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Ji Y, Wei CB, Gu W, Hou LL. Relevance of vitamin D on NAFLD and liver fibrosis detected by vibration controlled transient elastography in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2017-2018. Ann Med 2023; 55:2209335. [PMID: 37155562 PMCID: PMC10167885 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2209335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The connection between vitamin D to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still unclear. Herein, the relationship of vitamin D with NAFLD and liver fibrosis (LF) detected by vibration controlled transient elastography was investigated in US adults. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2017-2018 was employed for our analysis. Participants were categorized as having either vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) or vitamin D sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L). A controlled attenuation parameter score of ≥ 263 dB/m was employed to define NAFLD. Significant LF was identified by the liver stiffness measurement value of ≥ 7.9 kPa. Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationships. RESULTS Among the 3407 participants, the prevalence of NAFLD and LF was 49.63% and 15.93% respectively. Compared to participants without NAFLD, no significant difference in serum vitamin D was observed in NALFD participants (74.26 vs. 72.24 nmol/L; p = 0.21). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, no obvious connection of vitamin D status to NAFLD (sufficiency vs. deficiency, OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.70-1.13) was discovered. However, among NAFLD participants, the sufficiency of vitamin D represents a lower LF risk (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.38-0.83). When evaluated in quartiles, in comparison to the lowest quartile, high vitamin D represents low LF risk in a dose-dependent manner (Q2 vs. Q1, OR 0.65, 95%CI 0.37-1.14; Q3 vs. Q1, OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.41-1.00; Q4 vs. Q1, OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.30-0.79). CONCLUSIONS No relationship was found between vitamin D and CAP-defined NAFLD. However, a positive connection of the high serum vitamin D to the reduced LF risk was found among NAFLD subjects.Key messages:Our study found no relationship between vitamin D and CAP-defined NAFLD in US adults.High serum vitamin D was inversely associated with liver fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner among NAFLD participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- Health Management Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chang-Bao Wei
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Health Management Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin-Lin Hou
- Health Management Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Du T, Xiang L, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhao W, Li J, Zhou Y, Ma L. Vitamin D improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD via regulation of fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1138078. [PMID: 37033263 PMCID: PMC10074590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1138078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to explore the association of serum 25(OH)D3 and hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and to determine whether the effect of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway. METHODS The study contained a case-control study, in vivo and in vitro experiments. A case-control study was conducted to compare serum parameters between NAFLD patients and controls and to evaluate the association of 25(OH)D3 and NAFLD. In vivo study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and model groups, fed a standard chow diet and a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, for 7 weeks to generate an NAFLD model. Then, the rats were treated with VD and a PPARα antagonist (MK886) for 7 weeks. Tissue and serum were collected and assessed by biochemical assays, morphological analysis, histological analysis, and western blot analysis. In vitro, HepG2 cells were incubated with oleic acid (OA) to induce steatosis, which was evaluated by staining. HepG2 cells were pretreated with MK886 followed by calcitriol treatment, and differences in lipid metabolism-related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS NAFLD patients were characterized by impaired liver function, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Serum 25(OH)D3 was negatively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in NAFLD. VD deficiency was a risk factor for patients with no advanced fibrosis. Adequate VD status (25(OH)D3 >20 ng/mL) had a protective effect in patients after adjustment for confounding variables. NAFLD rats showed hyperlipidemia with severe hepatic steatosis, systematic inflammation, and lower serum 25(OH)D3. VD treatment ameliorated hepatic steatosis both in NAFLD rats and OA-induced HepG2 cells. Further, MK886 inhibited the anti-steatosis effect of VD. CONCLUSION The study revealed that an adequate VD level may act as a protective factor in NAFLD and that VD may alleviate hepatic steatosis via the PPARα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
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Sun S, Xu M, Zhuang P, Chen G, Dong K, Dong R, Zheng S. Effect and mechanism of vitamin D activation disorder on liver fibrosis in biliary atresia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19883. [PMID: 34615940 PMCID: PMC8494743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in children with biliary atresia (BA) and its effect on liver fibrosis. The serum vitamin D and 25(OH)D, and expression of 25 hydroxylase (CYP2R1 and CYP27A1) in the liver of BA patients were detected and compared with those in the control group. We investigated the effect of differential expression of CYP2R1 in hepatocytes on the expression of genes related to liver fibrosis in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of BA and animal models of cholestasis. The ratio of 25(OH)D/vitamin D in the BA group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The mRNA and protein expression of CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 in liver tissue of the BA group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Exogenous active vitamin D (calcitriol) inhibited the proliferation and migration of primary HSCs isolated from BA patients, and reduced the expression of fibrosis-related genes in vitro. Downregulation of expression of CYP2R1 in hepatocytes increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, collagen (Col)-1α1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in cocultured primary HSCs of BA. Upregulation of expression of CYP2R1 in mice with bile duct ligation significantly increased the level of 25(OH)D, decreased the expression of TGF-β1, Col-1α1 and TIMP-1, and increased the expression of MMP-2. Children with BA have impaired vitamin D activation due to CYP2R1 deficiency. The dysactivation of vitamin D can promote the proliferation and activation of HSCs and participate in the development of hepatic fibrosis in BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sun
- Surgical Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- The Center of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Peijun Zhuang
- Anesthesiology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Surgical Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Surgical Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Surgical Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Shan Zheng
- Surgical Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Ni Y, Wang Y, Liu H. Correlational study on the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:100. [PMID: 34006273 PMCID: PMC8130335 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely acknowledged that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are all chronic metabolic diseases. The objective of this study is to retrospectively probe the association between the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) and NAFLD in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Three hundred thirty-nine T2DM patients participated in this research and from November 2018 to September 2019 and were divided into simple T2DM group (108 cases) and T2DM with NAFLD group (231 cases) in conformity with abdominal ultrasound diagnosis. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) ≥0.676 was defined as progressive liver fibrosis.231 T2DM with NAFLD patients were categorized into two subgroups: progressive liver fibrosis subgroup (48 cases) and without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup (183 cases). RESULTS The prevalence of NAFLD by Abdominal ultrasonography was 68%.The results indicated that the levels of 25-(OH) D were significantly lower in T2DM with NAFLD group than that in simple T2DM group(P < 0.01). The levels of 25-(OH) D were significantly lower in progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in patients without progressive liver fibrosis and simple T2DM,and 25-(OH) D levels were lower in without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in simple T2DM group(p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of 25-(OH) D were negative correlation with risk of NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis(p = 0.011、p = 0.044,respectively). CONCLUSIONS we could come to a conclusion that low levels of 25-(OH) D was a risk factor for NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatrics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Juyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatrics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yingqun Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatrics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Huaizhen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatrics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Yang M, Ma F, Guan M. Role of Steroid Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050320. [PMID: 34067649 PMCID: PMC8156407 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and may progress to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of steroid hormones are important regulators of lipid homeostasis through fine tuning the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, export, and metabolism. Dysregulation of such pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of this review is to clarify the potential impact of steroid hormones on NAFLD. We also highlight potential interventions through modulating steroid hormone levels or the activities of their cognate receptors as therapeutic strategies for preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-86585232
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Zhang R, Wang M, Wang M, Zhang L, Ding Y, Tang Z, Fu Z, Fan H, Zhang W, Wang J. Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Variation Were Involved in the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648844. [PMID: 34421816 PMCID: PMC8377425 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that vitamin D receptor (VDR), a key gene in the metabolism of vitamin D (VD), may affect the development of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating VD level and its biological effects. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of serum VD level, VDR variation, and a combination of VDR SNP and environmental behavior factor on the risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 3023 subjects from a community in Nanjing were enrolled, including 1120 NAFLD cases and 1903 controls. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR gene were genotyped. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses indicated that VD sufficiency and VD insufficiency were significantly associated with a low risk of NAFLD (all P<0.05; all Ptrend<0.05, in a locus-dosage manner). After adjusting for gender and age, VDR rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A alleles were all reduced the risk of NAFLD (all PFDR=0.136, in dominant model; Ptrend =0.039, combined effects in a locus-dosage manner). The protective effects of two favorable alleles were more evident among subjects ≤40 years, non-hypertension, non-hyperglycemia and non-low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (all P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating curve of the combination of VDR SNP and exercise time for assessing NAFLD risk was slightly higher than that of only including exercise time or neither (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION High serum VD levels and VDR variants (rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A) might contribute to a low risk of NAFLD in Chinese Han population. The inclusion of VDR SNP and exercise time could improve the efficiency in assessment of NAFLD risk, which might provide a novel perspective for early screening and preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxian Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuxin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Ding
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongzhe Tang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuqiang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Wang,
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Cao Y, Shu XB, Yao Z, Ji G, Zhang L. Is vitamin D receptor a druggable target for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis? World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5812-5821. [PMID: 33132636 PMCID: PMC7579753 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i38.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressed stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and available therapeutic strategies for NASH are limited. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is proposed as a druggable target for NASH due to the discovery of vitamin D deficiency in NASH patients. To date, vitamin D supplementation has not consistently conferred expected therapeutic benefits, raising the question of whether VDR can serve as a proper drug target for NASH. It is known that VDR can interact with other ligands such as bile acids in addition to vitamin D, and its expression can be induced by fatty acids, and insulin. It has also been shown that while activation of VDR in hepatic macrophages and hepatic stellate cells resulted in attenuation of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, activation of VDR in hepatocytes could accelerate lipid accumulation. Thus, the multiplicity of VDR ligands, together with the cell type-specificity of VDR activation, must be taken into consideration in assessing the validity of VDR being a potential druggable target for NASH treatment. To this end, we have evaluated the relationship between VDR activation and various contributing factors, such as gut microbiota, bile acid, fatty acids, and insulin, in addition to vitamin D, with an expectation that a potential drug might be identified that can elicit VDR activation in a tissue- and/or cell type-specific manner and therefore achieving therapeutic benefits in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Bing Shu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Geratology, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H8M5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D in composite musculoskeletal trauma. Injury 2020; 51:2099-2109. [PMID: 32624209 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Composite tissue injuries are the result of high energy impacts caused by motor vehicle accidents, gunshot wounds or blasts. These are highly traumatic injuries characterized by wide-spread, penetrating wounds affecting the entire musculoskeletal system, and are generally defined by frank volumetric muscle loss with concomitant segmental bone defects. At the tissue level, the breadth of damage to multiple tissue systems, and potential for infection from penetration, have been shown to lead to an exaggerated, often chronic inflammatory response with subsequent dysregulation of normal musculoskeletal healing mechanisms. Aside from the direct effects of inflammation on myogenesis and osteogenesis, frank muscle loss has been shown to directly impair fracture union and ultimately contribute to failed wound regeneration. Care for these injuries requires extensive surgical intervention and acute care strategies. However, often these interventions do not adequately mitigate inflammation or promote proper musculoskeletal injury repair and force amputation of the limb. Therefore, identification of factors that can promote tissue regeneration and mitigate inflammation could be key to restoring wound healing after composite tissue injury. One such factor that may directly affect both inflammation and tissue regeneration in response to these multi-tissue injuries may be Vitamin D. Beyond traditional roles, the pleiotropic and localized actions of Vitamin D are increasingly being recognized in most aspects of wound healing in complex tissue injuries - e.g., regulation of inflammation, myogenesis, fracture callus mineralization and remodeling. Conversely, pre-existing Vitamin D deficiency leads to musculoskeletal dysfunction, increased fracture risk or fracture non-unions, decreased strength/function and reduced capacity to heal wounds through increased inflammation. This Vitamin D deficient state requires acute supplementation in order to quickly restore circulating levels to an optimal level, thereby facilitating a robust wound healing response. Herein, the purpose of this review is to address the roles and critical functions of Vitamin D throughout the wound healing process. Findings from this review suggest that careful monitoring and/or supplementation of Vitamin D may be critical for wound regeneration in composite tissue injuries.
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Pacifico L, Osborn JF, Bonci E, Pierimarchi P, Chiesa C. Association between Vitamin D Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Confounding Variables. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:310-332. [PMID: 30360708 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181025153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), historically considered to be the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome, is a spectrum of fat-associated liver conditions, in the absence of secondary causes, that may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Disease progression is closely associated with body weight or fatness, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the pathogenesis and severity of NAFLD because of vitamin D "pleiotropic" functions, with roles in immune modulation, cell differentiation and proliferation, and regulation of inflammation. Indeed, several studies have reported an association between vitamin D and NAFLD/NASH. However, other studies have failed to find an association. Therefore, we sought to critically review the current evidence on the association between vitamin D deficiency and NAFLD/NASH, and to analyze and discuss some key variables that may interfere with this evaluation, such as host-, environment-, and heritability-related factors regulating vitamin D synthesis and metabolism; definitions of deficient or optimal vitamin D status with respect to skeletal and nonskeletal outcomes including NAFLD/NASH; methods of measuring 25(OH)D; and methods of diagnosing NAFLD as well as quantifying adiposity, the cardinal link between vitamin D deficiency and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pacifico
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161-Rome, Italy
| | - John F Osborn
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161- Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Bonci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161- Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 00133- Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 00133- Rome, Italy
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Kurt Z, Barrere-Cain R, LaGuardia J, Mehrabian M, Pan C, Hui ST, Norheim F, Zhou Z, Hasin Y, Lusis AJ, Yang X. Tissue-specific pathways and networks underlying sexual dimorphism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 30343673 PMCID: PMC6196429 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses benign steatosis and more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. This chronic liver disease has a poorly understood etiology and demonstrates sexual dimorphisms. We aim to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphisms in NAFLD pathogenesis through a comprehensive multi-omics study. We integrated genomics (DNA variations), transcriptomics of liver and adipose tissue, and phenotypic data of NAFLD derived from female mice of ~ 100 strains included in the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP) and compared the NAFLD molecular pathways and gene networks between sexes. RESULTS We identified both shared and sex-specific biological processes for NAFLD. Adaptive immunity, branched chain amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle/apoptosis were shared between sexes. Among the sex-specific pathways were vitamins and cofactors metabolism and ion channel transport for females, and phospholipid, lysophospholipid, and phosphatidylinositol metabolism and insulin signaling for males. Additionally, numerous lipid and insulin-related pathways and inflammatory processes in the adipose and liver tissue appeared to show more prominent association with NAFLD in male HMDP. Using data-driven network modeling, we identified plausible sex-specific and tissue-specific regulatory genes as well as those that are shared between sexes. These key regulators orchestrate the NAFLD pathways in a sex- and tissue-specific manner. Gonadectomy experiments support that sex hormones may partially underlie the sexually dimorphic genes and pathways involved in NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics integrative study reveals sex- and tissue-specific genes, processes, and networks underlying sexual dimorphism in NAFLD and may facilitate sex-specific precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jonnby LaGuardia
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yehudit Hasin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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He X, Shen Y, Ma X, Ying L, Peng J, Pan X, Bao Y, Zhou J. The association of serum FGF23 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is independent of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes patients. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:668-674. [PMID: 29574933 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 and vitamin D levels are closely correlated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among serum FGF 23 levels, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study enrolled 331 hospitalized T2DM patients (209 patients with NAFLD and 122 patients without NAFLD). Serum FGF23 levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound, and the fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to quantify hepatic steatosis. Results showed that T2DM patients with NAFLD had significantly higher serum FGF23 levels (44.17 [37.92-51.30] pg/mL vs 40.21 [34.07-48.33] pg/mL, P = .002), but lower serum 25(OH)D levels (16.43 [12.70-21.37] ng/mL vs 19.59 [13.78-26.26] ng/mL, P = .002) than those without NAFLD. Moreover, the incidence rate of NAFLD increased with increasing serum FGF23 levels and decreased with increasing 25(OH)D levels (both P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independent factors for NAFLD (both P < .05). Furthermore, a multiple stepwise regression analysis also revealed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independently correlated with FLI (both P < .01). In conclusion, both high FGF23 and low vitamin D levels showed an independent relationship with NAFLD in Chinese T2DM patients, indicating that FGF23 and vitamin D function via different regulatory pathways in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingwen Ying
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Influent factors of gestational vitamin D deficiency and its relation to an increased risk of preterm delivery in Chinese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3608. [PMID: 29483547 PMCID: PMC5827025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been linked with adverse pregnant outcomes. To investigate influent factors of gestational VDD and its relation to the incidence of preterm delivery, total 3598 eligible mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs were recruited. For serum 25(OH)D concentration, 941 pregnant women were sufficient, 1260 insufficient, and 1397 deficient. Further analysis showed that VDD was more prevalent in winter than in other seasons. Underweight but not overweight was a risk factor for gestational VDD. Multivitamin use reduced risk of gestational VDD. Interestingly, 8.23% delivered preterm infants among subjects with VDD (adjusted RR: 4.02; 95% CI: 2.33, 6.92) and 3.81% among subjects with gestational vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) (adjusted RR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.71). Moreover, 2.59% delivered early preterm infants among subjects with VDD (adjusted RR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.24) and 0.49% among subjects with VDI (adjusted RR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.51). The incidence of late preterm delivery was 5.64% among subjects with VDD (adjusted RR: 3.90; 95% CI: 2.26, 6.72) and 3.32% among subjects with VDI (adjusted RR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.74). In conclusion, pre-pregnancy BMI, seasonality and multivitamin use are influent factors of gestational vitamin D status. Gestational VDD is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery in Chinese population.
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Bae M, Park YK, Lee JY. Food components with antifibrotic activity and implications in prevention of liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 55:1-11. [PMID: 29268106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in parallel with the obesity epidemic has been a major public health concern. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis in the liver. In response to chronic liver injury, fibrogenesis in the liver occurs as a protective response; however, prolonged and dysregulated fibrogenesis can lead to liver fibrosis, which can further progress to cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Interplay of hepatocytes, macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the hepatic inflammatory and oxidative milieu is critical for the development of NAFLD. In particular, HSCs play a major role in the production of extracellular matrix proteins. Studies have demonstrated that bioactive food components and natural products, including astaxanthin, curcumin, blueberry, silymarin, coffee, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, resveratrol, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, have antifibrotic effects in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge of the mechanistic insight into the antifibrotic actions of the aforementioned bioactive food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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