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Biskupiak Z, Ha VV, Rohaj A, Bulaj G. Digital Therapeutics for Improving Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biological Products: Preclinical and Clinical Studies Supporting Development of Drug + Digital Combination Therapies for Chronic Diseases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:403. [PMID: 38256537 PMCID: PMC10816409 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Limitations of pharmaceutical drugs and biologics for chronic diseases (e.g., medication non-adherence, adverse effects, toxicity, or inadequate efficacy) can be mitigated by mobile medical apps, known as digital therapeutics (DTx). Authorization of adjunct DTx by the US Food and Drug Administration and draft guidelines on "prescription drug use-related software" illustrate opportunities to create drug + digital combination therapies, ultimately leading towards drug-device combination products (DTx has a status of medical devices). Digital interventions (mobile, web-based, virtual reality, and video game applications) demonstrate clinically meaningful benefits for people living with Alzheimer's disease, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, chronic pain, epilepsy, depression, and anxiety. In the respective animal disease models, preclinical studies on environmental enrichment and other non-pharmacological modalities (physical activity, social interactions, learning, and music) as surrogates for DTx "active ingredients" also show improved outcomes. In this narrative review, we discuss how drug + digital combination therapies can impact translational research, drug discovery and development, generic drug repurposing, and gene therapies. Market-driven incentives to create drug-device combination products are illustrated by Humira® (adalimumab) facing a "patent-cliff" competition with cheaper and more effective biosimilars seamlessly integrated with DTx. In conclusion, pharma and biotech companies, patients, and healthcare professionals will benefit from accelerating integration of digital interventions with pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack Biskupiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Victor Vinh Ha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aarushi Rohaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- The Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Luo X, Xu M, Guo W. Adult neurogenesis research in China. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:534-545. [PMID: 37899611 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are multipotent stem cells that generate functional newborn neurons through a process called neurogenesis. Neurogenesis in the adult brain is tightly regulated and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of brain function. Disruption of adult neurogenesis impairs cognitive function and is correlated with numerous neurologic disorders. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis not only advances our understanding of how the brain functions, but also offers new insight into neurologic diseases and potentially contributes to the development of effective treatments. The field of adult neurogenesis is experiencing significant growth in China. Chinese researchers have demonstrated a multitude of factors governing adult neurogenesis and revealed the underlying mechanisms of and correlations between adult neurogenesis and neurologic disorders. Here, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the field of adult neurogenesis due to Chinese scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Post-Stroke Environmental Enrichment Improves Neurogenesis and Cognitive Function and Reduces the Generation of Aberrant Neurons in the Mouse Hippocampus. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040652. [PMID: 36831319 PMCID: PMC9954243 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic lesions stimulate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, however, this is not associated with better cognitive function. Furthermore, increased neurogenesis is associated with the formation of aberrant neurons. In a previous study, we showed that a running task after a stroke not only increases neurogenesis but also the number of aberrant neurons without improving general performance. Here, we determined whether stimulation in an enriched environment after a lesion could increase neurogenesis and cognitive function without enhancing the number of aberrant neurons. After an ischemic stroke induced by MCAO, animals were transferred to an enriched environment containing a running wheel, tunnels and nest materials. A GFP-retroviral vector was delivered on day 3 post-stroke and a modified water maze test was performed 6 weeks after the lesion. We found that the enriched environment significantly increased the number of new neurons compared with the unstimulated stroke group but not the number of aberrant cells after a lesion. Increased neurogenesis after environmental enrichment was associated with improved cognitive function. Our study showed that early placement in an enriched environment after a stroke lesion markedly increased neurogenesis and flexible learning but not the formation of aberrant neurons, indicating that rehabilitative training, as a combination of running wheel training and enriched environment housing, improved functional and structural outcomes after a stroke.
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Sarkisova K, van Luijtelaar G. The impact of early-life environment on absence epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:436-468. [PMID: 36386598 PMCID: PMC9649966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the long-term effects of early-life environment on epileptogenesis, epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities with an emphasis on the absence epilepsy. The WAG/Rij rat strain is a well-validated genetic model of absence epilepsy with mild depression-like (dysthymia) comorbidity. Although pathologic phenotype in WAG/Rij rats is genetically determined, convincing evidence presented in this review suggests that the absence epilepsy and depression-like comorbidity in WAG/Rij rats may be governed by early-life events, such as prenatal drug exposure, early-life stress, neonatal maternal separation, neonatal handling, maternal care, environmental enrichment, neonatal sensory impairments, neonatal tactile stimulation, and maternal diet. The data, as presented here, indicate that some early environmental events can promote and accelerate the development of absence seizures and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities, while others may exert anti-epileptogenic and disease-modifying effects. The early environment can lead to phenotypic alterations in offspring due to epigenetic modifications of gene expression, which may have maladaptive consequences or represent a therapeutic value. Targeting DNA methylation with a maternal methyl-enriched diet during the perinatal period appears to be a new preventive epigenetic anti-absence therapy. A number of caveats related to the maternal methyl-enriched diet and prospects for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str. 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Gilles van Luijtelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Yin SW, Meng YL, Li C, Wang Y. Enriched environment for offspring improves learning and memory impairments induced by sevoflurane exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1293-1298. [PMID: 34782574 PMCID: PMC8643064 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in animals indicate that sevoflurane exposure in the second trimester of pregnancy has harmful effects on the learning and memory of offspring. Whether an enriched environment can reverse the damage of sevoflurane exposure in the second trimester of pregnancy on the learning and memory of rat offspring remains unclear. In this study, rats at 14 days of pregnancy were exposed to 3.5% sevoflurane for 2 hours and their offspring were treated with an enriched environment for 20 successive days. We found that the enriched environment for offspring increased nestin and Ki67 levels in hippocampal tissue, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity, and increased the expression of cell proliferation-related β-catenin and apoptosis-related Bcl-2, indicating that an enriched environment reduces sevoflurane-induced damage by increasing the proliferation of stem cells in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that an enriched environment can reverse the effects of sevoflurane inhaled by rats during the second trimester of pregnancy on learning and memory of offspring. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (approval No. 2018PS07K) on January 2, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Mason B, Calhoun C, Woytowicz V, Pina L, Kanda R, Dunn C, Alves A, Donaldson ST. CXCR4 inhibition with AMD3100 attenuates amphetamine induced locomotor activity in adolescent Long Evans male rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247707. [PMID: 33647040 PMCID: PMC7920371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent psychostimulant abuse has been on the rise over the past decade. This trend has demonstrable ramifications on adolescent behavior and brain morphology, increasing risk for development of addiction during adolescence and in later adulthood. Neuroimmune substrates are implicated in the etiology of substance use disorders. To add to this body of work, the current study was developed to explore the role of a chemokine receptor, CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4), in the development of amphetamine (AMPH) sensitization. We targeted CXCR4 as it is implicated in developmental processes, dopaminergic transmission, neuroimmune responses, and the potentiation of psychostimulant abuse pathology. To evaluate the role of CXCR4 activity on the development of AMPH sensitization, a CXCR4 antagonist (Plerixafor; AMD3100) was administered to rats as a pretreatment variable. Specifically, adolescent Long Evans male rats (N = 37) were divided into four groups: (1) AMD3100 (IP, 4.0 mg/kg) + AMPH (IP, 4.0 mg/kg), (2) saline (SAL; 0.9% NaCl) + AMPH, (3) AMD3100 + SAL, and (4) SAL + SAL. Animals were first habituated to locomotor activity (LMA) chambers, then injected with a pretreatment drug (AMD3100 or SAL) followed by AMPH or SAL every other for four days. After a one-week withdrawal period, all animals were administered a low challenge dose of AMPH (IP, 1.0 mg/kg). AMPH-injected rats displayed significantly more locomotor activity compared to controls across all testing days. CXCR4 antagonism significantly attenuated AMPH-induced locomotor activity. On challenge day, AMD3100 pre-treated animals exhibited diminutive AMPH-induced locomotor activity compared to SAL pre-treated animals. Postmortem analyses of brain tissue revealed elevated CXCR4 protein levels in the striatum of all experimental groups. Our results implicate CXCR4 signaling in the development of AMPH sensitization and may represent an important therapeutic target for future research in psychostimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mason
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Corey Calhoun
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Victoria Woytowicz
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Latifa Pina
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roshninder Kanda
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Curtis Dunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonio Alves
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. Tiffany Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kashefi B, Mohammadi M, Rezaei F, Ghadami N, Jalili K, Jalili A. The Clinical Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Its Relationship with Serum Levels of MMP-9 and CXCL12 in Patients with Mania. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:909-914. [PMID: 32308394 PMCID: PMC7147616 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s234013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a non-pharmacological method for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The precise biochemical mechanism of the effects of ECT is not clear, and since the two factors including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (CXCL12) play an important role in improving nerve damage, the effects of ECT and its relation with serum levels of MMP-9 and CXCL12 in patients with mania were investigated in this study. METHODS In this before and after intervention study, the patients with mania, referring to the Qods Hospital in Sanandaj, were selected by the census method during the years 2015-2018. Young's test was performed 24 hrs before and after the first, third, and sixth sessions of ECT. For biochemical analysis, 3 mL of peripheral blood were taken prior to any anesthesia and 6 hrs after the first, third, and sixth sessions. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient by using the SPSS16 software. RESULTS The results showed a significant decrease in Young's test scores during the first to the sixth session of ECT (P≤0.05). Although the levels of CXCL12 were slightly increased after the sixth course of ECT, they were not significant. Moreover, there were no significant relationship between the Young's test score and the serum levels of both MMP-9 and CXCL12 (P≥0.05). CONCLUSION ECT improved patients clinically, but this effect was independent of serum levels of MMP-9 and CXCL12, and possibly other biochemical factors are involved in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Kashefi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Narges Ghadami
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Khashaiar Jalili
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Iqbal M, Xiao XL, Zafar S, Yang PB, Si KW, Han H, Liu JX, Liu Y. Forced Physical Training Increases Neuronal Proliferation and Maturation with Their Integration into Normal Circuits in Pilocarpine Induced Status Epilepticus Mice. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2590-2605. [PMID: 31560103 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased number of newly-born neurons produced at latent stage after status epilepticus (SE) contribute to aberrant rewiring of hippocampus and are hypothesized to promote epileptogenesis. Although physical training (PT) was reported to cause further increase in neurogenesis after SE, how PT affect their integration pattern is still elusive, whether they integrate into normal circuits or increase aberrant integrations is yet to be determined. To understand this basic mechanism by which PT effects SE and to elaborate the possible role of neuronal integrations in prognosis of SE, we evaluated the effect of 4 weeks of treadmill PT in adult male mice after pilocarpine-induced SE on behavioral and aberrant integrations' parameters. Changes in BDNF gene methylation and its protein level in hippocampus was also measured at latent stage (2-weeks) to explore underlying pathways involved in increasing neurogenesis. Our results demonstrated that although PT increased proliferation and maturation of neurons in dentate gyrus, they showed reduced aberrant integrations into hippocampal circuitry assessed through a decrease in the number of ectopic granular cells, hilar basal dendrites and mossy fiber sprouting as compared to non-exercised SE mice. While SE decreased the percentage methylation of specific CpGs of BDNF gene's promoter, PT did not yield any significant difference in methylation of BDNF CpGs as compared to non-exercised SE mice. In conclusion, PT increases hippocampal neurogenesis through increasing BDNF levels by some pathways other than demethylating BDNF CpGs and causes post SE newly-born neurons to integrate into normal circuits thus resulting in decreased spontaneous recurrent seizures and enhanced spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Iqbal
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin-Li Xiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Salman Zafar
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, 1 km Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Peng-Bo Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Wei Si
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Knockdown of the CXCL12/CXCR7 chemokine pathway results in learning deficits and neural progenitor maturation impairment in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:697-710. [PMID: 31100368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult brain, the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed in neural progenitor and glial cells. Conditional Cxcl12 or Cxcr4 gene knockout in mice leads to severe alterations in neural progenitor proliferation, migration and differentiation. As adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in learning and memory processes, we investigated the long-term effects of reduced expression of CXCL12 or CXCR7 in heterozygous Cxcl12+/- and Cxcr7+/- animals (KD mice) on hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation and memory processing. In Cxcl12 KD mice, Cxcr4 mRNA expression was reduced, whereas Cxcr7 was slightly increased. Conversely, in Cxcr7 KD mice, both Cxcr4 and Cxcl12 mRNA levels were decreased. Moreover, Cxcl12 KD animals showed marked behavioral and learning deficits that were associated with impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Conversely, Cxcr7 KD animals showed mild learning deficits with normal neurogenesis, but reduced cell differentiation, measured with doublecortin immunolabeling. These findings suggested that a single Cxcl12 or Cxcr7 allele might not be sufficient to maintain the hippocampal niche functionality throughout life, and that heterozygosity might represent a susceptibility factor for memory dysfunction progression.
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Tang Y, Li MY, Zhang X, Jin X, Liu J, Wei PH. Delayed exposure to environmental enrichment improves functional outcome after stroke. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:137-143. [PMID: 31255517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disabilities worldwide. Although exposure to an enriched environment (EE) initiated in the acute phase after stroke has neuroprotective effects and improves stroke outcome, it remains unclear whether EE has positive effects when started in a delayed time frame. Here we show that exposure to EE in the delayed phase notably ameliorates the ischemia-induced impairments in neurological functions and spatial learning and memory. In addition, delayed EE exposure after stroke significantly promotes the survival and neuronal fate choice of hippocampal newborn cells, increases synaptic density of hippocampal mature neurons, and enhances the migration of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived cells towards the ischemic striatum. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), synapse-associated proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may respectively mediate these roles of delayed EE. Our findings provide the suggestion that exposure to EE initiated in the delayed phase after stroke promotes plastic changes via affecting neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and neuronal migration, and thus improves stroke outcome. Because EE initiated earlier than 24 h is clinically feasible, our work could be introduced into clinical studies of stroke directly and may provide stroke survivors with a new strategy for their functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping-He Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kumar RS, Narayanan SN, Kumar N, Nayak S. Exposure to Enriched Environment Restores Altered Passive Avoidance Learning and Ameliorates Hippocampal Injury in Male Albino Wistar Rats Subjected to Chronic Restraint Stress. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2019; 8:231-236. [PMID: 30598910 PMCID: PMC6259305 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_379_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of exposure to enriched environment (EE) on passive avoidance learning and hippocampal cellular morphology in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Materials and Methods: Adult male albino Wistar rats were assigned into the following groups: normal control (NC) remained undisturbed in their home cages; stressed group (S) subjected to restrained stress (6 h/day) followed by housing in standard housing for 21 days; And stressed + EE (S + EE) subjected to restrained stress followed by housing in EE for 21 days. On 22nd day, six animals from each of the three groups were exposed to passive avoidance test. The remaining animals were sacrificed. Hippocampus was isolated and processed for cellular morphology using cresyl violet staining. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test (post hoc). Results: Stressed rats exposed to EE showed significant improvement in passive avoidance learning test compared to NC. Quantification of the surviving neurons in the hippocampal subfields and their cellular morphology revealed significant neuroprotection in S + EE in cornu ammonis-2 (CA2) neurons and CA3 hippocampal neurons. No significant changes were found in CA1 hippocampal subfield. Conclusions: The outcome of this study makes us to think the possibilities of adopting EE as an alternative strategy in brain diseases where there is chronic stress and to minimize the impairment in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan
- Department of Physiology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Satheesha Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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Bonfiglio T, Olivero G, Vergassola M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini A, Iannuzzi F, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Feligioni M, Ghelardini C, Pittaluga A. Environmental training is beneficial to clinical symptoms and cortical presynaptic defects in mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:75-86. [PMID: 29402503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of "prophylactic" environmental stimulation on clinical symptoms and presynaptic defects in mice suffering from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) at the acute stage of disease (21 ± 1 days post immunization, d.p.i.) was investigated. In EAE mice raised in an enriched environment (EE), the clinical score was reduced when compared to EAE mice raised in standard environment (SE).Concomitantly, gain of weight and increased spontaneous motor activity and curiosity were observed, suggesting increased well-being in mice. Impaired glutamate exocytosis and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in cortical terminals of SE-EAE mice were evident at 21 ± 1 d.p.i.. Differently, the 12 mM KCl-evoked glutamate exocytosis from cortical synaptosomes of EE-EAE mice was comparable to that observed in SE and EE-control mice, but significantly higher than that in SE-EAE mice. Similarly, the 12 mM KCl-evoked cAMP production in EE-EAE mice cortical synaptosomes recovered to the level observed in SE and EE-control mice. MUNC-18 and SNAP25 contents, but not Syntaxin-1a and Synaptotagmin 1 levels, were increased in cortical synaptosomes from EE-EAE mice when compared to SE-EAE mice. Circulating IL-1β was increased in the spinal cord, but not in the cortex, of SE-EAE mice, and it did not recover in EE-EAE mice. Inflammatory infiltrates were reduced in the cortex but not in the spinal cord of EE-EAE mice. Demyelination was observed in the spinal cord; EE significantly diminished it. We conclude that "prophylactic" EE is beneficial to synaptic derangements and preserves glutamate transmission in the cortex of EAE mice. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - A Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, DMSC, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - F Iannuzzi
- EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Summa
- D3. PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Bertorelli
- D3. PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Feligioni
- EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - A Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Zhang X, Qu H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Xiao T, Zhao C, Teng W. Aberrant plasticity in the hippocampus after neonatal seizures. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:384-391. [PMID: 28937832 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1384380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Huiling Qu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Weiyu Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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14
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A Prospective Evaluation of Systemic Biomarkers and Cognitive Function Associated with Carotid Revascularization. Ann Surg 2017; 264:659-65. [PMID: 27433899 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors affecting cognition and identify predictors of long-term cognitive impairment following carotid revascularization procedures. BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in older patients with carotid occlusive diseases. METHODS Patients undergoing carotid intervention for severe occlusive diseases were prospectively recruited. Patients received neurocognitive testing before, 1, and 6 months after carotid interventions. Plasma samples were also collected within 24 hours after carotid intervention and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors associated with significant cognitive deterioration (>10% decline). RESULTS A total of 98 patients (48% symptomatic) were recruited, including 55 patients receiving carotid stenting and 43 receiving endarterectomy. Mean age was 69 (range 54-91 years). Patients had overall improvement in cognitive measures 1 month after revascularization. When compared with carotid stenting, endarterectomy patients demonstrated postoperative improvement in cognition at 1 and 6 months compared with baseline. Carotid stenting (odds ratio 6.49, P = 0.020) and age greater than 80 years (odds ratio 12.6, P = 0.023) were associated with a significant long-term cognitive impairment. Multiple inflammatory cytokines also showed significant changes after revascularization. On multivariate analysis, after controlling for procedure and age, IL-12p40 (P = 0.041) was associated with a higher risk of significant cognitive impairment at 1 month; SDF1-α (P = 0.004) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (P = 0.006) were independent predictors of cognitive impairment, whereas interleukin-6 (P = 0.019) demonstrated cognitive protective effects at 6 months after revascularization. CONCLUSIONS Carotid interventions affect cognitive function. Systemic biomarkers can be used to identify patients at risk of significant cognitive decline postprocedures that benefit from targeted cognitive training.
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Zhou Z, Liu T, Sun X, Mu X, Zhu G, Xiao T, Zhao M, Zhao C. CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 reverses the neurogenesis promoted by enriched environment and suppresses long-term seizure activity in adult rats of temporal lobe epilepsy. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhang X, Chen XP, Lin JB, Xiong Y, Liao WJ, Wan Q. Effect of enriched environment on angiogenesis and neurological functions in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2016; 1655:176-185. [PMID: 27818208 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enriched environment (EE) on cerebral angiogenesis after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion was performed in rats to set up an animal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In a set of behavioral tests, we demonstrated that the animals in the IEE (ischemia + enriched environment) group exhibited significantly improved neurological functions compared to those in the standard housing condition group. In consistent with the functional tests, smaller infarction volumes were observed in the animals of IEE group. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and 3D quantitative analysis of cerebral microvessels revealed that EE treatment increased the total vessel surface area and number of branch point in the ischemic boundary zone. IgG extraction assay showed that the blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage in the ischemic brain was attenuated after EE treatment. EE treatment also enhanced endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and increased the expression levels of VEGF and its receptor Flk-1 after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Analyses of Spearman's correlation coefficients indicated a correlation of mNSS scores with enhanced cerebral angiogenesis. Together, the results suggest that EE treatment-induced cerebral angiogenesis may contribute to the improved neurological outcome of stroke animals after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun-Bin Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, Center for Brain Clinic, Zhongnan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Zhang XQ, Mu JW, Wang HB, Jolkkonen J, Liu TT, Xiao T, Zhao M, Zhang CD, Zhao CS. Increased protein expression levels of pCREB, BDNF and SDF-1/CXCR4 in the hippocampus may be associated with enhanced neurogenesis induced by environmental enrichment. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2231-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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