1
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Park S, Colville MJ, Paek JH, Shurer CR, Singh A, Secor EJ, Sailer CJ, Huang LT, Kuo JCH, Goudge MC, Su J, Kim M, DeLisa MP, Neelamegham S, Lammerding J, Zipfel WR, Fischbach C, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Immunoengineering can overcome the glycocalyx armour of cancer cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:429-438. [PMID: 38361041 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cell glycocalyx is a major line of defence against immune surveillance. However, how specific physical properties of the glycocalyx are regulated on a molecular level, contribute to immune evasion and may be overcome through immunoengineering must be resolved. Here we report how cancer-associated mucins and their glycosylation contribute to the nanoscale material thickness of the glycocalyx and consequently modulate the functional interactions with cytotoxic immune cells. Natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity is inversely correlated with the glycocalyx thickness of the target cells. Changes in glycocalyx thickness of approximately 10 nm can alter the susceptibility to immune cell attack. Enhanced stimulation of natural killer and T cells through equipment with chimeric antigen receptors can improve the cytotoxicity against mucin-bearing target cells. Alternatively, cytotoxicity can be enhanced through engineering effector cells to display glycocalyx-editing enzymes, including mucinases and sialidases. Together, our results motivate the development of immunoengineering strategies that overcome the glycocalyx armour of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marshall J Colville
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justin H Paek
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn R Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Erica J Secor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cooper J Sailer
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marc C Goudge
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Warren R Zipfel
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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2
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Park S, Choi S, Shimpi AA, Estroff LA, Fischbach C, Paszek MJ. COLLAGEN MINERALIZATION DECREASES NK CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY OF BREAST CANCER CELLS VIA INCREASED GLYCOCALYX THICKNESS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576377. [PMID: 38328161 PMCID: PMC10849468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is common in patients with advanced breast cancer, and often caused by immune evasion of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In the skeleton, tumor cells not only disseminate to the bone marrow, but also to osteogenic niches in which they interact with newly mineralizing bone extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remains unclear how mineralization of collagen type I, the primary component of bone ECM, regulates tumor-immune cell interactions. Here, we have utilized a combination of synthetic bone matrix models with controlled mineral content, nanoscale optical imaging, and flow cytometry to evaluate how collagen type I mineralization affects the biochemical and biophysical properties of the tumor cell glycocalyx, a dense layer of glycosylated proteins and lipids decorating their cell surface. Our results suggest that collagen mineralization upregulates mucin-type O-glycosylation and sialylation by tumor cells, which increased their glycocalyx thickness while enhancing resistance to attack by Natural Killer (NK) cells. These changes were functionally linked as treatment with a sialylation inhibitor decreased mineralization-dependent glycocalyx thickness and made tumor cells more susceptible to NK cell attack. Together, our results suggest that interference with glycocalyx sialylation may represent a therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapies targeting bone-metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adrian A. Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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3
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Yang M, Vanderwert E, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Li G. The Important Roles of Natural Killer Cells in Liver Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051391. [PMID: 37239062 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis accompanies the development of various chronic liver diseases and promotes their progression. It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) and impaired ECM degradation. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major cellular source of ECM-producing myofibroblasts. If liver fibrosis is uncontrolled, it may lead to cirrhosis and even liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of innate immunity and have miscellaneous roles in liver health and disease. Accumulating evidence shows that NK cells play dual roles in the development and progression of liver fibrosis, including profibrotic and anti-fibrotic functions. Regulating NK cells can suppress the activation of HSCs and improve their cytotoxicity against activated HSCs or myofibroblasts to reverse liver fibrosis. Cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and molecules such as prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) can regulate the cytotoxic function of NK cells. In addition, treatments such as alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) inhibitors, microRNAs, natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) activators, and natural products can enhance NK cell function to inhibit liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the cellular and molecular factors that affect the interaction of NK cells with HSCs, as well as the treatments that regulate NK cell function against liver fibrosis. Despite a lot of information about NK cells and their interaction with HSCs, our current knowledge is still insufficient to explain the complex crosstalk between these cells and hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, B cells, and T cells, as well as thrombocytes, regarding the development and progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ethan Vanderwert
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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4
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Lim J, Sari-Ak D, Bagga T. Siglecs as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1178. [PMID: 34827170 PMCID: PMC8615218 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypersialylation is a common post-translational modification of protein and lipids found on cancer cell surfaces, which participate in cell-cell interactions and in the regulation of immune responses. Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon α-keto acids found at the outermost ends of glycans attached to cell surfaces. Given their locations on cell surfaces, tumor cells aberrantly overexpress sialic acids, which are recognized by Siglec receptors found on immune cells to mediate broad immunomodulatory signaling. Enhanced sialylation exposed on cancer cell surfaces is exemplified as "self-associated molecular pattern" (SAMP), which tricks Siglec receptors found on leukocytes to greatly down-regulate immune responsiveness, leading to tumor growth. In this review, we focused on all 15 human Siglecs (including Siglec XII), many of which still remain understudied. We also highlighted strategies that disrupt the course of Siglec-sialic acid interactions, such as antibody-based therapies and sialic acid mimetics leading to tumor cell depletion. Herein, we introduced the central roles of Siglecs in mediating pro-tumor immunity and discussed strategies that target these receptors, which could benefit improved cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey;
| | - Tanaya Bagga
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
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5
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Yang L, Feng Y, Wang S, Jiang S, Tao L, Li J, Wang X. Siglec-7 is an indicator of natural killer cell function in acute myeloid leukemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107965. [PMID: 34273636 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysfunction is an established risk factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells is greatly impaired in AML, and the profile of NK cell receptors is markedly altered in AML; however, this is not yet well characterized. In this study, we found the downregulation of Siglec-7 could be utilized as a potential marker of NK cell dysfunction in AML. The absolute numbers and percentages of NK cells were declined in the peripheral blood of patients with AML, and the levels of activating receptors NKG2D, NKp46, and NKp30 were reduced in NK cells from patients with AML compared with healthy controls. In contrast, the levels of inhibitory receptors TIM-3, ILT-4, ILT-5, and PD-1 were increased in NK cells from patients with AML. Of note, the level of Siglec-7 in NK cells from patients with AML was significantly lower than that in NK cells from healthy controls, and Siglec-7+ NK cells displayed higher levels of activating receptors and stronger cytotoxicity when compared with Siglec-7- NK cells. Our data indicate that decreased Siglec-7 level may predict NK cell dysfunction in AML, and NK cells may be promising targets of immunotherapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shanyue Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Longxiang Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Xuefu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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6
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Shibru B, Fey K, Fricke S, Blaudszun AR, Fürst F, Weise M, Seiffert S, Weyh MK, Köhl U, Sack U, Boldt A. Detection of Immune Checkpoint Receptors - A Current Challenge in Clinical Flow Cytometry. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694055. [PMID: 34276685 PMCID: PMC8281132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological therapy principles are increasingly determining modern medicine. They are used to treat diseases of the immune system, for tumors, but also for infections, neurological diseases, and many others. Most of these therapies base on antibodies, but small molecules, soluble receptors or cells and modified cells are also used. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors is amazingly fast. T-cell directed antibody therapies against PD-1 or CTLA-4 are already firmly established in the clinic. Further targets are constantly being added and it is becoming increasingly clear that their expression is not only relevant on T cells. Furthermore, we do not yet have any experience with the long-term systemic effects of the treatment. Flow cytometry can be used for diagnosis, monitoring, and detection of side effects. In this review, we focus on checkpoint molecules as target molecules and functional markers of cells of the innate and acquired immune system. However, for most of the interesting and potentially relevant parameters, there are still no test kits suitable for routine use. Here we give an overview of the detection of checkpoint molecules on immune cells in the peripheral blood and show examples of a possible design of antibody panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shibru
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Fey
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Fürst
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Weise
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Seiffert
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Katharina Weyh
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Sakamoto Y, Yoshio S, Doi H, Mori T, Matsuda M, Kawai H, Shimagaki T, Yoshikawa S, Aoki Y, Osawa Y, Yoshida Y, Arai T, Itokawa N, Atsukawa M, Ito T, Honda T, Mise Y, Ono Y, Takahashi Y, Saiura A, Taketomi A, Kanto T. Increased Frequency of Dysfunctional Siglec-7 -CD57 +PD-1 + Natural Killer Cells in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:603133. [PMID: 33692781 PMCID: PMC7938755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.603133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive disorder that can develop into liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to protect against liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis, suggesting that they may also play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of inhibitory and activating receptors expressed by many cell types, including NK cells. Here, we investigated the phenotypic profiles of peripheral blood and intrahepatic NK cells, including expression of Siglecs and immune checkpoint molecules, and their association with NK cell function in patients with NAFLD. Immune cells in the peripheral blood of 42 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 13 healthy volunteers (HVs) were identified by mass cytometry. The function of various NK cell subpopulations was assessed by flow cytometric detection of intracellular IFN-γ and CD107a/LAMP-1, a degranulation marker, after in vitro stimulation. We found that peripheral blood from NAFLD patients, regardless of fibrosis stage, contained significantly fewer total CD56+ NK cell and CD56dim NK cell populations compared with HVs, and the CD56dim cells from NAFLD patients were functionally impaired. Among the Siglecs examined, NK cells predominantly expressed Siglec-7 and Siglec-9, and both the expression levels of Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 on NK cells and the frequencies of Siglec-7+CD56dim NK cells were reduced in NAFLD patients. Notably, Siglec-7 levels on CD56dim NK cells were inversely correlated with PD-1, CD57, and ILT2 levels and positively correlated with NKp30 and NKp46 levels. Further subtyping of NK cells identified a highly dysfunctional Siglec-7-CD57+PD-1+CD56dim NK cell subset that was increased in patients with NAFLD, even those with mild liver fibrosis. Intrahepatic NK cells from NAFLD patients expressed elevated levels of NKG2D and CD69, suggesting a more activated phenotype than normal liver NK cells. These data identify a close association between NK cell function and expression of Siglec-7, CD57, and PD-1 that could potentially be therapeutically targeted in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Sakamoto
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastoenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Yoshio
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doi
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironari Kawai
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Shimagaki
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Yoshikawa
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Aoki
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Osawa
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeang Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Itokawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Atsukawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mise
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ono
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Saiura
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastoenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Rosenstock P, Kaufmann T. Sialic Acids and Their Influence on Human NK Cell Function. Cells 2021; 10:263. [PMID: 33572710 PMCID: PMC7911748 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are sugars with a nine-carbon backbone, present on the surface of all cells in humans, including immune cells and their target cells, with various functions. Natural Killer (NK) cells are cells of the innate immune system, capable of killing virus-infected and tumor cells. Sialic acids can influence the interaction of NK cells with potential targets in several ways. Different NK cell receptors can bind sialic acids, leading to NK cell inhibition or activation. Moreover, NK cells have sialic acids on their surface, which can regulate receptor abundance and activity. This review is focused on how sialic acids on NK cells and their target cells are involved in NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Rosenstock
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany;
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9
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Naujoks W, Quandt D, Hauffe A, Kielstein H, Bähr I, Spielmann J. Characterization of Surface Receptor Expression and Cytotoxicity of Human NK Cells and NK Cell Subsets in Overweight and Obese Humans. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573200. [PMID: 33101297 PMCID: PMC7546782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for several cancer types and an altered phenotype and functionality of natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to investigate the association of overweight and obesity with NK cell functions and receptor expression profiles in humans. Therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from normal weight, overweight, and obese healthy blood donors. In depth analysis of immune cell populations and 23 different surface markers, including NK cell receptors, NK-cell-related markers as well as functional intracellular markers on total NK cells and NK subgroups were performed by multicolor flow cytometry. The data revealed a decreased expression of the activating NK cell receptors KIR2DS4 and NKp46 as well as an increased expression of the inhibitory NK cell receptors NKG2A and Siglec-7 in overweight and obese compared to normal weight individuals. Additionally, the expression of the adhesion molecule CD62L and the maturation and differentiation marker CD27 was downregulated in NK cells of overweight and obese subjects. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of NK cells against colorectal cancer cells was decreased in overweight and obese subjects. Investigations on underlying killing mechanisms demonstrated a reduced TRAIL expression on NK cells of obese subjects suggesting an impaired death receptor pathway in obesity. The present study gives new insights into an impaired functionality and phenotype of NK cells and NK cell subsets in overweight and obesity. These phenotypic alterations and dysfunction of NK cells might be an explanation for the increased cancer risk in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Naujoks
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anja Hauffe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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10
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Sialylation of Human Natural Killer (NK) Cells is Regulated by IL-2. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061816. [PMID: 32545211 PMCID: PMC7356531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are terminal sugars on the cell surface that are found on all cell types including immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells. The attachment of sialic acids to different glycan structures is catalyzed by sialyltransferases in the Golgi. However, the expression pattern of sialyltransferases in NK cells and their expression after activation has not yet been analyzed. Therefore, the present study determines which sialyltransferases are expressed in human NK cells and if activation with IL-2 changes the sialylation of NK cells. The expression of sialyltransferases was analyzed in the three human NK cell lines NK-92, NKL, KHYG-1 and primary NK cells. NK-92 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of IL-2, and changes in the sialyltransferase expression were measured by qPCR. Furthermore, specific sialylation was investigated by flow cytometry. In addition, polySia and NCAM were measured by Western blot analyses. IL-2 leads to a reduced expression of ST8SIA1, ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL1. α-2,3-Sialylation remained unchanged, while α-2,6-sialylation was increased after IL-2 stimulation. Moreover, an increase in the amount of NCAM and polySia was observed in IL-2-activated NK cells, whereas GD3 ganglioside was decreased. In this study, all sialyltransferases that were expressed in NK cells could be identified. IL-2 regulates the expression of some sialyltransferases and leads to changes in the sialylation of NK cells.
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11
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Discovery of a new sialic acid binding region that regulates Siglec-7. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8647. [PMID: 32457377 PMCID: PMC7250851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglec-7 is a human CD33-like siglec, and is localised predominantly on human natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes. Siglec-7 is considered to function as an immunoreceptor in a sialic acid-dependent manner. However, the underlying mechanisms linking sialic acid-binding and function remain unknown. Here, to gain new insights into the ligand-binding properties of Siglec-7, we carried out in silico analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, and found a new sialic acid-binding region (site 2 containing R67) in addition to the well-known primary ligand-binding region (site 1 containing R124). This was supported by equilibrium dialysis, STD-NMR experiments, and inhibition analysis of GD3-binding toward Siglec-7 using synthetic sialoglycoconjugates and a comprehensive set of ganglioside-based glycoconjugates. Our results suggest that the two ligand-binding sites are potentially controlled by each other due to the flexible conformation of the C-C′ loop of Siglec-7.
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12
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Tao L, Wang S, Yang L, Jiang L, Li J, Wang X. Reduced Siglec-7 expression on NK cells predicts NK cell dysfunction in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:161-170. [PMID: 32319079 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-dependent inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells have been found to contribute to NK cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the roles of MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors on NK cells in HCC remain poorly defined. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-7 and Siglec-9 on NK cells by analyzing the peripheral blood of 35 HCC patients and 63 healthy donors. We observed that HCC patients had lower frequencies and total numbers of NK cells in the peripheral blood. Importantly, both the expression levels of Siglec-7 on NK cells and the frequencies of Siglec-7+ NK cells were significantly reduced in HCC patients, which was accompanied by a decrease in activating receptor and an increase in inhibitory receptor expression on NK cells. Moreover, Siglec-7+ NK cells expressed higher levels of activating receptors and displayed stronger effector functions, compared with Siglec-7- NK cells. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that reduced Siglec-7 expression predicts NK cell dysfunction in HCC patients, suggesting that Siglec-7 may be a potential marker of functional NK cell subset in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - S Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - J Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - X Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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The Roles of Siglec7 and Siglec9 on Natural Killer Cells in Virus Infection and Tumour Progression. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6243819. [PMID: 32322597 PMCID: PMC7165337 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6243819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of natural killer (NK) cells, defending against virus infection and tumour progression, is regulated by multiple activating and inhibiting receptors expressed on NK cells, among which sialic acid-bind immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) act as a vital inhibitory group. Previous studies have shown that Siglec7 and Siglec9 are expressed on NK cells, which negatively regulate the function of NK cells and modulate the immune response through the interaction of sialic acid-containing ligands. Siglec7 and Siglec9 are very similar in distribution, gene encoding, protein sequences, ligand affinity, and functions in regulating the immune system against virus and cancers, but differences still exist between them. In this review, we aim to discuss the similarities and differences between Siglec7 and Siglec9 and analyze their functions in virus infection and tumour progression in order to develop better anti-viral and anti-tumor immunotherapy in the future.
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14
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Tan F, Chen X, Zhang H, Yuan J, Sun C, Xu F, Huang L, Zhang X, Guan H, Chen Z, Wang C, Fan S, Zeng L, Ma X, Ye W, He W, Lu P, Petritis B, Huang RP, Yang Z. Differences in serum proteins in traditional Chinese medicine constitutional population: Analysis and verification. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:547-557. [PMID: 32248572 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6vma0220-663rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine assigns individuals into different categories called "constitutions" to help guide the clinical treatment according to subjective physiologic, psychologic analyses, large-scale clinical observations, and epidemiologic studies. To further explore more objective expressions of constitutions, antibody microarrays were used to analyze the serologic protein profiles of two different constitutions, a balanced (or healthy) constitution (BC) and the dampness constitution (DC) comprising phlegm-dampness and damp-heat constitutions. The profiles of changing constitutions across time were also analyzed. Nineteen differentially expressed proteins between the two groups were identified, with known biologic functions involved in immunity and inflammation. This proteomic study may provide a biologic explanation why the BC is different than the dampness constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- The 8th People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan, China
| | - Weicheng Ye
- The 8th People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan, China
| | - Weitong He
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanhai District of Foshan City, Foshan, China
| | - Peixia Lu
- Xiqiao town Community Health Service Center, Foshan, China
| | | | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Bähr I, Spielmann J, Quandt D, Kielstein H. Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32231659 PMCID: PMC7082404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation as well as dysfunctions of several innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent findings emphasize an impaired functionality and phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells under obese conditions. This review provides a detailed overview on research related to overweight and obesity with a particular focus on NK cells. We discuss obesity-associated alterations in subsets, distribution, phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and signaling cascades of NK cells investigated in vitro as well as in animal and human studies. In addition, we provide recent insights into the effects of physical activity and obesity-associated nutritional factors as well as the reduction of body weight and fat mass on NK cell functions of obese individuals. Finally, we highlight the impact of impaired NK cell physiology on obesity-associated diseases, focusing on the elevated susceptibility for viral infections and increased risk for cancer development and impaired treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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16
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Huang HT, Su SC, Chiou TJ, Lin YH, Shih YC, Wu YX, Fan TH, Twu YC. DNA methylation-mediated Siglec-7 regulation in natural killer cells via two 5' promoter CpG sites. Immunology 2020; 160:38-51. [PMID: 32027025 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
First discovered on the natural killer (NK) cell, the cell surface inhibitory receptor sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7) is known for regulating many important biological activities. However, the detail regulatory mechanism for Siglec-7 expression in NK cells currently remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how cell surface Siglec-7 expression is regulated and found that, in both NK cell lines and peripheral NK cells, transcription was the main regulatory step. Furthermore, when NK-92MI and peripheral NK cells were treated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, the CpG island, with 9 CpG sites, in 5' Siglec-7 promoter became noticeably hypomethylated, and Siglec-7 expression increased in both RNA transcript and surface protein. Within this CpG island, we identified both CpG 8 and CpG 9 as two key regulators responsible for Siglec-7 expression. Additionally, by using histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitor, butyric acid, we showed that Siglec-7 expression was also subjected to the histone modification. And a combined treatment with both 5-azacytidine and butyric acid showed an additive effect on Siglec-7 transcript expression in peripheral NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ting Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsi Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Shih
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsi Fan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Movsisyan LD, Macauley MS. Structural advances of Siglecs: insight into synthetic glycan ligands for immunomodulation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5784-5797. [PMID: 32756649 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are transmembrane proteins of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily predominantly expressed on the cells of our immune system. Siglecs recognize sialic acid via their terminal V-set domain. In mammals, sialic acid-terminated glycolipids and glycoproteins are the ligands of Siglecs, and the monomeric affinity of Siglecs for their sialic acid-containing ligands is weak. Significant efforts have been devoted toward the development of chemically modified sialoside ligands to target Siglecs with higher affinity and selectivity. In this review we discuss natural and synthetic sialoside ligands for each human Siglec, emphasizing the ligand binding determinants uncovered from recent advances in protein structural information. Potential therapeutic applications of these ligands are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon D Movsisyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Bärenwaldt A, Läubli H. The sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint - a target for improving innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:839-853. [PMID: 31524529 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1667977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: During cancer progression, tumor cells develop several mechanisms to prevent killing and to shape the immune system into a tumor-promoting environment. One of such regulatory mechanism is the overexpression of sialic acid (Sia) on carbohydrates of proteins and lipids on tumor cells. Sia-containing glycans or sialoglycans were shown to inhibit immune effector functions of NK cells and T cells by engaging inhibitory Siglec receptors on the surface of these cells. They can also modulate the differentiation of myeloid cells into tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. Areas covered: We review the role of sialoglycans in cancer and introduce the Siglecs, their expression on different immune cells and their interaction with cancer-associated sialoglycans. The targeting of this sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint is discussed along with potential therapeutic approaches. Pubmed was searched for publications on Siglecs, sialic acid, and cancer. Expert opinion: The targeting of sialoglycan-Siglec interactions has become a major focus in cancer research. New approaches have been developed that directly target sialic acids in tumor lesions. Targeted sialidases that cleave sialic acid specifically in the tumor, have already shown efficacy; efforts targeting the sialoglycan-Siglec pathway for improvement of CAR T cell therapy are ongoing. The sialoglycan-Siglec immune checkpoint is a promising new target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bärenwaldt
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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19
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Legrand F, Landolina N, Zaffran I, Emeh RO, Chen E, Klion AD, Levi-Schaffer F. Siglec-7 on peripheral blood eosinophils: Surface expression and function. Allergy 2019; 74:1257-1265. [PMID: 30690753 DOI: 10.1111/all.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siglec-7 is an inhibitory receptor (IR) expressed on human blood eosinophils. Whereas activation of other IRs, including Siglec-8 and CD300a, has been shown to downregulate eosinophil function, little is known about the role of Siglec-7 on human eosinophils. OBJECTIVE To examine Siglec-7 expression and function in eosinophils from normal (ND) and eosinophilic (EO) donors. METHODS Eosinophil expression of Siglec-7 was quantified by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Soluble Siglec-7 (sSiglec-7) levels were measured by ELISA in serum. The effect of Siglec-7 on eosinophil viability and degranulation was assessed in vitro by AnnexinV-FITC/7-AAD staining and by measuring GM-CSF-induced mediator release in culture supernatants. Signal transduction was studied by Western blot. RESULTS Siglec-7 was expressed ex vivo on blood eosinophils from all eosinophilic and normal individuals studied. Siglec-7 surface, but not SIGLEC-7mRNA expression, was correlated with absolute eosinophil count (AEC). Siglec-7 was upregulated on purified eosinophils after in vitro stimulation with GM-CSF or IL-5. Serum sSiglec-7 was detectable in 133/144 subjects tested and correlated with AEC. Siglec-7 cross-linking inhibited GM-CSF-induced release of eosinophil peroxidase, TNF-α, and IL-8 (n = 7-8) but did not promote eosinophil apoptosis (n = 5). Finally, Siglec-7 cross-linking on GM-CSF-activated eosinophils induced phosphorylation of SHP-1 and de-phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. CONCLUSIONS Siglec-7 is constitutively expressed on human eosinophils and downmodulates eosinophil activation. Targeting of Siglec-7 on eosinophils might enhance treatment efficacy in eosinophil-driven disorders. Conversely, therapeutic interventions that inhibit Siglec-7 could have unanticipated consequences and promote eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Legrand
- Human Eosinophil Section; Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit; School of Pharmacy; Institute for Drug Research; Faculty of Medicine; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ilan Zaffran
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit; School of Pharmacy; Institute for Drug Research; Faculty of Medicine; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Robert O. Emeh
- Human Eosinophil Section; Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Chen
- Human Eosinophil Section; Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Bethesda Maryland
- University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
| | - Amy D. Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section; Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit; School of Pharmacy; Institute for Drug Research; Faculty of Medicine; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
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20
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Bähr I, Jahn J, Zipprich A, Pahlow I, Spielmann J, Kielstein H. Impaired natural killer cell subset phenotypes in human obesity. Immunol Res 2018; 66:234-244. [PMID: 29560551 PMCID: PMC5899081 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-8989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in functionality of immune cells, like macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, leading to an increased risk for severe infections and several cancer types. This study aimed to examine immune cell populations and functional NK cell parameters focusing on NK cell subset phenotypes in normal-weight and obese humans. Therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from normal-weight and obese individuals and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results show no significant changes in the frequency of monocytes, B lymphocytes, or NKT cells but a significantly increased frequency of T lymphocytes in obesity. The frequency of total NK cells was unaltered, whereas the number of low cytotoxic CD56bright NK cell subset was increased, and the number of high cytotoxic CD56dim NK cell subset was decreased in obese subjects. In addition, the frequency of CD56bright NK cells expressing the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D as well as intracellular interferon (IFN)-γ was elevated in the obese study group. In contrast, the frequency of NKG2D- and IFN-γ-positive CD56dim NK cells was lower in obesity compared to normal-weight individuals. Moreover, the expression of the activation marker CD69 was decreased in NK cells, which can be attributed to a reduction of CD69-positive CD56dim NK cells in obese subjects. In conclusion, data reveal an impaired NK cell phenotype and NK cell subset alterations in obese individuals. This NK cell dysfunction might be one link to the higher cancer risk and the elevated susceptibility for viral infections in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bähr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Janine Jahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Inge Pahlow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle/Saale, Germany
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