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Bao W, Sun Y, Wang J, Wei S, Mao L, Zheng J, Liu P, Yang X, Chen Z. Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and Neurological Deficits in Patients With Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:527-538. [PMID: 38752465 DOI: 10.1177/15459683241252608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the paper was to investigate the composition and structure of intestinal flora in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), and to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and different levels of stroke severity. METHODS In this study, 47 CIS patients (16 mild, 21 moderate, and 10 severe) and 15 healthy controls were included. General information, clinical data, and behavioral scores of the enrolled subjects were collected. Deoxyribonucleic acid in fecal intestinal flora was extracted and detected using high-throughput Illumina 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing technology. Finally, the correlation between the community composition of intestinal microbiota and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in CIS patients was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, there was no statistically significant difference in Alpha diversity among CIS patients, but the principal coordinate analysis showed significant differences in the composition of the GM among stroke patients with different degrees of severity and controls. In CIS patients, Streptococcus was significantly enriched, and Eshibacter-Shigella, Bacteroides, and Agathobacter were significantly down-regulated (P < .05). In addition, the relative abundance of Blautia was negatively correlated with the NIHSS score. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that different degrees of CIS severity exert distinct effects on the intestinal microbiome. This study reveals the intestinal microecological changes after brain injury from the perspective of brain-gut axis. Intestinal microorganisms not only reveal the possible pathological process and indicate the severity of neurologic impairment, but also make targeted therapy possible for CIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxiao Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juehan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Jabbari A, Alani B, Arjmand A, Mazoochi T, Kheiripour N, Ardjmand A. Silymarin pretreatment protects against ethanol-induced memory impairment: Biochemical and histopathological evidence. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102310. [PMID: 37429530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (Eth.) abuse induces memory impairment. Oxidative damage and apoptosis are considered the likely causes of memory impairment. Silymarin (Sil.) is a flavonoid isolated from the plant Silymarin marianum (milk thistle). While studies have reported the neuroprotective effect of Sil. against neurodegenerative processes, the precise mechanism of action of Sil. in Eth.-induced memory impairment remains unclear. METHODS Twenty-eight rats were equally divided into four groups: Control (saline 1 ml/rat); Sil. (200 mg/kg for 30 days); Eth. (2 g/kg/day for 30 days); and Sil. + Eth. Behavioral tests including inhibitory avoidance and open field were used to investigate memory and locomotion. Brain antioxidant parameters, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and total thiol group, plus oxidative parameters, including malondialdehyde and total oxidant status, followed by hippocampal apoptosis (Bax/Bcl2, cleaved caspase) and histopathological changes were evaluated in the groups. RESULTS While the administration of Eth. impaired memory, Sil. significantly reversed Eth-induced memory deficits. Eth. administration also augmented brain oxidative and hippocampal apoptosis parameters. In contrast, a marked reduction in brain antioxidant and anti-apoptotic parameters was observed in the Eth. group. At the tissue level, hippocampal sections from Eth.-treated animals revealed severe neuronal damage. The administration of Sil. to Eth.-treated rats remarkably alleviated all the said Eth.-induced biochemical and histopathological effects. On the contrary, Sil. alone did not change the behavior and biochemical/molecular parameters. CONCLUSION The memory-enhancing effect of Sil. in Eth.-induced demented rats may be partly mediated by the augmented antioxidant effects and amelioration of apoptotic and histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jabbari
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - B Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Arjmand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - T Mazoochi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - N Kheiripour
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Ardjmand
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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3
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Zhu Y, Zheng P, Lin Y, Wang J, You W, Wang Y, Zheng H, Wen L, Yang X. The alteration of serum bile acid profile among traumatic brain injury patients: a small-scale prospective study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:97-102. [PMID: 37534094 PMCID: PMC10390815 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the development of bile acids as a potential treatment, to identify the influence of traumatic brain injury on bile acid metabolism shows growing importance. This present study did a preliminary exploration of the bile acid profile alteration among traumatic brain injury patients. In total, 14 patients and 7 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The bile acid profile of the blood samples were detected by an Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer/Mass Spectrometer system. It was found that 6 bile acids were statistically decreased in traumatic brain injury patients comparing with healthy volunteers: glycocholic acid (median level 44.4 ng/ml vs 98.7 ng/ml, p = 0.003), taurocholic acid (median level 10.9 ng/ml vs 19.5 ng/ml, p = 0.006), glycoursodeoxycholic acid (median level 17.4 ng/ml vs 71.4 ng/ml, p = 0.001), ursodeoxycholic acid (median level <1 ng/ml vs 32.4 ng/ml, p = 0.002), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (median level <1 ng/ml vs 53.6 ng/ml, p = 0.003) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA, median level 160 ng/ml vs 364 ng/ml, p<0.001). In conclusion, traumatic brain injury events are able to induce bile acid metabolism alteration in plasma and might cause reduction in glycocholic, taurocholic, glycoursodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, taurochenodeoxycholic and glycochenodeoxycholic acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1367 West Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Peidong Zheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Juehan Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Wendong You
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Rd., Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350000, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1367 West Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Huiqing Zheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Liang Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1367 West Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1367 West Wenyi Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
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Zhao Q, Li H, Li H, Xie F, Zhang J. Research progress of neuroinflammation-related cells in traumatic brain injury: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34009. [PMID: 37352020 PMCID: PMC10289497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to chronic neurodegenerative diseases and is one of the causes of acute secondary injury after TBI. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the role of cellular mechanisms in the neuroinflammatory response after TBI. The objective of this article is to understand the involvement of cells during the TBI inflammatory response (for instance, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) and shed light on the recent progress in the stimulation and interaction of granulocytes and lymphocytes, to provide a novel approach for clinical research. We searched articles in PubMed published between 1950 and 2023, using the following keywords: TBI, neuroinflammation, inflammatory cells, neuroprotection, clinical. Articles for inclusion in this paper were finalized based on their novelty, representativeness, and relevance to the main arguments of this review. We found that the neuroinflammatory response after TBI includes the activation of glial cells, the release of inflammatory mediators in the brain, and the recruitment of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory responses not only induce secondary brain damage, but also have a role in repairing the nervous system to some extent. However, not all of the mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions have been well studied. After TBI, clinical treatment cannot simply suppress the inflammatory response, and the inflammatory phenotype of patients' needs to be defined according to their specific conditions after injury. Clinical trials of personalized inflammation regulation therapy for specific patients should be carried out in order to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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Zhang S, Jin M, Ren J, Sun X, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Sun X. New insight into gut microbiota and their metabolites in ischemic stroke: A promising therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114559. [PMID: 36989717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis has been shown to play a vital role in the prognosis and recovery of ischemic stroke (IS), which is associated with gut microbiota dysfunction and changes in the gastrointestinal system and epithelial barrier integrity. In turn, gut microbiota and its derived metabolites can influence stroke outcomes. In this review, we first describe the relationship between IS (clinical and experimental IS) and the gut microbiota. Second, we summarize the role and specific mechanisms of microbiota-derived metabolites in IS. Further, we discuss the roles of natural medicines targeting the gut microbiota. Finally, the potential use of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites as a promising therapeutic opportunity for stroke prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is explored.
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Huang L, Xu G, Zhang R, Wang Y, Ji J, Long F, Sun Y. Increased admission serum total bile acids can be associated with decreased 3-month mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:15. [PMID: 35065639 PMCID: PMC8783998 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BAs) not only play an important role in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis but also have antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects. However, few studies have focused on the relationship of the total bile acid (TBA) levels with the severity and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the potential associations of the fasting serum TBA levels on admission with the stroke severity, in-hospital complication incidence and 3 -month all-cause mortality in patients with AIS. METHODS A total of 777 consecutive AIS patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of the serum TBA levels on admission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between the fasting TBA levels and the stroke severity, in-hospital complications, and 3-month mortality in AIS patients. RESULTS Patients in group Q3 had the lowest risk of severe AIS (NIHSS > 10) regardless of the adjustments for confounders (P < 0.05). During hospitalization, 115 patients (14.8%) had stroke progression (NIHSS score increased by ≥ 2), and 222 patients (28.6%) developed at least one complication, with no significant difference among the four groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), seizures or renal insufficiency (RI) among the four groups (P > 0.05). A total of 114 patients (14.7%) died from various causes (including in-hospital deaths) at the 3-month follow-up, including 42 (21.3%), 26 (13.3%), 19 (9.9%) and 27 (13.9%) patients in groups Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 respectively, with significant differences (P = 0.013). After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of death decreased (P -trend < 0.05) in groups Q2, Q3, and Q4 when compared with group Q1, and the OR values were 0.36 (0.16-0.80), 0.30 (0.13-0.70), and 0.29 (0.13-0.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS TBA levels were inversely associated with the 3-month mortality of AIS patients but were not significantly associated with the severity of stroke or the incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China, 215600, Suzhou, China
| | - Ge Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China, 215600, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China, 215600, Suzhou, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China, 215600, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ji
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China, 215600, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengdan Long
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China, 215600, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China, 215600, Suzhou, China.
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Jiao J, Yu H, Yao L, Li L, Yang X, Liu L. Recent Insights into the Role of Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6929-6938. [PMID: 34938095 PMCID: PMC8687677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s336148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has become a hot issue in recent years. The composition, modification, alteration, and disturbance of gut microbiota were found to influence important physiological processes, including energy metabolism and microenvironmental homeostasis, and lead to various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and one of the leading causes of blindness and vision impairment. The underlying mechanisms in DR pathogenesis remain limited. Recently, important insights have been made regarding possible connections between gut microbiome dysbiosis and ocular disease including DR, uveitis, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration, and the concept of a "microbiota-gut-retina axis" has been put forward. Hence, we reviewed current understanding of the relationship between DR and gut microbiota. We summarized potential pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the role of the gut microbiota on DR, including hyperglycemia, anti-diabetes drugs, microbial metabolites, and inflammatory properties. We aimed to find novel effective therapeutic options to prevent the onset and development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110024, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Litong Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhu Y, Chen Z, You W, Wang Y, Tu M, Zheng P, Wen L, Yang X. A Retrospective Clinical Analysis of the Serum Bile Acid Alteration Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:624378. [PMID: 34512494 PMCID: PMC8424180 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause damage to peripheral organ systems, such as digestive organ system, and alterations of gut microbiota in addition to brain injury. Our previous study found that TBI induced gastrointestinal dysfunction accompanied by alterations of bile acid metabolism. Bile acid and its receptors have been reported to play important roles in various neurological diseases. To further examine the changes of bile acid metabolism in TBI patients, we performed a retrospective clinical analysis. In this study, 177 patients were included, and the results showed that TBI patients had more frequent antibiotic use compared with a control group. Regression analysis identified TBI as an independent factor for reduction of serum bile acid level (B = -1.762, p = 0.006), even with antibiotic use taken into a regression model. Sub-group regression analysis of TBI patients showed that antibiotic use was negatively associated with bile acid level, while creatinine and triglyceride were positively associated with bile acid level. In conclusion, these data indicated that TBI could greatly reduce serum bile acid. This study provided preliminary but novel clinical evidence of TBI interfering with bile acid metabolism, and further studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wendong You
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Tu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peidong Zheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Abolhasanpour N, Alihosseini S, Golipourkhalili S, Badalzadeh R, Mahmoudi J, Hosseini L. Insight into the effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial function, and their cross-talk in the stroke. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:673-682. [PMID: 33926763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has remained a principal cause of mortality and neurological disabilities worldwide. Blood flow resumption, reperfusion, in the cerebral ischemia prompts a cascade in the brain characterized by various cellular mechanisms like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stresses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and excitotoxicity, finally resulting in programmed cell death. Any changes in the ER-mitochondria axis are probably responsible for both the onset and progression of central nervous system diseases. Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Most studies have shown that it exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. It was observed that melatonin therapy after the stroke not only leads to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction but also cause to alleviate ER stress and inflammation. This review discusses the impact of melatonin on mitochondrial, ER function, and on the crosstalk between two organelles as a therapeutic target for stroke. Given that the influences of melatonin on each organelle separately, its effects on mechanisms of crosstalk between ER and mitochondria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abolhasanpour
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Samin Alihosseini
- Student research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Golipourkhalili
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran; Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Azoulay-Ginsburg S, Di Salvio M, Weitman M, Afri M, Ribeiro S, Ebbinghaus S, Cestra G, Gruzman A. Chemical chaperones targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosome prevented neurodegeneration in a C9orf72 repeat expansion drosophila amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:536-550. [PMID: 33661518 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALS is an incurable neuromuscular degenerative disorder. A familiar form of the disease (fALS) is related to point mutations. The most common one is an expansion of a noncoding GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat of the C9orf72 gene on chromosome 9p21. An abnormal translation of the C9orf72 gene generates dipeptide repeat proteins that aggregate in the brain. One of the classical approaches for developing treatment against protein aggregation-related diseases is to use chemical chaperones (CSs). In this work, we describe the development of novel 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) lysosome/ER-targeted derivatives. We assumed that 4-PBA targeting to specific organelles, where protein degradation takes place, might reduce the 4-PBA effective concentration. METHODS Organic chemistry synthetic methods and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) were used for preparing the 4-PBA derivatives. The obtained compounds were evaluated in an ALS Drosophila model that expressed C9orf72 repeat expansion, causing eye degeneration. Targeting to lysosome was validated by the 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. RESULTS Several synthesized compounds exhibited a significant biological effect by ameliorating the eye degeneration. They blocked the neurodegeneration of fly retina at different efficacy levels. The most active CS was compound 9, which is a peptide derivative and was targeted to ER. Another active compound targeted to lysosome was compound 4. CONCLUSIONS Novel CSs were more effective than 4-PBA; therefore, they might be used as a new class of drug candidates to treat ALS and other protein misfolding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michela Di Salvio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michal Afri
- Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Ribeiro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gianluca Cestra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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11
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Wu L, Chen C, Li Y, Guo C, Fan Y, Yu D, Zhang T, Wen B, Yan Z, Liu A. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals the Anti-Ischemic Stroke Mechanism of Nuciferine in MCAO Rats. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33433-33444. [PMID: 33403305 PMCID: PMC7774285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuciferine is an aporphine alkaloid monomer that is extracted from the leaves of the lotus species Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nuciferine was reported to treat cerebrovascular diseases. However, the potential mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of nuciferine at the metabolomics level is still not unclear. The present research used neurological score, infarct volume, cerebral water content, and ultraperformance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based serum metabolomics to elucidate the anti-ischemic stroke effect and mechanisms of nuciferine. The results showed that nuciferine significantly improved neurological deficit scores and ameliorated cerebral edema and infarction. Multivariate data analysis methods were used to examine the differences in serum endogenous metabolism between groups, and the biomarkers of nuciferine on ischemic stroke were identified. Approximately 19 metabolites and 7 metabolic pathways associated with nuciferine on treatment of stroke were found, which indicated that nuciferine exerted a positive therapeutic action on cerebral ischemic by regulating metabolism. These results provided some data support for the study of anti-stroke effect of nuciferine from the perspective of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiao Tong University, No. 111, North Section, Second Ring Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Yongbiao Li
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiao Tong University, No. 111, North Section, Second Ring Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Cong Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Fan
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiao Tong University, No. 111, North Section, Second Ring Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dingrong Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Tinglan Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiao Tong University, No. 111, North Section, Second Ring Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Binyu Wen
- Dongfang
Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese
Medicine, No. 6, District
1, Fangxingyuan, Fangzhuang, Fengtai, Beijing 100078, P. R. China
- . Tel/Fax: +010-67689634
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiao Tong University, No. 111, North Section, Second Ring Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
- . Tel: +86-28-87601838. Fax: +86-28-87603202
| | - An Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of
Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- . Tel: +86-10-64093381. Fax: +86-10-64013996
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12
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Cuevas E, Burks S, Raymick J, Robinson B, Gómez-Crisóstomo NP, Escudero-Lourdes C, Lopez AGG, Chigurupati S, Hanig J, Ferguson SA, Sarkar S. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is neuroprotective in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1374-1391. [PMID: 33345721 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1859729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive motor disease of unknown etiology. Although neuroprotective ability of endogenous bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), shown in various diseases, including an acute model of PD,the potential therapeutic role of TUDCA in progressive models of PD that exhibit all aspects of PD has not been elucidated. In the present study, mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) Probenecid (PROB); (2) TUDCA, (3) MPTP + PROB (MPTPp); and (3) TUDCA + MPTPp. Methods: Markers for dopaminergic function, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy were assessed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB) methods. Locomotion was measured before and after treatments. Results: MPTPp decreased the expression of dopamine transporters (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indicating dopaminergic damage, and induced microglial and astroglial activation as demonstrated by IHC analysis. MPTPp also decreased DA and its metabolites as demonstrated by HPLC analysis. Further, MPTPp-induced protein oxidation; increased LAMP-1 expression indicated autophagy and the promotion of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) aggregation.. Discussion: Pretreatment with TUDCA protected against dopaminergic neuronal damage, prevented the microglial and astroglial activation, as well as the DA and DOPAC reductions caused by MPTPp. TUDCA by itself did not produce any significant change, with data similar to the negative control group. Pretreatment with TUDCA prevented protein oxidation and autophagy, in addition to inhibiting α-SYN aggregation. Although TUDCA pretreatment did not significantly affect locomotion, only acute treatment effects were measured, indicating more extensive assessments may be necessary to reveal potential therapeutic effects on behavior. Together, these results suggest that autophagy may be involved in the progression of PD and that TUDCA may attenuate these effects. The efficacy of TUDCA as a novel therapy in patients with PD clearly warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cuevas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Susan Burks
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - James Raymick
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Bonnie Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivasulu Chigurupati
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Hanig
- Office of Testing & Research, CDER/FDA, White Oak, MD, USA
| | - Sherry A Ferguson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
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13
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Crilly S, Withers SE, Allan SM, Parry-Jones AR, Kasher PR. Revisiting promising preclinical intracerebral hemorrhage studies to highlight repurposable drugs for translation. Int J Stroke 2020; 16:123-136. [PMID: 33183165 PMCID: PMC7859586 DOI: 10.1177/1747493020972240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a devastating global health burden with limited treatment options and is responsible for 49% of 6.5 million annual stroke-related deaths comparable to ischemic stroke. Despite the impact of intracerebral hemorrhage, there are currently no effective treatments and so weaknesses in the translational pipeline must be addressed. There have been many preclinical studies in intracerebral hemorrhage models with positive outcomes for potential therapies in vivo, but beyond advancing the understanding of intracerebral hemorrhage pathology, there has been no translation toward successful clinical application. Multidisciplinary preclinical research, use of multiple models, and validation in human tissue are essential for effective translation. Repurposing of therapeutics for intracerebral hemorrhage may be the most promising strategy to help relieve the global health burden of intracerebral hemorrhage. Here, we have reviewed the existing literature to highlight repurposable drugs with successful outcomes in preclinical models of intracerebral hemorrhage that have realistic potential for development into the clinic for intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Crilly
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah E Withers
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian R Parry-Jones
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Paul R Kasher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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14
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Fernandes MB, Costa M, Ribeiro MF, Siquenique S, Sá Santos S, Martins J, Coelho AV, Silva MFB, Rodrigues CMP, Solá S. Reprogramming of Lipid Metabolism as a New Driving Force Behind Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid-Induced Neural Stem Cell Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:335. [PMID: 32582686 PMCID: PMC7286385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that neural stem cell (NSC) fate is highly dependent on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an endogenous neuroprotective bile acid and a metabolic regulator, stimulates NSC proliferation and enhances adult NSC pool in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we dissected the mechanism triggered by this proliferation-inducing molecule, namely in mediating metabolic reprogramming. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based detection of differential proteomics revealed that TUDCA reduces the mitochondrial levels of the long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), an enzyme crucial for β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FA). TUDCA impact on NSC mitochondrial proteome was further confirmed, including in neurogenic regions of adult rats. We show that LCAD raises throughout NSC differentiation, while its silencing promotes NSC proliferation. In contrast, nuclear levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1), a major transcription factor of lipid biosynthesis, changes in the opposite manner of LCAD, being upregulated by TUDCA. In addition, alterations in some metabolic intermediates, such as palmitic acid, also supported the TUDCA-induced de novo lipogenesis. More interestingly, a metabolic shift from FA to glucose catabolism appears to occur in TUDCA-treated NSCs, since mitochondrial levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-α (PDHE1-α) were significant enhanced by TUDCA. At last, the mitochondria-nucleus translocation of PDHE1-α was potentiated by TUDCA, associated with an increase of H3-histones and acetylated forms. In conclusion, TUDCA-induced proliferation of NSCs involves metabolic plasticity and mitochondria-nucleus crosstalk, in which nuclear PDHE1-α might be required to assure pyruvate-derived acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation and NSC cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Márcia Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Filipe Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Siquenique
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Sá Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana V Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida F B Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Vaghef L, Farajdokht F, Erfani M, Majdi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Karimi P, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S, Seyedi Vafaee M, Mahmoudi J. Cerebrolysin attenuates ethanol-induced spatial memory impairments through inhibition of hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in rats. Alcohol 2019; 79:127-135. [PMID: 30981808 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential neuroprotective effect of cerebrolysin (CBL), a combination of neurotrophic factors, on the cognitive and biochemical alterations induced by chronic ethanol administration in rats. The animals were divided into five groups as follows: control; ethanol (4 g/kg, for 30 days) plus normal saline (Ethanol + NS); ethanol plus CBL 1 mL/kg (Ethanol + CBL 1), ethanol plus CBL 2.5 mL/kg (Ethanol + CBL 2.5); and ethanol plus CBL 5 mL/kg (Ethanol + CBL 5). The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess cognitive impairment. The status of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA, antioxidant capacity, as well as alterations of the apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2, BAX, and cleaved caspase-9 and -3, were evaluated in the hippocampus. The results showed that CBL treatment not only normalized the increased MDA levels in the alcoholic rats and enhanced antioxidant defense, but also reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-9 and -3 in the hippocampus. These results were parallel with improvement in spatial memory performance in the MWM test. The findings of the present study provide evidence for the promising therapeutic effect of CBL in chronic ethanol consumption through counteracting oxidative stress and apoptosis markers.
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16
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Castro I, Albornoz N, Aguilera S, Barrera MJ, González S, Núñez M, Carvajal P, Jara D, Lagos C, Molina C, Urzúa U, Hermoso MA, González MJ. Aberrant MUC1 accumulation in salivary glands of Sjögren’s syndrome patients is reversed by TUDCA in vitro. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 59:742-753. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Xerostomia in SS patients has been associated with low quality and quantity of salivary mucins, which are fundamental for the hydration and protection of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate if cytokines induce aberrant mucin expression and whether tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is able to counteract such an anomaly.
Methods
Labial salivary glands from 16 SS patients and 15 control subjects, as well as 3D acini or human submandibular gland cells stimulated with TNF-α or IFN-γ and co-incubated with TUDCA, were analysed. mRNA and protein levels of Mucin 1 (MUC1) and MUC7 were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays for mucins and GRP78 [an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein] were also performed. mRNA levels of RelA/p65 (nuclear factor-κB subunit), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SEL1L and EDEM1 were determined by RT-qPCR, and RelA/p65 localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence.
Results
MUC1 is overexpressed and accumulated in the ER of labial salivary gland from SS patients, while MUC7 accumulates throughout the cytoplasm of acinar cells; however, MUC1, but not MUC7, co-precipitated with GRP78. TUDCA diminished the overexpression and aberrant accumulation of MUC1 induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ, as well as the nuclear translocation of RelA/p65, together with the expression of inflammatory and ER stress markers in 3D acini.
Conclusion
Chronic inflammation alters the secretory process of MUC1, inducing ER stress and affecting the quality of saliva in SS patients. TUDCA showed anti-inflammatory properties decreasing aberrant MUC1 accumulation. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of TUDCA in restoring glandular homeostasis in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás Albornoz
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matilde Núñez
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Jara
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Lagos
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulises Urzúa
- Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínico y, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Tao Y, Dong X, Lu X, Qu Y, Wang C, Peng G, Zhang J. Subcutaneous delivery of tauroursodeoxycholic acid rescues the cone photoreceptors in degenerative retina: A promising therapeutic molecule for retinopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109021. [PMID: 31387173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration (RD) comprises a heterogeneous group of retinopathies that rank among the main causes of blindness. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is taurine conjugate hydrophilic bile acid that demonstrates profound protective effects against a series of neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress. This study sought to evaluate the TUDCA induced effects of on a pharmacologically induced RD animal model by electroretinogram (ERG) examination, behavior tests, morphological analysis and immunochemistry assay. Massive photoreceptor degeneration in mice retina was induced by an intraperitoneal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU). Subcutaneous delivery of TUDCA inhibits effectively the photoreceptor loss and visual impairments in the MNU administered mice. In the retinal flat-mounts of TUDCA treated mice, the cone photoreceptors were efficiently preserved. Furthermore, the multi-electrodes array (MEA) was used to detect the firing activities of retinal ganglion cells within the inner retinal circuits. TUDCA therapy could restrain the spontaneous firing response, enhance the light induced firing response, and preserve the basic configurations of ON-OFF signal pathway in degenerative retinas. Our MEA assay provided an example to evaluate the potency of pharmacological compounds on retinal plasticity. TUDCA affords these protective effects by modulating apoptosis and alleviating oxidative stress in the degenerative retina. In conclusion, TUDCA therapy can ameliorate the photoreceptor degeneration and rectify the abnormities in visual signal transmission. These findings suggest that TUDCA might act as a potential medication for these retinopathies with progressive photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Lab of Visual Cell Differentiation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Lab of Visual Cell Differentiation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yingxin Qu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Guanghua Peng
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Lab of Visual Cell Differentiation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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18
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Lee JH, Yoon YM, Lee SH. TUDCA-Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against ER Stress in the Hippocampus of a Murine Chronic Kidney Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030613. [PMID: 30708974 PMCID: PMC6386972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to the loss of kidney function, as well as the dysfunction of several other organs due to the release of uremic toxins into the system. In a murine CKD model, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are increased in the hippocampus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the candidates for cell-based therapy for CKD; however severe pathophysiological conditions can decrease their therapeutic potential. To address these issues, we established tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)-treated MSCs using MSCs isolated from patients with CKD (CKD-hMSCs) and assessed the survival and ROS generation of neural cell line SH-SY5Y cells by co-culturing with TUDCA-treated CKD-hMSCs. In the presence of the uremic toxin P-cresol, the death of SH-SY5Y cells was induced by ROS-mediated ER stress. Co-culture with TUDCA-treated CKD-hMSCs increased anti-oxidant enzyme activities in SH-SY5Y cells through the upregulation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) expression. Upregulated PrPC expression in SH-SY5Y cells protected against CKD-mediated ER stress and apoptosis. In an adenine-induced murine CKD model, injection with TUDCA-treated CKD-hMSCs suppressed ROS generation and ER stress in the hippocampus. These results indicate that TUDCA-treated CKD-hMSCs prevent the CKD-mediated cell death of SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting ER stress. Our study suggests that treatment with TUDCA could be a powerful strategy for developing autologous MSC-based therapeutics for patients with CKD, and that PrPC might be a pivotal target for protecting neural cells from CKD-mediated ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 336-745, Korea.
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 336-745, Korea.
- Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 330-930, Korea.
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Haluzík M, Mráz M. Intermittent Fasting and Prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy: Where Do We Go From Here? Diabetes 2018; 67:1745-1747. [PMID: 30135136 DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haluzík
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Diabetology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Fiandaca MS, Mapstone M, Mahmoodi A, Gross T, Macciardi F, Cheema AK, Merchant-Borna K, Bazarian J, Federoff HJ. Plasma metabolomic biomarkers accurately classify acute mild traumatic brain injury from controls. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195318. [PMID: 29677216 PMCID: PMC5909890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Past and recent attempts at devising objective biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid have focused on abundance measures of time-dependent proteins. Similar independent determinants would be most welcome in diagnosing the most common form of TBI, mild TBI (mTBI), which remains difficult to define and confirm based solely on clinical criteria. There are currently no consensus diagnostic measures that objectively define individuals as having sustained an acute mTBI. Plasma metabolomic analyses have recently evolved to offer an alternative to proteomic analyses, offering an orthogonal diagnostic measure to what is currently available. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a developed set of metabolomic biomarkers is able to objectively classify college athletes sustaining mTBI from non-injured teammates, within 6 hours of trauma and whether such a biomarker panel could be effectively applied to an independent cohort of TBI and control subjects. A 6-metabolite panel was developed from biomarkers that had their identities confirmed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in our Athlete cohort. These biomarkers were defined at ≤6 hours following mTBI and objectively classified mTBI athletes from teammate controls, and provided similar classification of these groups at the 2, 3, and 7 days post-mTBI. The same 6-metabolite panel, when applied to a separate, independent cohort provided statistically similar results despite major differences between the two cohorts. Our confirmed plasma biomarker panel objectively classifies acute mTBI cases from controls within 6 hours of injury in our two independent cohorts. While encouraged by our initial results, we expect future studies to expand on these initial observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo S. Fiandaca
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Amin Mahmoodi
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Thomas Gross
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kian Merchant-Borna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Howard J. Federoff
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Farajdokht F, Farhoudi M, Majdi A, Zamanlu M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Vahedi S, Mahmoudi J. Testosterone May Hold Therapeutic Promise for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke in Aging: A Closer Look at Laboratory Findings. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 9:48-55. [PMID: 31011557 PMCID: PMC6468219 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sex is more prone to cerebrovascular disorders, yet the exact role of androgens in cerebral
ischemia remains unclear. Here we reviewed current understanding of testosterone (TES)
neuroprotective activity against ischemic stroke and mechanisms underlying these effects in
aging. TES may exert a neuroprotective effect in aging through pathways including inhibition of
oxidant molecules production, enhancing the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of the brain and
modulation of apoptotic cell death. Given this, a better understanding of the neuroprotective
roles of TES may propose an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the quality of life and
decrease androgen-related cerebrovascular problems in the aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masumeh Zamanlu
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Vahedi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6601-6636. [PMID: 29327206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cytochrome c oxidase) and increase ATP synthesis. Moreover, light absorption by ion channels results in release of Ca2+ and leads to activation of transcription factors and gene expression. Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons and stimulates anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Its therapeutic role in disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as to treat stroke, brain trauma, and depression has gained increasing interest. In the transcranial PBM approach, delivering a sufficient dose to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to exponential attenuation of light penetration in tissue. Alternative approaches such as intracranial and intranasal light delivery methods have been suggested to overcome this limitation. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
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Targeting the enhanced ER stress response in Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2017; 385:49-56. [PMID: 29406913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is an autosomal recessive infantile-onset disorder characterized by cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, and progressive myopathy caused by mutation of SIL1. In mice, a defect in SIL1 causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone dysfunction, leading to unfolded protein accumulation and increased ER stress. However, ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have not been investigated in MSS patient-derived cells. METHODS Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were established from four MSS patients. Spontaneous and tunicamycin-induced ER stress and the UPR were investigated in MSS-LCLs. Expression of UPR markers was analyzed by western blotting. ER stress-induced apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytoprotective effects of ER stress modulators were also examined. RESULTS MSS-LCLs exhibited increased spontaneous ER stress and were highly susceptible to ER stress-induced apoptosis. The inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α)-X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway was mainly upregulated in MSS-LCLs. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) attenuated ER stress-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION MSS patient-derived cells exhibit increased ER stress, an activated UPR, and susceptibility to ER stress-induced death. TUDCA reduces ER stress-induced death of MSS patient-derived cells. The potential of TUDCA as a therapeutic agent for MSS could be explored further in preclinical studies.
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Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease and stroke are vascular events with serious health consequences worldwide. Recent genetic and epigenetic techniques have revealed many genetic determinants of these vascular events and simplified the approaches to research focused on ischaemic heart disease and stroke. The pathogenetic mechanisms of ischaemic heart disease and stroke are complex, with mitochondrial involvement (partially or entirely) recently gaining substantial support. Not only can mitochondrial reactive oxygen species give rise to ischaemic heart disease and stroke by production of oxidised low-density lipoprotein and induction of apoptosis, but the impact on pericytes contributes directly to the pathogenesis. Over the past two decades, publications implicate the causative role of nuclear genes in the development of ischaemic heart disease and stroke, in contrast to the potential role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the pathophysiology of the disorders, which is much less understood, although recent studies do demonstrate that the involvement of mitochondria and mtDNA in the development of ischaemic heart disease and stroke is likely to be larger than originally thought, with the novel discovery of links among mitochondria, mtDNA and vascular events. Here we explore the molecular events and mtDNA alterations in relation to the role of mitochondria in ischaemic heart disease and stroke.
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