1
|
Sosero YL, Bandres-Ciga S, Ferwerda B, Tocino MTP, Belloso DR, Gómez-Garre P, Faouzi J, Taba P, Pavelka L, Marques TM, Gomes CPC, Kolodkin A, May P, Milanowski LM, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Heutink P, van Hilten JJ, Simon DK, Eberly S, Alvarez I, Krohn L, Yu E, Freeman K, Rudakou U, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Menéndez-Gonzàlez M, Pastor P, Ross OA, Krüger R, Corvol JC, Koks S, Mir P, De Bie RMA, Iwaki H, Gan-Or Z. Dopamine Pathway and Parkinson's Risk Variants Are Associated with Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 39132902 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common adverse effect of levodopa, one of the main therapeutics used to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous evidence suggests a connection between LID and a disruption of the dopaminergic system as well as genes implicated in PD, including GBA1 and LRRK2. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate the effects of genetic variants on risk and time to LID. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and analyses focused on GBA1 and LRRK2 variants. We also calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) including risk variants for PD and variants in genes involved in the dopaminergic transmission pathway. To test the influence of genetics on LID risk we used logistic regression, and to examine its impact on time to LID we performed Cox regression including 1612 PD patients with and 3175 without LID. RESULTS We found that GBA1 variants were associated with LID risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.26; P = 0.0017) and LRRK2 variants with reduced time to LID onset (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-1.84; P = 0.0098). The fourth quartile of the PD PRS was associated with increased LID risk (ORfourth_quartile = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.56; P = 0.0210). The third and fourth dopamine pathway PRS quartiles were associated with a reduced time to development of LID (HRthird_quartile = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.07-1.79; P = 0.0128; HRfourth_quartile = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.06-1.78; P = 0.0147). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that variants implicated in PD and in the dopaminergic transmission pathway play a role in the risk/time to develop LID. Further studies will be necessary to examine how these findings can inform clinical care. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Sosero
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes on Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bart Ferwerda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T P Tocino
- Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dìaz R Belloso
- Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez-Garre
- Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johann Faouzi
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Economics and Statistics, CREST, ENSAI, Campus de Ker-Lann, Bruz Cedex, France
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lukas Pavelka
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Tainà M Marques
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexey Kolodkin
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Lukasz M Milanowski
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jacobus J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David K Simon
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shirley Eberly
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manuel Menéndez-Gonzàlez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Department of Economics and Statistics, CREST, ENSAI, Campus de Ker-Lann, Bruz Cedex, France
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Neurological and Translational Science, Perron Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pablo Mir
- Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rob M A De Bie
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes on Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Over 2.6 million adults over the age of 65 develop delirium each year in the United States (US). Delirium is associated with a significant increase in mortality and the US health care costs associated with delirium are estimated at over $164 billion annually. Despite the prevalence of the condition, the molecular pathophysiology of delirium remains unexplained, limiting the development of pharmacotherapies. Delirious patients can be identified by prominent impairments in attention and working memory (WM), two cognitive domains that localize to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). The dlPFC is also a key site for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, and given the high risk of delirium in AD patients, suggests that efforts at understanding delirium might focus on the dlPFC as a final common endpoint for cognitive changes. Preclinical studies of the dlPFC reproduce many of the pharmacological observations made of delirious patients, including sensitivity to anticholinergics and an 'inverted U' pattern of dependence on monoaminergic input, with diminished performance outside a narrow range of signaling. Medications like guanfacine, which influence the dlPFC in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have emerged as therapies for delirium and motivate a detailed understanding of the influence of α-2 agonists on WM. In this review, I will discuss the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying WM and the function of the dlPFC. Localizing the cognitive deficits that are commonly seen in delirious patients may help identify new molecular targets for this highly prevalent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Lyman
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sosero YL, Bandres-Ciga S, Ferwerda B, Tocino MTP, Belloso DR, Gómez-Garre P, Faouzi J, Taba P, Pavelka L, Marques TM, Gomes CPC, Kolodkin A, May P, Milanowski LM, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Heutink P, van Hilten JJ, Simon DK, Eberly S, Alvarez I, Krohn L, Yu E, Freeman K, Rudakou U, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Menéndez-Gonzàlez M, Pastor P, Ross OA, Krüger R, Corvol JC, Koks S, Mir P, De Bie RMA, Iwaki H, Gan-Or Z. Dopamine pathway and Parkinson's risk variants are associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.28.23294610. [PMID: 37790572 PMCID: PMC10543218 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.23294610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common adverse effect of levodopa, one of the main therapeutics used to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous evidence suggests a connection between LID and a disruption of the dopaminergic system as well as genes implicated in PD, including GBA1 and LRRK2. Objectives To investigate the effects of genetic variants on risk and time to LID. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and analyses focused on GBA1 and LRRK2 variants. We also calculated polygenic risk scores including risk variants for PD and variants in genes involved in the dopaminergic transmission pathway. To test the influence of genetics on LID risk we used logistic regression, and to examine its impact on time to LID we performed Cox regression including 1,612 PD patients with and 3,175 without LID. Results We found that GBA1 variants were associated with LID risk (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.21-2.26, p=0.0017) and LRRK2 variants with reduced time to LID onset (HR=1.42, 95% CI=1.09-1.84, p=0.0098). The fourth quartile of the PD PRS was associated with increased LID risk (ORfourth_quartile=1.27, 95% CI=1.03-1.56, p=0.0210). The third and fourth dopamine pathway PRS quartiles were associated with a reduced time to development of LID (HRthird_quartile=1.38, 95% CI=1.07-1.79, p=0.0128; HRfourth_quartile=1.38, 95% CI=1.06-1.78, p=0.0147). Conclusions This study suggests that variants implicated in PD and in the dopaminergic transmission pathway play a role in the risk/time to develop LID. Further studies will be necessary to examine how these findings can inform clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Sosero
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes on Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bart Ferwerda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T P Tocino
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dìaz R Belloso
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez-Garre
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johann Faouzi
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- CREST, ENSAI, Campus de Ker-Lann, 51 Rue Blaise Pascal - BP 37203 35172 Bruz Cedex, France
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Lukas Pavelka
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Tainà M Marques
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexey Kolodkin
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Lukasz M Milanowski
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - David K Simon
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Shirley Eberly
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Menéndez-Gonzàlez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- CREST, ENSAI, Campus de Ker-Lann, 51 Rue Blaise Pascal - BP 37203 35172 Bruz Cedex, France
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rob M A De Bie
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes on Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pelosi A, Nakamura Y, Girault JA, Hervé D. BDNF/TrkB pathway activation in D1 receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons plays a protective role against L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106238. [PMID: 37495178 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a frequent adverse side effect of L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of these motor disorders is needed to reduce or prevent them. We investigated the role of TrkB receptor in LID, in hemiparkinsonian mice treated by chronic L-DOPA administration. Repeated L-DOPA treatment for 10 days specifically increased full-length TrkB receptor mRNA and protein levels in the dopamine-depleted dorsal striatum (DS) compared to the contralateral non-lesioned DS or to the DS of sham-operated animals. Dopamine depletion alone or acute L-DOPA treatment did not significantly increase TrkB protein levels. In addition to increasing TrkB protein levels, chronic L-DOPA treatment activated the TrkB receptor as evidenced by its increased tyrosine phosphorylation. Using specific agonists for the D1 or D2 receptors, we found that TrkB increase is D1 receptor-dependent. To determine the consequences of these effects, the TrkB gene was selectively deleted in striatal neurons expressing the D1 receptor. Mice with TrkB floxed gene were injected with Cre-expressing adeno-associated viruses or crossed with Drd1-Cre transgenic mice. After unilateral lesion of dopamine neurons in these mice, we found an aggravation of axial LID compared to the control groups. In contrast, no change was found when TrkB deletion was induced in the indirect pathway D2 receptor-expressing neurons. Our study suggests that BDNF/TrkB signaling plays a protective role against the development of LID and that agonists specifically activating TrkB could reduce the severity of LID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Pelosi
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Yukari Nakamura
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ayuso P, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gómez-Tabales J, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. An update on the pharmacogenetic considerations when prescribing dopamine receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:447-460. [PMID: 37599424 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2249404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative multisystemic disorder that affects approximately 2% of the population over 65 years old. This disorder is characterized by motor symptoms which are frequently accompanied by non-motor symptoms such as cognitive disorders. Current drug therapies aim to reduce the symptoms and increase the patient's life expectancy. Nevertheless, there is heterogeneity in therapy response in terms of efficacy and adverse effects. This wide range in response may be linked to genetic variability. Thus, it has been suggested that pharmacogenomics may help to tailor and personalize drug therapy for Parkinson's disease. AREAS COVERED This review describes and updates the clinical impact of genetic factors associated with the efficacy and adverse drug reactions related to common medications used to treat Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we highlight current informative recommendations for the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. EXPERT OPINION The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles of Parkinson's disease drugs do not favor the development of pharmacogenetic tests with a high probability of success. The chances of obtaining ground-breaking pharmacogenetics biomarkers for Parkinson's disease therapy are limited. Nevertheless, additional information on the metabolism of certain drugs, and an analysis of the potential of pharmacogenetics in novel drugs could be of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Javier Gómez-Tabales
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Woitalla D, Buhmann C, Hilker-Roggendorf R, Höglinger G, Koschel J, Müller T, Weise D. Role of dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease therapy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:863-873. [PMID: 37165120 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine agonists are an important component of Parkinson's therapy. When weighing up the various therapy options, therapy with levodopa has recently been increasingly preferred due to its stronger efficacy and the ostensibly lower rate of side effects. The advantage of the lower incidence of motor complications during therapy with dopamine agonists was neglected. The occurrence of side effects can be explained by the different receptor affinity to the individual dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic receptors of the individual dopamine agonists. However, the different affinity to individual receptors also explains the different effect on individual Parkinson symptoms and can, therefore, contribute to a targeted use of the different dopamine agonists. Since comparative studies on the differential effect of dopamine agonists have only been conducted for individual substances, empirical knowledge of the differential effect is of great importance. Therefore, the guidelines for the treatment of Parkinson's disease do not consider the differential effect of the dopamine agonists. The historical consideration of dopamine agonists within Parkinson's therapy deserves special attention to be able to classify the current discussion about the significance of dopamine agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Woitalla
- Department of Neurology, Katholische Kliniken Der Ruhrhalbinsel, Essen, Germany.
| | - C Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - G Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Koschel
- Department of Neurology Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau, Wolfach, Germany
| | - T Müller
- Department of Neurology, Alexianer St. Joseph Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Weise
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Fachklinikum Stadtroda, Stadtroda, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu JS, Chen Y, Shi DD, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Pharmacogenomics-a New Frontier for Individualized Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:536-546. [PMID: 36582064 PMCID: PMC10207905 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221229154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a significant public health burden. It is characterized by the gradual degeneration of dopamine neurons in the central nervous system. Although symptomatic pharmacological management remains the primary therapeutic method for PD, clinical experience reveals significant inter-individual heterogeneity in treatment effectiveness and adverse medication responses. The mechanisms behind the observed interindividual variability may be elucidated by investigating the role of genetic variation in human-to-human variances in medication responses and adverse effects. OBJECTIVE This review aims to explore the impact of gene polymorphism on the efficacy of antiparkinsonian drugs. The identification of factors associated with treatment effectiveness variability might assist the creation of a more tailored pharmacological therapy with higher efficacy, fewer side outcomes, and cheaper costs. METHODS In this review, we conducted a thorough search in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and critically examined current discoveries on Parkinson's disease pharmacogenetics. The ethnicity of the individuals, research methodologies, and potential bias of these studies were thoroughly compared, with the primary focus on consistent conclusions. RESULTS This review provides a summary of the existing data on PD pharmacogenetics, identifies its limitations, and offers insights that may be beneficial for future research. Previous studies have investigated the impact of gene polymorphism on the effectiveness and adverse effects of levodopa. The trendiest genes are the COMT gene, DAT gene, and DRD2 gene. However, limited study on other anti-Parkinson's drugs has been conducted. CONCLUSION Therefore, In order to develop an individualized precision treatment for PD, it is an inevitable trend to carry out multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials of PD pharmacogenomics covering common clinical anti-PD drugs in large, homogeneous cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Si Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soraya GV, Ulhaq ZS, Shodry S, A'raaf Sirojan Kusuma M, Herawangsa S, Sativa MO, Gustaf A, Faridwazdi DAN, Florentia SW, Raisa N, Bintang AK, Akbar M. Polymorphisms of the dopamine metabolic and signaling pathways are associated with susceptibility to motor levodopa-induced complications (MLIC) in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:3649-3670. [PMID: 35079903 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine replacement therapy remains the gold standard for symptomatic management of Parkinson's disease worldwide. However, most patients will develop debilitating motor levodopa-induced complications (MLIC) in the form of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and/or motor fluctuations (MF). This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the pharmacogenetic association between LID and MF with common genetic variants of the dopamine metabolic and signaling pathways. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Extracted studies include case-control studies evaluating the association between SLC6A3/DAT rs28363170 and rs393795; COMT rs4680 and rs4633; MAO-B rs1799836, BDNF rs6265, DRD1 rs4532, DRD2 rs1800497, DRD3 rs6280, and DRD5 rs6283 polymorphisms; and the overall risk of MLIC and its subtypes LID or MF. Genotypic frequency were tested for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and the genetic association was examined using the allelic (a vs. A), recessive (aa vs. Aa + AA), dominant (aa + Aa vs. AA), overdominant (Aa vs. aa + AA), homozygous (aa vs. AA), and heterozygous (Aa vs. AA and aa vs. aA) models. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association was found between COMT rs46809 polymorphisms with LID but not MF, with the association observable in Asians but not Caucasians. In Asians, the COMT rs4633 was significantly associated with the occurrence of both LID and MF. The MAO-B rs1799836 was associated with both MF and LID. Among all the dopamine receptor genes analyzed, only DRD2 exhibited an association with LID. No association was observed between the SLC6AT/DAT and BDNF genes with either LID or MF. CONCLUSION Strong associations were observed between polymorphisms of genes regulating dopamine metabolism with the occurrence of LID and/or MF. The MAO-B rs1799836 may be potential for use as a general pharmacogenetic marker of MLIC, while the COMT rs4680 and rs4633 may be used as markers of LID in Asian ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia.
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Syifaus Shodry
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A'raaf Sirojan Kusuma
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Herawangsa
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Maharani Oryza Sativa
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Aridin Gustaf
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dzakky Avecienna Nur Faridwazdi
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Neila Raisa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Andi Kurnia Bintang
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akbar M, Soraya GV, Ulhaq ZS, Bintang AK. A Roadmap for Future Parkinson's Pharmacogenomics in Asia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:896371. [PMID: 35656536 PMCID: PMC9152086 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.896371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Akbar
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Andi Kurnia Bintang
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Functional MAOB Gene Intron 13 Polymorphism Predicts Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:5597503. [PMID: 35096365 PMCID: PMC8794697 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5597503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Identification of individual risk factors for motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD) can help to guide personalised medical treatment, particularly since treatment options are still limited. To determine whether common functional gene polymorphisms in the dopamine metabolism predict the onset of motor complications in PD, we performed a retrospective, observer-blinded follow-up study of 30 PD patients who underwent genotyping of dopa-decarboxylase (DDC; rs921451), monoamine oxidase B (MAOB; rs1799836), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; rs4680), and dopamine transporter (DAT; variable number tandem repeat) polymorphisms. Onset of wearing-off and dyskinesias was determined by blinded clinical assessments. Predictive values of genotypes for motor complications were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow-up time of 11.6 years, 23 (77%) of 30 PD patients developed wearing-off, 16 (53%) dyskinesias, and 23 (77%) any motor complication. The MAOB (rs1799836) polymorphism predicted development of dyskinesias with MAOBCC/(C)/CT genotypes (resulting in low/intermediate brain enzyme activity) being associated with lower hazard ratios (unadjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.264 [0.089–0.787]; p=0.012; adjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.142 [0.039–0.520]; p=0.003) than MAOBTT/(T) genotypes (resulting in high brain enzyme activity). DDC (rs921451), COMT (rs4680), and DAT (VNTR) polymorphisms were not predictive of motor complications. Together, the MAOB (rs1799836) polymorphism predicts the development of dyskinesias in PD patients. Our results need confirmation in larger cohorts. If confirmed, individual assessment of this polymorphism might be helpful for early risk stratification and could comprise a step towards patient-tailored therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay motor complications in the course of PD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zapała B, Stefura T, Piwowar M, Czekalska S, Zawada M, Hadasik M, Solnica B, Rudzińska-Bar M. The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Monoamine Oxidase B, Dopamine D2 Receptor, and DOPA Decarboxylase Receptors Among Patients Treated for Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:812-819. [PMID: 35044623 PMCID: PMC8986734 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between selected variants of genes related to dopamine metabolism pathways and the risk of and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This prospective cohort study was conducted in one academic teaching hospital. The study was conducted on 126 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Blood samples were collected to conduct a genotyping of MAOB, DRD1, DRD2, and DDC genes. Genotype and allele frequencies of MAOB (rs1799836) variants were not associated with the course of PD. Genotype and allele frequencies of DRD2 (rs2283265) variants were associated with risk of dementia (p = 0.001) and resulted in parts II and III of the UPDRS scale (p = 0.001). Genotype and allele frequencies of DRD2 (rs1076560) variants were associated with risk of dementia (p = 0.001) and resulted in parts II and III of the UPDRS scale (p = 0.001). Genotype and allele frequencies of DDC (rs921451) variants were not associated with the course of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zapała
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Monika Piwowar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Czekalska
- Department of Hematology Diagnostics and Genetics, The University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zawada
- Department of Hematology Diagnostics and Genetics, The University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Hadasik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bove F, Calabresi P. Plasticity, genetics, and epigenetics in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:167-184. [PMID: 35034732 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
l-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a frequent complication in l-dopa-treated patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). In the last years, several progresses in the knowledge of LIDs mechanisms have led to the identification of several molecular and electrophysiologic events. A complex cascade of intracellular events underlies the pathophysiology of LIDs, and, among these, aberrant plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia system, at striatal and cortical level, plays a key role. Furthermore, several recent studies have investigated genetic susceptibility and epigenetic modifications in LIDs pathophysiology that might have future relevance in clinical practice and pharmacologic research. These progresses might lead to the development of specific strategies not only to treat, but also to prevent or delay the development of LIDs in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bove
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3: multidisease risks. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1031-1046. [PMID: 34650206 PMCID: PMC9008071 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 has been consistently implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases but the disease mechanism remains elusive. In this risk synthesis, we have concluded that SLC6A3 represents an increasingly recognized risk with a growing number of familial mutants associated with neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. At least five loci were related to common and severe diseases including alcohol use disorder (high activity variant), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (low activity variant), autism (familial proteins with mutated networking) and movement disorders (both regulatory variants and familial mutations). Association signals depended on genetic markers used as well as ethnicity examined. Strong haplotype selection and gene-wide epistases support multimarker assessment of functional variations and phenotype associations. Inclusion of its promoter region's functional markers such as DNPi (rs67175440) and 5'VNTR (rs70957367) may help delineate condensate-based risk action, testing a locus-pathway-phenotype hypothesis for one gene-multidisease etiology.
Collapse
|
14
|
Thomas MH, Gui Y, Garcia P, Karout M, Gomez Ramos B, Jaeger C, Michelucci A, Gaigneaux A, Kollmus H, Centeno A, Schughart K, Balling R, Mittelbronn M, Nadeau JH, Sauter T, Williams RW, Sinkkonen L, Buttini M. Quantitative trait locus mapping identifies a locus linked to striatal dopamine and points to collagen IV alpha-6 chain as a novel regulator of striatal axonal branching in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12769. [PMID: 34453370 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons) are controlled by multiple factors, many involved in neurological disease. Parkinson's disease motor symptoms are caused by the demise of nigral DA neurons, leading to loss of striatal dopamine (DA). Here, we measured DA concentration in the dorsal striatum of 32 members of Collaborative Cross (CC) family and their eight founder strains. Striatal DA varied greatly in founders, and differences were highly heritable in the inbred CC progeny. We identified a locus, containing 164 genes, linked to DA concentration in the dorsal striatum on chromosome X. We used RNAseq profiling of the ventral midbrain of two founders with substantial difference in striatal DA-C56BL/6 J and A/J-to highlight potential protein-coding candidates modulating this trait. Among the five differentially expressed genes within the locus, we found that the gene coding for the collagen IV alpha 6 chain (Col4a6) was expressed nine times less in A/J than in C57BL/6J. Using single cell RNA-seq data from developing human midbrain, we found that COL4A6 is highly expressed in radial glia-like cells and neuronal progenitors, indicating a role in neuronal development. Collagen IV alpha-6 chain (COL4A6) controls axogenesis in simple model organisms. Consistent with these findings, A/J mice had less striatal axonal branching than C57BL/6J mice. We tentatively conclude that DA concentration and axonal branching in dorsal striatum are modulated by COL4A6, possibly during development. Our study shows that genetic mapping based on an easily measured Central Nervous System (CNS) trait, using the CC population, combined with follow-up observations, can parse heritability of such a trait, and nominate novel functions for commonly expressed proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie H Thomas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg
| | - Yujuan Gui
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg.,National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Mona Karout
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Borja Gomez Ramos
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christian Jaeger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.,Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthoula Gaigneaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Heike Kollmus
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arthur Centeno
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg.,Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lasse Sinkkonen
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng C, Zhang F. New insights into pathogenesis of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:104-113. [PMID: 34331976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and self-propelling neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by motor symptoms, such as rigidity, tremor, slowness of movement and problems with gait. These symptoms become worse over time. To date, Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with 3, 4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) is still the most effective pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms of PD. Unfortunately, motor fluctuations consisting of wearing-off effect actions and dyskinesia tend to occur in a few years of starting l-DOPA. Currently, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is troublesome and the pathogenesis of LID requires further investigation. Importantly, a new intervention for LID is imminent. Thus, this review mainly summarized the clinical features, risk factors and pathogenesis of LID to provide updatefor the development of therapeutic targets and new approaches for the treatment of LID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zheng
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sortwell CE, Hacker ML, Fischer DL, Konrad PE, Davis TL, Neimat JS, Wang L, Song Y, Mattingly ZR, Cole-Strauss A, Lipton JW, Charles PD. BDNF rs6265 Genotype Influences Outcomes of Pharmacotherapy and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:846-853. [PMID: 34288271 PMCID: PMC8770717 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of pharmacotherapy and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in treating Parkinson's disease motor symptoms is highly variable and may be influenced by patient genotype. The relatively common (prevalence about one in three) and protein-altering rs6265 single nucleotide polymorphism (C > T) in the gene BDNF has been associated with different clinical outcomes with levodopa. OBJECTIVE We sought to replicate this reported association in early-stage Parkinson's disease subjects and to examine whether a difference in clinical outcomes was present with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen deep brain stimulation and 13 medical therapy subjects were followed for 24 months as part of the Vanderbilt DBS in Early Stage PD clinical trial (NCT00282152, FDA IDE #G050016). Primary outcome measures were the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39. RESULTS Outcomes with drug therapy in subjects carrying the rs6265 T allele were significantly worse following 12 months of treatment compared to C/C subjects (UPDRS: +20 points, p = 0.019; PDQ-39: +16 points, p = 0.018). In contrast, rs6265 genotype had no effect on overall motor response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation at any time point; further, rs6265 C/C subjects treated with stimulation were associated with worse UPDRS part II scores at 24 months compared to medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Genotyping for the rs6265 polymorphism may be useful for predicting long-term response to drug therapy and counseling Parkinson's disease patients regarding whether to consider earlier subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Validation in a larger cohort of early-stage Parkinson's disease subjects is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Mallory L Hacker
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Luke Fischer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas L Davis
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lily Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yanna Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zach R Mattingly
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jack W Lipton
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - P David Charles
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Magistrelli L, Ferrari M, Furgiuele A, Milner AV, Contaldi E, Comi C, Cosentino M, Marino F. Polymorphisms of Dopamine Receptor Genes and Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Relevance and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073781. [PMID: 33917417 PMCID: PMC8038729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. PD is clinically characterized by a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms, and treatment relies on dopaminergic replacement. Beyond a common pathological hallmark, PD patients may present differences in both clinical progression and response to drug therapy that are partly affected by genetic factors. Despite extensive knowledge on genetic variability of dopaminergic receptors (DR), few studies have addressed their relevance as possible influencers of clinical heterogeneity in PD patients. In this review, we summarized available evidence regarding the role of genetic polymorphisms in DR as possible determinants of PD development, progression and treatment response. Moreover, we examined the role of DR in the modulation of peripheral immunity, in light of the emerging role of the peripheral immune system in PD pathophysiology. A better understanding of all these aspects represents an important step towards the development of precise and personalized disease-modifying therapies for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Magistrelli
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.)
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.V.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Centre of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.); (M.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Alessia Furgiuele
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.)
- Centre of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.); (M.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Vera Milner
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.V.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Contaldi
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.V.M.); (E.C.)
- PhD Program in Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.V.M.); (E.C.)
- Centre of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.); (M.C.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Centre of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.); (M.C.); (F.M.)
- Center of Research in Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Centre of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.); (M.C.); (F.M.)
- Center of Research in Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang K, Zhao X, Wang C, Zeng C, Luo Y, Sun T. Circuit Mechanisms of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia (LID). Front Neurosci 2021; 15:614412. [PMID: 33776634 PMCID: PMC7988225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.614412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA is the criterion standard of treatment for Parkinson disease. Although it alleviates some of the Parkinsonian symptoms, long-term treatment induces L-DOPA–induced dyskinesia (LID). Several theoretical models including the firing rate model, the firing pattern model, and the ensemble model are proposed to explain the mechanisms of LID. The “firing rate model” proposes that decreasing the mean firing rates of the output nuclei of basal ganglia (BG) including the globus pallidus internal segment and substantia nigra reticulata, along the BG pathways, induces dyskinesia. The “firing pattern model” claimed that abnormal firing pattern of a single unit activity and local field potentials may disturb the information processing in the BG, resulting in dyskinesia. The “ensemble model” described that dyskinesia symptoms might represent a distributed impairment involving many brain regions, but the number of activated neurons in the striatum correlated most strongly with dyskinesia severity. Extensive evidence for circuit mechanisms in driving LID symptoms has also been presented. LID is a multisystem disease that affects wide areas of the brain. Brain regions including the striatum, the pallidal–subthalamic network, the motor cortex, the thalamus, and the cerebellum are all involved in the pathophysiology of LID. In addition, although both amantadine and deep brain stimulation help reduce LID, these approaches have complications that limit their wide use, and a novel antidyskinetic drug is strongly needed; these require us to understand the circuit mechanism of LID more deeply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changcai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Genetic variants in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Dos Santos EUD, da Silva IIFG, Asano AGC, Asano NMJ, De Mascena Diniz Maia M, de Souza PRE. Pharmacogenetic profile and the development of the dyskinesia induced by levodopa-therapy in Parkinson's disease patients: a population-based cohort study. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8997-9004. [PMID: 33151475 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is an adverse effect that negatively impacts the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies report that genetic variations in the genes of the pharmacogenetic pathway of the levodopa (L-DOPA) might be associated with LID development. The goal of the present study was to investigate a possible influence of functional genetic variants in the DRD1 (rs4532), DRD2 (rs1800497), DAT1 (rs28363170), and COMT (rs4680) genes with LID development. A total of 220 patients with idiopathic PD were enrolled. The genotyping for DRD1 (rs4532), DRD2 (rs1800497), DAT1 (rs28363170), and COMT (rs4680) polymorphisms were performed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association of these polymorphisms and risk factors with LID development. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed increased risk to LID development for both Levodopa Dose Equivalency (LED) (Hazard ratios (HR) = 1.001; 95% CI 1.00-1.01; p = 0.009) and individuals carrying the COMT L/L genotype (HR = 2.974; 95% CI 1.12-7.83; p = 0.010). Furthermore, when performed a Cox regression analysis adjusted for a total LED, we observed that the genotype COMT L/L had a 3.84-fold increased risk for LID development (HR = 3.841; 95% CI 1.29-11.37; p = 0.012). Our results suggest that before treating LID in PD patients, it is important to take into consideration genetic variant in the COMT gene, since COMT LL genotype may increase the risk for LID development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erinaldo Ubirajara Damasceno Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, S/N -Dois Irmãos, CEP:52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Amdore Guescel C Asano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pro-Parkinson Program of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco Recife (HC/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nadja Maria Jorge Asano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pro-Parkinson Program of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco Recife (HC/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Roberto Eleutério de Souza
- Graduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, S/N -Dois Irmãos, CEP:52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fischer DL, Auinger P, Goudreau JL, Cole-Strauss A, Kieburtz K, Elm JJ, Hacker ML, Charles PD, Lipton JW, Pickut BA, Sortwell CE. BDNF rs6265 Variant Alters Outcomes with Levodopa in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1785-1795. [PMID: 33215284 PMCID: PMC7851242 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease outcomes are heterogeneous in Parkinson's disease and may be predicted by gene variants. This study investigated if the BDNF rs6265 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with differential outcomes with specific pharmacotherapy treatment strategies in the "NIH Exploratory Trials in PD Long-term Study 1" (NET-PD LS-1, n = 540). DNA samples were genotyped for the rs6265 SNP and others (rs11030094, rs10501087, rs1491850, rs908867, and rs1157659). The primary measures were the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and its motor component (UPDRS-III). Groups were divided by genotype and treatment regimen (levodopa monotherapy vs levodopa with other medications vs no levodopa). T allele carriers were associated with worse UPDRS outcomes compared to C/C subjects when treated with levodopa monotherapy (+ 6 points, p = 0.02) and to T allele carriers treated with no levodopa treatment strategies (UPDRS: + 8 points, p = 0.01; UPDRS-III: + 6 points, p = 0.01). Similar effects of worse outcomes associated with levodopa monotherapy were observed in the BDNF rs11030094, rs10501087, and rs1491850 SNPs. This study suggests the levodopa monotherapy strategy is associated with worse disease outcomes in BDNF rs6265 T carriers. Pending prospective validation, BDNF variants may be precision medicine factors to consider for symptomatic treatment decisions for early-stage PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Luke Fischer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503-2532, USA
| | - Peggy Auinger
- Center for Health and Technology, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John L Goudreau
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503-2532, USA
| | - Karl Kieburtz
- Center for Health and Technology, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jordan J Elm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mallory L Hacker
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P David Charles
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jack W Lipton
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503-2532, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Barbara A Pickut
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503-2532, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503-2532, USA.
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Redenšek S, Dolžan V. The role of pharmacogenomics in the personalization of Parkinson's disease treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1033-1043. [PMID: 32893736 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD)-related phenotypes can vary among patients substantially, including response to dopaminergic treatment in terms of efficacy and occurrence of adverse events. Many pharmacogenetic studies have already been conducted to find genetic markers of response to dopaminergic treatment. Integration of genetic and clinical data has already resulted in construction of clinical pharmacogenetic models for prediction of adverse events. However, the results of pharmacogenetic studies are inconsistent. More comprehensive genome-wide approaches are needed to find genetic biomarkers of PD-related phenotypes to better explain the variability in response to treatment. These genetic markers should be integrated with clinical, environmental, imaging, and other omics data to build clinically useful algorithms for personalization of PD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Santos-Lobato BL, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Rieder CRM, Hutz MH, Borges V, Ferraz HB, Mata IF, Zabetian CP, Tumas V. Diagnostic prediction model for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 78:206-216. [PMID: 32294749 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no methods to predict the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a frequent complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. Clinical predictors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been associated to LID in PD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of clinical and genetic variables with LID and to develop a diagnostic prediction model for LID in PD. METHODS We studied 430 PD patients using levodopa. The presence of LID was defined as an MDS-UPDRS Part IV score ≥1 on item 4.1. We tested the association between specific clinical variables and seven SNPs and the development of LID, using logistic regression models. RESULTS Regarding clinical variables, age of PD onset, disease duration, initial motor symptom and use of dopaminergic agonists were associated to LID. Only CC genotype of ADORA2A rs2298383 SNP was associated to LID after adjustment. We developed two diagnostic prediction models with reasonable accuracy, but we suggest that the clinical prediction model be used. This prediction model has an area under the curve of 0.817 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.77‒0.85) and no significant lack of fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p=0.61). CONCLUSION Predicted probability of LID can be estimated with reasonable accuracy using a diagnostic clinical prediction model which combines age of PD onset, disease duration, initial motor symptom and use of dopaminergic agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências Comportamentais, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mara H Hutz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Vanderci Borges
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ignacio F Mata
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências Comportamentais, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Michałowska M, Chalimoniuk M, Jówko E, Przybylska I, Langfort J, Toczylowska B, Krygowska-Wajs A, Fiszer U. Gene polymorphisms and motor levodopa-induced complications in Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01537. [PMID: 32022467 PMCID: PMC7066344 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of individual and combined single-nucleotide polymorphisms in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dopamine transporter (DAT), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes with the occurrence of motor levodopa-induced complications (MLIC) in Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 76 patients with PD (MLIC occurred in 56.6%) and 60 controls. Allelic discrimination of rs6265 BDNF (Val66Met), rs397595 DAT (SLC6A3), and rs4680 COMT (Val158Met) genes were genotyped. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using multinominal logistic regression. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis and OPLS discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze qualitative genetic data. RESULTS The risk of PD in subjects with the AG BDNF genotype was increased sixfold (OR = 6.12, 95% CI = 2.88-13.02, p < .0001), and AG BDNF and AG DAT genotypes were correlated with PD in OPLS-DA (VIP > 1). There were no differences in distributions of BDNF, DAT and COMT genotypes between PD groups with and without MLIC, while OPLS model showed that genotype combination of AG BDNF, AG DAT, and GG COMT was correlated with MLIC and genotypes combination of GG BDNF, AA DAT, and AA COMT with lack of MLIC in PD patients (VIP > 1). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the association of rs6265 BDNF (Val66Met) with the risk of PD and suggest a synergic effect of rs6265 BDNF (Val66Met), rs397595 DAT (SLC6A3), and rs4680 COMT (Val158Met) polymorphisms on the occurrence of MLIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Michałowska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orłowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Ewa Jówko
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Iwona Przybylska
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Institut of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Toczylowska
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krygowska-Wajs
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland
| | - Urszula Fiszer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orłowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang L, Yuan Y, Wang J, Shen Y, Zhi Y, Li J, Wang M, Zhang K. Allelic variant in SLC6A3 rs393795 affects cerebral regional homogeneity and gait dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7957. [PMID: 31720106 PMCID: PMC6836753 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We sought to explore the role of the SLC6A3rs393795 allelic variant in cerebral spontaneous activity and clinical features in Parkinson’s disease (PD) via imaging genetic approach. Methods Our study recruited 50 PD and 45 healthy control (HC) participants to provide clinical, genetic, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. All subjects were separated into 16 PD-AA, 34 PD-CA/CC, 14 HC-AA, and 31 HC-CA/CC four subgroups according to SLC6A3rs393795 genotyping. Afterwards, main effects and interactions of groups (PD versus HC) and genotypes (AA versus CA/CC) on cerebral function reflected by regional homogeneity (ReHo) were explored using two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) after controlling age and gender. Finally, Spearman’ s correlations were employed to investigate the relationships between significantly interactive brain regions and clinical manifestations in PD subgroups. Results Compared with HC subjects, PD patients exhibited increased ReHo signals in left middle temporal gyrus and decreased ReHo signals in left pallidum. Compared with CA/CC carriers, AA genotype individuals showed abnormal increased ReHo signals in right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Moreover, significant interactions (affected by both disease factor and allelic variation) were detected in right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Furthermore, aberrant increased ReHo signals in right ITG were observed in PD-AA in comparison with PD-CA/CC. Notably, ReHo values in right ITG were negatively associated with Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT) gait subscale scores and positively related to Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) scores in PD-AA subgroup. Conclusions Our findings suggested that SLC6A3rs393795 allelic variation might have a trend to aggravate the severity of gait disorders in PD patients by altering right SMA and IFG function, and ultimately result in compensatory activation of right ITG. It could provide us with a new perspective for exploring deeply genetic mechanisms of gait disturbances in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is the branch of personalized medicine concerned with the variability in drug response occurring because of heredity. Advances in genetics research, and decreasing costs of gene sequencing, are promoting tremendous growth in pharmacogenetics in all areas of medicine, including sleep medicine. This article reviews the body of research indicating that there are genetic variations that affect the therapeutic actions and adverse effects of agents used for the treatment of sleep disorders to show the potential of pharmacogenetics to improve the clinical practice of sleep medicine.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 is involved in substance use disorders (SUDs) among many other common neuropsychiatric illnesses but allelic association results including those with its classic genetic markers 3'VNTR or Int8VNTR remain mixed and unexplainable. To better understand the genetics for reproducible association signals, we report the presence of recombination hotspots based on sequencing of the entire 5' promoter regions in two small SUDs cohorts, 30 African Americans (AAs) and 30 European Americans (EAs). Recombination rate was the highest near the transcription start site (TSS) in both cohorts. In addition, each cohort carried 57 different promoter haplotypes out of 60 and no haplotypes were shared between the two ethnicities. A quarter of the haplotypes evolved in an ethnicity-specific manner. Finally, analysis of five hundred subjects of European ancestry, from the 1000 Genome Project, confirmed the promoter recombination hotspots and also revealed several additional ones in non-coding regions only. These findings provide an explanation for the mixed results as well as guidance for selection of effective markers to be used in next generation association validation (NGAV), facilitating the delineation of pathogenic variation in this critical neuropsychiatric gene.
Collapse
|
28
|
Redenšek S, Flisar D, Kojović M, Gregorič Kramberger M, Georgiev D, Pirtošek Z, Trošt M, Dolžan V. Dopaminergic Pathway Genes Influence Adverse Events Related to Dopaminergic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30745869 PMCID: PMC6360186 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic pathway is the most disrupted pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Several studies reported associations of dopaminergic genes with the occurrence of adverse events of dopaminergic treatment. However, none of these studies adopted a pathway based approach. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the influence of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms of key dopaminergic pathway genes on the occurrence of motor and non-motor adverse events of dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease. In total, 231 Parkinson's disease patients were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Genotyping was performed for 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms from key dopaminergic pathway genes. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used for evaluation. Results were adjusted for significant clinical data. We observed that carriers of at least one COMT rs165815 C allele had lower odds for developing visual hallucinations (OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16-0.72; p = 0.004), while carriers of at least one DRD3 rs6280 C allele and CC homozygotes had higher odds for this adverse event (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.00-3.54; p = 0.049 and OR = 3.31; 95% CI = 1.37-8.03; p = 0.008, respectively). Carriers of at least one DDC rs921451 C allele and CT heterozygotes had higher odds for orthostatic hypotension (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.07-3.23; p = 0.028 and OR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.26-4.20; p = 0.007, respectively). Heterozygotes for DDC rs3837091 and SLC22A1 rs628031 AA carriers also had higher odds for orthostatic hypotension (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.07-3.51; p = 0.028 and OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.11-5.95; p = 0.028, respectively). Carriers of the SLC22A1 rs628031 AA genotype had higher odds for peripheral edema and impulse control disorders (OR = 4.00; 95% CI = 1.62-9.88; p = 0.003 and OR = 3.16; 95% CI = 1.03-9.72; p = 0.045, respectively). Finally, heterozygotes for SLC22A1 rs628031 and carriers of at least one SLC22A1 rs628031 A allele had lower odds for dyskinesia (OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.24-0.98, p = 0.043 and OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.25-0.92; p = 0.027, respectively). Gene-gene interactions, more specifically DDC-COMT, SLC18A2-SV2C, and SLC18A2-SLC6A3, also significantly influenced the occurrence of some adverse events. Additionally, haplotypes of COMT and SLC6A3 were associated with the occurrence of visual hallucinations (AT vs. GC: OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16-0.72; p = 0.005) and orthostatic hypotension (ATG vs. ACG: OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.01-6.07; p = 0.047), respectively. Pathway based approach allowed us to identify new potential candidates for predictive biomarkers of adverse events of dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease, which could contribute to treatment personalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Flisar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Kojović
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Dejan Georgiev
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zvezdan Pirtošek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kalinderi K, Papaliagkas V, Fidani L. Pharmacogenetics and levodopa induced motor complications. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:384-392. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1538993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liana Fidani
- Department of General Biology, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dos Santos EUD, Sampaio TF, Tenório Dos Santos AD, Bezerra Leite FC, da Silva RC, Crovella S, Asano AGC, Asano NMJ, de Souza PRE. The influence of SLC6A3 and DRD2 polymorphisms on levodopa-therapy in patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:206-212. [PMID: 30353564 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between DRD2/ANKK1 (rs1800497) and SLC6A3/DAT1 (rs28363170) gene polymorphisms with the response to levodopa (L-DOPA)-therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS One hundred and ninety-five patients with idiopathic PD were investigated. Patients were genotyped for rs1800497 and rs28363170 polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association of polymorphisms with the occurrence of the chronic complications of L-DOPA therapy. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed association between the occurrence of dyskinesia with an increased greater disease severity (P = 0.007), higher L-DOPA dose (P = 0.007) and use of dopamine agonist (P = 0.020). Moreover, there were significant protective effects for age (P = 0.004) and male subjects (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Clinical and demographic characteristics of Brazilian PD patients and differences in DRD2 and DAT1 genes may to determine individual variations in the therapeutic response to L-DOPA in the Brazilian PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago F Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program of Applied Biology for Health, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ronaldo C da Silva
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory - LIKA, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory - LIKA, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amdore Guescel C Asano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pro-Parkinson Program of Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco Recife (HC/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nadja Maria Jorge Asano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pro-Parkinson Program of Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco Recife (HC/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto E de Souza
- Postgraduate Program of Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program of Applied Biology for Health, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chu CS, Chu CL, Liang CK, Lu T, Lin YT, Chou MY, Chow PCK. Association Between Polymorphisms in Dopamine-Related Genes and Orthopedic Pain Expression in a Chinese Elderly Population. Pain Pract 2018; 19:211-221. [PMID: 30317684 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dopaminergic pathway plays a vital role in pain expression. Here, our aim was to investigate the effects of polymorphisms in genes encoding the dopamine active transporter (SLC6A3) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) on preoperative pain expression among patients preparing for orthopedic surgery. METHODS Chinese elderly patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery were enrolled. The VAS was used to evaluate pain intensity (score range 0 to 10; 0 = no pain; 10 = worst pain possible). Depressive symptoms were evaluated via the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. DNA was isolated from venous blood samples, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of SLC6A3 and DRD2 were genotyped. Multiple linear regressions analyses were carried out to adjust the results for confounders. RESULTS A total of 294 patients with a mean age of 73.82 ± 8.03 years were enrolled in this study. After adjustment for confounders, rs393795 in SLC6A3 showed a significant association with preoperative VAS scores. Patients with the A/A genotype reported lower mean pain scores than did those with the A/C genotype (P = 0.026). Subsequent depression-stratified analysis of rs6276 in DRD2 revealed that patients with the A/A genotype had higher pain scores than did those with the G/G genotype (P = 0.043). No associations were found for DRD2 rs6277 in the whole study population or depression-stratified groups. CONCLUSION Genetic variations in SLC6A3 and DRD2 may play an important role in pain expression among the elderly prior to orthopedic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Lin
- Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yueh Chou
- Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Purcaro C, Vanacore N, Moret F, Di Battista ME, Rubino A, Pierandrei S, Lucarelli M, Meco G, Fattapposta F, Pascale E. DAT gene polymorphisms (rs28363170, rs393795) and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:83-88. [PMID: 30316985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
L-dopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) is a common motor side effect of levodopa therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). The identified predictors may only partially account for the risk of developing LID and genetic factors may contribute to this variability. The present study is aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT) are associated with the risk of developing LID. Genotyping of the 40-bp VNTR (rs28363170) and rs393795 (A/C) polymorphisms of the DAT gene was performed in a well-characterized cohort of 181 Italian PD patients in treatment with L-DOPA for 3 years or more. The results of our study show that there is no difference in dyskinesias prevalence among carriers of the two DAT gene polymorphisms. However, the combination of the two genotypes 10R/10R (rs28363170) and A carrier (rs393795) of the DAT gene reduces the risk of LID occurrence during long-term therapy with l-DOPA with respect to the PD subjects who did not carry these alleles (OR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.09-0.88). Also based on a logistic regression analysis, the 10R/10R and the A carrier allele of the rs393795 polymorphisms of the DAT gene, could reduce the susceptibility to develop LID during levodopa therapy adjusted by demographical and clinical variables (OR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05-0.69). Additional studies further investigating the rs28363170 and rs393795 polymorphisms with LID in PD are needed to clarify their role in different ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Purcaro
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moret
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Rubino
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pierandrei
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meco
- Research Centre of Social Diseases (CIMS), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fischer DL, Auinger P, Goudreau JL, Paumier KL, Cole-Strauss A, Kemp CJ, Lipton JW, Sortwell CE. Bdnf variant is associated with milder motor symptom severity in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 53:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
34
|
MTOR Pathway-Based Discovery of Genetic Susceptibility to L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2092-2100. [PMID: 29992529 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA administration (LID) is one of the most invalidating adverse effects of the gold standard treatment restoring dopamine transmission in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, LID manifestation in parkinsonian patients is variable and heterogeneous. Here, we performed a candidate genetic pathway analysis of the mTOR signaling cascade to elucidate a potential genetic contribution to LID susceptibility, since mTOR inhibition ameliorates LID in PD animal models. We screened 64 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to 57 genes of the mTOR pathway in a retrospective cohort of 401 PD cases treated with L-DOPA (70 PD with moderate/severe LID and 331 with no/mild LID). We performed classic allelic, genotypic, and epistatic analyses to evaluate the association of individual or combinations of SNPs with LID onset and with LID severity after initiation of L-DOPA treatment. As for the time to LID onset, we found significant associations with SNP rs1043098 in the EIF4EBP2 gene and also with an epistatic interaction involving EIF4EBP2 rs1043098, RICTOR rs2043112, and PRKCA rs4790904. For LID severity, we found significant association with HRAS rs12628 and PRKN rs1801582 and also with a four-loci epistatic combination involving RPS6KB1 rs1292034, HRAS rs12628, RPS6KA2 rs6456121, and FCHSD1 rs456998. These findings indicate that the mTOR pathway contributes genetically to LID susceptibility. Our study could help to identify the most susceptible PD patients to L-DOPA in order to prevent the appearance of early and/or severe LID in a future. This information could also be used to stratify PD patients in clinical trials in a more accurate way.
Collapse
|
35
|
Dyskinesias and levodopa therapy: why wait? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1119-1130. [PMID: 29428995 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the years there has been a longstanding discussion on whether levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease should be started in early vs. later stages, in order to prevent or delay motor complications such as fluctuations and dyskinesias. This controversial topic has been extensively debated for decades, and the prevailing view today is that levodopa should not be postponed. However, there is still fear associated with its use in early stages, especially in younger patients, who are more prone to develop dyskinesias. Even though dyskinesias are linked to levodopa use in Parkinson's disease, it has been shown that starting with a different medication (such as dopamine agonists) will not significantly delay their onset once levodopa is introduced. Since levodopa provides better symptomatic control, and other drugs may be associated with notable side effects, it is our view that there is insufficient evidence to justify levodopa-sparing strategies. The physician should try to assess each patient individually, taking into account motor and non-motor demands, as well as risk factors for potential complications, finding the optimum treatment strategy for each one. The following article provides an historical narrative perspective, as well as a literature review of those intrinsic and modifiable risk factors that have been associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesias, which should be taken into consideration when choosing the therapeutic strategy in individual Parkinson's disease patients.
Collapse
|
36
|
Politi C, Ciccacci C, Novelli G, Borgiani P. Genetics and Treatment Response in Parkinson's Disease: An Update on Pharmacogenetic Studies. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:1-17. [PMID: 29305687 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine neurons of the central nervous system. The disease determines a significant disability due to a combination of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor and non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, hallucinations, psychosis and compulsive behaviors. The current therapies consist in combination of drugs acting to control only the symptoms of the illness by the replacement of the dopamine lost. Although patients generally receive benefits from this symptomatic pharmacological management, they also show great variability in drug response in terms of both efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacogenetic studies highlighted that genetic factors play a relevant influence in this drug response variability. In this review, we tried to give an overview of the recent progresses in the pharmacogenetics of PD, reporting the major genetic factors identified as involved in the response to drugs and highlighting the potential use of some of these genomic variants in the clinical practice. Many genes have been investigated and several associations have been reported especially with adverse drug reactions. However, only polymorphisms in few genes, including DRD2, COMT and SLC6A3, have been confirmed as associated in different populations and in large cohorts. The identification of genomic biomarkers involved in drug response variability represents an important step in PD treatment, opening the prospective of more personalized therapies in order to identify, for each person, the better therapy in terms of efficacy and toxicity and to improve the PD patients' quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Politi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Redenšek S, Dolžan V, Kunej T. From Genomics to Omics Landscapes of Parkinson's Disease: Revealing the Molecular Mechanisms. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 22:1-16. [PMID: 29356624 PMCID: PMC5784788 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have already been investigated in various different omics landscapes. We reviewed the literature about different omics approaches between November 2005 and November 2017 to depict the main pathological pathways for PD development. In total, 107 articles exploring different layers of omics data associated with PD were retrieved. The studies were grouped into 13 omics layers: genomics-DNA level, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, ncRNomics, interactomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, phenomics, environmental omics, pharmacogenomics, and integromics. We discussed characteristics of studies from different landscapes, such as main findings, number of participants, sample type, methodology, and outcome. We also performed curation and preliminary synthesis of multiple omics data, and identified overlapping results, which could lead toward selection of biomarkers for further validation of PD risk loci. Biomarkers could support the development of targeted prognostic/diagnostic panels as a tool for early diagnosis and prediction of progression rate and prognosis. This review presents an example of a comprehensive approach to revealing the underlying processes and risk factors of a complex disease. It urges scientists to structure the already known data and integrate it into a meaningful context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kusters CDJ, Paul KC, Guella I, Bronstein JM, Sinsheimer JS, Farrer MJ, Ritz BR. Dopamine receptors and BDNF-haplotypes predict dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 47:39-44. [PMID: 29191473 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dyskinesia is a known side-effect of the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). We examined the influence of haplotypes in three dopamine receptors (DRD1, DRD2 and DRD3) and the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on dyskinesia. METHODS Patient data were drawn from a population-based case-control study. We included 418 patients with confirmed diagnoses by movement disorder specialists, using levodopa and a minimum three years disease duration at the time of assessment. Applying Haploview and Phase, we created haploblocks for DRD1-3 and BDNF. Risk scores for DRD2 and DRD3 were generated. We calculated risk ratios using Poisson regression with robust error variance. RESULTS There was no difference in dyskinesia prevalence among carriers of various haplotypes in DRD1. However, one haplotype in each DRD2 haploblocks was associated with a 29 to 50% increase in dyskinesia risk. For each unit increase in risk score, we observed a 16% increase in dyskinesia risk for DRD2 (95%CI: 1.05-1.29) and a 17% (95%CI: 0.99-1.40) increase for DRD3. The BDNF haploblock was not associated, but the minor allele of the rs6265 SNP was associated with dyskinesia (adjusted RR 1.31 (95%CI: 1.01-1.70)). CONCLUSION Carriers of DRD2 risk haplotypes and possibly the BDNF variants rs6265 and DRD3 haplotypes, were at increased risk of dyskinesia, suggesting that these genes may be involved in dyskinesia related pathomechanisms. PD patients with these genetic variants might be prime candidates for treatments aiming to prevent or delay the onset of dyskinesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D J Kusters
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics and Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matt J Farrer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beate R Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Guin D, Mishra MK, Talwar P, Rawat C, Kushwaha SS, Kukreti S, Kukreti R. A systematic review and integrative approach to decode the common molecular link between levodopa response and Parkinson's disease. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:56. [PMID: 28927418 PMCID: PMC5606117 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder commonly treated by levodopa. The findings from genetic studies on adverse effects (ADRs) and levodopa efficacy are mostly inconclusive. Here, we aim to identify predictive genetic biomarkers for levodopa response (LR) and determine common molecular link with disease susceptibility. A systematic review for LR was conducted for ADR, and drug efficacy, independently. All included articles were assessed for methodological quality on 14 parameters. GWAS of PD were also reviewed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis using STRING and functional enrichment using WebGestalt was performed to explore the common link between LR and PD. Results From 37 candidate studies on levodopa toxicity, 18 genes were found associated, of which, CAn STR 13, 14 (DRD2) was most significantly associated with dyskinesia, followed by rs1801133 (MTHFR) with hyper-homocysteinemia, and rs474559 (HOMER1) with hallucination. Similarly, 8 studies on efficacy resulted in 4 genes in which rs28363170, rs3836790 (SLC6A3) and rs4680 (COMT), were significant. To establish the molecular connection between LR with PD, we identified 35 genes significantly associated with PD. With 19 proteins associated with LR and 35 with PD, two independent PPI networks were constructed. Among the 67 nodes (263 edges) in LR, and 62 nodes (190 edges) in PD pathophysiology, UBC, SNCA, FYN, SRC, CAMK2A, and SLC6A3 were identified as common potential candidates. Conclusion Our study revealed the genetically significant polymorphism concerning the ADRs and levodopa efficacy. The six common genes may be used as predictive markers for therapy optimization and as putative drug target candidates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-017-0291-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, New Delhi, -110007, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, New Delhi, -110007, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nucleic Acids Research Lab, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Talwar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, New Delhi, -110007, India
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, New Delhi, -110007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman S Kushwaha
- Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Department of Chemistry, Nucleic Acids Research Lab, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, New Delhi, -110007, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Freitas ME, Hess CW, Fox SH. Motor Complications of Dopaminergic Medications in Parkinson's Disease. Semin Neurol 2017; 37:147-157. [PMID: 28511255 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Motor complications are a consequence of the chronic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and include motor fluctuations (wearing-off phenomenon) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Both can have a significant impact on functionality and quality of life; thus, proper recognition and management is essential. The phenomenology and temporal relationship of motor complications to the schedule of levodopa dosing can be helpful in characterizing them. There are several therapeutic approaches to motor complications, including pharmacological and surgical options. The authors summarize the different types of motor complications according to phenomenology and the currently available medical treatments, including ongoing trials for the management of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eliza Freitas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher W Hess
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Susan H Fox
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Impulse control disorders and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: an update. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:238-250. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
42
|
Polymorphisms of Dopamine Receptor Genes and Risk of L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020242. [PMID: 28125015 PMCID: PMC5343779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
L-dopa–induced dyskinesia (LID) is a frequent motor complication of Parkinson’s disease (PD), associated with a negative prognosis. Previous studies showed an association between dopamine receptor (DR) gene (DR) variants and LID, the results of which have not been confirmed. The present study is aimed to determine whether genetic differences of DR are associated with LID in a small but well-characterized cohort of PD patients. To this end we enrolled 100 PD subjects, 50 with and 50 without LID, matched for age, gender, disease duration and dopaminergic medication in a case-control study. We conducted polymerase chain reaction for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in both D1-like (DRD1A48G; DRD1C62T and DRD5T798C) and D2-like DR (DRD2G2137A, DRD2C957T, DRD3G25A, DRD3G712C, DRD4C616G and DRD4nR VNTR 48bp) analyzed genomic DNA. Our results showed that PD patients carrying allele A at DRD3G3127A had an increased risk of LID (OR 4.9; 95% CI 1.7–13.9; p = 0.004). The present findings may provide valuable information for personalizing pharmacological therapy in PD patients.
Collapse
|
43
|
Corvol JC, Poewe W. Pharmacogenetics of Parkinson's Disease in Clinical Practice. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 4:173-180. [PMID: 30363349 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacogenetics aims to identify the genetic factors participating in the heterogeneity of drug response. The ultimate goal is to provide personalized treatment by identifying responders and non-responders, individuals at risk of developing drug adverse effects, and by adjusting dosage. Several studies have been performed in Parkinson's disease (PD), to investigate drug response variability according to genetic factors for dopamine replacement therapies. Methods We performed a systematic literature search of articles related to pharmacogenetic studies in PD, and found 47 studies. Findings Motor response and adverse reactions to dopaminergic drugs were associated with genes encoding enzymes of their metabolism as well as their receptors or targets. Despite some interesting results, considerable work remains to be done to replicate and validate their clinical relevance before translation into clinical practice. Conclusions There are currently no guidelines published for pharmacogenetic factors related to PD drugs. More research is need in this field in order to improve our knowledge in drug response variability in PD. Algorithms taking into account clinical, pharmacological, and genetic factors are probably the most promising way to help for a personalized medicine in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S1127 ICM Paris France.,INSERM UMR_S1127 and CIC-1422 ICM Paris France.,CNRS UMR_7225 ICM Paris France.,Département des maladies du système nerveux AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Transcriptome Profile Changes in Mice with MPTP-Induced Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6775-6784. [PMID: 27757834 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite progress in the study of the molecular, genetic, and pathogenic mechanisms of PD, it is unclear which processes trigger the development of the pathology associated with PD. Models of the presymptomatic and early symptomatic stages of PD induced by MPTP have been used to analyze changes in transcriptome profile in brain tissues, to identify specific patterns and mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD. The whole-transcriptome analysis in the brain tissues of the mice with MPTP-induced PD showed that striatum is involved in the pathogenesis in the earliest stages and the processes associated with vesicular transport may be altered. The expression profiles of the genes studied in the substantia nigra and peripheral blood confirm that lymphocytes from peripheral blood may reflect processes occurring in the brain. These data suggest that messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in peripheral blood may provide potential biomarkers of the neurodegeneration occurring in PD. The changes in expression at the mRNA and protein levels suggest that Snca may be involved in neurodegeneration and Drd2 may participate in the development of the compensatory mechanisms in the early stages of PD pathogenesis. Our data suggest that the brain cortex may be involved in the pathological processes in the early stages of PD, including the presymptomatic stage.
Collapse
|
45
|
Phillips JR, Eissa AM, Hewedi DH, Jahanshahi M, El-Gamal M, Keri S, Moustafa AA. Neural substrates and potential treatments for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:729-738. [PMID: 27362959 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily a motor disorder that involves the gradual loss of motor function. Symptoms are observed initially in the extremities, such as hands and arms, while advanced stages of the disease can effect blinking, swallowing, speaking, and breathing. PD is a neurodegenerative disease, with dopaminergic neuronal loss occurring in the substantia nigra pars compacta, thus disrupting basal ganglia functions. This leads to downstream effects on other neurotransmitter systems such as glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin. To date, one of the main treatments for PD is levodopa. While it is generally very effective, prolonged treatments lead to levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID encompasses a family of symptoms ranging from uncontrolled repetitive movements to sustained muscle contractions. In many cases, the symptoms of LID can cause more grief than PD itself. The purpose of this review is to discuss the possible clinical features, cognitive correlates, neural substrates, as well as potential psychopharmacological and surgical (including nondopaminergic and deep brain stimulation) treatments of LID.
Collapse
|
46
|
Masellis M, Collinson S, Freeman N, Tampakeras M, Levy J, Tchelet A, Eyal E, Berkovich E, Eliaz RE, Abler V, Grossman I, Fitzer-Attas C, Tiwari A, Hayden MR, Kennedy JL, Lang AE, Knight J. Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants and response to rasagiline in early Parkinson's disease: a pharmacogenetic study. Brain 2016; 139:2050-62. [PMID: 27190009 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of early Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic agents remains the mainstay of symptomatic therapy for this incurable neurodegenerative disorder. However, clinical responses to dopaminergic drugs vary substantially from person to person due to individual-, drug- and disease-related factors that may in part be genetically determined. Using clinical data and DNA samples ascertained through the largest placebo-controlled clinical trial of the monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, rasagiline (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00256204), we examined how polymorphisms in candidate genes associate with the clinical response to rasagiline in early Parkinson's disease. Variants in genes that express proteins involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rasagiline, and genes previously associated with the risk to develop Parkinson's disease were genotyped. The LifeTechnologies OpenArray NT genotyping platform and polymerase chain reaction-based methods were used to analyse 204 single nucleotide polymorphisms and five variable number tandem repeats from 30 candidate genes in 692 available DNA samples from this clinical trial. The peak symptomatic response to rasagiline, the rate of symptom progression, and their relation to genetic variation were examined controlling for placebo effects using general linear and mixed effects models, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2283265 and rs1076560, in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) were found to be significantly associated with a favourable peak response to rasagiline at 12 weeks in early Parkinson's disease after controlling for multiple testing. From a linear regression, the betas were 2.5 and 2.38, respectively, with false discovery rate-corrected P-values of 0.032. These polymorphisms were in high linkage disequilibrium with each other (r(2) = 0.96) meaning that the same clinical response signal was identified by each of them. No polymorphisms were associated with slowing the rate of worsening in Parkinson symptoms from Weeks 12 to 36 after correction for multiple testing. This is the largest and most comprehensive pharmacogenetics study to date examining clinical response to an anti-parkinsonian drug and the first to be conducted in patients with early stage Parkinson's disease receiving monotherapy. The results indicate a clinically meaningful benefit to rasagiline in terms of the magnitude of improvement in parkinsonian symptoms for those with the favourable response genotypes. Future work is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which these DRD2 variants operate in modulating the function of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.media-1vid110.1093/brain/aww109_video_abstractaww109_video_abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Masellis
- 1 Cognitive and Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada 2 Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada 3 Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 4 Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 5 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shannon Collinson
- 4 Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- 4 Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Tampakeras
- 4 Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Eli Eyal
- 6 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arun Tiwari
- 4 Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - James L Kennedy
- 4 Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 5 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 7 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 8 Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- 3 Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 9 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada 10 The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jo Knight
- 4 Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 5 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 7 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 8 Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 11 Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 12 Lancaster Medical School and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim HJ, Jeon B. How close are we to individualized medicine for Parkinson's disease? Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:815-30. [PMID: 27105072 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1182021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a considerable inter-individual heterogeneity in clinical features, disease course, and treatment response in Parkinson's disease (PD), which can be explained not only by disease process and clinical variables, but also by an impact from genetic factors. Evidence-based medicine relies on large randomized control trials and meta-analysis-average medicine, which ignores individual differences. However, we are now in the early phases of a paradigm shift in medicine relating to individuality and variability. The purpose of individualized medicine is to predict patients' responses to targeted therapy using diagnostic tests based on genetics or other molecular mechanisms, thus providing the right drug at the right dose at the right time. AREAS COVERED In this article, we outline current state of individualized medicine for PD. Expert Commentary: Pharmacogenomics, an important element of individualized medicine, is just beginning to be considered in PD. To advance the clinical use of pharmacogenomics, big data cohort for genomic research and multidisciplinary team approaches are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- a Department of Neurology , Konkuk University Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.,b Parkinson Disease Study Group , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- a Department of Neurology , Konkuk University Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.,c Department of Neurology and Movement Disorder Center, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Advances in understanding genomic markers and pharmacogenetics of Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:433-48. [PMID: 26910127 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1158250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inheritance pattern of Parkinson's disease (PD) is likely multifactorial (owing to the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors). Many pharmacogenetic studies have tried to establish a possible role of candidate genes in PD risk. Several studies have focused on the influence of genes in the response to antiparkinsonian drugs and in the risk of developing side-effects of these drugs. AREAS COVERED This review presents an overview of current knowledge, with particular emphasis on the most recent advances, both in case-control association studies on the role of candidate genes in the risk for PD as well as pharmacogenetic studies on the role of genes in the development of side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. The most reliable results should be derived from meta-analyses of case-control association studies on candidate genes involving large series of PD patients and controls, and from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). EXPERT OPINION Prospective studies of large samples involving several genes with a detailed history of exposure to environmental factors in the same cohort of subjects, should be useful to clarify the role of genes in the risk for PD. The results of studies on the role of genes in the development of side-effects of antiparkinsonian drugs should, at this stage, only be considered preliminary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José A G Agúndez
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kurzawski M, Białecka M, Droździk M. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 5:27-35. [PMID: 25711452 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a lot of progress has been made in the identification of genetic biomarkers of drug response. Efforts to define the role of genetic polymorphisms in optimizing pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease were also undertaken. This report presents the current state of knowledge on pharmacogenetics of PD, including genes encoding enzymes involved in drug metabolism, drug transporters and direct targets of antiparkinsonian drugs. In most of cases, available data on pharmacogenetic factors that could turn out to be significant modifiers of therapy with anti-PD drugs is still very incomplete and makes it impossible to reach final conclusion about their usefulness in the clinic. More extensive studies, in more uniform, large patient groups, including genome-wide association studies, should be undertaken to finally confirm or deny the value of genetic tests in PD therapy individualization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|