1
|
Mousavi MS, Meknatkhah S, Imani A, Geramifar P, Riazi G. Comparable assessment of adolescent repeated physical or psychological stress effects on adult cardiac performance in female rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16401. [PMID: 37775558 PMCID: PMC10541905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence highlights a robust connection between various forms of chronic stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In today's fast-paced world, with chronic stressors abound, CVD has emerged as a leading global cause of mortality. The intricate interplay of physical and psychological stressors triggers distinct neural networks within the brain, culminating in diverse health challenges. This study aims to discern the unique impacts of chronic physical and psychological stress on the cardiovascular system, unveiling their varying potencies in precipitating CVD. Twenty-one adolescent female rats were methodically assigned to three groups: (1) control (n = 7), (2) physical stress (n = 7), and (3) psychological stress (n = 7). Employing a two-compartment enclosure, stressors were administered to the experimental rats over five consecutive days, each session lasting 10 min. After a 1.5-month recovery period post-stress exposure, a trio of complementary techniques characterized by high specificity or high sensitivity were employed to meticulously evaluate CVD. Echocardiography and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were harnessed to scrutinize left ventricular architecture and myocardial viability, respectively. Subsequently, the rats were ethically sacrificed to facilitate heart removal, followed by immunohistochemistry staining targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rats subjected to psychological stress showed a wider range of significant cardiac issues compared to control rats. This included left ventricular hypertrophy [IVSd: 0.1968 ± 0.0163 vs. 0.1520 ± 0.0076, P < 0.05; LVPWd: 0.2877 ± 0.0333 vs. 0.1689 ± 0.0057, P < 0.01; LVPWs: 0.3180 ± 0.0382 vs. 0.2226 ± 0.0121, P < 0.05; LV-mass: 1.283 ± 0.0836 vs. 1.000 ± 0.0241, P < 0.01], myocardial ischemia [21.30% vs. 32.97%, P < 0.001], and neuroinflammation. This outcome underscores the imperative of prioritizing psychological well-being during adolescence, presenting a compelling avenue to curtail the prevalence of CVD in adulthood. Furthermore, extending such considerations to individuals grappling with CVD might prospectively enhance their overall quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monireh-Sadat Mousavi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Meknatkhah
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Imani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Geramifar
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim Fouad G, Ahmed KA. Remyelinating activities of Carvedilol or alpha lipoic acid in the Cuprizone-Induced rat model of demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110125. [PMID: 37028277 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology, MS is featured by multifocal demyelinated lesions distributed throughout the brain. It is assumed to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition. Therefore, different therapeutic approaches are aiming to stimulate remyelination which could be defined as an endogenous regeneration and repair of myelin in the central nervous system. Carvedilol is an adrenergic receptor antagonist. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known antioxidant. Herein, we investigated the remyelination potential of Carvedilol or ALA post-Cuprizone (CPZ) intoxication. Carvedilol or ALA (20 mg/kg/d) was administrated orally for two weeks at the end of the five weeks of CPZ (0.6%) administration. CPZ provoked demyelination, enhanced oxidative stress, and stimulated neuroinflammation. Histological investigation of CPZ-induced brains showed obvious demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC). Both Carvedilol and ALA demonstrated remyelinating activities, with corresponding upregulation of the expression of MBP and PLP, the major myelin proteins, downregulation of the expression of TNF-α and MMP-9, and decrement of serum IFN-γ levels. Moreover, both Carvedilol and ALA alleviated oxidative stress, and ameliorated muscle fatigue. This study highlights the neurotherapeutic potential of Carvedilol or ALA in CPZ-induced demyelination, and offers a better model for the exploring of neuroregenerative strategies. The current study is the first to demonstrate a pro-remyelinating activity for Carvedilol, as compared to ALA, which might represent a potential additive benefit in halting demyelination and alleviating neurotoxicity. However, we could declare that Carvedilol showed a lower neuroprotective potential than ALA.
Collapse
|
3
|
Meknatkhah S, Mousavi MS, Sharif Dashti P, Azizzadeh Pormehr L, Riazi GH. The brain 3β-HSD up-regulation in response to deteriorating effects of background emotional stress: an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1253-1258. [PMID: 33721183 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), is the enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of a neuroprotective factor, progesterone. The regulation of 3β-HSD in response to stress exposure in the cuprizone-induced model of Multiple Sclerosis was investigated and the reaction related to the demyelination extremity. 32 female Wistar rats divided into four groups (i.e., control group (Cont), non-stress cuprizone treated (N-CPZ), physical stress- cuprizone treated (P-CPZ) and emotional stress- cuprizone treated (E-CPZ). A witness foot-shock model used to induce background stress for 5 days. An elevated-plus maze applied to validate the stress induction. Followed by 6 weeks of cuprizone treatment, the Y-maze test performed to confirm brain demyelination. 3β-HSD gene expression as an indicator of progesterone synthesis examined. At the behavioral level, both stressed groups reflected more impaired spatial memory compared to the N-CPZ group (p < 0.01), with more severe results in the E-CPZ group (p < 0.01). The results of mRNA expression of 3β-HSD illustrated significant elevation in all cuprizone treated groups (p < 0.001) with a higher up-regulation (p < 0.001) in the E-CPZ group. Background stress -particularly emotional type- exacerbates the demyelination caused by cuprizone treatment. The brain up-regulates the 3β-HSD gene expression as a protective response relative to the myelin degradation extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Meknatkhah
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh-Sadat Mousavi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Sharif Dashti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azizzadeh Pormehr
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Riazi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lakin L, Davis BE, Binns CC, Currie KM, Rensel MR. Comprehensive Approach to Management of Multiple Sclerosis: Addressing Invisible Symptoms-A Narrative Review. Neurol Ther 2021; 10:75-98. [PMID: 33877583 PMCID: PMC8057008 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-021-00239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, leading to neurodegeneration and manifesting as a variety of symptoms. These can include "invisible" symptoms, not externally evident to others, such as fatigue, mood disorders, cognitive impairments, pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and vision changes. Invisible symptoms are highly prevalent in people living with MS, with multifactorial etiology and potential to impact the disease course. Patient experiences of these symptoms include both physical and psychosocial elements, which when unaddressed negatively influence many aspects of quality of life and perception of health. Despite the high impact on patient lives, gaps persist in awareness and management of these hidden symptoms. The healthcare provider and patient author experiences brought together here serve to raise the profile of invisible symptoms and review strategies for a team-based approach to comprehensive MS care. We summarize the current literature regarding the prevalence and etiology of invisible symptoms to convey the high likelihood that a person living with MS will contend with one or more of these concerns. We then explore how open communication between people living with MS and their care team, stigma mitigation, and shared decision-making are key to comprehensive management of invisible symptoms. We recommend validated screening tools and technological advancements that may be incorporated into MS care to regularly monitor these symptoms, offering insight into how healthcare providers can both educate and listen to patients, with the goal of improved patient quality of life. By pairing clinical knowledge with an understanding and consideration of the patient perspective, providers will be equipped to foster a patient-centered dialogue that encourages shared decision-making. Invisible symptoms of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey Lakin
- The Neurology Group, 9120 Haven Ave, Rancho Cucamonga, CA, USA
- Comprehensive MS Center, The University of California Riverside, 3390 University Ave, Suite 100, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Bryan E Davis
- Comprehensive MS Center, The University of California Riverside, 3390 University Ave, Suite 100, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cherie C Binns
- Accelerated Cure Project/iConquerMS, 187 Robinson Street, Wakefield, RI, USA
| | - Keisha M Currie
- Currie Consultancy Agency LLC., 11 M. R. Watson Court, Eastover, SC, USA
| | - Mary R Rensel
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee DW, Kwon JI, Woo CW, Heo H, Kim KW, Woo DC, Kim JK, Lee DH. In Vivo Measurement of Neurochemical Abnormalities in the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010045. [PMID: 33396601 PMCID: PMC7823778 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study quantitatively measured the changes in metabolites in the hippocampal lesions of a rat model of cuprizone-induced demyelination as detected using in vivo 7 T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nineteen Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal chow diet or cuprizone (0.2%, w/w) for 7 weeks. Demyelinated hippocampal lesions were quantitatively measured using a 7 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. All proton spectra were quantified for metabolite concentrations and relative ratios. Compared to those in the controls, the cuprizone-induced rats had significantly higher concentrations of glutamate (p = 0.001), gamma-aminobutyric acid (p = 0.019), and glutamate + glutamine (p = 0.001); however, creatine + phosphocreatine (p = 0.006) and myo-inositol (p = 0.001) concentrations were lower. In addition, we found that the glutamine and glutamate complex/total creatine (p < 0.001), glutamate/total creatine (p < 0.001), and GABA/total creatine (p = 0.002) ratios were significantly higher in cuprizone-treated rats than in control rats. Our results showed that cuprizone-induced neuronal demyelination may influence the severe abnormal metabolism in hippocampal lesions, and these responses could be caused by microglial activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and astrocytic necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (K.W.K.); (J.K.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.-W.L.); (D.-H.L.)
| | - Jae-Im Kwon
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-I.K.); (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-I.K.); (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (K.W.K.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-I.K.); (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Jeong Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (K.W.K.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-W.L.); (D.-H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|