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Zhang X, Liang X, Wen Y, Wu F, Gao G, Zhang L, Gu Y, Zhang J, Zhou F, Li W, Tang L, Yang X, Zhao H, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. RAC1 inhibition ameliorates IBSP-induced bone metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114528. [PMID: 39052477 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation (osteoclastogenesis) plays an essential role in tumor osteolytic bone metastasis (BM), while its specific mechanisms remain largely uncertain in lung adenocarcinoma BM. In this study, we demonstrate that integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), which is highly expressed in the cancer cells from bone metastatic and primary lesions of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, can facilitate BM and directly promote macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation independent of RANKL/M-CSF. In vivo results further suggest that osteolytic BM in lung cancer specifically relies on IBSP-induced macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, IBSP regulates the Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1)-NFAT signaling pathway and mediates the forward shift of macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation, thereby leading to early osteolysis. Moreover, inhibition of Rac1 by EHT-1864 or azathioprine in mice models can remarkably alleviate IBSP-induced BM of lung cancer. Overall, our study suggests that tumor-secreted IBSP promotes BM by inducing macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation, with potential as an early diagnostic maker for BM, and Rac1 can be the therapeutic target for IBSP-promoted BM in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xijun Liang
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaokai Wen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Interventional Radiology Department, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000325, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center of Excellence for Thoracic Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1128, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Arakil N, Akhund SA, Elaasser B, Mohammad KS. Intersecting Paths: Unraveling the Complex Journey of Cancer to Bone Metastasis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1075. [PMID: 38791037 PMCID: PMC11117796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of bone metastases presents a significant challenge within the context of advanced cancer treatments, particularly pertaining to breast, prostate, and lung cancers. These metastatic occurrences stem from the dissemination of cancerous cells into the bone, thereby interrupting the equilibrium between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Such disruption results in skeletal complications, adversely affecting patient morbidity and quality of life. This review discusses the intricate interplay between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, positing the bone not merely as a passive recipient of metastatic cells but as an active contributor to cancer progression through its distinctive biochemical and cellular makeup. A thorough examination of bone structure and the dynamics of bone remodeling is undertaken, elucidating how metastatic cancer cells exploit these processes. This review explores the genetic and molecular pathways that underpin the onset and development of bone metastases. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of cytokines and growth factors in facilitating osteoclastogenesis and influencing osteoblast activity. Additionally, this paper offers a meticulous critique of current diagnostic methodologies, ranging from conventional radiography to advanced molecular imaging techniques, and discusses the implications of a nuanced understanding of bone metastasis biology for therapeutic intervention. This includes the development of targeted therapies and strategies for managing bone pain and other skeletal-related events. Moreover, this review underscores the imperative of ongoing research efforts aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets and refining management approaches for bone metastases. It advocates for a multidisciplinary strategy that integrates advancements in medical oncology and radiology with insights derived from molecular biology and genetics, to enhance prognostic outcomes and the quality of life for patients afflicted by this debilitating condition. In summary, bone metastases constitute a complex issue that demands a comprehensive and informed approach to treatment. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse by consolidating existing knowledge and identifying avenues for future investigation, with the overarching objective of ameliorating patient care in the domain of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Khalid S. Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 1153, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (S.A.A.); (B.E.)
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Chai X, Yinwang E, Wang Z, Wang Z, Xue Y, Li B, Zhou H, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Mou H, Sun L, Qu H, Wang F, Zhang Z, Chen T, Ye Z. Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Bone Metastasis and Their Therapeutic Value. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692788. [PMID: 34722241 PMCID: PMC8552022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Bone metastasis, which usually accompanies severe skeletal-related events, is the most common site for tumor distant dissemination and detected in more than one-third of patients with advanced lung cancer. Biopsy and imaging play critical roles in the diagnosis of bone metastasis; however, these approaches are characterized by evident limitations. Recently, studies regarding potential biomarkers in the serum, urine, and tumor tissue, were performed to predict the bone metastases and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the findings of recent clinical research studies on biomarkers detected in samples obtained from patients with lung cancer bone metastasis. These markers include the following: (1) bone resorption-associated markers, such as N-terminal telopeptide (NTx)/C-terminal telopeptide (CTx), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP-5b), pyridinoline (PYD), and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP); (2) bone formation-associated markers, including total serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP), osteopontin (OP), osteocalcin (OS), amino-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen/carboxy-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP/PINP); (3) signaling markers, including epidermal growth factor receptor/Kirsten rat sarcoma/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR/KRAS/ALK), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4), complement component 5a receptor (C5AR); and (4) other potential markers, such as calcium sensing receptor (CASR), bone sialoprotein (BSP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), cytokeratin 19 fragment/carcinoembryonic antigen (CYFRA/CEA), tissue factor, cell-free DNA, long non-coding RNA, and microRNA. The prognostic value of these markers is also investigated. Furthermore, we listed some clinical trials targeting hotspot biomarkers in advanced lung cancer referring for their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eloy Yinwang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu Z, Yang G, Pang Z, Liang J, Wang W, Zhou Y. Establishment of a regression model of bone metabolism markers for the diagnosis of bone metastases in lung cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:27. [PMID: 33487166 PMCID: PMC7830744 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to establish a regression equation model of serum bone metabolism markers. We analyzed the diagnostic value of bone metastases in lung cancer and provided laboratory evidence for the early clinical treatment of bone metastases in lung cancer. Methods A total of 339 patients with non-metastatic lung cancer, patients with lung cancer with bone metastasis, and patients with benign lung disease who were treated in our hospital from July 2012 to October 2015 were included. A total of 103 patients with lung cancer in the non-metastatic group, 128 patients with lung cancer combined with bone metastasis group, and 108 patients with benign lung diseases who had nontumor and nonbone metabolism-related diseases were selected as the control group. Detection and analysis of type I collagen carboxyl terminal peptide β-special sequence (β-CTX), total type I procollagen amino terminal propeptide (TPINP), N-terminal-mid fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D (VitD3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (CA), phosphorus (P), cytokeratin 19 fragment (F211), and other indicators were performed. Four multiple regression models were established to determine the best diagnostic model for lung cancer with bone metastasis. Results Analysis of single indicators of bone metabolism markers in lung cancer was performed, among which F211, β-CTX, TPINP, and ALP were significantly different (P < 0.05). The ROC curve of each indicator was less than 0.712. Based on the multiple regression models, the fourth model was the best and was much better than a single indicator with an AUC of 0.856, a sensitivity of 70.0%, a specificity of 91.0%, a positive predictive value of 82.5%, and a negative predictive value of 72.0%. Conclusion Multiple regression models of bone metabolism markers were established. These models can be used to evaluate the progression of lung cancer and provide a basis for the early treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Yang X, Zang H, Luo Y, Wu J, Fang Z, Zhu W, Li Y. High expression of USP22 predicts poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3035-3046. [PMID: 29872315 PMCID: PMC5973323 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s148662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The expression of USP22 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in solid tumors. However, the prognostic value of USP22 still remains unknown. Materials and methods A systematic meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of USP22 in cancers. A literature collection was conducted from inception to June 8, 2017 by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid and Web of Science databases. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were used to correlate high expression of USP22 with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features. Results The results, pooled by 19 studies with 2,876 cases, indicated that high expression of USP22 predicted poor OS (HR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.11–2.84, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR=2.55, 95% CI: 2.05–3.05, p<0.001) of cancer patients. Furthermore, high expression of USP22 was also significantly associated with advanced clinicopathological parameters, including tumor stage, tumor differentiation, metastasis, nodal status and tumor size. Conclusion Our finding revealed that USP22 might be an indicator of poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features of solid tumors and could be served as a novel biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Zang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, Xinyi Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinyi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingbin Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Petta V, Loukides S, Kostikas K, Papaioannou AI, Papatheodorou G, Cholidou K, Tomos I, Papiris S, Koulouris NG, Bakakos P. Serum osteopontin in patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: does the co-existence make the difference? J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:740-748. [PMID: 29607144 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.01.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in cancer development and metastasis. Increased sputum OPN was detected in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods We evaluated serum OPN levels in patients with lung cancer (LC) and/or COPD and aimed to determine OPN prognostic performance in 1-year mortality in LC and also its diagnostic performance in LC among COPD patients. We recruited 167 LC patients, 85 with concomitant COPD. 28 COPD patients served as control group. Results OPN levels were higher in LC compared to COPD alone (P=0.017) and higher in COPD and LC compared to COPD alone (P=0.031). No difference was observed in OPN levels between LC and COPD vs. LC without COPD (P=0.171). Serum OPN ≥50.3 ng/mL was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality in LC. Conclusions OPN levels ≥35 ng/mL could predict the presence of LC among COPD patients. In patients with LC and/or COPD, LC is the major determinant for serum OPN. Serum OPN might be a promising prognostic biomarker of LC and a diagnostic biomarker of LC among COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Petta
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana I Papaioannou
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kyriaki Cholidou
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tomos
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papiris
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Koulouris
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
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7
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Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 deficiency attenuates and high-fat diet exacerbates bone loss in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23303-23311. [PMID: 28177896 PMCID: PMC5410305 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss occurs in obesity and cancer-associated complications including wasting. This study determined whether a high-fat diet and a deficiency in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) altered bone structural defects in male C57BL/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) metastases in lungs. Compared to non-tumor-bearing mice, LLC reduced bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and bone mineral density and increased trabecular separation in femurs. Similar changes occurred in vertebrae. The high-fat diet compared to the AIN93G diet exacerbated LLC-induced detrimental structural changes; the exacerbation was greater in femurs than in vertebrae. Mice deficient in MCP-1 compared to wild-type mice exhibited increases in bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular number and decreases in trabecular separation in both femurs and vertebrae, and increases in trabecular thickness and bone mineral density and a decrease in structure model index in vertebrae. Lewis lung carcinoma significantly decreased osteocalcin but increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b) in plasma. In LLC-bearing mice, the high-fat diet increased and MCP-1 deficiency decreased plasma TRAP 5b; neither the high-fat diet nor MCP-1 deficiency resulted in significant changes in plasma concentration of osteocalcin. In conclusion, pulmonary metastasis of LLC is accompanied by detrimental bone structural changes; MCP-1 deficiency attenuates and high-fat diet exacerbates the metastasis-associated bone wasting.
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8
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Naumnik W, Płońska I, Ossolińska M, Nikliński J, Naumnik B. Prognostic Value of Osteoprotegerin and sRANKL in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1047:1-6. [PMID: 29052177 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL). OPG promotes endothelial cell survival and neoangiogenesis. Dysregulation of the OPG/RANKL system has been detected in several tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of OPG and sRANKL assessment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We measured the concentration of OPG and sRANKL in BALF of 44 NSCLC patients and 15 healthy volunteers taken as control subjects. The OPG content was higher in the NSCLC group than that in controls [0.48 (0.12-1.45) vs. 0.23 (0.14-0.75) pmol/l; p = 0.0001]. There were no significant differences in sRANKL content between the NSCLC and control groups [1.22 (0.74-23.00) vs. 1.12 (0.79-4.39) pmol/l; p = 0.67]. However, we found that the greater the level of sRANKL in NSCLC patients, the shorter the overall survival. We found a correlation between the content of sRANKL and the percentage of lymphocytes in BALF of NSCLC patients (r = 0.52; p = 0.041). We conclude that NSCLC patients have a higher content of OPG in BALF than healthy people. A high level of sRANKL in BALF of NSCLC patients may predict worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Naumnik
- First Department of Lung Diseases and Chemotherapy of Respiratory Neoplasms, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia Street, PL 15-54, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - I Płońska
- Municipal Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Ossolińska
- First Department of Lung Diseases and Chemotherapy of Respiratory Neoplasms, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia Street, PL 15-54, Bialystok, Poland
| | - J Nikliński
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - B Naumnik
- First Department of Nephrology and Transplantation with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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9
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Kerenidi T, Kazakou AP, Lada M, Tsilioni I, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis KI. Clinical Significance of Circulating Osteopontin Levels in Patients With Lung Cancer and Correlation With VEGF and MMP-9. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:385-92. [PMID: 27624849 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1223301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in carcinogenesis. Serum levels of OPN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured by ELISA in 90 lung cancer patients. OPN levels were elevated in patients compared to controls (p <.0001). Smokers, patients with worse performance status, and weight loss exhibited higher OPN levels (p =.0012,.00036, and.0003, respectively). Increased OPN levels were associated with worse survival (p =.0018). Finally, OPN levels were positively correlated with both VEGF (p =.0008) and MMP-9 (p <.0001). OPN might serve as a prognostic biomarker, and the positive correlation between OPN and both VEGF and MMP-9 could implicate new insights in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Kerenidi
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital of Larissa , Larissa , Greece
| | - Aikaterini P Kazakou
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital of Larissa , Larissa , Greece
| | - Martha Lada
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital of Larissa , Larissa , Greece
| | - Irini Tsilioni
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital of Larissa , Larissa , Greece
| | - Zoe Daniil
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital of Larissa , Larissa , Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- a Respiratory Medicine Department , University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital of Larissa , Larissa , Greece
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10
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Luo Q, Xu Z, Wang L, Ruan M, Jin G. Progress in the research on the mechanism of bone metastasis in lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:227-235. [PMID: 27446555 PMCID: PMC4950548 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the predominant cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The bone metastasis of lung cancer brings great suffering to the patient. Previous advances have provided insights into the mechanism of bone metastasis. Previous research has investigated lung cancer stem cells and three steps were determined for the lung cancer cells to metastasize to the bone: i) Escaping from the primary tumor; ii) moving in the circulation; iii) colonizing in the bone. Key molecules are involved in each of these process. Although there is a close association and similarity, dynamic microenvironments affect these processes. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/RANKL axis serves a vital role in the regulation of the generation and activation of osteoclasts during the osteolytic lesion. However, the specific molecules for the lung cancer cells to metastasize to the bone require further research and exploration. The present study aimed to investigate the relative molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis in lung cancer in recent years, providing a general understanding about the features of lung cancer preferences to bone, and discussing other things that require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Luo
- Department of Postgraduates, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhenye Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Ruan
- Department of Postgraduates, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Guiyu Jin
- Department of Postgraduates, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Lu C, Sun C, Jin H. Serum sRANKL and sRANKL/OPG ratio: Novel biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2261-2265. [PMID: 26998159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) are bone-regulating molecules. The two molecules have each been indicated to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, the diagnostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be investigated. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of OPG and sRANKL in NSCLC patients, and to analyze their clinical significance. Serum OPG and sRANKL levels were determined in 50 patients with NSCLC, matched with 25 patients with benign lung nodule and 25 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of serum sRANKL and the sRANKL/OPG ratio were significant elevated in the patients with NSCLC compared with the benign lung nodule patients and the healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the performance of sRANKL and sRANKL/OPG. When the cut-off values for the sRANKL level and the sRANKL/OPG ratio were set at 4.20 pmol/l and 0.60, respectively, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of sRANKL were 74.0, 84.0 and 77.3%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the sRANKL/OPG ratio were 84.0, 88.0 and 85.3%, respectively. On the other hand, when the cut-off values of the serum sRANKL level and the sRANKL/OPG ratio were set at 5.24 pmol/l and 0.63, respectively, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of sRANKL were 60.0, 84.0 and 68.0%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the ratio were 78.0, 64.0 and 73.3%, respectively. The OPG/RANKL system may be involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. More importantly, the serum sRANKL level and the sRANKL/OPG ratio may have the potential to be novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Hematology Department, Wuxi People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanchang, Wuxi 214023, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Li D, Qian W, Li RR, Zhang J, Li KE, Wu Y. Correlation between lung neoplasm and serum level of osteopontin: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:567-572. [PMID: 27123248 PMCID: PMC4840616 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum osteopontin (OPN) levels in lung neoplasm in patients to establish a novel diagnostic score model. Articles were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wang Fang databases. Studies identified were pooled, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analyses and publication bias detection were also conducted. Version 12.0 STATA software was used for statistical analysis. A final analysis of 1,327 subjects together (740 patients with lung neoplasms and 587 controls) was performed from 10 clinical case-control studies. The meta-analysis results showed a positive association between serum OPN levels and lung neoplasm (SMD=5.59, 95% CI: 1.85–3.32, P<0.001). The subgroup analysis by ethnicity detected that high levels of serum OPN may be the main risk factor for lung neoplasms in Asians (SMD=1.76, 95% CI: 1.24–2.29, P<0.001), but not in Caucasians (P=0.072). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis indicated that serum OPN levels were generally elevated in lung neoplasm patients, and thus, serum levels of OPN may be useful in diagnosing lung neoplasm in certain population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Wang Qian
- Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Ruo Ran Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - K E Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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The effects of lung and prostate cancer bone metastasis on serum osteoprotegerin levels: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18324. [PMID: 26671549 PMCID: PMC4680868 DOI: 10.1038/srep18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis leads to skeletal-related events in final-stage cancer patients. The incidence of prostate and lung cancers increases yearly; these cancers readily invade the bone. Some recent studies have found that serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels may be altered in patients with bone metastasis, whereas other reports have produced inconsistent findings. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of lung and prostate cancer on serum OPG levels. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and CNKI to identify relevant studies. A total of 11 studies were included. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the bone metastasis (BM) group, the non-bone metastasis (BM-) group and healthy controls were calculated. In prostate cancer, serum OPG levels in the BM group were higher than in the BM- group and healthy controls. Additionally, no significant difference in serum OPG levels was found between the BM- group and healthy controls. In lung cancer, serum OPG levels in the BM and BM- groups were significantly increased compared with healthy controls. However, no significant difference in serum OPG levels was found between the BM and BM- groups. Studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
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Wang Y, Yang J, Liu H, Bi JR, Liu Y, Chen YY, Cao JY, Lu YJ. The association between osteopontin and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis of 13 cohorts. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3513-21. [PMID: 26648743 PMCID: PMC4664515 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, osteopontin (OPN) was identified as one of the important proteins that promote the metastasis of tumor. However, the association between OPN overexpression and clinical outcome of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of OPN in NSCLC patients. A total of 13 studies are included to explore the relationship between the OPN elevation and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in NSCLC patients. We searched for related articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases, which were published before January 31, 2015. Hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the high OPN expression group compared with the low OPN expression group were calculated and analyzed. Primary results were summarized by using a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model. The stratified analyses in subgroups were also performed. Thirteen cohort studies, which involved 1,630 patients, were included. Subgroup analyses were performed by area and test method of OPN. We found that OPN was significantly associated with poor OS (HR =2.20, 95% CI 1.71–2.83, P<0.001) and DFS (HR =2.11, 95% CI 1.62–2.74, P<0.001) in NSCLC patients. OPN overexpression tended to be associated with the presence of advanced tumor TNM stage (III and IV) (OR =2.57, 95% CI 1.61–4.11, P<0.001). The Egger’s test suggested that there was no publication bias in OS studies (P=0.062) and DFS studies (P=0.740). These data indicate that OPN seems to have a significant predictive potential in estimating survival in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Rui Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Jin Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang Z, Lu Y, Qiao D, Wen X, Zhao H, Yao Y. Diagnostic and prognostic validity of serum bone turnover markers in bone metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Bone Oncol 2015; 4:85-91. [PMID: 26587374 PMCID: PMC4648994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Zhao
- Corresponding author. Fax: +086 021 64369181.
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Kim HJ, Park J, Lee SK, Kim KR, Park KK, Chung WY. Loss of RUNX3 expression promotes cancer-associated bone destruction by regulating CCL5, CCL19 and CXCL11 in non-small cell lung cancer. J Pathol 2015; 237:520-31. [PMID: 26239696 PMCID: PMC4832375 DOI: 10.1002/path.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently metastasizes to bone, which is associated with significant morbidity and a dismal prognosis. RUNX3 functions as a tumour suppressor in lung cancer and loss of expression occurs more frequently in invasive lung adenocarcinoma than in pre‐invasive lesions. Here, we show that RUNX3 and RUNX3‐regulated chemokines are linked to NSCLC‐mediated bone resorption. Notably, the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, an index of osteoclastogenic stimulation, was significantly increased in human osteoblastic cells treated with conditioned media derived from RUNX3‐knockdown NSCLC cells. We aimed to identify RUNX3‐regulated factors that modify the osteoblastic RANKL/OPG ratio and found that RUNX3 knockdown led to CCL5 up‐regulation and down‐regulation of CCL19 and CXCL11 in NSCLC cells. Tumour size was noticeably increased and more severe osteolytic lesions were induced in the calvaria and tibiae of mice that received RUNX3‐knockdown cells. In response to RUNX3 knockdown, serum and tissue levels of CCL5 increased, whereas CCL19 and CXCL11 decreased. Furthermore, CCL5 increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner; however, CCL19 and CXCL11 did not show any significant effects. The RANKL/OPG ratio in osteoblastic cells was increased by CCL5 but reduced by CCL19 and CXCL11. CCL5 promoted osteoclast differentiation, but CCL19 and CXCL11 reduced osteoclastogenesis in RANKL‐treated bone marrow macrophages. These findings suggest that RUNX3 and related chemokines are useful markers for the prediction and/or treatment of NSCLC‐induced bone destruction. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Emerging lung cancer therapeutic targets based on the pathogenesis of bone metastases. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:236246. [PMID: 25197279 PMCID: PMC4147348 DOI: 10.1155/2014/236246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer related mortality in both men and women. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. It is widely accepted that tumor metastasis is a formidable barrier to effective treatment of lung cancer. The bone is one of the frequent metastatic sites for lung cancer occurring in a large number of patients. Bone metastases can cause a wide range of symptoms that could impair quality of life of lung cancer patients and shorten their survival. We strongly believe that molecular targets (tumor-related and bone microenvironment based) that have been implicated in lung cancer bone metastases hold great promise in lung cancer therapeutics. Thus, this paper discusses some of the emerging molecular targets that have provided insights into the cascade of metastases in lung cancer with the focus on bone invasion. It is anticipated that the information gathered might be useful in future efforts of optimizing lung cancer treatment strategies.
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Roato I. Bone metastases: When and how lung cancer interacts with bone. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:149-155. [PMID: 24829862 PMCID: PMC4014787 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a common and debilitating consequence of lung cancer: 30%-40% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer develop bone metastases during the course of their disease. Lung cancer cells find a favorable soil in the bone microenvironment due to factors released by the bone matrix, the immune system cells, and the same cancer cells. Many aspects of the cross-talk among lung tumor cells, the immune system, and bone cells are not clear, but this review aims to summarize the recent findings in this field, with particular attention to studies conducted to identify biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer bone metastases.
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Bone markers for monitoring efficacy in patients
with bone metastases receiving zoledronic acid:
a review of published data. Int J Biol Markers 2013; 28:242-8. [PMID: 23661577 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases occur frequently in patients with advanced solid tumors and can create serious clinical problems that are commonly referred to as skeletal-related events. Although bisphosphonates, especially zoledronic acid, have emerged as an integral determinant of managing metastatic bone disease, their application remains a challenge because of the lack of standardized measures and their side effects. Since factors derived from bone metabolism are potentially useful to measure the efficacy of zoledronic acid, several clinical trials have investigated these bone markers with respect to their monitoring values. The results suggest that a greater decline in bone marker levels is associated with a more reduced incidence of skeletal-related events and a better improvement of symptoms. This review summarizes the available evidence on the clinical use of bone markers in monitoring zoledronic acid in various cancers with bone metastases including breast, prostate and lung cancer.
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Tang C, Liu Y, Qin H, Li X, Guo W, Li J, Wang W, Qu L, Hu H, Xu C, Zheng L, Huang Y, Liu B, Gao H, Halleen JM, Liu X. Clinical significance of serum BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP as bone metabolic markers for bone metastasis screening in lung cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 426:102-7. [PMID: 24055775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the clinical significance of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP 5b) and type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP) as bone metabolic markers for bone metastasis (BM) screening in lung cancer patients. METHODS Newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer patients with (N = 130) and without (N = 135) BM were enrolled in the study. Serum BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP were measured before the treatment. RESULTS BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP values were higher in patients with BM compared with patients without BM (all P < 0.0001). Area under ROC curve (AUC) of BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP was 0.760, 0.753 and 0.835 (all P < 0.0001), respectively. The cut-off values for BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP were 21.8 μg/l, 7.8 U/l and 8.8 μg/l, respectively. When TRACP 5b and ICTP were combined, AUC was elevated to 0.895 (P < 0.0001), and the cut-off values were TRACP 5b 7.6 U/l and ICTP 8.4 μg/l. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that serum BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP may serve as useful tools for BM screening in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhao Tang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 8 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
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Peng X, Guo W, Ren T, Lou Z, Lu X, Zhang S, Lu Q, Sun Y. Differential expression of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is associated with bone metastasis in human non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58361. [PMID: 23516466 PMCID: PMC3596380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients exhibit a high propensity to develop skeletal metastasis, resulting in excessive osteolytic activity. The RANKL/RANK/OPG system, which plays a pivotal role in bone remodeling by regulating osteoclast formation and activity, is of potential interest in this context. Materials and Methods Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis were used to examine the expression of RANKL, RANK, and OPG in human NSCLC cell lines with different metastatic potentials, as well as in 52 primary NSCLC samples and 75 NSCLC bone metastasis samples. In primary NSCLC patients, the expression of these proteins was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Recombinant human RANKL and transfected RANKL cDNA were added to the PAa cell line to evaluate the promoter action of RANKL during the process of metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Results Up-regulated RANKL, RANK, and OPG expression and increased RANKL:OPG ratio were detected in NSCLC cell lines and in tumor tissues with bone metastasis, and were correlated with higher metastatic potential. The metastatic potential of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, including migration and invasion ability, was significantly enhanced by recombinant human RANKL and the transfection of RANKL cDNA, and was impaired after OPG was added. The increased expression of RANKL and OPG correlated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Conclusions Differential expression of RANKL, RANK, and OPG is associated with the metastatic potential of human NSCLC to skeleton, raising the possibility that the RANKL/RANK/OPG system could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Peng
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Lou
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Lu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunshan Lu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The use of bone turnover markers in oncology includes monitoring of anticancer treatment in patients with malignant disease metastatic to the bones (therapeutic monitoring), predicting the risk of bone relapse in patients with a first diagnosis of potentially curative, early-stage malignant tumors (prognostic use), and making an early diagnosis of (microscopic) malignant bone disease in patients with a known malignant tumor to start early bone-targeted treatment and avoid skeletal-related events (diagnostic use). Concerning prognostic use, there is limited evidence for bone turnover markers to predict the occurrence of metachronous bone metastases in patients with early-stage malignant tumors, with serum PINP (N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type 1), ICTP (Carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and tumor immunoexpression of BSP being the most promising candidates. Concerning diagnostic use, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatise (BSAP), PINP and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were repeatedly shown to be associated with synchronous bone metastases in patients with breast or lung cancer, but sensitivity of these markers was too low to suggest that they might be preferred over conventional bone scans for the diagnosis of bone metastases. A somewhat higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of bone metastases was found for urinary NTx (N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen) and serum ICTP in solid tumor patients, serum TRAcP-5b (Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b) in patients with breast cancer and serum BSAP, PINP and OPG in prostate cancer patients. Both prognostic and diagnostic use of bone turnover markers are reviewed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Breast Centre, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Bayrak SB, Ceylan E, Serter M, Karadağ F, Demir E, Çildağ O. The clinical importance of bone metabolic markers in detecting bone metastasis of lung cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2011; 17:112-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-011-0266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mountzios G, Ramfidis V, Terpos E, Syrigos KN. Prognostic significance of bone markers in patients with lung cancer metastatic to the skeleton: a review of published data. Clin Lung Cancer 2011; 12:341-9. [PMID: 21703936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of bone metastases significantly affects clinical outcome and quality of life parameters in patients with lung cancer. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of markers of bone turnover in skeletal morbidity and clinical parameters, including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), in patients with lung cancer metastatic to the skeleton who were receiving bisphosphonate treatment. A comprehensive overview of all articles published from 1995 to date in 3 medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) was performed using the keywords bone markers and lung cancer. Most bone formation markers (including bone alkaline phosphatase [bALP], osteocalcin [OC], and osteoprotegerin [OPG]), most bone absorption markers (including urinary calcium, osteopontin [OPN], receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand [RANKL], tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform-5b [TRACP 5b]), and the metabolites of type I collagen had elevated concentrations in patients with lung cancer and bone metastases compared with patients without skeletal involvement. Two large studies showed that urinary N-terminal telopeptide (NTX) levels are a valid diagnostic method for early detection of bone metastases and a more consistent prognosticator than bALP. Treatment with zoledronic acid reduces NTX, TRACP-5b, RANKL, and OPG levels. Furthermore posttherapeutic reduction of urinary NTX levels seems to correlate with lower risk of skeletal-related events (SREs). Levels of markers of bone remodeling reflect the presence of bone metastases and may contribute to early detection of occult skeletal disease or monitor the effect of bisphosphonate treatment. However their ability to predict SREs, as well as DFS and OS, remains debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannis Mountzios
- Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, 251 General Air Force Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Chao TY, Wu YY, Janckila AJ. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP 5b) as a serum maker for cancer with bone metastasis. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1553-64. [PMID: 20599857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) activity as a biomarker for bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:181-5. [PMID: 20932965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and follow-up of bone metastasis (BMet) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients usually rely on symptoms and image studies. A serum marker of bone resorption may improve the quality of treatment in such patients. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) is a specific marker for osteoclasts and we proposed it can be used as a marker of BMet in NSCLC patients. METHODS In November 2002 till August 2008 serum samples were obtained from 141 newly diagnosed stage IIIA, IIIB or IV NSCLC patients and 41 normal subjects. All patients received baseline bone scintinography examination and evaluation of clinical symptoms as a standard of BMet diagnosis. Patients were divided into 2 groups by having BMet (Group I, n = 72) or not (Group II, n = 69). An in-house immunoassay using a TRACP-specific monoclonal antibody, 14G6, was used to measure the serum TRACP5b activity at pH 6.1. RESULTS The mean serum TRACP5b activities of Group I, Group II and normal subjects were 3.50 ± 2.2 3U/l, 2.09 ± 0.72 U/l and 2.33 ± 0.52 U/l, respectively. After adjusting for age, stage, gender, and histology in a generalized linear model, Group I has significantly higher TRACP5b activity than Group II (p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic analysis established a cutoff value of 2.551 U/l to identify BMet in NSCLC patients with a sensitivity of 63.9% and a specificity of 76.8%. TRACP5b activity declined in patients who responded to treatment (p = 0.047), and elevated in patients who developed new BMet (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum TRACP5b activity test is a potentially useful adjunct in diagnosing and monitoring BMet in NSCLC. Further study is warranted to establish its real value in diagnosis and monitoring of BMet in NSCLC patients.
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