1
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Zacarías-Fluck MF, Soucek L, Whitfield JR. MYC: there is more to it than cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1342872. [PMID: 38510176 PMCID: PMC10952043 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1342872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in multiple cellular processes. While its mechanism of action and targets are not completely elucidated, it has a fundamental role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, ribogenesis, and bone and vascular development. Over 4 decades of research and some 10,000 publications linking it to tumorigenesis (by searching PubMed for "MYC oncogene") have led to MYC becoming a most-wanted target for the treatment of cancer, where many of MYC's physiological functions become co-opted for tumour initiation and maintenance. In this context, an abundance of reviews describes strategies for potentially targeting MYC in the oncology field. However, its multiple roles in different aspects of cellular biology suggest that it may also play a role in many additional diseases, and other publications are indeed linking MYC to pathologies beyond cancer. Here, we review these physiological functions and the current literature linking MYC to non-oncological diseases. The intense efforts towards developing MYC inhibitors as a cancer therapy will potentially have huge implications for the treatment of other diseases. In addition, with a complementary approach, we discuss some diseases and conditions where MYC appears to play a protective role and hence its increased expression or activation could be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano F. Zacarías-Fluck
- Models of Cancer Therapies Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Soucek
- Models of Cancer Therapies Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Peptomyc S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan R. Whitfield
- Models of Cancer Therapies Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Wen S, Zhao P, Chen S, Deng B, Fang Q, Wang J. The impact of MCCK1, an inhibitor of IKBKE kinase, on acute B lymphocyte leukemia cells. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:5164-5180. [PMID: 38872531 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a malignant blood disorder, particularly detrimental to children and adolescents, with recurrent or unresponsive cases contributing significantly to cancer-associated fatalities. IKBKE, associated with innate immunity, tumor promotion, and drug resistance, remains poorly understood in the context of B-ALL. Thus, this research aimed to explore the impact of the IKBKE inhibitor MCCK1 on B-ALL cells. The study encompassed diverse experiments, including clinical samples, in vitro and in vivo investigations. Quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR and protein blotting revealed heightened IKBKE mRNA and protein expression in B-ALL patients. Subsequent in vitro experiments with B-ALL cell lines demonstrated that MCCK1 treatment resulted in reduced cell viability and survival rates, with flow cytometry indicating cell cycle arrest. In vivo experiments using B-ALL mouse tumor models substantiated MCCK1's efficacy in impeding tumor proliferation. These findings collectively suggest that IKBKE, found to be elevated in B-ALL patients, may serve as a promising drug target, with MCCK1 demonstrating potential for inducing apoptosis in B-ALL cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhao
- Hematology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Pharmacy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Hematology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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3
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Xiao QA, He Q, Li L, Song Y, Chen YR, Zeng J, Xia X. Role of IKKε in the Metabolic Diseases: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888588. [PMID: 35662709 PMCID: PMC9162805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IKKε (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase ε) is a member of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. It participates in the inflammatory response and innate immunity against bacteria. In recent decades, IKKε has been closely associated with metabolic regulation. Inhibition of the IKKε pathway can improve fat deposition in the liver, reduce subcutaneous fat inflammation, and improve liver gluconeogenesis in obesity. IKKε is expected to be a new therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. Herein, we summarize the structural characterization, physiological function, and pathological role of IKKε in metabolic diseases and small molecule inhibitors of IKKε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China.,Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese MedicineState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun Li
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yinhong Song
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yue-Ran Chen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese MedicineState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xuan Xia
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese MedicineState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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4
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Xie W, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Hu L, Zhi J, Ling H, Zheng X, Ruan X, Gao M. Comprehensive analysis of PPPCs family reveals the clinical significance of PPP1CA and PPP4C in breast cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:190-205. [PMID: 34964699 PMCID: PMC8805822 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoprotein phosphatase catalytic subunit (PPPCs) family has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of various malignancies, but its expression patterns and biological functions in breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of the PPPCs family to understand its possible significance in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. We comprehensively investigated the expression levels, diagnostic accuracy, prognostic outcomes, biological functions and effects on immune cell infiltration of the PPPCs family in breast cancer using online databases. Except for PPP1CB, PPP1CC, PPP5C and PPEF1, the mRNA expression levels of the PPPCs family in breast cancer tissues were significantly different from those in paracancerous tissues. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of breast cancer. The DEGs were mainly associated with the WNT signaling pathway, antigen presentation and DNA repair. In addition, the DEGs significantly affected the infiltration of immune cells in breast cancer tissues. Among the PPPCs family, PPP1CA and PPP4C played a prominent role in the progression of breast cancer, and inhibition of PPP1CA and PPP4C expression by siRNA can significantly inhibit breast cancer cells proliferation and migration. In conclusion, the PPPCs family, especially PPP1CA and PPP4C, could be used as new biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy, predict prognosis and novel targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xie
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumour, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumour, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumour, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Linfei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumour, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Nankai District of Tianjin, Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Key Clinical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Otolaryngology Clinical Quality Control Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Ling
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumour, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumour, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumour, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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5
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The analysis of a subset of HLA region associations in type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis suggests the involvement mechanisms other than antigen presentation in the pathogenesis. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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6
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Arjmand B, Safari-Alighiarloo N, Razzaghi M, Rezaei Tavirani M, Rostami Nejad M, Rezaei Tavirani M. Assessment of Post-Radiation Time Effect on Gene Expression Profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Samples After Appling a UV Laser. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e91. [PMID: 35155176 PMCID: PMC8837862 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Widespread application of lasers in different fields of medicine implies more investigations into the molecular mechanism of laser effects on the human body. Network analysis of the dysregulated genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae samples are irradiated by a UV laser and harvested 30 minutes after radiation compared with a 15-minute group is the aim of this research. Methods: The significant dysregulated genes interacted via the STRING database, and the central nodes were determined by "Networkanalyzer" application of Cytoscape software. The critical genes and the related biological terms were identified via action map analysis and gene ontology assessment. Results: The gene expression profiles of the samples with 30-minute post-radiation time were different from the samples with 15 minutes of post-radiation time. 9 potent central genes, 50% of which were similar to the nodes of the 15-minute group, were identified. The terms "positive regulation of telomere maintenance" were targeted in the two sample groups. Conclusion: In spite of large alteration in the gene expression profiles of the samples, the results indicated that the main affected biological term for the 15-minute and 30-minute groups was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Safari-Alighiarloo
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohhamadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami Nejad
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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The Function of Immunoproteasomes-An Immunologists' Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123360. [PMID: 34943869 PMCID: PMC8699091 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are responsible for intracellular proteolysis and play an important role in cellular protein homeostasis. Cells of the immune system assemble a specialized form of proteasomes, known as immunoproteasomes, in which the constitutive catalytic sites are replaced for cytokine-inducible homologues. While immunoproteasomes may fulfill all standard proteasome’ functions, they seem specially adapted for a role in MHC class I antigen processing and CD8+ T-cell activation. In this way, they may contribute to CD8+ T-cell-mediated control of intracellular infections, but also to the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Starting at the discovery of its catalytic subunits in the genome, here, we review the observations shaping our current understanding of immunoproteasome function, and the consequential novel opportunities for immune intervention.
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Chen SJ, Cheng JL, Lee SA, Wang TY, Jang JY, Chen KC. Elucidate multidimensionality of type 1 diabetes mellitus heterogeneity by multifaceted information. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20965. [PMID: 34697343 PMCID: PMC8545927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. Different factors, including genetics and viruses may contribute to T1D, but the causes of T1D are not fully known, and there is currently no cure. The advent of high-throughput technologies has revolutionized the field of medicine and biology, and analysis of multi-source data along with clinical information has brought a better understanding of the mechanisms behind disease pathogenesis. The aim of this work was the development of a data repository linking clinical information and interactome studies in T1D. To address this goal, we analyzed the electronic health records and online databases of genes, proteins, miRNAs, and pathways to have a global view of T1D. There were common comorbid diseases such as anemia, hypertension, vitreous diseases, renal diseases, and atherosclerosis in the phenotypic disease networks. In the protein-protein interaction network, CASP3 and TNF were date-hub proteins involved in several pathways. Moreover, CTNNB1, IGF1R, and STAT3 were hub proteins, whereas miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-23-3p, and miR-20a-5p were hub miRNAs in the gene-miRNA interaction network. Multiple levels of information including genetic, protein, miRNA and clinical data resulted in multiple results, which suggests the complementarity of multiple sources. With the integration of multifaceted information, it will shed light on the mechanisms underlying T1D; the provided data and repository has utility in understanding phenotypic disease networks for the potential development of comorbidities in T1D patients as well as the clues for further research on T1D comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw-Ji Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Liang Cheng
- Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-An Lee
- Department of Health Industry Management, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jyy-Yu Jang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Chen
- Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
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9
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Minadakis G, Muñoz-Pomer Fuentes A, Tsouloupas G, Papatheodorou I, Spyrou GM. PathExNET: A tool for extracting pathway expression networks from gene expression statistics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4336-4344. [PMID: 34429851 PMCID: PMC8363825 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental issue related to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms, is the way in which common pathways act across different biological experiments related to complex diseases. Using network-based approaches, this work aims to provide a numeric characterization of pathways across different biological experiments, in the prospect to create unique footprints that may characterise a specific disease under study at a pathway network level. In this line we propose PathExNET, a web service that allows the creation of pathway-to-pathway expression networks that hold the over- and under expression information obtained from differential gene expression analyses. The unique numeric characterization of pathway expression status related to a specific biological experiment (or disease), as well as the creation of diverse combination of pathway networks generated by PathExNET, is expected to provide a concrete contribution towards the individualization of disease, and further lead to a more precise personalised medicine and management of treatment. PathExNET is available at: https://bioinformatics.cing.ac.cy/PathExNET and at https://pathexnet.cing-big.hpcf.cyi.ac.cy/.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Minadakis
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - George Tsouloupas
- HPC Facility, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK
| | - George M. Spyrou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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RNA Sequencing of CD4 + T Cells in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients at Relapse: Deciphering the Involvement of Novel genes and Pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2628-2645. [PMID: 34286457 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are known as a noteworthy potential modulator of inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the current study, we investigated the transcriptome profile of CD4+ T cells in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) at the relapse phase. We performed RNA sequencing of CD4+ T cells isolated from four relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients at the relapse phase and four age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The edgeR statistical method was employed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene set enrichment analysis was subsequently performed. Applying a physical interaction network, genes with higher degrees were selected as hub genes. A total of 1278 and 1034 genes were defined at significantly higher or lower levels, respectively, in CD4+ T cells of RRMS patients at the relapse phase as compared with healthy controls. The top up- and downregulated genes were JAML and KDM3A. The detected DEGs were remarkable on chromosomes 1 and 2, respectively. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways "regulation of transcription, DNA-templated," "regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway," "protein phosphorylation," "epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway," and "positive regulation of neurogenesis." Moreover, 16 KEGG pathways mostly associated with the immune system and viral infections were enriched. In the constructed physical interaction networks, UBA52 and TP53 were shown to be the most highly ranked hub genes among upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. By applying global transcriptome profiling of CD4+ T cells, we deciphered the involvement of several novel genes and pathways in MS pathogenesis. The present results must be confirmed by in vivo and in vitro studies.
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11
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Arif S, Pujol-Autonell I, Kamra Y, Williams E, Yusuf N, Domingo-Vila C, Shahrabi Y, Pollock E, Khatri L, Peakman M, Tree T, Lorenc A. Mapping T Cell Responses to Native and Neo-Islet Antigen Epitopes in at Risk and Type 1 Diabetes Subjects. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675746. [PMID: 34262563 PMCID: PMC8274489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Recent studies highlight the potentially important role of neoepitopes in breaking immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes. T cell reactivity to these neoepitopes has been reported, but how this response compares quantitatively and phenotypically with previous reports on native epitopes is not known. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between native and neoepitopes and their role as tolerance breakers or disease drivers in type 1 diabetes is required. We set out to compare T cell reactivity and phenotype against a panel of neo- and native islet autoantigenic epitopes to examine how this relates to stages of type 1 diabetes development. Methods Fifty-four subjects comprising patients with T1D, and autoantibody-positive unaffected family members were tested against a panel of neo- and native epitopes by ELISPOT (IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17). A further subset of two patients was analyzed by Single Cell Immune Profiling (RNAseq and TCR α/β) after stimulation with pools of native and neoepitope peptides. Results T cell responses to native and neoepitopes were present in patients with type 1 diabetes and at-risk subjects, and overall, there were no significant differences in the frequency, magnitude, or phenotype between the two sets of peptide stimuli. Single cell RNAseq on responder T cells revealed a similar profile in T1D patients stimulated with either neo- or native epitopes. A pro-inflammatory gene expression profile (TNF-α, IFN-γ) was dominant in both native and neoepitope stimulated T cells. TCRs with identical clonotypes were found in T cell responding to both native and neoepitopes. Conclusion/Interpretation These data suggest that in peripheral blood, T cell responses to both native and neoepitopes are similar in terms of frequency and phenotype in patients with type 1 diabetes and high-risk unaffected family members. Furthermore, using a combination of transcriptomic and clonotypic analyses, albeit using a limited panel of peptides, we show that neoepitopes are comparable to native epitopes currently in use for immune-monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefina Arif
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Muñoz-Garcia J, Cochonneau D, Télétchéa S, Moranton E, Lanoe D, Brion R, Lézot F, Heymann MF, Heymann D. The twin cytokines interleukin-34 and CSF-1: masterful conductors of macrophage homeostasis. Theranostics 2021; 11:1568-1593. [PMID: 33408768 PMCID: PMC7778581 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are specialized cells that control tissue homeostasis. They include non-resident and tissue-resident macrophage populations which are characterized by the expression of particular cell surface markers and the secretion of molecules with a wide range of biological functions. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages relies on specific growth factors and their receptors. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and interleukine-34 (IL-34), also known as "twin" cytokines, are part of this regluatory landscape. CSF-1 and IL-34 share a common receptor, the macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R), which is activated in a similar way by both factors and turns on identical signaling pathways. However, there is some discrete differential activation leading to specific activities. In this review, we disscuss recent progress in understanding of the role of the twin cytokines in macrophage differentiation, from their interaction with CSF-1R and the activation of signaling pathways, to their implication in macrophage polarization of non-resident and tissue-resident macrophages. A special focus on IL-34, its involvement in pathophsyiological contexts, and its potential as a theranostic target for macrophage therapy will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Muñoz-Garcia
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
- SATT Ouest Valorisation, Nantes, France
| | - Denis Cochonneau
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
| | | | - Emilie Moranton
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
| | - Didier Lanoe
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
| | - Régis Brion
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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13
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Nikzamir A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Razzaghi Z, Rostami-Nejad M, Hamdieh M, Arjmand B. Gene Activation as a Cell Protection Mechanism Against Gamma-Ray radiation. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:S80-S84. [PMID: 33995974 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gamma radiation is accompanied by prominent biological effects and damages. Cell proliferation and tumorigenesis are highlighted as the main resulted effects of gamma radiation on cultured cells. This study aims to assess the dysregulated mode of gene function after gamma radiation in human Jurkat cells. Methods: Six gene expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed by GEO2R to find the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via gamma radiation. Action map analysis was applied to screen the query DEGs. Results: Among 108 study genes, 20 critical DEGs including AURKA, AURKB, BORA, CCNB1, CCNB2, CCNF, CDC20, CDCA8, CENPA, CENPE, CENPF, KIF18A, KIF20A, KIF23, BUB1, DLGAP5, ECT2, PLK1, SGO2, and TPX2 were introduced as down-regulated genes by the gamma ray. Conclusion: Activators of the introduced critical genes may be the cell protector against gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Department of Psychosomatic, Taleghani Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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