characterized by bone loss, increased levels of serotonin have been reported. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for circulating serotonin as a regulator of osteoblastogenesis, inhibiting bone formation. Thus, we measured serum serotonin levels (SSL) in a Portuguese sample of 205 RA patients and related these to anthropometric variables, disease parameters, serum bone biomarkers, and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at several sites (total proximal femur, lumbar spine, left hand, and left second proximal phalange). SSL were inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in RA women (r = - 0.218; p = 0.005), independent of exposure to biologics and/or bisphosphonates. Among biologic naïves, there was an inverse association between SSL and osteoprotegerin in RA women (r = - 0.260; p = 0.022). Serum β-CTX and dickkopf-1 were strongly associated with SSL in RA men not treated with bisphosphonates (r = 0.590; p < 0.001/r = 0.387; p = 0.031, respectively). There was also an inverse association between SSL and sclerostin in RA men (r = - 0.374; p < 0.05), stronger among biologic naïve or bisphosphonates-unexposed RA men. In crude models, SSL presented as a significant negative predictor of total proximal femur BMD in RA women as well as in postmenopausal RA women. After adjustment for BMI, disease duration, and years of menopause, SSL remained a significant negative predictor of total proximal femur BMD only in postmenopausal RA women. Our data reinforce a role, despite weak, for circulating serotonin in regulating bone mass in RA patients, with some differences in terms of gender and anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bernardes
- Department of Rheumatology, São João Hospital Center, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Vieira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lucas
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pereira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Costa
- Department of Rheumatology, São João Hospital Center, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Martins
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Liu X, Baarsma H, Thiam C, Montrone C, Brauner B, Fobo G, Heier JS, Duscha S, Königshoff M, Angeli V, Ruepp A, Campillos M. Systematic Identification of Pharmacological Targets from Small-Molecule Phenotypic Screens. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1302-1313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Hsu JT, Chen YJ, Ho JT, Huang HL, Wang SP, Cheng FC, Wu J, Tsai MT. A comparison of micro-CT and dental CT in assessing cortical bone morphology and trabecular bone microarchitecture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107545. [PMID: 25226587 PMCID: PMC4166457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the trabecular bone microarchitecture and cortical bone morphology by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and dental cone-beam computed tomography (dental CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen femurs and eight fifth lumbar vertebrae were collected from eight male Sprague Dawley rats. Four trabecular bone microarchitecture parameters related to the fifth lumbar vertebral body (percent bone volume [BV/TV], trabecular thickness [TbTh], trabecular separation [TbSp], and trabecular number [TbN]) were calculated using micro-CT. In addition, the volumetric cancellous bone grayscale value (vCanGrayscale) of the fifth lumbar vertebral body was measured using dental CT. Furthermore, four cortical bone morphology parameters of the femoral diaphysis (total cross-sectional area [TtAr], cortical area [CtAr], cortical bone area fraction [CtAr/TtAr], and cortical thickness [CtTh]) were calculated using both micro-CT and dental CT. Pearson analysis was conducted to calculate the correlation coefficients (r) of the micro-CT and dental CT measurements. Paired-sample t tests were used to compare the differences between the measurements of the four cortical bone morphology parameters obtained using micro-CT and dental CT. RESULTS High correlations between the vCanGrayscale measured using dental CT and the trabecular bone microarchitecture parameters (BV/TV [r = 0.84] and TbTh [r = 0.84]) measured using micro-CT were observed. The absolute value of the four cortical bone morphology parameters may be different between the dental CT and micro-CT approaches. However, high correlations (r ranged from 0.71 to 0.90) among these four cortical bone morphology parameters measured using the two approaches were obtained. CONCLUSION We observed high correlations between the vCanGrayscale measured using dental CT and the trabecular bone microarchitecture parameters (BV/TV and TbTh) measured using micro-CT, in addition to high correlations between the cortical bone morphology measured using micro-CT and dental CT. Further experiments are necessary to validate the use of dental CT on human bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Stem Cell Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ting Ho
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jay Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu X, Al-Abedalla K, Rastikerdar E, Abi Nader S, Daniel NG, Nicolau B, Tamimi F. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of osseointegrated implant failure: a cohort study. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1054-61. [PMID: 25186831 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514549378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most widely used drugs for the treatment of depression, have been reported to reduce bone formation and increase the risk of bone fracture. Since osseointegration is influenced by bone metabolism, this study aimed to investigate the association between SSRIs and the risk of failures in osseointegrated implants. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients treated with dental implants from January 2007 to January 2013. A total of 916 dental implants in 490 patients (94 implants on 51 patients using SSRIs) were used to estimate the risk of failure associated with the use of SSRIs. Data analysis involved Cox proportional hazards, generalized estimating equation models, multilevel mixed effects parametric survival analysis, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. After 3 to 67 mo of follow-up, 38 dental implants failed and 784 succeeded in the nonusers group, while 10 failed and 84 succeeded in the SSRI-users group. The main limitation of this retrospective study was that drug compliance dose and treatment period could not be acquired from the files of the patients. The primary outcome was that compared with nonusers of SSRIs, SSRI usage was associated with an increased risk of dental implants failure (hazard ratio, 6.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-31.61; p = .03). The failure rates were 4.6% for SSRI nonusers and 10.6% for SSRI users. The secondary outcomes were that small implant diameters (≤4 mm; p = .02) and smoking habits (p = .01) also seemed to be associated with higher risk of implant failure. Our findings indicate that treatment with SSRIs is associated with an increased failure risk of osseointegrated implants, which might suggest a careful surgical treatment planning for SSRI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - K Al-Abedalla
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E Rastikerdar
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Abi Nader
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N G Daniel
- East Coast Oral Surgery, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - B Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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