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Anelli V, Gatta E, Pirola I, Delbarba A, Rotondi M, Cappelli C. Thyroid impairment and male fertility: a narrative review of literature. Aging Male 2024; 27:2310303. [PMID: 38347677 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2310303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of thyroid function on male fertility, focusing on hypo- and hyperthyroidism. METHODS A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Original studies in English published online up to 31 May 2023 were selected and reviewed. The final reference list was defined based on the relevance of each paper to the scope of this review. RESULTS The available data in animals (31 studies) and human (26 studies) showed conflicting results. However, thyroid dysfunction altered erection and ejaculation both in animal models than in men. CONCLUSION Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism seem to cause ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Hence, Guidelines recommend against the systematic screening for thyroid disorders in the men in sub-fertile couples, but only in men with ejaculation and erectile dysfunction and/or altered semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Anelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Gatta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pirola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Delbarba
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Chorley BN, Klinefelter GR, Nelson GM, Strader LF, Nguyen HH, Schladweiler MC, Palmer G, Moore ML, Grindstaff RD, Padgett WT, Carswell GK, Fisher AA, Kodavanti UP, Dye JA, Miller CN. Episodic ozone exposure in Long-Evans rats has limited effects on cauda sperm motility and non-coding RNA populations. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108631. [PMID: 38830453 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests the potential for air pollutants to induce male reproductive toxicity. In experimental studies, exposure to ozone during sensitive windows in the sperm lifecycle has been associated with impaired sperm motility. Subsequently, we sought to investigate the effects of episodic exposure to ozone during sperm maturation in the rat. Long-Evans rats were exposed to either filtered air or ozone (0.4 or 0.8 ppm) for five non-consecutive days over two weeks. Ozone exposure did not impact male reproductive organ weights or sperm motility ∼24 hours following the final exposure. Furthermore, circulating sex hormones remained unchanged despite increased T3 and T4 in the 0.8 ppm group. While there was indication of altered adrenergic signaling attributable to ozone exposure in the testis, there were minimal impacts on small non-coding RNAs detected in cauda sperm. Only two piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were altered in the mature sperm of ozone-exposed rats (piR-rno-346434 and piR-rno-227431). Data across all rats were next analyzed to identify any non-coding RNAs that may be correlated with reduced sperm motility. A total of 7 microRNAs (miRNAs), 8 RNA fragments, and 1682 piRNAs correlated well with sperm motility. Utilizing our exposure paradigm herein, we were unable to substantiate the relationship between ozone exposure during maturation with sperm motility. However, these approaches served to identify a suite of non-coding RNAs that were associated with sperm motility in rats. With additional investigation, these RNAs may prove to have functional roles in the acquisition of motility or be unique biomarkers for male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Chorley
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Gary R Klinefelter
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Gail M Nelson
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Lillian F Strader
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Helen H Nguyen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Grant Palmer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Makala L Moore
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Rachel D Grindstaff
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - William T Padgett
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Gleta K Carswell
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anna A Fisher
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Janice A Dye
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Colette N Miller
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Santos LC, dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Cunha MCDSG, Santos BR, de Oliveira LS, da Silva AL, Barbosa EM, Niella RV, de Freitas GJC, Santos DDA, Serakides R, Ocarino NDM, Borges SC, de Lavor MSL, Silva JF. Kisspeptin-10 Improves Testicular Redox Status but Does Not Alter the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) That Is Downregulated by Hypothyroidism in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1514. [PMID: 38338793 PMCID: PMC10855899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism compromises the testicular redox status and is associated with reduced sperm quality and infertility in men. In this regard, studies have demonstrated the antioxidant potential of kisspeptin in reproductive and metabolic diseases. In this study, we evaluate the effects of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) on the testicular redox, as well as mediators of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in adult rats with hypothyroidism. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into the Control (n = 15), Hypo (n = 13) and Hypo + Kp10 (n = 14) groups, and hypothyroidism was induced with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) for three months. In the last month, half of the hypothyroid animals received Kp10. Testis samples were collected for enzymatic, immunohistochemical and/or gene evaluation of mediators of oxidative stress (TBARs, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), ROS, peroxynitrite, SOD, CAT and GPX), endoplasmic reticulum stress (GRP78, ATF6, PERK, CHOP, HO-1 and sXBP1) and antiapoptocytes (BCL-2). Hypothyroidism increased apoptosis index, TBARS and LOOH concentrations, and reduced testicular gene expression of Sod1, Sod2 and Gpx1, as well as the expression of Grp78, Atf6, Ho1 and Chop. Treatment with Kp10, in turn, reduced testicular apoptosis and the production of peroxynitrite, while increased SOD1 and GPX ½ expression, and enzymatic activity of CAT, but did not affect the lower expression of UPR mediators caused by hypothyroidism. This study demonstrated that hypothyroidism causes oxidative stress and dysregulated the UPR pathway in rat testes and that, although Kp10 does not influence the low expression of UPR mediators, it improves the testicular redox status, configuring it as an important antioxidant factor in situations of thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Jeane Martinha dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Galrão Cunha
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Luciana Santos de Oliveira
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Adriana Lopes da Silva
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Raquel Vieira Niella
- Veterinary Hospital, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (R.V.N.); (M.S.L.d.L.)
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.J.C.d.F.); (D.d.A.S.)
| | - Daniel de Assis Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.J.C.d.F.); (D.d.A.S.)
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.); (N.d.M.O.)
| | - Natália de Melo Ocarino
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.); (N.d.M.O.)
| | - Stephanie Carvalho Borges
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor
- Veterinary Hospital, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (R.V.N.); (M.S.L.d.L.)
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.); (J.M.d.A.C.); (M.C.d.S.G.C.); (B.R.S.); (L.S.d.O.); (A.L.d.S.); (E.M.B.); (S.C.B.)
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Corrêa DEDC, Bargi-Souza P, Oliveira IM, Razera A, Oliveira CA, Romano MA, Romano RM. Quantitative proteomic profile analysis of thyroid dysfunction effects on seminal vesicles and repercussions on male fertility. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112048. [PMID: 37633588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are associated with male reproductive disorders, but little is known about the influence of the thyroid hormone milieu on seminal vesicle (SV) function and metabolism. In this sense, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis induced in adulthood Wistar male rats on SV function and identified new thyroid hormone targets on male reproduction regulation using novel proteomic approaches. Hypothyroidism reduces SV size and seminal fluid volume, which are directly associated with low testosterone and estradiol levels, while thyrotoxicosis increases Esr2 and Dio1 expression in the SV. We found 116 differentially expressed proteins. Hypothyroidism reduces the expression of molecular protein markers related to sperm viability, capacitation and fertilization, protection against oxidative stress and energetic metabolism in SV, while it increases the expression of proteins related to tissue damage. In conclusion, thyroid dysfunction in the adult phase impairs several morphological, molecular and functional characteristics of SV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Razera
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alvarenga Oliveira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil.
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Santos LC, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva Santana L, Barbosa EM, Santos BR, Mendonça LD, Cunha MCDSG, Machado WM, Santana LR, Kersul MG, Henriques PC, Lopes RA, Snoeck PPDN, Szawka RE, Silva JF. Kisspeptin treatment reverses high prolactin levels and improves gonadal function in hypothyroid male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16819. [PMID: 37798396 PMCID: PMC10556046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether the administration of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) is capable of restoring gonadal function in hypothyroid male rats. Hypothyroidism was induced with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) for three months. In the last month, half of the hypothyroid animals were treated with Kp10. Hypothyroidism reduced testicular and sex gland mass, decreased the proliferation of the seminiferous epithelium, and compromised sperm morphology, motility, and vigor. A decrease in plasma LH and testosterone levels and an increase in prolactin secretion were observed in the hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism reduced Kiss1 and Kiss1r protein and gene expression and Star and Cyp11a1 mRNA levels in the testis. Furthermore, it reduced Lhb, Prl, and Drd2 and increased Tshb and Gnrhr expression in the pituitary. In the hypothalamus, hypothyroidism increased Pdyn and Kiss1r while reducing Gnrh1. Kp10 treatment in hypothyroid rats restored testicular and seminal vesicle morphology, improved sperm morphology and motility, reversed high prolactin levels, and increased LH and testosterone levels. In addition, Kp10 increased testicular expression of Kiss1, Kiss1r, Fshr, and Nr5a1 and pituitary Kiss1 expression. Our findings describe the inhibitory effects of hypothyroidism on the male gonadal axis and sperm quality and demonstrate that Kp10 treatment reverses high prolactin levels and improves gonadal function and sperm quality in hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Santana
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Dias Mendonça
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Galrão Cunha
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - William Morais Machado
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Santana
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Guimarães Kersul
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Costa Henriques
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araújo Lopes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paola Pereira das Neves Snoeck
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Atabaki B, Mirazi N, Hosseini A, Sarihi A, Izadi Z, Nourian A. Effect of Elettaria cardamomum L. on hormonal changes and spermatogenesis in the propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism male BALB/c mice. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e438. [PMID: 37403247 PMCID: PMC10495560 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spermatogenesis is significantly influenced by the thyroid gland. Thyroid disorders can be caused by a variety of factors. Traditionally, Ellettaria cardamomum has been used to treat a variety of ailments. The effects of E. cardamomum extract (ECE) on spermatogenesis in hypothyroid mice were investigated in this study. METHODS In this study 42 male mice, weighing (25-35 g) were randomly divided in six groups: control group (taking normal saline, 0.5 mL/day, by oral gavage [P.O.]), hypothyroid group (taking 0.1% propylthiouracil in drinking water for 2 weeks), hypothyroid groups treated by levothyroxine (15 mg/kg/day, P.O.) and hypothyroid groups treated by ECE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, P.O.). After the end of experiments the mice were anaesthetised and blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis. RESULTS The sperm count and microscopic studies of testes were done also. Our results showed that the T3 , T4 , testosterone levels and spermatogenesis in hypothyroid animals decreased and thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone increased compared with control group. Treatment by ECE reverse these effects in comparison with hypothyroid group. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, the ECE may stimulates thyroid gland function and increases testosterone and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Atabaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic SciencesBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Zahra Izadi
- Department of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Nahavand Higher Education ComplexBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
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An T, Lu L, Li G. Daily exposure to low concentrations Tetrabromobisphenol A interferes with the thyroid hormone pathway in HepG2 cells. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:384-391. [PMID: 38933766 PMCID: PMC11197689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a flame retardant that adversely affects the environment and human health. The present study exposed HepG2 cells to low concentrations of TBBPA daily to investigate the changes in gene regulation, mainly related to pathways associated with the endocrine system. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed that prolonged exposure gradually activated the thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone signaling pathways. The expression levels of genes related to the thyroid hormone signaling pathway were upregulated (1.15-8.54 times) after five generations of exposure to 1 and 81 nM TBBPA. Furthermore, co-exposure to 81 nM TBBPA and 0.5 nM thyroid hormone receptor antagonist for five generations significantly reduced the expression of thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptors. Meanwhile, 81 nM TBBPA inhibited the activation of the Ras pathway and downregulated Ras gene expression level (3.7 times), indicating the association between the toxic effect and thyroid hormone receptors. Additionally, our experiments revealed that the thyroid hormone pathway regulated the induction of the Ras signaling pathway by TBBPA. The study thus proves that daily exposure to TBBPA interferes with the thyroid hormone signaling pathway and subsequently the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lirong Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Mazzilli R, Medenica S, Di Tommaso AM, Fabozzi G, Zamponi V, Cimadomo D, Rienzi L, Ubaldi FM, Watanabe M, Faggiano A, La Vignera S, Defeudis G. The role of thyroid function in female and male infertility: a narrative review. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:15-26. [PMID: 35945393 PMCID: PMC9829629 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We herein aimed to review the new insights into the impact of impaired thyroid function on male and female fertility, spacing from spontaneous pregnancy to ART, with the objective of providing an updated narrative revision of the literature. METHODS This narrative review was performed for all available prospective, retrospective and review articles, published up to 2021 in PubMed. Data were extracted from the text and from the tables of the manuscript. RESULTS Thyroid dysfunction is frequently associated with female infertility, whereas its link with male infertility is debated. Female wise, impaired function is detrimental to obstetric and fetal outcomes both in spontaneous pregnancies and in those achieved thanks to assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Furthermore, the reference range of TSH in natural pregnancy and ART procedures has recently become a matter of debate following recent reports in this field. On the other hand, the impact of thyroid function on the male reproductive system is less clear, although a possible role is suggested via modulation of Sertoli and Leydig cells function and spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION Thyroid function should be carefully monitored in both male and female, in couples seeking spontaneous pregnancy as well as ART, as treatment is generally immediate and likely to improve chances of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mazzilli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Medenica
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Clinic, Clinical Center of Montenegro, School of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - A M Di Tommaso
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - G Fabozzi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Rome, Italy
| | - V Zamponi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - D Cimadomo
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Rome, Italy
| | - L Rienzi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Rome, Italy
| | - F M Ubaldi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Rome, Italy
| | - M Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 328, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico "G. Rodolico, " University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Zhao S, Tang L, Fu J, Yang Z, Su C, Rao M. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A Cross-sectional Study of 5401 Men Seeking Infertility Care. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4027-e4036. [PMID: 35906991 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Our previous study showed that paternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) had a detrimental effect on the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. However, it remains to be determined whether paternal SCH affects sperm DNA integrity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between SCH and sperm DNA fragmentation in men seeking infertility care. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 4983 men with euthyroidism and 418 men with SCH seeking infertility treatment in a tertiary care academic medical center between January 2017 and December 2021. The outcome measures were the absolute DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and the risk of abnormal DFI (defined as DFI ≥ 25% or ≥ 30%). RESULTS The mean (SD) age of men with euthyroidism and men with SCH was 34.20 (5.97) and 35.35 (6.48) years, respectively (P < 0.001). The difference in DFI was not statistically significant (adjusted mean: 19.7% vs 18.9% in the SCH and euthyroidism groups, respectively; P = 0.07) after confounder adjustment. A DFI ≥25% was significantly more frequent in men with SCH (20.57%) than in men with euthyroidism (14.49%) after confounder adjustment [odds ratio (OR) 1.43 (95% CI 1.09-1.88)]. DFI ≥ 30% was also significantly more common in men with SCH (11.72%) than in men with euthyroidism [6.74%; OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.34-2.52)]. In addition, thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration was significantly associated with an increased risk of having a DFI ≥25% (P < 0.001) or ≥30% (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION SCH was significantly associated with an increased risk of an abnormal DFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Zhao
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyun Fu
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zexing Yang
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cunmei Su
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng Rao
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Rao M, Wang L, Yan G, Chen M, Tang L, Zhao S. Normal-Range Paternal Serum-Free Thyroxine Concentrations and Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Thyroid 2022; 32:705-713. [PMID: 35286181 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: A recent study showed that paternal subclinical hypothyroidism adversely affects the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). The aim of this study was to determine whether paternal serum-free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations within the reference range are associated with ART outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 4066 couples who received 4894 ART treatment cycles in our clinic between April 1, 2016 and August 31, 2021. The differences in sperm parameters and ART outcomes across the paternal fT4 concentration tertiles were compared by using generalized linear models or generalized estimation equation models. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) per oocyte retrieval after the first embryo transfer cycle. Results: The mean ages of the males and their female partners were 32.8 (standard deviation, 5.0) and 30.7 (standard deviation, 4.1) years, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the sperm parameters or ART outcomes between the paternal fT4 concentration tertiles of the overall population. However, a stratified analysis of men aged ≥35 showed an adjusted CPR of 0.36 [confidence interval, CI: 0.27-0.45] for the lower paternal fT4 concentration tertile relative to the middle (adjusted rate: 0.45, CI: 0.38-0.53) and upper (adjusted rate: 0.43, CI: 0.36-0.51) tertiles (p for trend >0.05). The adjusted LBRs were 0.21 [CI: 0.15-0.30] for men aged ≥35 in the lower fT4 concentration tertile (p = 0.024, with reference to the upper tertile), 0.27 [CI: 0.21-0.35] for those in the middle tertile, and 0.30 [CI: 0.23-0.38] for those in the upper tertile. No differences in these outcomes were observed in men aged <35. The nonlinear smoothing curve obtained by using fT4 concentration as a continuous variable further supported these findings. Conclusions: Men of older reproductive age (≥35 years old) with low-normal fT4 concentrations within the reference range are associated with a decreased LBR. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm the detrimental effects of low-normal paternal fT4 concentrations on ART outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Rao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Longda Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Gaofeng Yan
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mengxiang Chen
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Endocrinopathies and Male Infertility. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:life12010010. [PMID: 35054403 PMCID: PMC8779600 DOI: 10.3390/life12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility is approaching a concerning prevalence worldwide, and inflicts various impacts on the affected couple. The hormonal assessment is a vital component of male fertility evaluation as endocrine disorders are markedly reversible causatives of male infertility. Precise hormonal regulations are prerequisites to maintain normal male fertility parameters. The core male reproductive event, spermatogenesis, entails adequate testosterone concentration, which is produced via steroidogenesis in the Leydig cells. Physiological levels of both the gonadotropins are needed to achieve normal testicular functions. The hypothalamus-derived gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is considered the supreme inducer of the gonadotropins and thereby the subsequent endocrine reproductive events. This hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis may be modulated by the thyroidal or adrenal axis and numerous other reproductive and nonreproductive hormones. Disruption of this fine hormonal balance and their crosstalk leads to a spectrum of endocrinopathies, inducing subfertility or infertility in men. This review article will discuss the most essential endocrinopathies associated with male factor infertility to aid precise understanding of the endocrine disruptions-mediated male infertility to encourage further research to reveal the detailed etiology of male infertility and perhaps to develop more customized therapies for endocrinopathy-induced male infertility.
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12
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Rao M, Yang Z, Su C, Zhao Z, Wan R, Liu J, Yao Y, Su Z, Wang K, Tang L, Zhao S. Paternal Subclinical Hypothyroidism Affects the Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. Thyroid 2021; 31:12-22. [PMID: 32600220 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, it is still unclear whether SCH affects male fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the association between paternal SCH and clinical outcomes after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). Methods: This retrospective study included 2511 couples with paternal euthyroidism (n = 2282) or SCH (n = 229) who visited our clinic for infertility treatment between April 1, 2017, and September 30, 2019. The primary outcomes were the fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate; the secondary outcomes were the good-quality embryo rate, blastocyst formation rate, implantation rate, and early miscarriage rate. These outcomes were compared between the euthyroid and the SCH groups after adjusting for various potential confounders. Results: The mean paternal ages in the euthyroid and SCH groups were 34.5 and 36.0 years, respectively (p = 0.002). Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index were similar between the two groups (all p > 0.05). The adjusted fertilization (0.69 vs. 0.71, p = 0.30), good-quality embryo (0.49 vs. 0.52, p = 0.31), blastocyst formation (0.51 vs. 0.53, p = 0.57), and early miscarriage (0.11 vs. 0.10, p = 0.81) rates were also similar between the two groups. There was a significantly decreased adjusted clinical pregnancy rate [confidence interval, CI] and implantation rate [CI] in the paternal SCH group compared with the euthyroid group (0.32 [0.26-0.40] vs. 0.42 [0.40-0.45], p = 0.009 for the clinical pregnancy rate; 0.24 [0.19-0.29] vs. 0.29 [0.27-0.31], p = 0.037 for the implantation rate). Stratified analysis indicated that these differences were only significant in men aged ≥35 years (p = 0.009 and 0.022, respectively) and not in men <35 years (p = 0.39 and 0.45, respectively). Conclusions: Paternal SCH was associated with worse clinical outcomes after IVF/ICSI, whereas this detrimental impact was only present in males ≥35 years old. Prospective studies and basic research are warranted to confirm these results and to clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Rao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zexing Yang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cunmei Su
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruixue Wan
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Youlin Yao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenfang Su
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Quartuccio M, Fazio E, Medica P, Cristarella S, Emmanuele G, Sinagra L, Liotta L. Correlation between sperm parameters and circulating thyroid hormones and testosterone concentrations in Labrador Retriever dog. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1911695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quartuccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Cristarella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Sinagra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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14
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Luan M, Liang H, Fang G, Wang Z, Su X, Chen A, Miao M, Yuan W. Association Between Neonatal Thyroid Function and Anogenital Distance from Birth to 48 Months of Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:736505. [PMID: 34566898 PMCID: PMC8456038 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.736505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from animal studies has indicated that neonatal thyroid function is vital for the reproductive development. Anogenital distance (AGD), a sensitive biomarker of the fetal hormonal milieu, can be used to predict adult reproductive disorders. However, few human studies have examined the association between neonatal thyroid function and AGD. We aimed to explore their associations in a birth cohort study. METHODS Concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (THs), including total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in cord plasma in the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort. The offspring AGD (AGDAP [anus-penis] and AGDAS [anus-scrotum] for boys and AGDAC [anus-clitoris] and AGDAF [anus-fourchette] for girls), body weight and anogenital index (AGI = AGD/weight [mm/kg]) were obtained at each follow-up visit. In total, 344 children (194 boys and 150 girls) with cord plasma concentrations of THs and TSH and at least one AGD measurement at birth and at 6, 12, and 48 months of age were included. Multiple linear regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine the associations of cord plasma concentrations of THs and TSH with AGI. RESULTS Multiple linear regression models showed inverse associations of TT4, FT3, and FT4 with female AGI, although statistical significance was only reached at birth, 6 and 48 months of age. These associations were also found in GEE models: higher TT4 and FT4 concentrations were associated with lower AGIAC (TT4: β = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.50, -0.03 for middle vs. lowest tertile; FT4: β = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.16 for middle and β = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.55, -0.04 for highest vs. lowest tertile). Besides, girls with the highest tertile of FT3 concentrations had lower AGIAF than those with the lowest tertile (the highest vs. lowest tertile: β = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.08). Positive associations between TSH and AGI at birth and at 12 months of age were observed in boys. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence on the effects of neonatal thyroid function on reproductive development at an early life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghong Fang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Maohua Miao,
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xia Q, Di R, He XY, Wei CH, Chu MX. Expression analysis of DIO2, EYA3, KISS1 and GPR54 genes in year-round estrous and seasonally estrous rams. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:451-460. [PMID: 33473370 PMCID: PMC7810231 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-451-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression characteristics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related candidate genes, DIO2, EYA3, KISS1 and GPR54, were analyzed in year-round estrous rams (small-tail Han sheep, STH) and seasonally estrous rams (Sunite sheep, SNT) using qPCR. The results were as follows: DIO2 was mainly expressed in pituitary, and KISS1 was specifically expressed in hypothalamus in the two groups. However, EYA3 and GPR54 were widely expressed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens and adrenal gland tissues in both breeds, with significant differences in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis and vas deferens tissues. We speculated that DIO2 and KISS1 may have positive roles in different regions in ram year-round estrus. Moreover, the expression patterns of EYA3 and GPR54 suggested that they may regulate the estrous mode of ram via testis and vas deferens. This is the first study to systematically analyze the expression patterns of HPG axis-related genes in rams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Cai-Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ming-Xing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Rehman R, Zafar A, Fatima SS, Mohib A, Sheikh A. Altered sperm parameters and subclinical hypothyroidism; A cross sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13555. [PMID: 32453880 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to compare the thyroid hormone (TH) profile in male infertile subjects with normal and altered sperm parameters and assess its relationship with spermogram and reproductive hormones. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi from August 2017 till September 2018 on 376 male subjects between 25 and 55 years of age. The reference values for the "Normal Sperm Parameters" group was; sperm count (TC) >39 million per ejaculate, total sperm motility (Progressive and Non-progressive) >40% and normal morphology of ≥4%. Male subjects, having any one of the sperm parameters below the reference values comprised the group of "Altered Sperm Parameters". The thyroid profile; Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone, Thyroid Peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO) was estimated in addition to reproductive hormones Testosterone and Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Independent sample T test and Analysis of Variance was applied for comparison of groups. Linear regression was performed and unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficient with 95% CI was reported. A P-value of <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Two hundred and sixteen subjects had normal, whereas 160 had "Abnormal Sperm Parameters." In "Normal Sperm Parameter" group; 206 (95.3%) were euthyroid while 10 (4.6%) were having subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Among the "Abnormal Sperm Parameters" group; eighty-seven (54%) subjects were euthyroid, sixty-two (38.75%) had SCH and eleven (6.8%) were having overt hypothyroidism. Testosterone and SHBG were significantly lower in "Altered Sperm Parameters" group as compared with "Normal Sperm Parameters" (P < .001 for both). CONCLUSION A higher frequency of SCH, decreased levels of testosterone and SHBG was observed in the "Altered Sperm Parameters" group. The results establish relationship of disturbance in TH with alteration of sperm parameters and reproductive hormones thus contributing to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amara Zafar
- Dr Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda S Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Mohib
- Dr Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Sheikh
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kang H, Kenealy TM, Cohen RE. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and thyroid hormone regulation interact to influence seasonal breeding in green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 292:113446. [PMID: 32126224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive physiology and behavior is mainly regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, although abnormal thyroid hormone (TH) levels alter HPG axis activity. Seasonally breeding animals, such as green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), undergo drastic hormonal and behavioral changes between breeding and non-breeding seasons, with increased sex steroid hormones, larger gonads and increased reproductive behaviors during the breeding compared to non-breeding seasons. Relatively less is known regarding the regulation of gonadal TH in seasonal reproduction. We examined whether the gonadal expression of enzymes involved in TH activation are altered in concert with seasonal reproduction. Type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) mRNA, the TH activating enzyme, was upregulated in breeding compared to non-breeding testes, while type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) mRNA, the TH deactivating enzyme, was upregulated in breeding ovaries. To study the association between the HPG axis and local activation of TH, we manipulated the HPG axis during the non-breeding season by subcutaneously injecting luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in male lizards. We found that acute LH and FSH injections induced many aspects of breeding, with increased testes size and testosterone levels. Surprisingly, Dio3 was upregulated in the testes after LH and FSH injections, while Dio2 mRNA levels were unchanged. These results suggest that there might be different roles for local TH activation in developing and maintaining fully mature and functional gonads. Our findings continue to support the role for TH in regulating reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejoo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Mankato, MN 56001-6062, USA
| | - Taylor M Kenealy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Mankato, MN 56001-6062, USA
| | - Rachel E Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Mankato, MN 56001-6062, USA.
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Groeneweg S, van Geest FS, Peeters RP, Heuer H, Visser WE. Thyroid Hormone Transporters. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5637505. [PMID: 31754699 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone transporters at the plasma membrane govern intracellular bioavailability of thyroid hormone. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and MCT10, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1C1, and SLC17A4 are currently known as transporters displaying the highest specificity toward thyroid hormones. Structure-function studies using homology modeling and mutational screens have led to better understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid hormone transport. Mutations in MCT8 and in OATP1C1 have been associated with clinical disorders. Different animal models have provided insight into the functional role of thyroid hormone transporters, in particular MCT8. Different treatment strategies for MCT8 deficiency have been explored, of which thyroid hormone analogue therapy is currently applied in patients. Future studies may reveal the identity of as-yet-undiscovered thyroid hormone transporters. Complementary studies employing animal and human models will provide further insight into the role of transporters in health and disease. (Endocrine Reviews 41: 1 - 55, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Groeneweg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdy S van Geest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Nascimento Gomes S, do Carmo Corrêa DE, de Oliveira IM, Bargi-Souza P, Degraf Cavallin M, Dobner Mariano D, Maissar Khalil N, Alves Figueiredo DL, Romano MA, de Oliveira CA, Marino Romano R. Imbalanced testicular metabolism induced by thyroid disorders: New evidences from quantitative proteome. Endocrine 2020; 67:209-223. [PMID: 31256343 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunctions, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are the second most prevalent endocrinopathies and are associated to reproductive disorders in men. Several genes are differentially modulated by thyroid hormones in testes and imbalances in thyroid hormone levels are also associated to alterations on sperm functionality. Imbalances on antioxidant defense mechanism and stress oxidative have been pointed out as the main factors for the impairments on male reproductive function. To clarify this issue, we investigated the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in testis, followed by their proteomic profile in attempt to characterize the mechanisms involved in the alterations induced by hypo- or hyperthyroidism in adult male rats. Hypothyroidism reduced the Gsr transcript expression and the activity of CAT and GSR enzymes, while the hyperthyroidism reduced the Gpx4 var2 transcript expression. Among 1082 identified proteins, 123 and 37 proteins were downregulated by hypothyroidism compared to euthyroid and hyperthyroid condition, respectively, being 36 proteins commonly reduced in both comparisons and one exclusively in hypo-hyperthyroidism comparison. A network containing 29 nodes and 68 edges was obtained in protein-protein interaction analysis and the functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed significant alterations for several functions in hypo-euthyroid and hypo-hyperthyroid comparisons, such as ATP metabolic process, coenzyme binding, sperm part, peroxiredoxin activity, mitochondrial protein complex, intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, binding of sperm to zona pellucida, glutathione transferase activity, response to testosterone. Thus, there is a correlation between thyroid disorders and impaired antioxidant defense mechanism, resulting in reproductive dysfunctions, as infertility, mainly observed in hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Nascimento Gomes
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - Deborah Elzita do Carmo Corrêa
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - Isabela Medeiros de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monica Degraf Cavallin
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dobner Mariano
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Romano
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alvarenga de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Hormonal Dosages, Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Tireoide (GEPET), Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, 85040-080, Parana, Brazil.
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20
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Krassas GE, Markou KB. The impact of thyroid diseases starting from birth on reproductive function. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:365-381. [PMID: 31734887 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide relevant information regarding the impact of thyroid disease, starting from birth and mainly concerning hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, on reproduction. Hyperthyroidism occurs much less commonly in children than hypothyroidism, with Graves' disease (GD) being the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in children. Children born with neonatal GD have no defects in the reproductive system that could be related to hyperthyroidism. Current treatment options include antithyroid drugs (ATD), surgery, and radioactive iodine (RAI). In males, normal thyroid function seems important, at least in some parameters, for maintenance of semen quality via genomic or non-genomic mechanisms, either by locally acting on Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, or germ cells, or by affecting crosstalk between the HPT axis and the HPG axis. Sexual behavior may also be affected in thyroxic men, although many of these patients may have normal free testosterone levels. In women, menstrual irregularities are the most common reproduction-related symptoms in thyrotoxicosis, while this disorder is also associated with reduced fertility, although most women remain ovulatory. An increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and androgens, thyroid autoimmunity, and an impact on uterine oxidative stress are the main pathophysiological mechanisms which may influence female fertility. Thyroid hormones are responsible for normal growth and development during pre- and postnatal life, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) being the most common cause of neonatal thyroid disorders, affecting about one newborn infant in 3500. The reproductive tract appears to develop normally in cretins. Today, CH-screening programs allow for early identification and treatment, and, as a result, affected children now achieve normal or near-normal development. Hypothyroidism in males is associated with decreased libido or impotence. Although little is currently known about the effects of hypothyroidism on spermatogenesis and fertility, it has been established that sperm morphology and motility are mainly affected. In women of reproductive age, hypothyroidism results in changes in cycle length and amount of bleeding. Moreover, a negative effect on fertility and higher miscarriage rates has also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos E Krassas
- IASEIO Medical Center, Tz. Kennendy 115B, Pylea, 55535, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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21
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Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In VitroEffects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050756. [PMID: 31137924 PMCID: PMC6571713 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study wasto assess the in vitro effects of levothyroxine (LT4) on conventional and bio-functional sperm parameters and its implications on fertility. Patients with male idiopathic infertility were enrolled and subjected to examination of the seminal fluid and capacitation according to the WHO 2010 criteria and flow cytometric sperm analysis for the evaluation of bio-functional sperm parameters. LT4 significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased the percentage of spermatozoa with low MMP and increased sperm motility already at a concentration of 0.9 pmol L−1. Therefore, LT4 significantly reduced sperm necrosis and lipid peroxidation ameliorating chromatin compactness. These effects of LT4 were evident at a concentration of 2.9 pmol L−1, close to the physiological free-thyroxine (FT4) concentrations in the seminal fluid of euthyroid subjects. We showed a beneficial role of thyroid hormones on sperm mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and DNA integrity. The results of this in vitro study could have a clinical application in patients with idiopathic infertility, clarifying the role of thyroid function on male fertility.
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones act on testis in multiple ways and exert their effect on
different cell types, including Leydig and Sertoli cells, and germ cells. An
excess or deficit of thyroid hormones results in alterations of testis function,
including semen abnormalities. More frequently, hyperthyroidism has been
associated with reduced semen volume and reduced sperm density, motility, and
morphology, whereas hypothyroidism is associated with reduced sperm morphology.
Therefore, thyroid function tests should be part of the diagnostic workup of the
infertile man. This article is aimed at (1) elucidating how hyperthyroidism and
hypothyroidism lead to a reduction in semen quality, briefly reviewing the
current literature on murine models and humans, and (2) pinpointing the
limitations of the studies carried out so far and identifying new perspectives
for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico "G. Rodolico," University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- 2 Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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23
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Campbell DEK, Montgomerie RD, Langlois VS. Lifecycle exposure to perchlorate differentially alters morphology, biochemistry, and transcription as well as sperm motility in Silurana tropicalis frogs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:196-204. [PMID: 29482025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate (ClO4-) contamination has been reported in ground and surface waters across North America. However, few studies have examined the effects of prolonged exposure to this thyroid hormone disrupting chemical, particularly at environmentally relevant concentrations in lower vertebrates, such as amphibians. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a yearlong chronic exposure to ClO4- in adult male and female Western clawed frogs (Silurana tropicalis). Frogs were spawned and raised from fertilized embryo until sexual maturity in potassium perchlorate (KClO4)-treated water at different concentrations (0, 20, 53, and 107 μg/L). Developmental and reproductive indices - including adult morphology, androgen plasma levels, gonadal thyroid hormone- and sex steroid-related transcript levels, and sperm motility - were evaluated in male and female adult frogs. Female growth (e.g., body mass, snout-vent length, and hind limb length) was significantly reduced following chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of KClO4 resulting in females with morphometric indices similar to those of control males - indicating potential sex-specific sensitivities to KClO4. Changes to reproductive indices (i.e., plasma androgen levels, gonadal thyroid hormone- and sex steroid-related transcript levels, and sperm motility) were also observed in both sexes and suggest that KClO4 exposure may also have indirect secondary effects on the reproductive axes in male and female adult frogs. These effects were observed at concentrations at or below those reported in surface waters contaminated with ClO4- suggesting that this contaminant may have developmental and reproductive effects post-metamorphosis in natural amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valérie S Langlois
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada; Institut national de la recherche scientifique, INRS - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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24
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Carosa E, Lenzi A, Jannini EA. Thyroid hormone receptors and ligands, tissue distribution and sexual behavior. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 467:49-59. [PMID: 29175529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Carosa
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Chair of Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Cavallin MD, Wilk R, Oliveira IM, Cardoso NCS, Khalil NM, Oliveira CA, Romano MA, Romano RM. The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and the testicular function are modulated after silver nanoparticle exposure. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:102-116. [PMID: 30090567 PMCID: PMC6060733 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industrial and medical applications and humans may be exposed through different routes, increasing the risk of toxicity. We investigated the transcript expression of genes involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis and the parameters associated with sperm functionality after prepubertal exposure. AgNPs modulated the transcript expression of genes involved in the control of the HPT axis and spermatogenesis in the groups treated with lower doses, while the functional parameters related to sperm and puberty were affected in the groups administered higher doses. These results suggest that the HPT axis is disrupted by AgNPs during the prepubertal and pubertal periods, which are highly susceptible windows for the endocrine-disrupting chemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Cavallin
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology , Department of Pharmacy , State University of Centro-Oeste , Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa , 03 , 85040-080 , Parana , Brazil .
| | - R Wilk
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology , Department of Pharmacy , State University of Centro-Oeste , Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa , 03 , 85040-080 , Parana , Brazil .
| | - I M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology , Department of Pharmacy , State University of Centro-Oeste , Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa , 03 , 85040-080 , Parana , Brazil .
| | - N C S Cardoso
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology , Department of Pharmacy , State University of Centro-Oeste , Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa , 03 , 85040-080 , Parana , Brazil .
| | - N M Khalil
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology , Department of Pharmacy , State University of Centro-Oeste , Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa , 03 , 85040-080 , Parana , Brazil
| | - C A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Hormonal Dosages , Department of Animal Reproduction , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva , 87 , 05508-270 , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - M A Romano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology , Department of Pharmacy , State University of Centro-Oeste , Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa , 03 , 85040-080 , Parana , Brazil .
| | - R M Romano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology , Department of Pharmacy , State University of Centro-Oeste , Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa , 03 , 85040-080 , Parana , Brazil .
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Romano RM, Bargi-Souza P, Brunetto EL, Goulart-Silva F, Salgado RM, Zorn TMT, Nunes MT. Triiodothyronine differentially modulates the LH and FSH synthesis and secretion in male rats. Endocrine 2018; 59:191-202. [PMID: 29210006 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis produce adverse effects in male reproduction by unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether triiodothyronine (T3) modulates luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis/secretion, by inducing different thyroid states. In hypothyroidism, the content of Lhb and Fshb mRNAs was increased, while their association to ribosomes and the protein content were reduced and the serum LH and FSH concentrations were augmented and decreased, respectively. Thyrotoxicosis reduced Lhb mRNA and LH serum concentration, and increased Lhb mRNA translational rate. The Fshb mRNA content and its association to ribosomes were also increased, whereas FSH serum concentrations were comparable to euthyroid levels. Acute T3 treatment decreased the total content of Lhb and Fshb mRNAs, and increased their association to ribosomes, as well as the LHB and FSHB contents in secretory granules. This study shows that T3 acts on gonadotrophs, resulting in direct effects on LH and FSH synthesis/secretion of male rats, suggesting that some reproductive disorders observed in men may be associated with thyroid hormone imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Marino Romano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Lia Brunetto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francemilson Goulart-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato M Salgado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma Maria Tenorio Zorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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La Vignera S, Vita R, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, Presti S, Benvenga S, Calogero AE. Impact of thyroid disease on testicular function. Endocrine 2017; 58:397-407. [PMID: 28429281 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testis was considered unresponsive to thyroid hormone for a long time. However, like in animals, the presence of thyroid hormone receptors in different testicular cell types was demonstrated also in humans. Accordingly, thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism have remarkable effects on testicular function and more extensively on fertility. REVIEW Thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism are associated with changes affecting the endocrine, sexual, or reproductive functions. Particularly, compared with controls, hyperthyroid patients have higher serum SHBG and lower free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations, a higher rate of astheno-zoospermia, oligo-zoospermia, and terato-zoospermia, and a higher prevalence of sexual disturbances, such as premature ejaculation. In hypothyroid patients, hormonal changes are in the opposite direction compared with hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid hormone regulates a number of functions in the testis, such as proliferation and differentiations of non-germ cells, steroidogenesis, and sperm motility. Furthermore, thyroid hormone regulates testicular redox status. Consequently, thyroid hormone excess or deficiency can affect testicular function at different levels. CONCLUSIONS In view of the high prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, a considerable part of infertile patients may harbor overt or subclinical thyroid disease. Identification and management of thyrotoxicosis/hypothyroidism associated infertility needs the collaboration of andrologists, endocrinologists, gynecologists, and general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Vita
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Presti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescence & Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Mohanty B, Pandey SP, Tsutsui K. Thyroid disrupting pesticides impair the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis of a wildlife bird, Amandava amandava. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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