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Stojic A, Bojcevski J, Williams SK, Bas-Orth C, Nessler S, Linington C, Diem R, Fairless R. Preclinical stress originates in the rat optic nerve head during development of autoimmune optic neuritis. Glia 2018; 67:512-524. [PMID: 30578556 PMCID: PMC6590123 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Optic neuritis is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Although it is the presenting symptom in many cases, the initial events are currently unknown. However, in the earliest stages of autoimmune optic neuritis in rats, pathological changes are already apparent such as microglial activation and disturbances in myelin ultrastructure of the optic nerves. αB‐crystallin is a heat‐shock protein induced in cells undergoing cellular stress and has been reported to be up‐regulated in both multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therefore, we wished to investigate the timing and localization of its expression in autoimmune optic neuritis. Although loss of oligodendrocytes was not observed until the later disease stages accompanying immune cell infiltration and demyelination, an increase in oligodendrocyte αB‐crystallin was observed during the preclinical stages. This was most pronounced within the optic nerve head and was associated with areas of IgG deposition. Since treatment of isolated oligodendrocytes with sera from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐immunized animals induced an increase in αB‐crystallin expression, as did passive transfer of sera from MOG‐immunized animals to unimmunized recipients, we propose that the partially permeable blood–brain barrier of the optic nerve head may present an opportunity for blood‐borne components such as anti‐MOG antibodies to come into contact with oligodendrocytes as one of the earliest events in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojic
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jovana Bojcevski
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Nessler
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Linington
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Shen J, Zhou T, Li H, Li W, Wang S, Song Y, Ke K, Cao M. Cab45s inhibits neuronal apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:36-44. [PMID: 30266588 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Cab45s, belonging to the CREC family, can fight against apoptosis in the cancer cell lines. Here, we report that Cab45s may involve in neuronal apoptosis at the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in pathophysiology. We found that expression of Cab45s was enhanced in areas contiguous to hematoma following ICH in adult rats, and that so were the expressions of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and active caspase-3. In vitro, coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated the interaction between Cab45s and GRP78. Depletion of Cab45s attenuated the expression of GRP78, but increased the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 in PC12 cells treated with hemin, which finally promoted apoptosis. Together, these results reveal that Cab45s might exert its anti-apoptotic function against neuronal apoptosis. Thus, the study may provide evidences for regulating Cab45s as a potentially reliable treatment for the secondary damage following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurology, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Qi B, Hu L, Zhu L, Shang L, Wang X, Liu N, Wen N, Hong Y, Fang D. Metformin Attenuates Neurological Deficit after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2912-2920. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ren J, Yuan D, Xie L, Tao X, Duan C, Bao Y, He Y, Ge J, Lu H. Up-regulation of Vps4A promotes neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:565-575. [PMID: 28064406 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vps4, vacuolar protein sorting 4, belongs to ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities (AAA) protein family which is made up of Vps4A and Vps4B. Previous studies demonstrated that Vps4A plays vital roles in diverse aspects such as virus budding, the efficient transport of H-Ras to the PM (plasma membrane) and the involvement in the MVB (multivesiculate bodies) pathway. Interestingly, Vps4A is also expressed in the brain. However, the distribution and function of Vps4A in ICH diseases remain unclear. In this study, we show that Vps4A may be involved in neuronal apoptosis during pathophysiological processes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Based on the results of Western blot and immunohistochemistry, we found a remarkable up-regulation of Vps4A expression surrounding the hematoma after ICH. Double labeled immunofluorescence showed that Vps4A was co-expressed with NeuN but rarely with astrocytes and microglia. Morever, we detected that neuronal apoptosis marker active caspase-3 had co-localizations with Vps4A. Additionaly, Vps4A knockdown in vitro specifically leads to decreasing neuronal apoptosis coupled with increased Akt phosphorylation. All datas suggested that Vps4A was involved in promoting neuronal apoptosis via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Debin Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Lili Xie
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Xuelei Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Chenwei Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yifeng Bao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yunfeng He
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Jianbin Ge
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
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Ding W, Chen R, Wu C, Chen W, Zhang H, Fan X, Wang H, Ji Y, Xie L, Ning X, Shen L. Increased expression of HERPUD1 involves in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Res Bull 2016; 128:40-47. [PMID: 27871950 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein (HERPUD1) is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Immense amounts of research showed HERPUD1 plays multiple roles in various models. In this work, we explored the role of HERPUD1 during the pathophysiological processes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Rat ICH model was established and verified by behavioral test. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed a significant up-regulation of HERPUD1 expression around the hematoma after ICH. Besides, the expression of cytochrome c (cyt c) and active caspase-3 increased accompanied to HERPUD1 expression. Double-labeled immunofluorescence indicated HERPUD1 mainly colocalized with neurons. Further study showed HERPUD1 silence brought about up-regulation of apoptosis markers including cyt c and active caspase-3 coupled with increased cell apoptosis in vitro model. All these findings suggested that HERPUD1 might play a protective role in ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Ding
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongtian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingjuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuteng Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Ning
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xie L, Li A, Shen J, Cao M, Ning X, Yuan D, Ji Y, Wang H, Ke K. OTUB1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 422:171-180. [PMID: 27629786 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OTUB1 is a member of deubiquitinating enzymes, which was shown as a proteasome-associated DUB to be involved in the proteins Ub-dependent degradation. Previous studies have indicated that OTUB1 was expressed in brain. But its distribution and function in the brain remain unclear. In this study, we explored the roles of OTUB1 protein in the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). From the results of Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, we found an obvious up-regulation of OTUB1 in neurons adjacent to the hematoma after ICH. Furthermore, we also found that the increase of OTUB1 expression was accompanied by the enhanced expression of Bax and active caspase-3, and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in the pathological process of rat ICH. What's more, our in vitro study, using OTUB1 RNA interference in PC12 cells, suggested that OTUB1 might exert its anti-apoptotic function in neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, OTUB1 may play a role in protecting the brain from secondary damage following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihong Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojin Ning
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Debin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuteng Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Peferoen LAN, Gerritsen WH, Breur M, Ummenthum KMD, Peferoen-Baert RMB, van der Valk P, van Noort JM, Amor S. Small heat shock proteins are induced during multiple sclerosis lesion development in white but not grey matter. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:87. [PMID: 26694816 PMCID: PMC4688967 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The important protective role of small heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in regulating cellular survival and migration, counteracting protein aggregation, preventing apoptosis, and regulating inflammation in the central nervous system is now well-recognized. Yet, their role in the neuroinflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely undocumented. With the exception of alpha B-crystallin (HSPB5), little is known about the roles of small HSPs in disease. Results Here, we examined the expression of four small HSPs during lesion development in MS, focussing on their cellular distribution, and regional differences between white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM). It is well known that MS lesions in these areas differ markedly in their pathology, with substantially more intense blood-brain barrier damage, leukocyte infiltration and microglial activation typifying WM but not GM lesions. We analysed transcript levels and protein distribution profiles for HSPB1, HSPB6, HSPB8 and HSPB11 in MS lesions at different stages, comparing them with normal-appearing brain tissue from MS patients and non-neurological controls. During active stages of demyelination in WM, and especially the centre of chronic active MS lesions, we found significantly increased expression of HSPB1, HSPB6 and HSPB8, but not HSPB11. When induced, small HSPs were exclusively found in astrocytes but not in oligodendrocytes, microglia or neurons. Surprisingly, while the numbers of astrocytes displaying high expression of small HSPs were markedly increased in actively demyelinating lesions in WM, no such induction was observed in GM lesions. This difference was particularly obvious in leukocortical lesions covering both WM and GM areas. Conclusions Since induction of small HSPs in astrocytes is apparently a secondary response to damage, their differential expression between WM and GM likely reflects differences in mediators that accompany demyelination in either WM or GM during MS. Our findings also suggest that during MS, cortical structures fail to benefit from the protective actions of small HSPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0267-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dai A, Liu X, Zhang Y, Han L, Zhu L, Ni H, Chen R, Cao M. Up-Regulation of KPNB1 Involves in Neuronal Apoptosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2177-87. [PMID: 26303509 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Kpnb1, also known as Importin β1, is a member of the Karyopherin protein family which plays a important role in nuclear import and export pathways. Its expression has been shown to be responsive to stress, such as heat shock, ethanol and oxidative stress. Previous studies demonstrated that Kpnb1 had anti-apoptotic in cervical cancer. These together prompted us to explore whether Kpnb1 has some association with neuron apoptosis in the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In our study, an ICH model was established by injecting into the right basal ganglia of adult rats with their autologous whole blood and assessed by behavioral tests. We found Kpnb1 were significantly up-regulated adjacent to the hematoma following ICH by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorenscence manifested Kpnb1 was strikingly increased in neurons, not astrocytes or microglia. Furthermore, we also found that kpnb1 had co-localizations with active-caspase-3 which is a neuronal apoptosis marker suggesting its role in neuronal apoptosis. What's more, our in vitro study, using Kpnb1 RNA interference in PC12 cells, further indicated that Kpnb1 might exert its pro-apoptotic function on neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, Kpnb1 may play a role in the neuronal apoptosis following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Dai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijian Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidan Ni
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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A New Role Discovered for IGTP: The Protective Effect of IGTP in ICH-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:713-24. [PMID: 26242173 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma-induced GTPase (IGTP), which is also named Irgm3, has been widely described in regulating host resistance against intracellular pathogens. Previous researches have demonstrated that IGTP exerts beneficial function during coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. However, little information is available regarding the role of IGTP in central nervous system. Here, our study revealed that IGTP may have an essential role during ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis. We found the expression level of IGTP adjacent to hematoma was strongly increased after ICH, accompanied with the up-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), active-caspase-3, p-GSK-3β, and Bax. IGTP was also observed to be co-localized with PCNA in astrocytes and active-caspase-3 in neurons, indicating its association with astrocyte proliferation and neuronal apoptosis after ICH. Finally, in vitro study, knocking down IGTP with IGTP-specific siRNA promoted active-caspase-3, p-GSK-3β, and Bax expression, and led to more severe neuronal apoptosis after ICH. All these results above suggested that IGTP might play a critical role in protecting neurons from apoptosis after ICH.
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Li A, Li L, Sun X, Ni Y, Chen X, Guo A, Chen X. Increased Expression of Mitochondrial Inner-Membrane Protein Mpv17 After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1620-30. [PMID: 26123482 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Mpv17 gene encodes a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein that has been implicated in several cell activities. Almost all studies have previously indicated that loss of function or gene-inactivated in Mpv17 can induce the development of disease. Here, we explored the roles of Mpv17 protein in the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). An ICH rat model was established and assessed by behavioral tests. Using western blot and immunohistochemistry, significant up-regulation of Mpv17 was found in neurons in brain areas surrounding the hematoma following ICH. The increase of Mpv17 expression was found to be accompanied by the enhanced expression of p53, Bax, cytochrome c (Cyt c) and active caspase-3, and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in the pathological process of rat ICH. Furthermore, immunofluorescent staining revealed that Mpv17 co-localized with p53, Bax and active caspase-3 in neurons, suggesting its biological function in the process of neuronal apoptosis. Our in vitro study, using Mpv17 RNA interference in primary cortical neurons, indicated that Mpv17 might exert its anti-apoptotic function in neuronal apoptosis. Thus, Mpv17 may play a role in protecting the brain from secondary damage following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Crystallins and neuroinflammation: The glial side of the story. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:278-86. [PMID: 26049079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an abundance of evidence to support the association of damaging neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration across a multitude of diseases. One of the links between these pathological phenomena is the role of chaperone proteins as both neuroprotective and immune-regulatory agents. SCOPE OF REVIEW Chaperone proteins are highly expressed at sites of neuroinflammation both in glial cells and in the injured neurons that initiate the immune response. For this reason, the use of chaperones as treatment for various diseases associated with neuroinflammation is a highly active area of investigation. This review explores the various ways that the small heat shock protein chaperones, α-crystallins, can affect glial cell function with a specific focus on their implication in the inflammatory response associated with neurodegenerative disorders, and their potential as therapeutic treatment. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanisms are still under investigation, a clear link has now been established between alpha-crystallins and neuroinflammation, especially through their roles in microglial and macroglial cells. Interestingly, similar to inflammation in itself, crystallins can have a beneficial or detrimental impact on the CNS based on the context and duration of the condition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Overall this review points out the novel roles that chaperones such as alpha-crystallins can play outside of the classical protein folding pathways, and their potential in the development of new therapies for the treatment of neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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12
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Up-regulation of VCAM1 Relates to Neuronal Apoptosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1042-52. [PMID: 25868755 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) is a member of the Immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed in cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, facilitates the downstream signaling, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that VCAM1 exerts an anti-apoptotic effect in several tumor tissues such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality, which imposes a big burden on individuals and the whole society. These together prompted us to question whether VCAM1 has some association with neuron apoptosis during the pathological process of ICH. An ICH rat model was established and assessed by behavioral tests in order to explore the role of VCAM1 after ICH. Up-regulation of VCAM1 was observed in brain areas surrounding the hematoma following ICH by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence manifested VCAM1 was strikingly increased in neurons, but not in astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, we detected that neuronal apoptosis marker active caspase-3 had co-localizations with VCAM1. At the same time, Bcl-2 was also co-localized with VCAM1. Taken together, our findings suggested that VCAM1 might be involved in the neuronal apoptosis and pathophysiology of ICH.
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Protective Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) in Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:921-30. [PMID: 25820784 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has invoked considerable interest because of its presence in foods, antioxidant properties, cofactor of dehydrogenase, and amine oxidase. Protective roles of PQQ in central nervous system diseases, such as experimental stroke and spinal cord injury models have been emerged. However, it is unclear whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), as an acute devastating disease, can also benefit from PQQ in experimental conditions. Herein, we examined the possible effect of PQQ on neuronal functions following ICH in the adult rats. The results showed that rats pretreated with PQQ at 10 mg/kg effectively improved the locomotor functions, alleviated the hematoma volumes, and reduced the expansion of brain edema after ICH. Also, pretreated rats with PQQ obviously reduced the production of reactive oxygen species after ICH, probably due to its antioxidant properties. Further, we found that, Bcl-2/Bax, the important indicator of oxidative stress insult in mitochondria after ICH, exhibited increasing ratio in PQQ-pretreated groups. Moreover, activated caspase-3, the apoptotic executor, showed coincident alleviation in PQQ groups after ICH. Collectively, we speculated that PQQ might be an effective and potential neuroprotectant in clinical therapy for ICH.
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Ke K, Shen J, Song Y, Cao M, Lu H, Liu C, Shen J, Li A, Huang J, Ni H, Chen X, Liu Y. CDK5 Contributes to Neuronal Apoptosis via Promoting MEF2D Phosphorylation in Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:48-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ke K, Song Y, Shen J, Niu M, Zhang H, Yuan D, Ni H, Zhang Y, Liu X, Dai A, Cao M. Up-regulation of Glis2 involves in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:345-354. [PMID: 25370802 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel Krüppel-like zinc finger protein Gli-similar 2 (Glis2), one member of the transcription factors, is involved in controlling the flow of genetic information and the modulation of diverse cellular activities. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated its important roles in adult development and several diseases. However, information regarding the regulation and possible function of Glis2 in the central nervous system is still limited. In this study, we explored the roles of Glis2 during the pathophysiological process of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). An ICH rat model was established and assessed by behavioral tests. Expression of Glis2 was significantly up-regulated in brain areas surrounding the hematoma following ICH. Immunofluorescence showed that Glis2 was strikingly increased in neurons, but not astrocytes or microglia. Up-regulation of Glis2 was found to be accompanied by the increased expression of active caspase-3 and Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in vivo and vitro studies. Moreover, knocking down Glis2 by RNA-interference in PC12 cells reduced active caspase-3 and Bax expression while increased Bcl-2. Collectively, we speculated that Glis2 might exert pro-apoptotic function in neurons following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Niu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daming Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Ni
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Dai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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BTEB2 prevents neuronal apoptosis via promoting bad phosphorylation in rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:206-216. [PMID: 24770868 PMCID: PMC4289975 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor 5 (KLF5), known as BTEB2 or IKLF, has several biological functions that involve cell proliferation, development and apoptosis. Previous studies demonstrated that BTEB2 had anti-apoptotic effect in multiple diseases such as esophageal cancer and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). However, the distribution and function of BTEB2 in CNS diseases remain unknown. In this study, we show that BTEB2 down-regulates neuronal apoptosis during pathophysiological processes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A rat ICH model was established by behavioral tests. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed a remarkable up-regulation of BTEB2 expression surrounding the hematoma after ICH. Double-labeled immunofluorescence showed BTEB2 was mostly co-localized with neurons, rarely with activated astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, we detected that neuronal apoptosis marker active caspase-3 had co-localizations with BTEB2. In addition, KLF5 knockdown in vitro specifically resulted in increasing neuronal apoptosis coupled with reduced Bad phosphorylation at both ser112 and ser136 residues. All our findings suggested that BTEB2 down-regulated neuronal apoptosis via promoting Bad phosphorylation after ICH.
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Upregulation of EHD2 after intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:171-80. [PMID: 24664435 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
EHD2, a member of the Eps15 homology domain (EH domain) family, is important for protein interactions during vesicular trafficking. Previous studies have proved that EHD2 can regulate trafficking from the plasma membrane in the process of endocytosis. However, its function in central nervous system diseases is still with limited understanding. In this frame, we found that EHD2 expression was upregulated in the perihematomal caudate in adult rats after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that EHD2 was colocalized with neurons and activated microglias after ICH. Besides, we detected that neuronal apoptosis markers (TUNEL and caspase-3), and microglial activation marker (CD68), also known as a marker of macrophage, were colocated with EHD2. The vitro study also indicated that EHD2 was linked with neuronal apoptosis and microglial phagocytosis. All our findings suggested that EHD2 might be involved in the pathophysiology of ICH.
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