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Zhang J, Ling L, Xiang L, Li W, Bao P, Yue W. Role of the gut microbiota in complications after ischemic stroke. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1334581. [PMID: 38644963 PMCID: PMC11026644 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1334581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious central nervous system disease. Post-IS complications, such as post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), post-stroke depression (PSD), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), gastrointestinal dysfunction, cardiovascular events, and post-stroke infection (PSI), result in neurological deficits. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) facilitates bidirectional signal transduction and communication between the intestines and the brain. Recent studies have reported alterations in gut microbiota diversity post-IS, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in post-IS complications through various mechanisms such as bacterial translocation, immune regulation, and production of gut bacterial metabolites, thereby affecting disease prognosis. In this review, to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of post-IS complications and improvement of the long-term prognosis of IS, we summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and IS, along with the effects of the gut microbiota on post-IS complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Ling
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengnan Bao
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Yue
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Henry N, Frank J, McLouth C, Trout AL, Morris A, Chen J, Stowe AM, Fraser JF, Pennypacker K. Short Chain Fatty Acids Taken at Time of Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Are Independent of Stroke Severity But Associated With Inflammatory Markers and Worse Symptoms at Discharge. Front Immunol 2022; 12:797302. [PMID: 35126360 PMCID: PMC8807638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites that contribute to the gut-brain axis and may impact stroke outcomes following gut dysbiosis. We evaluated plasma SCFA concentrations against stroke severity parameters and identified SCFA-associated protein networks. Methods The Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC), a continuously enrolling tissue bank, was used to obtain stroke samples. Arterial blood distal and proximal to the thrombus was obtained from Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Patients (n=53) during thrombectomy. Patient demographics, stroke presentation and outcome parameters were reported. The SCFAs were isolated from proximal plasma via chemical derivatization UHPLC coupled tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Proteomic levels for 184 cardioembolic and inflammatory proteins was quantified from systemic and intracranial plasma by Olink. Arterial blood from cerebrovascular patients undergoing elective neurointerventional procedures was used as controls. Results Acetate positively correlated with time from last known normal (LKN) and was significantly lower in stroke patients compared to control. Isobutyrate, Butyrate and 2-Methylbutyrate negatively correlated with %ΔNIHSS. Isobutyrate and 2-Methylbutyrate positively correlated with NIHSS discharge. SCFA concentrations were not associated with NIHSS admission, infarct volume, or edema volume. Multiple SCFAs positively associated with systemic and pro-inflammatory cytokines, most notably IL-6, TNF-α, VCAM1, IL-17, and MCP-1. Conclusions Plasma SCFA concentrations taken at time of stroke are not associated with stroke severity at presentation. However, higher levels of SCFAs at the time of stroke are associated with increased markers of inflammation, less recovery from admission to discharge, and worse symptom burden at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Henry
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jacqueline Frank
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christopher McLouth
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Amanda L. Trout
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, and Lexington Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Oligonucleotide Bioanalysis Research - Chemistry, Dicerna Pharmaceuticals Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Ann M. Stowe
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Justin F. Fraser
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Keith Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Keith Pennypacker,
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