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Zeng L, Zhu Y, Moreno CS, Wan Y. New insights into KLFs and SOXs in cancer pathogenesis, stemness, and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:29-44. [PMID: 36806560 PMCID: PMC10023514 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of cancer therapies, the success of most treatments has been impeded by drug resistance. The crucial role of tumor cell plasticity has emerged recently in cancer progression, cancer stemness and eventually drug resistance. Cell plasticity drives tumor cells to reversibly convert their cell identity, analogous to differentiation and dedifferentiation, to adapt to drug treatment. This phenotypical switch is driven by alteration of the transcriptome. Several pluripotent factors from the KLF and SOX families are closely associated with cancer pathogenesis and have been revealed to regulate tumor cell plasticity. In this review, we particularly summarize recent studies about KLF4, KLF5 and SOX factors in cancer development and evolution, focusing on their roles in cancer initiation, invasion, tumor hierarchy and heterogeneity, and lineage plasticity. In addition, we discuss the various regulation of these transcription factors and related cutting-edge drug development approaches that could be used to drug "undruggable" transcription factors, such as PROTAC and PPI targeting, for targeted cancer therapy. Advanced knowledge could pave the way for the development of novel drugs that target transcriptional regulation and could improve the outcome of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Hematology and oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Hematology and oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Hematology and oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
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2
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An T, Dong T, Zhou H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yang X. The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 promotes cell growth and metastasis via activating PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:159-168. [PMID: 30473218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is highly expressed in many cancers and serves as a prognostic factor. However, the function of KLF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. In this study, we found that KLF5 was significantly overexpressed in HCC cell lines and specimens, and high KLF5 expression predicted a poor prognosis for HCC patients. Then, we studied the effects of KLF5 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and vivo. The inhibition of KLF5 markedly inhibited HCC growth and metastasis, while KLF5 overexpression promoted these processes. In addition, we observed that KLF5 could promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC via the PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling pathway. The silencing of KLF5 in HCC cell lines downregulated the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail and increased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was also decreased in KLF5-silenced HCC cells. However, opposite results were observed in the KLF5-overexpressing group. These results indicate that KLF5 plays a significant role in HCC progression and metastasis and induces EMT via activating PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling, and the inhibition of KLF5 may be a potential treatment modality for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting An
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tianxiu Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haoxin Zhou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiuwei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zizhuo Li
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Maino B, Spampinato AG, Severini C, Petrella C, Ciotti MT, D'Agata V, Calissano P, Cavallaro S. The trophic effect of nerve growth factor in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons is associated to an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive transcriptional program. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7178-7187. [PMID: 29741791 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor, the prototype of a family of neurotrophins, elicits differentiation and survival of peripheral and central neuronal cells. Although its neural mechanisms have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about the transcriptional regulation governing its effects. We have previously observed that in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons treatment with nerve growth factor for 72 hr increases neurite outgrowth and cell survival. To obtain a comprehensive view of the underlying transcriptional program, we performed whole-genome expression analysis by microarray technology. We identified 541 differentially expressed genes and characterized dysregulated pathways related to innate immunity: the complement system and neuro-inflammatory signaling. The exploitation of such genes and pathways may help interfering with the intracellular mechanisms involved in neuronal survival and guide novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maino
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio G Spampinato
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, Roma, Italy.,European Brain Research Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Velia D'Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
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Lorente L, Martín MM, Pérez-Cejas A, Ramos L, Argueso M, Solé-Violán J, Cáceres JJ, Jiménez A, García-Marín V. Association between serum levels of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 and early mortality in patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:23. [PMID: 29661155 PMCID: PMC5902924 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptotic changes after cerebral hemorrhage in brain samples of humans have been found. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 could be detected in the bloodstream during apoptosis. Higher circulating CCCK-18 levels have been associated with 6-month mortality in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to determine whether there is an association between serum CCCK-18 levels and early mortality of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH) patients. We performed an observational, prospective and multicentre study. There were included patients with severe SIH defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9. We determined serum CCCK-18 levels at the severe SIH diagnosis moment. RESULTS We found that non-surviving SIH patients (n = 46) showed lower GCS, and higher serum CCCK-18 levels and APACHE-II score than survivor ones (n = 54). In ROC analysis was found that the area under the curve of serum CCCK-18 levels for 30-day mortality prediction was 90% (95% CI 82-95%; p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, we found an association between serum CCCK-18 levels and 30-day mortality (OR 1.034; 95% CI 1.013-1.055; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The novel finding of our study was that there is an association between high serum CCCK-18 levels and 30-day mortality in severe SIH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario s/n, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba s/n, Breña Alta, 38713, La Palma, Spain
| | - Mónica Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez no 17-19, 46004, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, CIBERES, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan J Cáceres
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victor García-Marín
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Ding W, Chen R, Wu C, Chen W, Zhang H, Fan X, Wang H, Ji Y, Xie L, Ning X, Shen L. Increased expression of HERPUD1 involves in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Res Bull 2016; 128:40-47. [PMID: 27871950 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein (HERPUD1) is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Immense amounts of research showed HERPUD1 plays multiple roles in various models. In this work, we explored the role of HERPUD1 during the pathophysiological processes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Rat ICH model was established and verified by behavioral test. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed a significant up-regulation of HERPUD1 expression around the hematoma after ICH. Besides, the expression of cytochrome c (cyt c) and active caspase-3 increased accompanied to HERPUD1 expression. Double-labeled immunofluorescence indicated HERPUD1 mainly colocalized with neurons. Further study showed HERPUD1 silence brought about up-regulation of apoptosis markers including cyt c and active caspase-3 coupled with increased cell apoptosis in vitro model. All these findings suggested that HERPUD1 might play a protective role in ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Ding
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongtian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingjuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuteng Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Ning
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xu R, Wang S, Li W, Liu Z, Tang J, Tang X. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ by a 12/15-lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid: a possible neuroprotective effect in the brain after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2016; 127:522-531. [PMID: 27739938 DOI: 10.3171/2016.7.jns1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors investigated the involvement of 15( S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) in the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its effects on hemorrhage-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in an experimental rodent model. METHODS To simulate ICH in a rat model, the authors injected autologous whole blood into the right striatum of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The distribution and expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Immunofluorescent double labeling was used to study the cellular localization of 12/15-LOX, and 15(S)-HETE was measured with a 15(S)-HETE enzyme immunoassay kit. Neurological deficits in the animals were assessed through behavioral testing, and apoptotic cell death was determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick-end labeling. RESULTS Rats with ICH had increased expression of 12/15-LOX predominantly in neurons and also in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Moreover, ICH elevated production of 15(S)-HETE in the brain area ipsilateral to the blood injection. The PPARγ agonist, exogenous 15(S)-HETE, significantly increased PPARγ protein levels and increased PPARγ-regulated gene (i.e., catalase) expression in the ICH rats. Reduced expression of the gene for the proinflammatory protein nuclear factor κB coincided with decreased neuron damage and improved functional recovery from ICH. A PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, reversed the effects of exogenous 15(S)-HETE on the PPARγ-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS The induction of 15(S)-HETE during simulated ICH suggests generation of endogenous signals of neuroprotection. The effects of exogenous 15(S)-HETE on brain hemorrhage-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress might be mediated via PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Xu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang; and
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang; and
| | - Weishan Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang; and
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang; and
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- The Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaobo Tang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang; and
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Farrugia MK, Vanderbilt DB, Salkeni MA, Ruppert JM. Kruppel-like Pluripotency Factors as Modulators of Cancer Cell Therapeutic Responses. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1677-82. [PMID: 26964625 PMCID: PMC4873413 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells inherit from their normal precursors an extensive stress response machinery that is critical for survival in response to challenges including oxidative stress, wounding, and shear stress. Kruppel-like transcription factors, including KLF4 and KLF5, are rarely affected by genetic alteration during tumorigenesis, but compose key components of the stress response machinery in normal and tumor cells and interact with critical survival pathways, including RAS, p53, survivin, and the BCL2 family of cell death regulators. Within tumor cells, KLF4 and KLF5 play key roles in tumor cell fate, regulating cell proliferation, cell survival, and the tumor-initiating properties of cancer stem-like cells. These factors can be preferentially expressed in embryonic stem cells or cancer stem-like cells. Indeed, specific KLFs represent key components of a cross-regulating pluripotency network in embryonic stem cells and induce pluripotency when coexpressed in adult cells with other Yamanaka factors. Suggesting analogies between this pluripotency network and the cancer cell adaptive reprogramming that occurs in response to targeted therapy, recent studies link KLF4 and KLF5 to adaptive prosurvival signaling responses induced by HER2-targeted therapy. We review literature supporting KLFs as shared mechanisms in stress adaptation and cellular reprogramming and address the therapeutic implications. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1677-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Farrugia
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Daniel B Vanderbilt
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mohamad A Salkeni
- The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Michael Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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Salihu AT, Muthuraju S, Idris Z, Izaini Ghani AR, Abdullah JM. Functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – a review of the potential role of antiapoptotic agents. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:317-27. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common form of stroke and is associated with greater mortality and morbidity compared with ischaemic stroke. The current ICH management strategies, which mainly target primary injury mechanisms, have not been shown to improve patient’s functional outcome. Consequently, multimodality treatment approaches that will focus on both primary and secondary pathophysiology have been suggested. During the last decade, a proliferation of experimental studies has demonstrated the role of apoptosis in secondary neuronal loss at the periphery of the clot after ICH. Subsequently, the value of certain antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome following ICH was evaluated in animal models. Preliminary evidence from those studies strongly supports the potential role of antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage. Expectedly, the ongoing and subsequent clinical trials will substantiate these findings and provide clear information on the most potent and safe antiapoptotic agents, their appropriate dosage, and temporal window of action, thereby making them suitable for the multimodality treatment approach.
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Li X, He Y, Xu Y, Huang X, Liu J, Xie M, Liu X. KLF5 mediates vascular remodeling via HIF-1α in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L299-310. [PMID: 26702149 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00189.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by active vasoconstriction and profound vascular remodeling. KLF5, a zinc-finger transcription factor, is involved in the excessive proliferation and apoptotic resistance phenotype associated with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. However, the molecular mechanisms of KLF5-mediated pathogenesis of HPH are largely undefined. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia (10% O2) for 4 wk. Hypoxic rats developed pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy with significantly increased right ventricular systolic pressure. The levels of KLF5 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were upregulated in distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle from hypoxic rats. The knockdown of KLF5 via short-hairpin RNA attenuated chronic hypoxia-induced hemodynamic and histological changes in rats. The silencing of either KLF5 or HIF-1α prevented hypoxia-induced (5%) proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. KLF5 was immunoprecipitated with HIF-1α under hypoxia and acted as an upstream regulator of HIF-1α. The cell cycle regulators cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 and apoptosis-related proteins including bax, bcl-2, survivin, caspase-3, and caspase-9, were involved in the regulation of KLF5/HIF-1α-mediated cell survival. This study demonstrated that KLF5 plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling in an HIF-1α-dependent manner and provided a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhou He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
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Yuan D, Shen J, Yan Y, Wu X, Li A, Guo A, Wu Y, Duan C, Shen J, Tang C, Zhang D, Ji Y. Upregulated expression of SSTR1 is involved in neuronal apoptosis and is coupled to the reduction of bcl-2 following intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:951-61. [PMID: 25035058 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatins are peptide hormones that regulate diverse cellular processes, such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibiting the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. SSTR1 is a member of the superfamily of somatostatin receptors possessing seven-transmembrane segments. Aberrant expression of SSTR1 has been implicated in several human diseases, including pseudotumor cerebri, and oncogenic osteomalacia. In this study, we investigated a potential role of SSTR1 in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis in the course of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A rat ICH model in the caudate putamen was established and subjected to behavioral tests. Western blot and immunohistochemistry indicated a remarkable up-regulation of SSTR1 expression surrounding the hematoma after ICH. Double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that SSTR1 was mostly co-localized with neurons, and was rarely distributed in activated astrocytes and microglia. Additionally, SSTR1 co-localized with active-caspase-3 and bcl-2 around the hematoma. The expression of active-caspase-3 was parallel with that of SSTR1 in a time-dependent manner. In addition, SSTR1 knockdown specifically resulted in reduced neuronal apoptosis in PC12 cells. All our findings suggested that up-regulated SSTR1 contributed to neuronal apoptosis after ICH, which was accompanied with reduced expression of bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damin Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
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