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Wu Q, Li J, Zhu J, Sun X, He D, Li J, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Xu Y, Chen Q, Zhu Y, Lai M. Gamma-glutamyl-leucine levels are causally associated with elevated cardio-metabolic risks. Front Nutr 2022; 9:936220. [PMID: 36505257 PMCID: PMC9729530 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.936220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gamma-glutamyl dipeptides are bioactive peptides involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose regulation. Gamma-glutamyl-leucine (Gamma-Glu-Leu) has been extensively reported to be associated with the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. However, the causality remains to be uncovered. The aim of this study was to explore the causal-effect relationships between Gamma-Glu-Leu and metabolic risk. Materials and methods In this study, 1,289 subjects were included from a cross-sectional survey on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in eastern China. Serum Gamma-Glu-Leu levels were measured by untargeted metabolomics. Using linear regressions, a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) for Gamma-Glu-Leu was conducted to seek its instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). One-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to evaluate the causality between Gamma-Glu-Leu and the metabolic risk. Results Four SNPs are associated with serum Gamma-Glu-Leu levels, including rs12476238, rs56146133, rs2479714, and rs12229654. Out of them, rs12476238 exhibits the strongest association (Beta = -0.38, S.E. = 0.07 in discovery stage, Beta = -0.29, S.E. = 0.14 in validation stage, combined P-value = 1.04 × 10-8). Each of the four SNPs has a nominal association with at least one metabolic risk factor. Both rs12229654 and rs56146133 are associated with body mass index, waist circumference (WC), the ratio of WC to hip circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride (5 × 10-5 < P < 0.05). rs56146133 also has nominal associations with fasting insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance index (5 × 10-5 < P < 0.05). Using the four SNPs serving as the instrumental SNPs of Gamma-Glu-Leu, the MR analyses revealed that higher Gamma-Glu-Leu levels are causally associated with elevated risks of multiple cardio-metabolic factors except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P > 0.05). Conclusion Four SNPs (rs12476238, rs56146133, rs2479714, and rs12229654) may regulate the levels of serum Gamma-Glu-Leu. Higher Gamma-Glu-Leu levels are causally linked to cardio-metabolic risks. Future prospective studies on Gamma-Glu-Leu are required to explain its role in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiankang Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongxue Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China,Affiliated Hangzhou Center of Disease Control and Prevention, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qing Chen,
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Yimin Zhu,
| | - Maode Lai
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Maode Lai,
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2
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Takeishi R, Misaka T, Ichijo Y, Ishibashi S, Matsuda M, Yamadera Y, Ohara H, Sugawara Y, Hotsuki Y, Watanabe K, Anzai F, Sato Y, Sato T, Oikawa M, Kobayashi A, Yamaki T, Nakazato K, Yoshihisa A, Takeishi Y. Increases in Hepatokine Selenoprotein P Levels Are Associated With Hepatic Hypoperfusion and Predict Adverse Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024901. [PMID: 35621211 PMCID: PMC9238692 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Although multiorgan networks are involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), interactions of the heart and the liver have not been fully understood. Hepatokines, which are synthesized and secreted from the liver, have regulatory functions in peripheral tissues. Here, we aimed to clarify the clinical impact of the hepatokine selenoprotein P in patients with HF. Methods and Results This is a prospective observational study that enrolled 296 participants consisting of 253 hospitalized patients with HF and 43 control subjects. First, we investigated selenoprotein P levels and found that its levels were significantly higher in patients with HF than in the controls. Next, patients with HF were categorized into 4 groups according to the presence of liver congestion using shear wave elastography and liver hypoperfusion by peak systolic velocity of the celiac artery, which were both assessed by abdominal ultrasonography. Selenoprotein P levels were significantly elevated in patients with HF with liver hypoperfusion compared with those without but were not different between the patients with and without liver congestion. Selenoprotein P levels were negatively correlated with peak systolic velocity of the celiac artery, whereas no correlations were observed between selenoprotein P levels and shear wave elastography of the liver. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with HF with higher selenoprotein P levels were significantly associated with increased adverse cardiac outcomes including cardiac deaths and worsening HF. Conclusions Liver‐derived selenoprotein P correlates with hepatic hypoperfusion and may be a novel target involved in cardiohepatic interactions as well as a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Tomofumi Misaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ichijo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Shinji Ishibashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Mitsuko Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Yukio Yamadera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Himika Ohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Yukiko Sugawara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Yu Hotsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Koichiro Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Fumiya Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Takamasa Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Masayoshi Oikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences Fukushima Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
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Kieliszek M, Bano I, Zare H. A Comprehensive Review on Selenium and Its Effects on Human Health and Distribution in Middle Eastern Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:971-987. [PMID: 33884538 PMCID: PMC8761138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important microelement with numerous positive effects on human health and diseases. It is important to specify that the status and consumption of Se are for a specific community as the levels of Se are extremely unpredictable between different populations and regions. Our existing paper was based on the impacts of Se on human health and disease along with data on the Se levels in Middle Eastern countries. Overall, the findings of this comprehensive review show that the consumption and levels of Se are inadequate in Middle Eastern nations. Such findings, together with the growing awareness of the importance of Se to general health, require further work primarily on creating an acceptable range of blood Se concentration or other measures to determine optimal Se consumption and, consequently, to guarantee adequate Se supplementation in populations at high risk of low Se intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iqra Bano
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, 67210 Pakistan
| | - Hamed Zare
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Das SK, Ainsworth HC, Dimitrov L, Okut H, Comeau ME, Sharma N, Ng MCY, Norris JM, Chen YDI, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW, Hsu FC, Taylor KD, Langefeld CD, Palmer ND. Metabolomic architecture of obesity implicates metabolonic lactone sulfate in cardiometabolic disease. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101342. [PMID: 34563731 PMCID: PMC8640864 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify and characterize circulating metabolite profiles associated with adiposity to inform precision medicine. METHODS Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiles in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS) Mexican American cohort (n = 1108) were analyzed for association with anthropometric (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC; waist-to-hip ratio, WHR) and computed tomography measures (visceral adipose tissue, VAT; subcutaneous adipose tissue, SAT; visceral-to-subcutaneous ratio, VSR) of adiposity. Genetic data, inclusive of genome-wide array-based genotyping, whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), were evaluated to identify the genetic contributors. Phenotypic and genetic association signals were replicated across ancestries. Transcriptomic data were analyzed to explore the relationship between genetic and metabolomic data. RESULTS A partially characterized metabolite, tentatively named metabolonic lactone sulfate (X-12063), was consistently associated with BMI, WC, WHR, VAT, and SAT in IRASFS Mexican Americans (PMA <2.02 × 10-27). Trait associations were replicated in IRASFS African Americans (PAA < 1.12 × 10-07). Expanded analyses revealed associations with multiple phenotypic measures of cardiometabolic health, e.g. insulin sensitivity (SI), triglycerides (TG), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in both ancestries. Metabolonic lactone sulfate levels were heritable (h2 > 0.47), and a significant genetic signal at the ZSCAN25/CYP3A5 locus (PMA = 9.00 × 10-41, PAA = 2.31 × 10-10) was observed, highlighting a putative functional variant (rs776746, CYP3A5∗3). Transcriptomic analysis in the African American Genetics of Metabolism and Expression (AAGMEx) cohort supported the association of CYP3A5 with metabolonic lactone sulfate levels (PFDR = 6.64 × 10-07). CONCLUSIONS Variant rs776746 is associated with a decrease in the transcript levels of CYP3A5, which in turn is associated with increased metabolonic lactone sulfate levels and poor cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah C Ainsworth
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hayrettin Okut
- Office of Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Mary E Comeau
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yii-der I Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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El-Kafrawy NAF, Atta AELBM, Abdelsattar S, Zewain SKED. Serum selenoprotein P in lean and obese Egyptian individuals and its relation to insulin resistance. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1876288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. F. El-Kafrawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Professor of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Azza EL-Bastawisy M Atta
- Internal medicine department, Resident of Internal Medicine, El Mahalla General Hospital, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- clinical biochemistryand molecular diagnostics department, Lecturer of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics -national Liver Institute - Menoufia University, Egypt
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Caviglia GP, Rosso C, Armandi A, Gaggini M, Carli F, Abate ML, Olivero A, Ribaldone DG, Saracco GM, Gastaldelli A, Bugianesi E. Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Derangements in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of Selenoprotein P. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228838. [PMID: 33266488 PMCID: PMC7700603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are complex and multifactorial. We investigated oxidative stress through the measurement of selenoprotein P (SeP) in serum and we explored its relation to metabolic derangements and liver damage in a group of non-diabetic NAFLD subjects. Methods: 57 NAFLD patients underwent a double-tracer oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin resistance (IR) components were calculated at baseline as follows: hepatic-IR = (endogenous glucose production*insulin); peripheral-IR = (glucose rate of disappearance(Rd)); adipose-tissue(AT)-IR as Lipo-IR = (glycerol rate of appearance (Ra)*insulin) or AT-IR = (free fatty acids (FFAs)*insulin). The lipid and amino acid (AA) profiles were assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. SeP levels were measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay. Results: Circulating SeP correlated with insulin (rS = 0.28), FFAs (rS = 0.42), glucose Rd (rS = −0.33) and glycerol Ra (rS = −0.34); consistently, SeP levels correlated with Lipo-IR and AT-IR (rS > 0.4). Among the AA and lipid profiles, SeP inversely correlated with serine (rS = −0.31), glycine (rS = −0.44) and branched chain AA (rS = −0.32), and directly correlated with saturated (rS = 0.41) and monounsaturated FFAs (rS = 0.40). Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis increased in subjects with higher levels of SeP. In multivariable regression analysis, SeP was associated with the degree of hepatic fibrosis (t = 2.4, p = 0.022). Conclusions: SeP levels were associated with an altered metabolic profile and to the degree of hepatic fibrosis, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-633-3532
| | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Lorena Abate
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Antonella Olivero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (A.O.); (D.G.R.); (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10100 Turin, Italy
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Blood Metabolomic Profiling Confirms and Identifies Biomarkers of Food Intake. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110468. [PMID: 33212857 PMCID: PMC7698441 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics can be a tool to identify dietary biomarkers. However, reported food-metabolite associations have been inconsistent, and there is a need to explore further associations. Our aims were to confirm previously reported food-metabolite associations and to identify novel food-metabolite associations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 849 participants (57% men) of the PopGen cohort. Dietary intake was obtained using FFQ and serum metabolites were profiled by an untargeted metabolomics approach. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify previously reported food-metabolite associations and analyzed these associations using linear regression. To identify potential novel food-metabolite associations, datasets were split into training and test datasets and linear regression models were fitted to the training datasets. Significant food-metabolite associations were evaluated in the test datasets. Models were adjusted for covariates. In the literature, we identified 82 food-metabolite associations. Of these, 44 associations were testable in our data and confirmed associations of coffee with 12 metabolites, of fish with five, of chocolate with two, of alcohol with four, and of butter, poultry and wine with one metabolite each. We did not identify novel food-metabolite associations; however, some associations were sex-specific. Potential use of some metabolites as biomarkers should consider sex differences in metabolism.
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