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Maddison K, Faulkner S, Graves MC, Fay M, Bowden NA, Tooney PA. Vasculogenic Mimicry Occurs at Low Levels in Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3922. [PMID: 37568738 PMCID: PMC10417556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), the ability of tumour cells to form functional microvasculature without an endothelial lining, may contribute to anti-angiogenic treatment resistance in glioblastoma. We aimed to assess the extent of VM formation in primary and recurrent glioblastomas and to determine whether VM vessels also express prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a pathological vessel marker. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 35 matched pairs of primary and recurrent glioblastoma was immunohistochemically labelled for PSMA and CD34 and stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Vascular structures were categorised as endothelial vessels (CD34+/PAS+) or VM (CD34-/PAS+). Most blood vessels in both primary and recurrent tumours were endothelial vessels, and these significantly decreased in recurrent tumours (p < 0.001). PSMA was expressed by endothelial vessels, and its expression was also decreased in recurrent tumours (p = 0.027). VM was observed in 42.86% of primary tumours and 28.57% of recurrent tumours. VM accounted for only a small proportion of the tumour vasculature and VM density did not differ between primary and recurrent tumours (p = 0.266). The functional contribution of VM and its potential as a treatment target in glioblastoma require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Maddison
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.M.); (S.F.); (P.A.T.)
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.C.G.); (M.F.)
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.M.); (S.F.); (P.A.T.)
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.C.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Moira C. Graves
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.C.G.); (M.F.)
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Michael Fay
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.C.G.); (M.F.)
- GenesisCare, Lake Macquarie Private Hospital, Gateshead, NSW 2290, Australia
| | - Nikola A. Bowden
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.M.); (S.F.); (P.A.T.)
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.C.G.); (M.F.)
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Cai H, Liu W, Liu X, Li Z, Feng T, Xue Y, Liu Y. Advances and Prospects of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Glioma: A Potential New Therapeutic Target? Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4473-4483. [PMID: 32547078 PMCID: PMC7247597 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s247855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of a “vessel-like” structure without endothelial cells. VM exists in vascular-dependent solid tumors and is a special blood supply source involved in the highly invasive tumor progression. VM is observed in a variety of human malignant tumors and is closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and recurrence. Here, we review the mechanism, related signaling pathways, and molecular regulation of VM in glioma and discuss current research problems and the potential future applications of VM in glioma treatment. This review may provide a new viewpoint for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianda Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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Ahir BK, Engelhard HH, Lakka SS. Tumor Development and Angiogenesis in Adult Brain Tumor: Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2461-2478. [PMID: 32152825 PMCID: PMC7170819 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from the preexisting blood vessels. Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly vascularized tumors, and glioma growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a complex process involving proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) under the stimulation of specific signals. It is controlled by the balance between its promoting and inhibiting factors. Various angiogenic factors and genes have been identified that stimulate glioma angiogenesis. Therefore, attention has been directed to anti-angiogenesis therapy in which glioma proliferation is inhibited by inhibiting the formation of new tumor vessels using angiogenesis inhibitory factors and drugs. Here, in this review, we highlight and summarize the various molecular mediators that regulate GBM angiogenesis with focus on recent clinical research on the potential of exploiting angiogenic pathways as a strategy in the treatment of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh K Ahir
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sajani S Lakka
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Ruan S, Xie R, Qin L, Yu M, Xiao W, Hu C, Yu W, Qian Z, Ouyang L, He Q, Gao H. Aggregable Nanoparticles-Enabled Chemotherapy and Autophagy Inhibition Combined with Anti-PD-L1 Antibody for Improved Glioma Treatment. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8318-8332. [PMID: 31610656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meinan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center, West China Hospital and collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center, West China Hospital and collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Ying M, Wang S, Zhang M, Wang R, Zhu H, Ruan H, Ran D, Chai Z, Wang X, Lu W. Myristic Acid-Modified DA7R Peptide for Whole-Process Glioma-Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19473-19482. [PMID: 29790744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of aggressive glioma has been a great challenge, mainly because of the complexity of the glioma microenvironment and the existence of the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB)/blood-brain barrier (BBB), which severely hampers the effective accumulation of most therapeutic agents in the glioma region. Additionally, vasculogenic mimicry (VM), angiogenesis, and glioma stem cells (GSC) in malignant glioma also lead to the failure of clinical therapy. To address the aforementioned issues, a whole-process glioma-targeted drug delivery strategy was proposed. The DA7R peptide has effective BBTB-penetrating and notable glioma-, angiogenesis-, and VM-targeting abilities. Herein, we designed a myristic acid modified DA7R ligand (MC-DA7R), which combines tumor-homing DA7R with BBB-penetrable MC. MC-DA7R was then immobilized to PEGylated liposomes (MC-DA7R-LS) to form a whole-process glioma-targeting system. MC-DA7R-LS exhibited exceptional internalization in glioma, tumor neovascular, and brain capillary endothelial cells. Enhanced BBTB- and BBB-traversing efficiencies were also observed on MC-DA7R-LS. Ex vivo imaging on brain tumors also demonstrated the feasibility of MC-DA7R-LS in intracranial glioma-homing, whereas the immunofluorescence studies demonstrated its GSC and angiogenesis homing. Furthermore, doxorubicin-loaded MC-DA7R-LS accomplished a remarkable therapeutic outcome, as a result of a synergistic improvement on the glioma microenvironment. Our study highlights the potential of the MC-modified DA7R peptide as a great candidate for the whole-process glioma-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Songli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hangchang Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Huitong Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Danni Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Zhilan Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA , Shanghai 201203 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
- Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Fudan-Minghang Academic Health System, Minghang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai 201199 , China
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Greish K, Jasim A, Parayath N, Abdelghany S, Alkhateeb A, Taurin S, Nehoff H. Micellar formulations of Crizotinib and Dasatinib in the management of glioblastoma multiforme. J Drug Target 2017; 26:692-708. [PMID: 29251531 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1419357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) defies the currently practiced management of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery and hence, it is associated with a high fatality rate with a median survival of 14.6 months. In our previous work investigating different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we established that a combination of Crizotinib and Dasatinib exerted the most potent effect on different GBM cell lines. In this work, to improve targeted therapy at the site of the tumour and avoid systemic toxicity, we exploited the enhanced permeability and retention effect by designing micellar formulations of these two TKIs. Crizotinib and Dasatinib were successfully encapsulated in poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA) micelles which were then evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, anti-proliferative effect, mode of cell death, efficacy in spheroid models, effect on cell signalling, antiangiogenic potential and in vivo anticancer activity. Our results showed that this combination had induced a potent anti-proliferative effect in four GBM cell lines grown as a monolayer and as a spheroid. The combination was also efficacious in in vitro models of angiogenesis and vascular mimicry. In vivo data showed the enhanced activity of the micellar TKIs compared to free drugs. In conclusion, we proved that micellar formulations of Crizotinib and Dasatinib carry promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anfal Jasim
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Neha Parayath
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Sara Abdelghany
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ali Alkhateeb
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Hayley Nehoff
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Guo J, Cai H, Liu X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Gong W, Chen J, Xi Z, Xue Y. Long Non-coding RNA LINC00339 Stimulates Glioma Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation by Regulating the miR-539-5p/TWIST1/MMPs Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:170-186. [PMID: 29499931 PMCID: PMC5751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is recognized as a highly angiogenic malignant brain tumor. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) greatly restricts the therapeutic effect of anti-angiogenic tumor therapy for glioma patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of VM formation in glioma remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that LINC00339 was upregulated in glioma tissue as well as in glioma cell lines. The expression of LINC00339 in glioma tissues was positively correlated with glioma VM formation. Knockdown of LINC00339 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, meanwhile downregulating the expression of VM-related molecular MMP-2 and MMP-14. Furthermore, knockdown of LINC00339 significantly increased the expression of miR-539-5p. Both bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay revealed that LINC00339 regulated the above effects via binding to miR-539-5p. Besides, overexpression of miR-539-5p resulted in decreased expression of TWIST1, a transcription factor known to play an oncogenic role in glioma and identified as a direct target of miR-539-5p. TWIST1 upregulated the promoter activities of MMP-2 and MMP-14. The in vivo study showed that nude mice carrying tumors with knockdown of LINC00339 and overexpression of miR-539-5p exhibited the smallest tumor volume through inhibiting VM formation. In conclusion, LINC00339 may be used as a novel therapeutic target for VM formation in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Impact of Blood Vessel Quantity and Vascular Expression of CD133 and ICAM-1 on Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL 2017; 2017:5629563. [PMID: 29250531 PMCID: PMC5698821 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5629563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most angiogenic tumor. Nevertheless, antiangiogenic therapy has not shown significant clinical efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess blood vessel characteristics on survival of GB patients. Surgically excised GB tissues were histologically examined for overall proportion of glomeruloid microvascular proliferation (MP) and the total number of blood vessels. Also, immunohistochemical vascular staining intensities of CD133 and ICAM-1 were determined. Vessel parameters were correlated with patients' overall survival. The survival time depended on the number of blood vessels (p = 0.03) but not on the proportion of MP. Median survival times for patients with low (<median) and high (≥median) number of blood vessels were 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.5–10.5) and 12.0 months (95% CI: 9.3–14.7). Also, median survival times for patients with low (<median) and high (≥median) vascular expression level of CD133 were 9.0 months (95% CI: 8.0–10.1) and 12.0 months (95% CI: 10.3–13.7). In contrast, the staining intensity of vascular ICAM-1 did not affect survival. In multivariate analysis, the number of blood vessels emerged as an independent predictor for longer overall survival (HR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–5.0, p = 0.02). For success in antiangiogenic therapy, better understanding about tumor vasculature biology is needed.
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Xue W, Du X, Wu H, Liu H, Xie T, Tong H, Chen X, Guo Y, Zhang W. Aberrant glioblastoma neovascularization patterns and their correlation with DCE-MRI-derived parameters following temozolomide and bevacizumab treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13894. [PMID: 29066764 PMCID: PMC5654943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly angiogenic malignancy, and its abundant, aberrant neovascularization is closely related to the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. However, anti-angiogenesis combined with standard radio-/chemo-therapy produces little improvement in treatment outcomes. Determining the reason for treatment failure is pivotal for GBM treatment. Here, histopathological analysis and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were used to explore the effects of temozolomide (TMZ) and bevacizumab (BEV) on GBM neovascularization patterns in an orthotopic U87MG mouse model at 1, 3 and 6 days after treatment. We found that the amount of vascular mimicry (VM) significantly increased 6 days after BEV treatment. TMZ inhibited neovascularization at an early stage, but the microvessel density (MVD) and transfer coefficient (Ktrans) derived from DCE-MRI increased 6 days after treatment. TMZ and BEV combination therapy slightly prolonged the inhibitory effect on tumor microvessels. Sprouting angiogenesis was positively correlated with Ktrans in all treatment groups. The increase in VM after BEV administration and the increase in MVD and Ktrans after TMZ administration may be responsible for treatment resistance. Ktrans holds great potential as an imaging biomarker for indicating the variation in sprouting angiogenesis during drug treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xue
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuesong Du
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Haipeng Tong
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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10
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Ramjiawan RR, Griffioen AW, Duda DG. Anti-angiogenesis for cancer revisited: Is there a role for combinations with immunotherapy? Angiogenesis 2017; 20:185-204. [PMID: 28361267 PMCID: PMC5439974 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels and has been characterized as an essential process for tumor cell proliferation and viability. This has led to the development of pharmacological agents for anti-angiogenesis to disrupt the vascular supply and starve tumor of nutrients and oxygen, primarily through blockade of VEGF/VEGFR signaling. This effort has resulted in 11 anti-VEGF drugs approved for certain advanced cancers, alone or in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies. But this success had only limited impact on overall survival of cancer patients and rarely resulted in durable responses. Given the recent success of immunotherapies, combinations of anti-angiogenics with immune checkpoint blockers have become an attractive strategy. However, implementing such combinations will require a better mechanistic understanding of their interaction. Due to overexpression of pro-angiogenic factors in tumors, their vasculature is often tortuous and disorganized, with excessively branched leaky vessels. This enhances vascular permeability, which in turn is associated with high interstitial fluid pressure, and a reduction in blood perfusion and oxygenation. Judicious dosing of anti-angiogenic treatment can transiently normalize the tumor vasculature by decreasing vascular permeability and improving tumor perfusion and blood flow, and synergize with immunotherapy in this time window. However, anti-angiogenics may also excessively prune tumor vessels in a dose and time-dependent manner, which induces hypoxia and immunosuppression, including increased expression of the immune checkpoint programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1). This review focuses on revisiting the concept of anti-angiogenesis in combination with immunotherapy as a strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh R Ramjiawan
- E. L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom St, Cox-734, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan G Duda
- E. L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom St, Cox-734, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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11
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Angara K, Rashid MH, Shankar A, Ara R, Iskander A, Borin TF, Jain M, Achyut BR, Arbab AS. Vascular mimicry in glioblastoma following anti-angiogenic and anti-20-HETE therapies. Histol Histopathol 2016; 32:917-928. [PMID: 27990624 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one hypervascular and hypoxic tumor known among solid tumors. Antiangiogenic therapeutics (AATs) have been tested as an adjuvant to normalize blood vessels and control abnormal vasculature. Evidence of relapse exemplified in the progressive tumor growth following AAT reflects development of resistance to AATs. Here, we identified that GBM following AAT (Vatalanib) acquired an alternate mechanism to support tumor growth, called vascular mimicry (VM). We observed that Vatalanib induced VM vessels are positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) matrix but devoid of any endothelium on the inner side and lined by tumor cells on the outer-side. The PAS+ matrix is positive for basal laminae (laminin) indicating vascular structures. Vatalanib treated GBM displayed various stages of VM such as initiation (mosaic), sustenance, and full-blown VM. Mature VM structures contain red blood cells (RBC) and bear semblance to the functional blood vessel-like structures, which provide all growth factors to favor tumor growth. Vatalanib treatment significantly increased VM especially in the core of the tumor, where HIF-1α was highly expressed in tumor cells. VM vessels correlate with hypoxia and are characterized by co-localized MHC-1+ tumor and HIF-1α expression. Interestingly, 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 significantly decreased GBM tumors through decreasing VM structures both at the core and at periphery of the tumors. In summary, AAT induced resistance characterized by VM is an alternative mechanism adopted by tumors to make functional vessels by transdifferentiation of tumor cells into endothelial-like cells to supply nutrients in the event of hypoxia. AAT induced VM is a potential therapeutic target of the novel formulation of HET0016. Our present study suggests that HET0016 has a potential to target therapeutic resistance and can be combined with other antitumor agents in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Angara
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rashid
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Adarsh Shankar
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Asm Iskander
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Thaiz F Borin
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meenu Jain
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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12
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Ying M, Zhan C, Wang S, Yao B, Hu X, Song X, Zhang M, Wei X, Xiong Y, Lu W. Liposome-Based Systemic Glioma-Targeted Drug Delivery Enabled by All-d Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29977-29985. [PMID: 27797175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As the most aggressive brain tumor, chemotherapy of malignant glioma remains to be extremely challenging in clinic. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) are physiological and pathological barriers preventing therapeutic drugs from reaching the glioma region. In addition, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formed by invasive glioma cells instead of endothelial cells and angiogenesis are very common in glioma, leading to the poor prognosis and recurrence of glioma. An ideal drug delivery system for glioma chemotherapy needs to traverse the BBB and BBTB and then target VM, angiogenesis, and glioma cells. Herein we developed a liposome-based drug delivery system with the modification of proteolytically stable d-peptide ligands (dCDX/dA7R-LS). dCDX is a d-peptide ligand of nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) capable of circumventing the BBB, and dA7R is a d-peptide ligand of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) overexpressed on angiogenesis, VM, and glioma, presenting excellent glioma-homing property. dCDX/dA7R-LS could efficiently internalize into the brain capillary endothelial cells, glioma cells, tumor neovascular endothelial cells, and tumor spheroids and cross the in vitro BBB and BBTB models. Ex vivo imaging and in vivo immunofluorescence assays confirmed the superiority of dCDX/dA7R-LS in targeting intracranial glioma in comparison to plain liposomes or liposomes modified with an individual d-peptide ligand (either dCDX or dA7R). When loaded with doxorubicin, dCDX/dA7R-LS achieved the best antiglioma, antiangiogenesis, and anti-VM effects among all tested formulations. These results suggested that systemic glioma-targeted drug delivery enabled by all-d peptide ligands was promising for the antiglioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Songli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bingxin Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianfei Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Shao R, Taylor SL, Oh DS, Schwartz LM. Vascular heterogeneity and targeting: the role of YKL-40 in glioblastoma vascularization. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40507-18. [PMID: 26439689 PMCID: PMC4747349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioblastomas (GBM) are highly malignant brain tumors that have extensive and aberrant tumor vasculature, including multiple types of vessels. This review focuses on recent discoveries that the angiogenic factor YKL-40 (CHI3L1) acts on glioblastoma-stem like cells (GSCs) to drive the formation of two major forms of tumor vascularization: angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). GSCs possess multipotent cells able to transdifferentiate into vascular pericytes or smooth muscle cells (PC/SMCs) that either coordinate with endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate angiogenesis or assemble in the absence of ECs to form blood-perfused channels via VM. GBMs express high levels of YKL-40 that drives the divergent signaling cascades to mediate the formation of these distinct microvascular circulations. Although a variety of anti-tumor agents that target angiogenesis have demonstrated transient benefits for patients, they often fail to restrict tumor growth, which underscores the need for additional therapeutic tools. We propose that targeting YKL-40 may compliment conventional anti-angiogenic therapies to provide a substantial clinical benefit to patients with GBM and several other types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shao
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sherry L Taylor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis S Oh
- Department of Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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14
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Ju RJ, Zeng F, Liu L, Mu LM, Xie HJ, Zhao Y, Yan Y, Wu JS, Hu YJ, Lu WL. Destruction of vasculogenic mimicry channels by targeting epirubicin plus celecoxib liposomes in treatment of brain glioma. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1131-46. [PMID: 27042063 PMCID: PMC4809325 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s94467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy for brain glioma is restricted by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and surgery or radiotherapy cannot eliminate the glioma cells because of their unique location. Residual brain glioma cells can form vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels that can cause a recurrence of brain glioma. In the present study, targeting liposomes incorporating epirubicin and celecoxib were prepared and used for the treatment of brain glioma, along with the destruction of their VM channels. Evaluations were performed on the human brain glioma U87MG cells in vitro and on intracranial brain glioma-bearing nude mice. Targeting epirubicin plus celecoxib liposomes in the circulatory blood system were able to be transported across the BBB, and accumulated in the brain glioma region. Then, the liposomes were internalized by brain glioma cells and killed glioma cells by direct cytotoxic injury and the induction of apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis was related to the activation of caspase-8- and -3-signaling pathways, the activation of the proapoptotic protein Bax, and the suppression of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. The destruction of brain glioma VM channels was related to the downregulation of VM channel-forming indictors, which consisted of MMP-2, MMP-9, FAK, VE-Cad, and VEGF. The results demonstrated that the targeting epirubicin plus celecoxib liposomes were able to effectively destroy the glioma VM channels and exhibited significant efficacy in the treatment of intracranial glioma-bearing nude mice. Therefore, targeting epirubicin plus celecoxib liposomes could be a potential nanostructured formulation to treat gliomas and destroy their VM channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Shuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Liang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Glioma Stem Cells: Signaling, Microenvironment, and Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7849890. [PMID: 26880988 PMCID: PMC4736567 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7849890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains the most common and devastating primary brain tumor despite maximal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. The glioma stem cell (GSC) subpopulation has been identified in glioblastoma and likely plays a key role in resistance of these tumors to conventional therapies as well as recurrent disease. GSCs are capable of self-renewal and differentiation; glioblastoma-derived GSCs are capable of de novo tumor formation when implanted in xenograft models. Further, GSCs possess unique surface markers, modulate characteristic signaling pathways to promote tumorigenesis, and play key roles in glioma vascular formation. These features, in addition to microenvironmental factors, present possible targets for specifically directing therapy against the GSC population within glioblastoma. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge of GSC biology and function and the role of GSCs in new vascular formation within glioblastoma and discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target GSCs.
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16
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Liu Y, Mei L, Xu C, Yu Q, Shi K, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, He Q. Dual Receptor Recognizing Cell Penetrating Peptide for Selective Targeting, Efficient Intratumoral Diffusion and Synthesized Anti-Glioma Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:177-91. [PMID: 26877777 PMCID: PMC4729767 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) were widely used for drug delivery to tumor. However, the nonselective in vivo penetration greatly limited the application of CPPs-mediated drug delivery systems. And the treatment of malignant tumors is usually followed by poor prognosis and relapse due to the existence of extravascular core regions of tumor. Thus it is important to endue selective targeting and stronger intratumoral diffusion abilities to CPPs. In this study, an RGD reverse sequence dGR was conjugated to a CPP octa-arginine to form a CendR (R/KXXR/K) motif contained tandem peptide R8-dGR (RRRRRRRRdGR) which could bind to both integrin αvβ3 and neuropilin-1 receptors. The dual receptor recognizing peptide R8-dGR displayed increased cellular uptake and efficient penetration ability into glioma spheroids in vitro. The following in vivo studies indicated the active targeting and intratumoral diffusion capabilities of R8-dGR modified liposomes. When paclitaxel was loaded in the liposomes, PTX-R8-dGR-Lip induced the strongest anti-proliferation effect on both tumor cells and cancer stem cells, and inhibited the formation of vasculogenic mimicry channels in vitro. Finally, the R8-dGR liposomal drug delivery system prolonged the medium survival time of intracranial C6 bearing mice by 2.1-fold compared to the untreated group, and achieved an exhaustive anti-glioma therapy including anti-tumor cells, anti-vasculogenic mimicry and anti-brain cancer stem cells. To sum up, all the results demonstrated that R8-dGR was an ideal dual receptor recognizing CPP with selective glioma targeting and efficient intratumoral diffusion, which could be further used to equip drug delivery system for effective glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Liu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Mei
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- 2. Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 51, Block 4, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kairong Shi
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Wang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huile Gao
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin He
- 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Feng X, Yao J, Gao X, Jing Y, Kang T, Jiang D, Jiang T, Feng J, Zhu Q, Jiang X, Chen J. Multi-targeting Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles Recognized Vasculogenic Mimicry, Tumor Neovasculature, and Glioma Cells for Enhanced Anti-glioma Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27885-27899. [PMID: 26619329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy failure of glioma, the most aggressive and devastating cancer, might be ascribed to the physiologic barriers of the tumor mainly including heterogeneous tumor perfusion and vascular permeability, which result in a limited penetration of chemotherapeutics. Besides, the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, which are highly resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy and serve as a complement of angiogenesis, were abound in glioma and always associated with tumor recurrence. In order to enhance the therapy effect of anti-glioma, we developed a PEG-PLA-based nanodrug delivery system (nanoparticles, NP) in this study and modified its surface with CK peptide, which was composed of a human sonic hedgehog (SHH) targeting peptide (CVNHPAFAC) and a KDR targeting peptide (K237) through a GYG linker, for facilitating efficient VM channels, tumor neovasculature, and glioma cells multi-targeting delivery of paclitaxel. In vitro cellular assay showed that CK-NP-PTX not only exhibited the strongest antiproliferation effect on U87MG cells and HUVEC cells but also resulted in the most efficient destruction of VM channels when compared with CVNHPAFAC-NP, K237-NP, and the unmodified ones. Besides, CK-NP accumulated more selectively at the glioma site as demonstrated by in vivo and ex vivo imaging. As expected, the glioma-bearing mice treated with CK-NP-PTX achieved the longest median survival time compared to those treated with CVNHPAFAC-NP-PTX and K237-NP-PTX. These findings indicated that the multi-targeting therapy mediated by CK peptide might provide a promising way for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Feng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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18
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Liu Y, Mei L, Yu Q, Xu C, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Shi K, Zhang Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, He Q. Multifunctional Tandem Peptide Modified Paclitaxel-Loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Vasculogenic Mimicry and Cancer Stem Cells in Malignant Glioma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16792-16801. [PMID: 26173814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapy of aggressive glioma is usually accompanied by a poor prognosis because of the formation of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs). VM provided a transporting pathway for nutrients and blood to the extravascular regions of the tumor, and BCSCs were always related to drug resistance and the relapse of glioma. Thus, it is important to evaluate the inhibition effect of antiglioma drug delivery systems on both VM and BCSCs. In this study, paclitaxel-loaded liposomes modified with a multifunctional tandem peptide R8-c(RGD) (R8-c(RGD)-Lip) were used for the treatment of glioma. An in vitro cellular uptake study proved the strongest targeting ability to be that of R8-c(RGD)-Lip to glioma stem cells. Drug loaded R8-c(RGD)-Lip exhibited an efficient antiproliferation effect on BCSCs and could induce the destruction of VM channels in vitro. The following pharmacodynamics study demonstrated that R8-c(RGD)-modified drug-loaded liposomes achieved both anti-VM and anti-BCSC effects in vivo. Finally, no significant cytotoxicity of the blood system or major organs of the drug-loaded liposomes was observed under treatment dosage in the safety evaluation. In conclusion, all of the results proved that R8-c(RGD)-Lip was a safe and efficient antiglioma drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Liu
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Mei
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- ‡Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 51, Block 4, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kairong Shi
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huile Gao
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin He
- †Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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Cui L, Xu S, Song Z, Zhao G, Liu X, Song Y. Pituitary tumor transforming gene: a novel therapeutic target for glioma treatment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:414-21. [PMID: 25908389 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma which has strong proliferation and angiogenesis ability is the most common and malignant primary tumor in central nervous system. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is found in pituitary tumor, and plays important role in cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis. However, the role of PTTG in glioma is still incompletely investigated. Here, we explored the correlation between PTTG and glioma grade, as well as micro-vessel density (MVD). In addition, siRNA was used to silence PTTG expression in glioma cell lines including U87MG, U251, and SHG44. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis were studied both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that PTTG expression was significantly up-regulated in glioma, and had positive correlation with glioma grade and MVD. Silencing of PTTG inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration/invasion, and angiogenesis, induced cell apoptosis, suppressed cell invasion, and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 stage. Silencing of PTTG could also inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis in vivo. Our data indicated that PTTG might be a potential target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Songbai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhengmao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuwen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Glioblastoma vasculogenic mimicry: signaling pathways progression and potential anti-angiogenesis targets. Biomark Res 2015; 3:8. [PMID: 26085929 PMCID: PMC4469398 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-015-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly angiogenic malignancy that is resistant to standard therapy; neo-formed vessels of this aggressive malignancy are thought to arise by sprouting of pre-existing brain capillaries. However, the conventional anti-angiogenic therapy, which seemed promising initially, shows transitory and incomplete efficacy. The discovery of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has offered a new horizon for understanding tumor vascularization. VM is a tumor cell-constituted, matrix-embedded fluid-conducting meshwork that is independent of endothelial cells and is positively correlated with poor prognosis. Therefore, a better understanding of GBM vasculature is needed to optimize anti-angiogenic therapy. This review focuses on the signaling molecules and cascades involved in VM in relation to ongoing glioma research, as well as the clinical translational advances in GBM that have been offered by the development of optimized anti-angiogenesis treatment modalities.
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Ling GQ, Liu YJ, Ke YQ, Chen L, Jiang XD, Jiang CL, Ye W. All-trans retinoic acid impairs the vasculogenic mimicry formation ability of U87 stem-like cells through promoting differentiation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:165-72. [PMID: 25760394 PMCID: PMC4438921 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor therapeutic effect of traditional antiangiogenic therapy on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) may be attributed to vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which was previously reported to be promoted by cancer stem-like cells (SLCs). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent reagent which drives differentiation, was reported to be able to eradicate cancer SLCs in certain malignancies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ATRA on the VM formation ability of U87 glioblastoma SLCs. The expression of cancer SLC markers CD133 and nestin was detected using immunocytochemistry in order to identify U87 SLCs. In addition, the differentiation of these SLCs was observed through detecting the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), β-tubulin III and galactosylceramidase (Galc) using immunofluorescent staining. The results showed that the expression levels of GFAP, β-tubulin III and Galc were upregulated following treatment with ATRA in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ATRA significantly reduced the proliferation, invasiveness, tube formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion of U87 SLCs. In conclusion, the VM formation ability of SLCs was found to be negatively correlated with differentiation. These results therefore suggested that ATRA may serve as a promising novel agent for the treatment of GBM due to its role in reducing VM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Qiang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Quan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Lu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Luan YY, Liu ZM, Zhong JY, Yao RY, Yu HS. Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Tumor Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:531-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Song Y, Mu L, Han X, Liu X, Fu S. siRNA targeting stathmin inhibits invasion and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of stem cells derived from glioma cell lines. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:1034-40. [PMID: 25348735 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most highly angiogenic tumors, and glioma stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as recurrence after operation. Stathmin is substantial for mitosis and plays an important role in proliferation and migration of glioma-derived endothelial cells. However, the relationship between stathmin and GSCs is incompletely understood. Here we isolated GSCs from glioma cell lines U87MG and U251, and then used siRNA targeting stathmin for silencing. We showed that silencing of stathmin suppressed the proliferation, increased the apoptosis rate, and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase in GSCs. Silencing of stathmin in GSCs also resulted in inhibited the migration/invasion as well as the capability of vasculogenic mimicry. The susceptibility of GSCs to temozolomide was also enhanced by stathmin silencing. Our findings suggest stathmin as a potential target in GSCs for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Luyan Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuezhe Han
- Neurosurgery and Vascular Biology Program, Children's Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Department of Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Liang Y, Huang M, Li J, Sun X, Jiang X, Li L, Ke Y. Curcumin inhibits vasculogenic mimicry through the downregulation of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma-A2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1849-1855. [PMID: 25202424 PMCID: PMC4156232 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumors found in humans. In high-grade gliomas, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is often detected. VM is the formation of de novo vascular networks by highly invasive tumor cells, instead of endothelial cells. An understanding of the mechanisms of VM formation will contribute to the targeted therapy of GBMs. In the present study, the efficacy of curcumin (CCM) on VM formation and its mechanisms were investigated. It was found that CCM inhibits the VM formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioma U251 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CCM downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma-A2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2, indicating that CCM may function through these factors for the inhibition of VM formation. These data provide novel insights into the use of CCM to antagonize VM, and may contribute to the angiogenesis-targeted therapy of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China ; Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China ; Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Neurosurgery Department of Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529030, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China ; Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China ; Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China ; Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510200, P.R. China
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Sai K, Li WY, Chen YS, Wang J, Guan S, Yang QY, Guo CC, Mou YG, Li WP, Chen ZP. Triptolide Synergistically Enhances Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis and Potentiates Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in Glioma Initiating Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:485-503. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal solid cancer in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent but the efficacy is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance in GBM. Triptolide (TPL), a derivative from traditional Chinese medicine, demonstrated anti-tumor activity. In this study, we explored the interaction of TPL and TMZ in glioma-initiating cells (GICs) and the potential mechanism. A GIC line (GIC-1) was successfully established. Cell viability of GIC-1 after treatment was measured using a CCK-8 assay. The interaction between TPL and TMZ was calculated from Chou–Talalay equations and isobologram. Self-renewal was evaluated with tumor sphere formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed with flow cytometry and western blot. Luciferase assay was employed to measure NF-κB transcriptional activity. The expression of NF-κB downstream genes, NF-κB nuclear translocalization and phoshorylation of IκBα and p65 were evaluated using western blot. We found that GIC-1 cells were resistant to TMZ, with the expected IC50 of 705.7 μmol/L. Co-treatment with TPL yielded a more than three-fold dose reduction of TMZ. TPL significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and suppressed the tumor sphere formation when combined with TMZ. Phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 coupled with NF-κB nuclear translocalization were notably inhibited after a combined treatment. Co-incubation synergistically repressed NF-κB transcriptional activity and downstream gene expression. TPL sensitizes GICs to TMZ by synergistically enhancing apoptosis, which is likely resulting from the augmented repression of NF-κB signaling. TPL is therefore a potential chemosensitizer in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yu Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518029, China
| | - Yin-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su Guan
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qun-Ying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Gao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518029, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Mak AB, Schnegg C, Lai CY, Ghosh S, Yang MH, Moffat J, Hsu MY. CD133-targeted niche-dependent therapy in cancer: a multipronged approach. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1256-62. [PMID: 24589338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment continues to be challenged by the development of therapeutic resistances and relapses in the clinical setting, which are largely attributed to tumor heterogeneity, particularly the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, targeting the CSC subpopulation may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. However, despite advances in identifying and characterizing CD133(+) CSCs in various human cancers, efforts to translate these experimental findings to clinical modalities have been slow in the making, especially in light of the growing awareness of CSC plasticity and the foreseeable pitfall of therapeutically targeting CSC base sorely on a surface marker. We, and others, have demonstrated that the CD133(+) CSCs reside in complex vascular niches, where reciprocal signaling between the CD133(+) CSCs and their microenvironment may govern niche morphogenesis and homeostasis. Herein, we discuss the multifaceted functional role of the CD133(+) cells in the context of their niche, and the potential of targeting CD133 as a niche-dependent approach in effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Mak
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Schnegg
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chiou-Yan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moon Hee Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Moffat
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mei-Yu Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Chung HJ, Mahalingam M. Angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry and vascular invasion in cutaneous malignant melanoma – implications for therapeutic strategies and targeted therapies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:621-39. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.883281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Zhang H, Wu H, Zheng J, Yu P, Xu L, Jiang P, Gao J, Wang H, Zhang Y. Transforming growth factor β1 signal is crucial for dedifferentiation of cancer cells to cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma. Stem Cells 2014; 31:433-46. [PMID: 23225703 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma harbors a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that is believed to be associated with tumor metastasis, radioresistance/chemoresistance, local invasion, and poor clinical outcome. In this study, we found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling and a hypoxic environment dramatically induced self-renewal capacity in non-stem osteosarcoma cells, which in turn promoted chemoresistance, tumorigenicity, neovasculogenesis, and metastatic potential. Furthermore, blocking the TGF-β1 signaling pathway resulted in the inhibition of the dedifferentiation and clonogenicity of osteosarcoma cells, and the reduction of CSC self-renewal capacity and hypoxia-mediated dedifferentiation. These findings demonstrate that stem cells and non-stem cells exist in a dynamic equilibrium within the osteosarcoma cell population, and that CSCs may develop de novo from differentiated cancer cells. Hierarchical models of mammalian CSCs, therefore, should be considered to serve as bidirectional interconversion between the stem and non-stem cell components of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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29
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Song Y, Mu L, Han X, Li Q, Dong B, Li H, Liu X. MicroRNA-9 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry of glioma cell lines by suppressing Stathmin expression. J Neurooncol 2013; 115:381-90. [PMID: 24043603 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of microRNA-9, which is a tissue-specific microRNA in central nervous system, in the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of glioma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Glioma cell lines U87MG, U251 and SHG44 were transfected with microRNA-9 mimic, microRNA-9 inhibitor or scramble sequences. The amount of microRNA-9 and Stathmin (STMN1) mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, and the protein expression of STMN1 was determined by western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. The interactions between the 3'UTR of STMN1 and miR-9 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. The VM capacity in vitro was evaluated using VM formation assay, and the rescue experiment of STMN1 was carried out in U251 cells. The in vivo experiment was applied with animal models implanted with U87MG cells.MicroRNA-9 mimic transfection reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in glioma cell lines (p < 0.05). MicroRNA-9 mimic up-regulated STMN1 mRNA levels but reduced its protein levels (p < 0.05), and luciferase activity of STMN1 was suppressed by microRNA-9 mimic transfection (p < 0.05). Furthermore, microRNA-9 mimic transfection suppressed tumor volume growth, as well as VM both in vitro and in vivo. The cell viability and microtube density were upregulated in U251 cells after STMN1 up-regulation (p < 0.05). STMN1 is a target of microRNA-9, and microRNA-9 could modulate cell proliferation, VM and tumor volume growth through controlling STMN1 expression. MicroRNA-9 and its targets may represent a novel panel of molecules for the development of glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
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30
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Soda Y, Myskiw C, Rommel A, Verma IM. Mechanisms of neovascularization and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies in glioblastoma multiforme. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:439-48. [PMID: 23512266 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and highly resistant to intensive combination therapies. GBM is one of the most vascularized tumors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) produced by tumor cells is a major factor regulating angiogenesis. Successful results of preclinical studies of anti-angiogenic therapies using xenograft mouse models of human GBM cell lines encouraged clinical studies of anti-angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab (Avastin), an anti-VEGF antibody. However, these clinical studies have shown that most patients become resistant to anti-VEGF therapy after an initial response. Recent studies have revealed some resistance mechanisms against anti-VEGF therapies involved in several types of cancer. In this review, we address mechanisms of angiogenesis, including unique features in GBMs, and resistance to anti-VEGF therapies frequently observed in GBM. Enhanced invasiveness is one such resistance mechanism and recent works report the contribution of activated MET signaling induced by inhibition of VEGF signaling. On the other hand, tumor cell-originated neovascularization including tumor-derived endothelial cell-induced angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry has been suggested to be involved in the resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Therefore, these mechanisms should be targeted in addition to anti-angiogenic therapies to achieve better results for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Soda
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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31
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Transdifferentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells into mural cells drives vasculogenic mimicry in glioblastomas. J Neurosci 2012; 32:12950-60. [PMID: 22973019 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2017-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) can transdifferentiate into endothelial cells and vascular-like tumor cells. The latter pattern of vascularization indicates an alternative microvascular circulation known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM). However, it remains to be clarified how the GSC-driven VM makes a significant contribution to tumor vasculature. Here, we investigated 11 cases of glioblastomas and found that most of them consisted of blood-perfused vascular channels that coexpress mural cell markers smooth muscle α-actin and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk-1), but not CD31 or VE-cadherin. This microvasculature coexisted with endothelial cell-associated vessels. GSCs derived from patients with glioblastomas developed vigorous mural cell-associated vascular channels but few endothelial cell vessels in orthotopic animal models. Suppression of Flk-1 activity and gene expression abrogated GSC transdifferentiation and vascularization in vitro, and inhibited VM in animal models. This study establishes mural-like tumor cells differentiated from GSCs as a significant contributor to microvasculature of glioblastoma and points to Flk-1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention that could complement current anti-angiogenic treatment.
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32
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Chen LT, Xu SD, Xu H, Zhang JF, Ning JF, Wang SF. MicroRNA-378 is associated with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis by promoting cell migration, invasion and tumor angiogenesis. Med Oncol 2012; 29:1673-80. [PMID: 22052152 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Brain metastasis (BM) can affect about 25% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients during their lifetime. Efforts to characterize patients that will develop BM have been disappointing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in regulating a variety of targets and, consequently, multiple pathways, which make them a powerful tool for early detection of disease, risk assessment and prognosis. In this study, using RT-PCR and further northern blot validation, we confirmed that miR-378 was significantly differentially expressed in the matched NSCLC from 8 patients with BM and 21 without BM. Our study showed evidences that miR-378 is associated with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis by promoting cell migration, invasion and tumor angiogenesis. MiR-378 may be a potential biomarker for characterizing non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis and assisting clinicians in stratifying the high-risk patients on a clinical trial for either prophylactic cranial irradiation or a new intervention that may mitigate BM development, ultimately leading to a new standard of care for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-tao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No 23 You-zheng Street, Nan-gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Mechanisms of glioma-associated neovascularization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1126-41. [PMID: 22858156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, are characterized by resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the defining characteristics of GBM is an abundant and aberrant vasculature. The processes of vascular co-option, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis in gliomas have been extensively described. Recently, however, it has become clear that these three processes are not the only mechanisms by which neovascularization occurs in gliomas. Furthermore, it seems that these processes interact extensively, with potential overlap among them. At least five mechanisms by which gliomas achieve neovascularization have been described: vascular co-option, angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, vascular mimicry, and (the most recently described) glioblastoma-endothelial cell transdifferentiation. We review these mechanisms in glioma neovascularization, with a particular emphasis on the roles of hypoxia and glioma stem cells in each process. Although some of these processes are well established, others have been identified only recently and will need to be further investigated for complete validation. We also review strategies to target glioma neovascularization and the development of resistance to these therapeutic strategies. Finally, we describe how these complex processes interlink and overlap. A thorough understanding of the contributing molecular processes that control the five modalities reviewed here should help resolve the treatment resistance that characterizes GBMs.
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Francescone R, Scully S, Bentley B, Yan W, Taylor SL, Oh D, Moral L, Shao R. Glioblastoma-derived tumor cells induce vasculogenic mimicry through Flk-1 protein activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24821-31. [PMID: 22654102 PMCID: PMC3397909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.334540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is extremely aggressive and essentially incurable. Its malignancy is characterized by vigorous microvascular proliferations. Recent evidence has shown that tumor cells display the ability to drive blood-perfused vasculogenic mimicry (VM), an alternative microvascular circulation independent of endothelial cell angiogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this vascular pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we found that vascular channels of VM in GBM were composed of mural-like tumor cells that strongly express VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1). To explore a potential role of Flk-1 in the vasculogenesis, we investigated two glioblastoma cell lines U87 and GSDC, both of which express Flk-1 and exhibit a vascular phenotype on Matrigel. Treatment of both cell lines with either Flk-1 gene knockdown or Flk-1 kinase inhibitor SU1498 abrogated Flk-1 activity and impaired vascular function. Furthermore, inhibition of Flk-1 activity suppressed intracellular signaling cascades, including focal adhesion kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2. In contrast, blockade of VEGF activity by the neutralizing antibody Bevacizumab failed to recapitulate the impact of SU1498, suggesting that Flk-1-mediated VM is independent of VEGF. Xenotransplantation of SCID/Beige mice with U87 cells and GSDCs gave rise to tumors harboring robust mural cell-associated vascular channels. Flk-1 shRNA restrained VM in tumors and subsequently inhibited tumor development. Collectively, all the data demonstrate a central role of Flk-1 in the formation of VM in GBM. This study has shed light on molecular mechanisms mediating tumor aggressiveness and also provided a therapeutic target for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Francescone
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Steve Scully
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Brooke Bentley
- the Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199
| | - Wei Yan
- the Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199
| | | | | | - Luis Moral
- Pathology, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199, and
| | - Rong Shao
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
- the Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199
- the Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Modulation of tumor tolerance in primary central nervous system malignancies. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:937253. [PMID: 22312408 PMCID: PMC3270544 DOI: 10.1155/2012/937253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors take advantage of the unique immunology of the CNS and develop exquisitely complex stromal networks that promote growth despite the presence of antigen-presenting cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. It is precisely this immunological paradox that is essential to the survival of the tumor. We review the evidence for functional CNS immune privilege and the impact it has on tumor tolerance. In this paper, we place an emphasis on the role of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in maintaining stromal and vascular quiescence, and we underscore the importance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity as a myeloid-driven tumor tolerance mechanism. Much remains to be discovered regarding the tolerogenic mechanisms by which CNS tumors avoid immune clearance. Thus, it is an open question whether tumor tolerance in the brain is fundamentally different from that of peripheral sites of tumorigenesis or whether it simply stands as a particularly strong example of such tolerance.
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