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Elangovan A, Venkatesan D, Selvaraj P, Pasha MY, Babu HWS, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Subramaniam MD, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Kumar NS, Vellingiri B. miRNA in Parkinson's disease: From pathogenesis to theranostic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:329-354. [PMID: 36502506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age associated neurological disorder which is specified by cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, postural instability, and non-motor symptoms. Dopaminergic neurons degradation in substantia nigra region and aggregation of αSyn are the classic signs of molecular defects noticed in PD pathogenesis. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNA) predicted to have a pivotal part in various processes regarding regularizing the cellular functions. Studies on dysregulation of miRNA in PD pathogenesis has recently gained the concern where our review unravels the role of miRNA expression in PD and its necessity in clinical validation for therapeutic development in PD. Here, we discussed how miRNA associated with ageing process in PD through molecular mechanistic approach of miRNAs on sirtuins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, dopamine loss, oxidative stress and autophagic dysregulation. Further we have also conferred the expression of miRNAs affected by SNCA gene expression, neuronal differentiation and its therapeutic potential with PD. In conclusion, we suggest more rigorous studies should be conducted on understanding the mechanisms and functions of miRNA in PD which will eventually lead to discovery of novel and promising therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Elangovan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Priyanka Selvaraj
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Md Younus Pasha
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India.,Department of Zoology, Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Livestock Farming, & Bioresources Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Department of Zoology, Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, India
| | | | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India.,Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Blažeković A, Jerčić KG, Borovečki F. SNCA 3' UTR Genetic Variants in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1799. [PMID: 34944443 PMCID: PMC8698872 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNCA (Synuclein Alpha) gene represents a major risk gene for Parkinson's disease (PD) and SNCA polymorphisms have been associated with the common sporadic form of PD. Numerous Genome-Wide Association Studies showed strong signals located in the SNCA 3' UTR (untranslated region) region indicating that variants in 3' UTRs of PD-associated genes could contribute to neurodegeneration and may regulate the risk for PD. Genetic variants in 3' UTR can affect miRNA activity and consequently change the translation process. The aim of this study was to access the differences in 3' UTR variants of SNCA genes in a cohort of PD patients and control subjects from Croatia. The cohort consisted of 52 PD patients and 23 healthy control subjects. Differences between 3' UTR allele and genotype frequencies were accessed through next generation sequencing approach from whole blood samples. In our study, we identified four previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one insertion in the 3' UTR region of SNCA gene, namely rs1045722, rs3857053, rs577490090, rs356165, and rs777296100, and five variants not reported in the literature, namely rs35270750, rs529553259, rs377356638, rs571454522, and rs750347645. Our results indicate a significantly higher occurrence of the rs571454522 variant in the PD population. To the best of our knowledge, this variant has not been reported until now in the literature. We analyzed our results in the context of previous research, creating a brief overview of the importance of 3' UTR variants of the SNCA gene. Further studies will be needed to gain a more profound insight regarding their role in PD development, which will help to assess the role and impact of post-transcriptional regulation on disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Blažeković
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.G.J.); (F.B.)
- Department for Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Gotovac Jerčić
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.G.J.); (F.B.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.G.J.); (F.B.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gao Y, Wilson GR, Salce N, Romano A, Mellick GD, Stephenson SEM, Lockhart PJ. Genetic Analysis of RAB39B in an Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Cohort. Front Neurol 2020; 11:523. [PMID: 32670181 PMCID: PMC7332711 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding RAB39B, resulting in the loss of protein function, lead to the development of X-linked early-onset parkinsonism. The gene is located within a chromosomal region that is susceptible to genomic rearrangement, and while an increased dosage of RAB39B was previously associated with cognitive impairment, the potential role of dosage alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of the genetic variation in RAB39B to the development of early-onset PD. We performed gene dosage studies and sequence analysis in a cohort of 176 individuals with early-onset PD (age of onset ≤ 50 years) of unknown genetic etiology. An assessment of the copy number variation over both coding exons and the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of RAB39B did not identify any alterations in gene dosage. An analysis of the UTRs identified two male individuals carrying single, likely benign, nucleotide variants in the 3'UTR (chrX:154489749-A-G and chrX:154489197-T-G). Furthermore, one novel variant of uncertain significance was identified in the 5'UTR, 229 bp upstream of the start codon (chrX:154493802-C-T). In silico analyses predicted that this variant disrupts a highly conserved transcription factor binding site and could impact RAB39B expression. The results of this study do not support a significant role for genetic variation in RAB39B as contributing to early-onset PD but do highlight that additional molecular studies are required to determine the mechanisms regulating RAB39B expression and their association with the disease. Genetic investigations in larger parkinsonism/PD cohorts and longitudinal studies of individuals with cognitive impairment due to an altered dosage of RAB39B will be required to fully delineate the contribution of RAB39B to parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Gao
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle R Wilson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Salce
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Romano
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E M Stephenson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Novel Compound Heterozygous PRKN Variants in a Han-Chinese Family with Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2019:9024894. [PMID: 31929871 PMCID: PMC6942881 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9024894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly early-onset PD. The PRKN gene is the primary disease-causing gene for early-onset PD. The details of its functions remain unclear. This study identified novel compound heterozygous variants (p.T240K and p.L272R) of the PRKN gene in a Han-Chinese family with early-onset PD. This finding is helpful in the genetic diagnosis of PD and also the functional research of the PRKN gene.
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Rs2015 Polymorphism in miRNA Target Site of Sirtuin2 Gene Is Associated with the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Chinese Han Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1498034. [PMID: 31214610 PMCID: PMC6535834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1498034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that the sirtuin family is involved in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between the polymorphisms of the sirtuin gene and the risk of PD remains elusive. Here, we investigated the possible association of nine SIRT1 and SIRT2 SNPs with the risk of PD through a clinical case-control study from the Chinese Han population. Our results showed that rs12778366 in the promoter region of SIRT1 and rs2015 in the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of the SIRT2 were significantly associated with the risk of PD. Five SNPs related to SIRT1, rs3740051, rs7895833, rs7069102, rs2273773, and rs4746720 and two SNPs related to SIRT2, rs10410544, and rs45592833 did not show an association with PD risk in this study. Moreover, we found that mRNA level of SIRT2 was upregulated, and mRNA level of SIRT1 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of PD patients compared with healthy controls, and we also observed that SNPs rs12778366 and rs2015 influenced the SIRT1 and SIRT2 expression levels, respectively. Further functional assays suggest that rs2015 may affect the expression of SIRT2 by affecting the binding of miR-8061 to the 3′UTR of SIRT2, ultimately contributing to the risk of PD.
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6
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Devanna P, Chen XS, Ho J, Gajewski D, Smith SD, Gialluisi A, Francks C, Fisher SE, Newbury DF, Vernes SC. Next-gen sequencing identifies non-coding variation disrupting miRNA-binding sites in neurological disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1375-1384. [PMID: 28289279 PMCID: PMC5474318 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors underlying neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders is a major challenge given their prevalence and potential severity for quality of life. While large-scale genomic screens have made major advances in this area, for many disorders the genetic underpinnings are complex and poorly understood. To date the field has focused predominantly on protein coding variation, but given the importance of tightly controlled gene expression for normal brain development and disorder, variation that affects non-coding regulatory regions of the genome is likely to play an important role in these phenotypes. Herein we show the importance of 3 prime untranslated region (3'UTR) non-coding regulatory variants across neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. We devised a pipeline for identifying and functionally validating putatively pathogenic variants from next generation sequencing (NGS) data. We applied this pipeline to a cohort of children with severe specific language impairment (SLI) and identified a functional, SLI-associated variant affecting gene regulation in cells and post-mortem human brain. This variant and the affected gene (ARHGEF39) represent new putative risk factors for SLI. Furthermore, we identified 3'UTR regulatory variants across autism, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder NGS cohorts demonstrating their impact on neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings show the importance of investigating non-coding regulatory variants when determining risk factors contributing to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. In the future, integration of such regulatory variation with protein coding changes will be essential for uncovering the genetic causes of complex neurological disorders and the fundamental mechanisms underlying health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Devanna
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication
Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands
| | - X S Chen
- Language and Genetics Department, Max
Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
| | - J Ho
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication
Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max
Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
| | - D Gajewski
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication
Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands
| | - S D Smith
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience,
Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A Gialluisi
- Language and Genetics Department, Max
Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
- Department of Translational Research in
Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich,
Germany
| | - C Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max
Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition
and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max
Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition
and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D F Newbury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biological and Medical
Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University,
Oxford, UK
| | - S C Vernes
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication
Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition
and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kasten M, Marras C, Klein C. Nonmotor Signs in Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:129-178. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Valente TS, Baldi F, Sant’Anna AC, Albuquerque LG, Paranhos da Costa MJR. Genome-Wide Association Study between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Flight Speed in Nellore Cattle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156956. [PMID: 27300296 PMCID: PMC4907449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cattle temperament is an important factor that affects the profitability of beef cattle enterprises, due to its relationship with productivity traits, animal welfare and labor safety. Temperament is a complex phenotype often assessed by measuring a series of behavioral traits, which result from the effects of multiple environmental and genetic factors, and their interactions. The aims of this study were to perform a genome-wide association study and detect genomic regions, potential candidate genes and their biological mechanisms underlying temperament, measured by flight speed (FS) test in Nellore cattle. Materials and Methods The genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a single-step procedure (ssGBLUP) which combined simultaneously all 16,600 phenotypes from genotyped and non-genotyped animals, full pedigree information of 162,645 animals and 1,384 genotyped animals in one step. The animals were genotyped with High Density Bovine SNP BeadChip which contains 777,962 SNP markers. After quality control (QC) a total of 455,374 SNPs remained. Results Heritability estimated for FS was 0.21 ± 0.02. Consecutive SNPs explaining 1% or more of the total additive genetic variance were considered as windows associated with FS. Nine candidate regions located on eight different Bos taurus chromosomes (BTA) (1 at 73 Mb, 2 at 65 Mb, 5 at 22 Mb and 119 Mb, 9 at 98 Mb, 11 at 67 Mb, 15 at 16 Mb, 17 at 63 Kb, and 26 at 47 Mb) were identified. The candidate genes identified in these regions were NCKAP5 (BTA2), PARK2 (BTA9), ANTXR1 (BTA11), GUCY1A2 (BTA15), CPE (BTA17) and DOCK1 (BTA26). Among these genes PARK2, GUCY1A2, CPE and DOCK1 are related to dopaminergic system, memory formation, biosynthesis of peptide hormone and neurotransmitter and brain development, respectively. Conclusions Our findings allowed us to identify nine genomic regions (SNP windows) associated with beef cattle temperament, measured by FS test. Within these windows, six promising candidate genes and their biological functions were identified. These results may contribute to a better comprehension into the genetic control of temperament expression in Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva Valente
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP 14.884-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP 14.884-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Sant’Anna
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, MG 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Lucia Galvão Albuquerque
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP 14.884-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP 14.884-900, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Advances in understanding genomic markers and pharmacogenetics of Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:433-48. [PMID: 26910127 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1158250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inheritance pattern of Parkinson's disease (PD) is likely multifactorial (owing to the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors). Many pharmacogenetic studies have tried to establish a possible role of candidate genes in PD risk. Several studies have focused on the influence of genes in the response to antiparkinsonian drugs and in the risk of developing side-effects of these drugs. AREAS COVERED This review presents an overview of current knowledge, with particular emphasis on the most recent advances, both in case-control association studies on the role of candidate genes in the risk for PD as well as pharmacogenetic studies on the role of genes in the development of side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. The most reliable results should be derived from meta-analyses of case-control association studies on candidate genes involving large series of PD patients and controls, and from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). EXPERT OPINION Prospective studies of large samples involving several genes with a detailed history of exposure to environmental factors in the same cohort of subjects, should be useful to clarify the role of genes in the risk for PD. The results of studies on the role of genes in the development of side-effects of antiparkinsonian drugs should, at this stage, only be considered preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José A G Agúndez
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain
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Fiala O, Zahorakova D, Pospisilova L, Kucerova J, Matejckova M, Martasek P, Roth J, Ruzicka E. Parkin (PARK 2) mutations are rare in Czech patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107585. [PMID: 25238391 PMCID: PMC4169530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of parkin allelic variants in Czech early-onset Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls. Methods A total of 70 early-onset Parkinson's disease patients (age at onset ≤40 years) and 75 controls were screened for the sequence variants and exon rearrangements in the parkin gene. Results Parkin mutations were identified in five patients (7.1%): the p.R334C point mutation was present in one patient, four patients had exon deletions. The detected mutations were observed in the heterozygous state except one homozygous deletion of the exon 4. No mutations were obtained in control subjects. A novel sequence variant p.V380I (c.1138G>A) was identified in one control. Non-pathogenic polymorphisms p.S167N and p.D394N were seen in similar percentage in patients and controls, polymorphism p.V380L was almost twice as frequent in controls as in patients. Conclusions Our study contributes to the growing body of evidence on the low frequency of the parkin mutations in the early-onset Parkinson's disease suggesting the potential role of other genes in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Fiala
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Care (INEP), Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniela Zahorakova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pospisilova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kucerova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Matejckova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Thomayer's University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martasek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roth
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Ruzicka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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