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Nucleolin; A tumor associated antigen as a potential lung cancer biomarker. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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HOXC6 Regulates the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway and Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8016102. [PMID: 35571491 PMCID: PMC9098331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8016102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The HOX gene family of transcription factors, characterized by conserved homeodomains, is positively correlated with the resistance to chemotherapy drugs and poor prognosis, as well as the initiating potential of gliomas. However, there are few studies regarding the HOXC6 gene in glioma cells. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the regulatory roles and detailed mechanisms underlying the relationship between HOXC6 and the progression of GBM. Methods The expression levels and prognostic value of HOXC6 in GBM were evaluated using the data obtained from the GCCA, GEPIA, and ONCOMINE databases. The relationship between GBM prognosis and levels of HOXC6 was identified using Kaplan-Meier curves. The protein levels of HOXC6 in GBM and adjacent normal tissues were identified via Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining methods. Lentiviruses containing full-length HOXC6 and HOXC6 specific siRNA sequences were used to overexpress and knock down, respectively, the expression of HOXC6 in U87 and U251 cells. The role of HOXC6 in the regulation of migration and proliferation of GBM cells was accessed using Transwell, wound healing, CCK-8, and colony formation assays. The activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was detected via Western blotting. Results Compared to normal tissues and control cells, GBM tissues and cell lines showed higher expressions of HOXC6. The expression of HOXC6 was associated with disease-free and the overall survival of GBM patients. Additionally, positive correlations between the expression of HOXC6 and the migration and proliferation of GBM cells were observed in vitro. The mechanistic analyses indicated that HOXC6 exerts its promotive effect on the progression and invasion of glioma cells by promoting the activation of the EMT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Conclusions HOXC6 enhances the migration and proliferation of GBM by activating the EMT signaling pathway.
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Mei X, Chen Y, Gan D, Chen Y, Wang L, Cao Y, Wu Z, Liu W, Zhao C, Lin M, Yang T, Hu J. Effect of nucleolin on adriamycin resistance via the regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22666-22674. [PMID: 31127617 PMCID: PMC6771757 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL, C23) is an important nucleocytoplasmic multifunctional protein. Due to its multifaceted profile and high expression in cancer, NCL is considered to be a marker of drug resistance associated with chemotherapy. However, the biochemical mechanisms in which NCL suppresses drug sensitivity in several cancers have yet to be fully elucidated. This study aims to explore the effect of NCL on drug sensitivity and its potential mechanism in CA46 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells. CA46 BL cells were transfected with lentiviruses carrying the NCL gene (CA46-NCL-overexpression, CA46-NCL-OE), or shRNA sequences that target the endogenous NCL gene (CA46-NCL-knockdown, CA46-NCL-KD). Adriamycin (ADM) IC50 levels for CA46-NCL-overexpressed (OE), CA46-NCL-OE control (OEC), CA46-NCL-knockdown (KD), and CA46-NCL-KD control (KDC) cells were 0.68 ± 0.06 μg/ml, 0.68 ± 0.06 μg/ml, 0.68 ± 0.06 μg/ml, and 0.30 ± 0.04 μg/ml, respectively. Apoptosis rates were significantly increased following NCL KD, whereas the opposite effect was noted in OE cells. A significant reduction of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and protein levels in KD cells was observed, while OE cells displayed the opposite effect. The stability of Bcl-2 mRNA was influenced by NCL levels, the half-life of which was extended after NCL-OE, whereas it was reduced in KD cells. Finally, results of RNA-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that NCL could bind to Bcl-2 mRNA in CA46 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that NCL could mediate Bcl-2 expression and stability, and thus enhance ADM resistance in CA46 BL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiao Mei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Affiliated Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityZhangzhouFujianChina
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Donghui Gan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutianFujianChina
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yanqin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Weijuan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Chenxing Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Minhui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Ting Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
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Sadeghi Y, Tabatabaei Irani P, Rafiee L, Tajadini M, Amouheidari A, Javanmard SH. Evaluation of rs1982073 polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:40. [PMID: 31160907 PMCID: PMC6540769 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_850_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and invasive form of primary malignant brain tumors, with a survival rate of about 1 year. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a very important role in tissue homeostasis and cancers. It seems that polymorphism of T29C (L10P, rs1982073, or rs1800470), which has been studied in various cancers such as breast and colon, creates the significant differences plays an important role in GBM prognosis and treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effect of T29C (rs1982073) polymorphism of TGF-β1 gene in GBM. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 100 cases of GBM including 47 paraffin-embedded brain tissue samples and 53 blood samples from another 53 GBM patients, who was under therapy, and 150 were controls. The TGF-β rs1982073 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified by the NCBI and genotyping was performed by high-resolution melt (HRM) assay. Melt curves from HRM which suspected to SNP were selected and subjected to direct sequencing. Finally, the collected data were entered into the SPSS software (Version. 20) and mean ± standard deviation or n (%) was used to show the data. Results The mean age in GBM group was 51.63 ± 13.27 years. Accordingly, the two groups were matched in terms of age and gender (P > 0.05). The frequency of GG genotype was significantly higher in GBM patients. In contrast, although the frequency of AG genotype was higher in GBM group, it was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the presence of G allele was significantly more frequent than A allele in GBM patients. Conclusion Findings of the present study supports that the Pro10Leu, rs1982073, or rs1800470 SNP in TGF-β1 is found to be expressed significantly more in GBM patients as it was found in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sadeghi
- General Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pouya Tabatabaei Irani
- General Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamadhasan Tajadini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Amouheidari
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Isfahan Milad Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sadeghi Y, Tabatabaei Irani P, Rafiee L, Tajadini M, Haghjooy Javanmard S. Evaluation of rs1957106 Polymorphism of NF-κBI in Glioblastoma Multiforme in Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:9. [PMID: 30820430 PMCID: PMC6385670 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_227_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kB family of nuclear factor (NF-κB) is a series of transcription factors that plays a key role in regulation of immunity, cell growth, and apoptosis and is considered as the main downstream component of epidermal growth factor receptor for which there are evidence of excessive activity in most cases of glioblastoma multiform (GBM). Thus, the current information has gained evidence on NF-κBIA tumor suppressor role in GMB. SNP rs1957106 was diagnosed as a new polymorphism which affected the expression of NF-κBI and causes activation of NF-κB in GBM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 100 cases of GBM including 47 paraffin-embedded brain tissue samples and 53 blood samples from another 53 GBM patients and 150 controls. The NF-κBI rs1957106 SNP was identified by the NCBI, and genotyping was performed by high-resolution melt (HRM) assay. Melt curves from HRM which suspected to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were selected and subjected to direct sequencing. RESULTS The distribution of allele A of NF-κβ gene in patients with GBM with 31% was not significantly different from healthy participants (27.3%) (P = 0.375). Furthermore, the distribution of AG and GG genotypes in comparison with AA genotypes did not show a significant correlation with GBM incidence (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings of the present study provide evidence that the rs1957106 SNP in NF-κBIA is found more in GBM patients, but it was not statistically significant. As there are conflicting studies showing significant higher rate of this SNP in GBM, further study is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sadeghi
- From the Department of General Medicine, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pouya Tabatabaei Irani
- From the Department of General Medicine, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Department of Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamadhasan Tajadini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ko CY, Lin CH, Chuang JY, Chang WC, Hsu TI. MDM2 Degrades Deacetylated Nucleolin Through Ubiquitination to Promote Glioma Stem-Like Cell Enrichment for Chemotherapeutic Resistance. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:3211-3223. [PMID: 28478507 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most fatal of all brain cancers, and the standard care protocol for GBM patients is surgical tumor resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ)-mediated chemotherapy. However, tumor recurrence frequently occurs, and recurrent GBM exhibits more malignancy and less sensitivity in response to chemotherapy. The malignancy and drug resistance primarily reflect the small population of glioma stem-like cells (GSC). Therefore, understanding the mechanism that controls GSC enrichment is important to benefit the prognosis of GBM patients. Nucleolin (NCL), which is responsible for ribosome biogenesis and RNA maturation, is overexpressed in gliomas. However, the role of NCL in GSC development and drug resistance is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that NCL attenuated GSC enrichment to enhance the sensitivity of GBM cells in response to TMZ. In GSC enrichment, NCL was significantly reduced at the protein level as a result of decreased protein stability. In particular, the inhibition of HDAC activity by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid rescued NCL acetylation accompanied by the loss of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2)-mediated ubiquitination. In addition, we found that NCL ubiquitination resulted from the activation of STAT3- and JNK-mediated signaling in GSC. Moreover, NCL inhibited the formation of stem-like spheres by attenuating the expression of Sox2, Oct4, and Bmi1. Furthermore, NCL sensitized the response of GBM cells to TMZ. Based on these findings, NCL expression is a potential indicator to predict chemotherapeutic efficiency in GBM patients.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/pathology
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proteolysis/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Temozolomide/pharmacology
- Ubiquitination
- Vorinostat/pharmacology
- Nucleolin
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yuan Ko
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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MicroRNA-564 is downregulated in glioblastoma and inhibited proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells by targeting TGF-β1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56200-56208. [PMID: 27621042 PMCID: PMC5302907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that aberrant expression of miRNAs has been shown to be strongly implicated in the initiation and progression of glioblastoma. Here, we identified a novel tumor suppressive miRNA, miR-564, and investigated its role and therapeutic effect for glioblastoma. We showed that miR-564 was down-regulated in human glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. Introduction of miR-564 dramatically inhibited cell growth and invasion in glioblastoma cells. Subsequent experiments revealed that Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was a direct and functional target of miR-564 in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-564 decreased p-SMAD and SMAD4 expression, which are the downstream signaling molecules of TGF-β. Meanwhile, ectopic of miR-564 reduced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MMP9. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR-564 suppressed TGF-β-mediated U87 proliferation and migration. The expression of EGFR and MMP9 was upregulated in glioblastoma tissues compared to their normal tissues. The EGFR and MMP9 expression levels were inverse correlated with the expression of miR-564. miR-564 suppressed the growth of U87-engrafted tumors. These findings reveal that miR-564/TGF-β1 signaling that may be required for glioblastoma development and may consequently serve as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Bates PJ, Reyes-Reyes EM, Malik MT, Murphy EM, O'Toole MG, Trent JO. G-quadruplex oligonucleotide AS1411 as a cancer-targeting agent: Uses and mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1414-1428. [PMID: 28007579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AS1411 is a 26-mer G-rich DNA oligonucleotide that forms a variety of G-quadruplex structures. It was identified based on its cancer-selective antiproliferative activity and subsequently determined to be an aptamer to nucleolin, a multifunctional protein that preferentially binds quadruplex nucleic acids and which is present at high levels on the surface of cancer cells. AS1411 has exceptionally efficient cellular internalization compared to non-quadruplex DNA sequences. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent developments related to AS1411 will be examined, with a focus on its use for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Numerous research groups have used AS1411 as a targeting agent to deliver nanoparticles, oligonucleotides, and small molecules into cancer cells. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that AS1411-linked materials can accumulate selectively in tumors following systemic administration. The mechanism underlying the cancer-targeting ability of AS1411 is not completely understood, but recent studies suggest a model that involves: (1) initial uptake by macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis prevalent in cancer cells; (2) stimulation of macropinocytosis by a nucleolin-dependent mechanism resulting in further uptake; and (3) disruption of nucleolin-mediated trafficking and efflux leading to cargoes becoming trapped inside cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Human trials have indicated that AS1411 is safe and can induce durable remissions in a few patients, but new strategies are needed to maximize its clinical impact. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which AS1411 targets and kills cancer cells may hasten the development of promising technologies using AS1411-linked nanoparticles or conjugates for cancer-targeted therapy and imaging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad T Malik
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Emily M Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Martin G O'Toole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - John O Trent
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
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Abstract
Nucleolin, a multifunctional protein distributed in the nucleolus, participates in many modulations including rDNA transcription, RNA metabolism, and ribosome assembly. Nucleolin is also found in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane, and surface nucleolin can bind to various ligands to affect many physiological functions. The expression and localization of nucleolin is often abnormal in cancers, as the differential distribution of nucleolin in cancer can influence the carcinogenesis, proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells, leading to the cancer progression. Thus, nucleolin may be a novel and promising target for anti-cancer treatment. Here, we describe how nucleolin act functions in cancer development and describe nucleolin-dependent anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China. E-mail.
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Ouanouki A, Lamy S, Annabi B. Anthocyanidins inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition through a TGFβ/Smad2 signaling pathway in glioblastoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1088-1099. [PMID: 27649384 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have convincingly demonstrated that diets rich in fruits and vegetables play an important role in preventing cancer due to their polyphenol content. Among polyphenols, the anthocyanidins are known to possess anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-angiogenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Despite the well-known role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in high grade gliomas, the impact of anthocyanidins on TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that allows benign tumor cells to infiltrate surrounding tissues, remains poorly understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of anthocyanidins such as cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), malvidin (Mv), pelargonidin (Pg), and petunidin (Pt) on TGF-β-induced EMT and to determine the mechanism(s) underlying such action. Human U-87 glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells were treated with anthocyanidins prior to, along with or following the addition of TGF-β. We found that anthocyanidins differently affected TGF-β-induced EMT, depending on the treatment conditions. Dp was the most potent EMT inhibitor through its inhibitory effect on the TGF-β Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. These effects altered expression of the EMT mesenchymal markers fibronectin and Snail, as well as markedly reducing U-87 MG cell migration. Our study highlights a new action of anthocyanidins against EMT that supports their beneficial health and chemopreventive effects in dietary-based strategies against cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Ouanouki
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lamy
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Dai C, Lv S, Shi R, Ding J, Zhong X, Song H, Ma X, Fan J, Sun B, Wang R, Ma W. Nuclear Protein C23 on the Cell Surface Plays an Important Role in Activation of CXCR4 Signaling in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1521-1526. [PMID: 25367885 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) plays an important role in tumor progression and are associated with angiogenesis. Meanwhile, the implications of C23 in multiple signaling pathways have been also investigated. However, the effects of C23 on CXCR4 pathway in glioblastoma are not fully characterized. In the present study, C23 and CXCR4 of U87 cell line were inhibited by anti-C23 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies, respectively; and then C23 and CXCR4 siRNAs were used to knock down endogenous C23 and CXCR4, respectively. In addition, MTT assay was also introduced. Our data showed that either anti-C23 or anti-CXCR4 antibodies efficaciously repressed the phosphorylation levels of ERK (p < 0.000) and AKT (p < 0.000) compared with SDF-1 alone and control. As expected, either C23 or CXCR4 siRNAs indeed resulted in C23 and CXCR4 knockdown and further suppressed the expression of p-ERK and p-AKT. Most importantly, immunoprecipitation revealed C23 interacted with CXCR4 once U87 was exposed to SDF-1 treatment. In addition, MTT assay identified that C23 or CXCR4 siRNAs could obviously decreased cell proliferation capacity (p = 0.002). In conclusion, our results suggest that C23 plays a crucial role in activation of SDF-1-induced ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways via interacting with CXCR4. Furthermore, C23 could be recommended as an important element in glioblastoma development and a new target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shunzeng Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ranran Shi
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Paediatrics, Xiaolan People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huishu Song
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianzhen Fan
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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12
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Lv S, Dai C, Liu Y, Sun B, Shi R, Han M, Bian R, Wang R. Cell surface protein C23 affects EGF-EGFR induced activation of ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 55:519-24. [PMID: 25015231 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway has been reported as canonical causes in cancer development. Meanwhile, the involvement of C23 in multiple signaling pathways has been also investigated (Lv et al., 2014). However, the effect of C23 on EGF pathway in glioblastoma is not fully characterized. In the present study, C23 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of U251 cell line were inhibited by C23 and EGFR antibodies, respectively; and then C23 and EGFR siRNAs were used to knock down endogenous C23 and EGFR, respectively. In addition, soft-agar and MTT assay were also introduced. Compared with control, either C23 or EGFR antibodies efficiently repressed the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 (p<0.000) and AKT (p<0.000). Similarly, either C23 or EGFR siRNAs indeed resulted in C23 and EGFR knockdown, and further suppressed the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT. Most importantly, immunoprecipitation revealed C23 interacted with EGFR once U251 was exposed to EGF treatment. In addition, the MTT and soft-agar assay also identified that C23 or EGFR siRNAs could obviously affected cell growth (p=0.004) and invasiveness, as cell viability and colony formation decreased markedly. Our results suggest that C23 plays a crucial role in activation of EGF-induced ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways via interacting with EGFR; furthermore, C23 could be indicative of an important factor in glioblastoma development and a useful target for glioblastoma treatment.
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