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Belachew EB, Desta AF, Mulu A, Deneke DB, Tefera DA, Alemu A, Anberber E, Beshah D, Girma S, Sewasew DT, Tessema TS, Howe R. High rate of high-risk human papillomavirus among benign and breast cancer patients in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298583. [PMID: 38507429 PMCID: PMC10954173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been numerous studies that showed the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer; nonetheless, there is ongoing debate regarding their association. Given few studies in Ethiopia, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of HPV infection in Ethiopian breast cancer patients. METHODS A total of 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks were obtained, and basic demographic, clinical, and histological data were collected from medical records. DNA was extracted from archived FFPE breast tissue specimens using GeneRead DNA FFPE Kit. The AnyplexTM II HPV28 Detection Kit (Seegene, Korea) was used to detect HPV by following the manufacturer's instructions. The SPSS Version 25 was used to enter and analyze data. RESULTS Among the 120 study participants; HPV (both high-risk and low-risk) was detected in 20.6% of breast cancer and 29.6% of non-malignant breast tumors. The most common genotype was the high-risk HPV 16 genotype. The frequency of HPV was nearly 10-fold higher in estrogen receptor-positive than ER-negative breast cancer. The percentage of HPV in the luminal (luminal A and luminal B) breast cancer subtypes was also much higher than in the non-luminal subtypes (HER-2 enriched and triple-negative breast cancer). CONCLUSION This study did not find a significant difference in HPV expression between breast cancer and non-malignant breast tumors; however, the higher percentage of HPV in ER-positive compared to ER-negative breast cancer warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmael Besufikad Belachew
- Biology Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adey Feleke Desta
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Ashenafi Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endale Anberber
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Beshah
- Department of Diagnostic Laboratory, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Selfu Girma
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Karachalios C, Petousis S, Margioula-Siarkou C, Dinas K. Human papillomaviruses and breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:75. [PMID: 38192655 PMCID: PMC10773228 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and BC is debatable. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV DNA in malignant breast tumors. An extensive search of the PubMed and SCOPUS databases was carried out for case-control studies published between January 1, 2003 and January 7, 2023, which compared HPV DNA detection in breast tissue specimens of female patients with BC and women with absent or benign breast disorders. Once the initial title/abstract screening was completed by two independent investigators, the full texts of the included studies from that stage were reviewed by the aforementioned investigators to determine if they should be included in the present study. Data extraction was independently conducted by two investigators. A third investigator was consulted to resolve disagreements through free discussion. MedCalc was used for quantitative synthesis. The significance of association was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated using the random-effects model. A total of 23 primary studies, including 3,243 subjects (2,027 patients and 1,216 controls), were eligible for quantitative analysis. HPV prevalence in patients with BC and controls was 21.95 and 8.96%, respectively. The prevalence of HPV differed significantly between the two groups (OR 3.83; 95% CI 2.03-7.25; P<0.01). Heterogeneity among studies was quantified using the I2 index which was 69.57% (95% CI 51.89-80.75). The risk of bias was assessed using an appropriate tool contributed by the CLARITY Group at McMaster University. Seven studies had a low risk of bias, 15 studies had a moderate risk of bias and only one study had a serious risk of bias. These results reinforce the hypothesis that HPV is involved in BC development and progression, indicating a possible role of HPV vaccination in BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Karachalios
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
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Awan UA, Khattak AA, Ahmed N, Guo X, Akhtar S, Kamran S, Yongjing Z, Liu J, Khan S. An updated systemic review and meta-analysis on human papillomavirus in breast carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219161. [PMID: 37711194 PMCID: PMC10498127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast Cancer (BC) stands out as the widely prevalent malignancy among all the types of cancer affecting women worldwide. There is significant evidence that the pathogenicity of BC may be altered by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection; however, conclusive data are not yet available. Methods By searching five databases, including EMBASE, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, a thorough systematic analysis was conducted on the prevalence of HPV in BC patients from 1990 to June 30, 2022. After applying extensive eligibility criteria, we selected 74 publications for further analysis based on the prevalence of HPV infections in breast tissues. All of the data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, Cochran Q test and I2 statistic were used to calculate the heterogeneity of the prevalence among these studies using subgroup analysis. Variations in the HPV prevalence estimates in different subgroups were evaluated by subgroup meta-analysis. Results In total, 3156 studies were initially screened, resulting in 93 full-text studies reviewed, with 74 meeting inclusion criteria. Among a total of 7156 BC biopsies, the pool prevalence of HPV was 25.6% (95% CI= 0.24-0.33, τ2 = 0.0369 with significant heterogeneity between estimates (I 2 = 97% and p< 0.01). Consequently, 45 studies with available controls were further studied, and the prevalence of HPV in case-control studies was 26.2% with overall odds 5.55 (95% CI= 3.67-8.41, I 2 = 38%, τ2 = 1.4878, p< 0.01). Further subgroup analysis of HPV revealed HPV-16 had a maximum prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI= 3.06-11.86, I 2 = 0%, τ2 = 0.6111, p< 0.01). Among different geographical regions, Europe reported the maximum prevalence of HPV, i.e., 39.2% (95% CI=1.29-7.91, I 2 = 18%, τ2 = 1.2911, p< 0.01). Overall distribution showed HPV-18 was a frequent HPV subtype reported in Australia. Conclusion Current study provides a global estimate of HPV prevalence in BC patients and demonstrates a significant association between this virus and BC etiology. Nevertheless, we recommend further investigation into the underlying mechanism is essential to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ayub Awan
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Khattak
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Noman Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shehrish Kamran
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zhao Yongjing
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children’s Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Usman M, Hameed Y, Ahmad M, Jalil Ur Rehman, Ahmed H, Hussain MS, Asif R, Murtaza MG, Jawad MT, Iqbal MJ. Breast Cancer Risk and Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Bradford Hill Criteria Based Evaluation. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e200122200389. [PMID: 35048811 DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220120105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and human breast cancer (BC) has already been thoroughly studied worldwide with contradictory findings. Although the researchers have tried to minimize the conflict using statistical meta-analysis, because of its shortcomings, there is still a need to evaluate the correlation between HPV and BC using any additional method. OBJECTIVES This study was launched to investigate the correlation between HPV and BC through the application of Bradford Hill criteria postulates. METHODS Population-wide studies associating HPV with BC were searched using the PubMed database. Then, the information of HPV burden in BC, normal/benign samples was analyzed, and ultimately Bradford Hill criteria postulates were applied on the collected evidence to explore the relationship between HPV and BC. In addition, to make the outcomes more authentic, we also reviewed the methodologies of previous studies to address the propensity of false results. RESULTS After a careful evaluation of the obtained data against major Bradford Hill criteria postulates, it was noted that all these postulates including strength, consistency, biological gradient, temporality, plausibility, experiment, specificity, and analogy were not fulfilled. CONCLUSION The results of the present study have failed to establish a casual association between HPV and BC rather suggested HPV as a cause-effective agent or at least a co-participant in the pathogenesis of BC. The weakness of association especially the low level of consistency across studies, and the lack of specificity of effect, there is a need for more experiments concerning Bradford Hill criteria postulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jalil Ur Rehman
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Ahmed
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Asif
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Human Papillomavirus in Breast Carcinogenesis: A Passenger, a Cofactor, or a Causal Agent? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080804. [PMID: 34440036 PMCID: PMC8389583 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent tumor in women worldwide. A minority of BC patients have a family history of the disease, suggesting the importance of environmental and lifestyle factors. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been detected in a subset of tumors, suggesting a potential role in BC. In this review, we summarized relevant information in respect to this topic and we propose a model of HPV-mediated breast carcinogenesis. Evidence suggests that breast tissue is accessible to HPV, which may be a causal agent of BC in a subset of cases. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide as well as the leading cause of cancer-related death in this gender. Studies have identified that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a potential risk factor for BC development. While vaccines that protect against oncogenic HPVs infection have been commercially available, global disparities persist due to their high cost. Interestingly, numerous authors have detected an increased high risk (HR)-HPV infection in BC specimens when compared with non-tumor tissues. Therefore, it was suggested that HR-HPV infection could play a role in breast carcinogenesis in a subset of cases. Additional epidemiological and experimental evidence is still needed regarding the role of HR-HPV infection in the development and progression of BC.
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Metwally SA, Abo-Shadi MA, Abdel Fattah NF, Barakat AB, Rabee OA, Osman AM, Helal AM, Hashem T, Moneer MM, Chehadeh W, Loutfy SA. Presence of HPV, EBV and HMTV Viruses Among Egyptian Breast Cancer Women: Molecular Detection and Clinical Relevance. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2327-2339. [PMID: 34188499 PMCID: PMC8236253 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s313219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogenic viruses, their possible association with breast cancer (BC) and effect on its clinical course are interesting issue. The present study evaluates the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), and human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) in BC and their relation with clinico-pathological characteristics. Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 80 Egyptian women with BC and 30 control women without known oncological disease. Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, forty fresh tissue samples, and white blood cells (WBCs) of BC patients and WBCs of controls were subjected to a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure viral loads in fresh tissues of BC. The result was correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics of BC. Results HPV was detected in 33 (41.25%), EBV in 30 (37.5%) and HMTV in 33 (41.25%) BC patients. None of the control women was positive for HPV or EBV while HMTV was detected in 7 (23.3%). Among 40 BC WBCs specimens, HPV/HMTV were found together in 25%, followed by EBV/HMTV in 2.5% and EBV/HPV in 2.5%. However, the three viruses (HPV/EBV/HMTV) were found together in only 5%. In the 40 fresh BC tissues, the three viruses were found together in 12 (30%), EBV/HMTV in 7 (17.5%), HPV/HMTV in 4 (10%), and HPV/EBV in 4 (10%). EBV, HMTV, or multiple viral infections were associated with younger age of BC women. HPV, EBV, and HMTV median loads in fresh tissues were 4.8×103 copies/μL, 6.3×103 copies/μL, and 97 copies/μL, respectively. Conclusion WBCs could be a more suitable specimen instead of fresh tissue for HMTV detection in BC patients to avoid invasive procedures. The presence of HPV, EBV, and HMTV together in Egyptian women with BC was significantly associated with younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Metwally
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Abo-Shadi
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasra F Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Barakat
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar A Rabee
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Osman
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M Helal
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Hashem
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar M Moneer
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wassim Chehadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Nanotechnology Research Center, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
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Islam MS, Chakraborty B, Panda CK. Human papilloma virus (HPV) profiles in breast cancer: future management. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:650. [PMID: 32566587 PMCID: PMC7290605 DOI: 10.21037/atm-19-2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is frequent among women in worldwide as well as in India. Several studies have reported a wide variation (1.6–86.2%) in the frequency of incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in BC with high prevalence of high risk HPV16 subtype. HPV infection in breast can occur through different routes like body fluid or by micro-lesion of breast skin from genital/agential sites, though the actual mode of HPV transmission is not yet known in details. Frequent integration and sequence variation with low copy number of HPV16 were seen in this tumour. In addition, high frequencies of methylation in p97 promoter region of HPV16 were evident in this tumour. Novel splice variants of E6/E7 along with other common variants and their protein expression were seen in the tumour. This indicates the importance of HPV in this tumor, its early diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, HPV may be targeted through vaccination to control the disease. However, detailed analysis of HPV associated molecular pathogenesis of BC is warranted for proper therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saimul Islam
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Balarko Chakraborty
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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8
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Ren C, Zeng K, Wu C, Mu L, Huang J, Wang M. Human papillomavirus infection increases the risk of breast carcinoma: a large-scale systemic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Gland Surg 2019; 8:486-500. [PMID: 31741879 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast carcinoma (BC) is a cancer with a high morbidity rate, but the mechanisms by which it develops are never clear. There has been speculation regarding the potential relationships between breast cancer and local HPV infections for some time, and although much clinical research supports this hypothesis, some research results disprove the association. Therefore, the association is still inconclusive. Methods We performed the data collection by searching the database PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science. In addition, 22 sites were added manually. After carefully selection, the pooled odds rate of 37 included case control studies was calculated. Subgroup analysis, publication bias and trim & fill analysis were conducted to make the result more reliable. Results The analysis of 37 case control studies containing 3,607 BC cases and 1,728 controls showed obviously increase of BC risk with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive [summary odds ratio (SOR) =6.22, 95% confidence interval 4.25 to 9.12; P=0.0002]. Subgroup analysis proved three high risk HPV types (HPV16, 18 and 33) were positively correlated to BC. Conclusions This systemic review and meta-analysis provide the evidence for HPV infection as a potential risk factor in BC, while the mechanism of this hypothesis still needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutong Ren
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Chujun Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Lan Mu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Jiangsheng Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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Balci FL, Uras C, Feldman SM. Is human papillomavirus associated with breast cancer or papilloma presenting with pathologic nipple discharge? Cancer Treat Res Commun 2019; 19:100122. [PMID: 30785026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2019.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are little data on the presence or interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) in intraductal papilloma or Breast cancer (BC) presenting with pathologic nipple discharge (PND). The study aimed to determine whether the HPV-genotypes are identifiable in papilloma or carcinoma of the breast by real-time PCR with broad-spectrum genotyping. METHODS Formalin-fixed-paraffin-blocks obtained from the patients who were suffering from PND and underwent ductoscopic papilloma extraction (n = 27) or segmental/total mastectomy for cancer diagnosis (n = 18). HPV-DNAs were identified by PCR with broad-spectrum genotyping. Mc Nemar test was used to compare cancer-involved cases to normal-adjacent tissue concerning HPV positivity. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the association for receptor status in HPV positive cancer-involved cases. RESULTS The mean age (±SD) was 49 ± 16 in papilloma and 52 ± 14 in BC patients, respectively. We found high prevalence of HPV in papilloma and carcinoma: 29.6% (n = 8) and 44.4% (n = 8), respectively. The most common type identified in breast lesions was HPV-11, and the others were HPV- 6, -11, -39, and -82. Cancer-involved samples were more contaminated by HPV in comparison to normal-adjacent tissues (p = 0.016). In HPV positive cancer-involved cases, hormone receptors were found to be more positive than HER2-Neu (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HPV might be a causative agent for the development of papilloma and carcinoma of the breast in some cases presenting with PND. HPV positive breast cancers are more likely to be hormone positive. Further studies needed for validation regarding the integration of HPV-DNAs into the human genome that causes BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Levent Balci
- Department of General Surgery, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Medical Park Hospitals, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Uras
- Department of General Surgery, Acibadem Research Institute of Senology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sheldon Marc Feldman
- Breast Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Malekpour Afshar R, Balar N, Mollaei HR, Arabzadeh SA, Iranpour M. Low Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus in Patients with Breast Cancer, Kerman; Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3039-3044. [PMID: 30485938 PMCID: PMC6318420 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the first of the most important causes of the deaths of women in the world and in Iran. There are various causes and causes of this cancer, one of which has recently been described as a cause of breast cancer, is the human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV is transmitted through sexual contact and skin lesions. There are more than 100 types of HPV that can influence different parts of the body. Some types of HPV can cause cancer (such as cervical or anal cancer) and others can cause warts (such as genital or plantar warts). To study the risk of HPV infection in Breast Cancer, we managed a Case-Control study in Kerman, southeast of Iran. For this purpose, 98 paraffin blocks of breast cancer and 40 paraffin blocks of fibrocystic as a control were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using Real-Time PCR, and HPV typing was done using INNo-Lippa assay. HPV DNA was detected in 8 out of 98 patients (8.2%), while it was not detected in the control group samples. HPV types 16, 18 were the most common (62.5%) types in positive samples. The prevalence of HPV in patients with breast cancer of Iran is very low and less than other regions of the world, it seems that maybe rout of transmission of HPV in Iran is under control. No one knows exactly why breast cancer occurs. The environment, hormones, Viruses, or your lifestyle could all play a role in the development of breast cancer. Currently, Vaccination is the best way to prevent cancer that’s due to HPV. However, additional studies on the larger group of patients are needed to explain the roles of HPV in Breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Malekpour Afshar
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, erman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Kouloura A, Nicolaidou E, Misitzis I, Panotopoulou E, Kassiani T, Smyrniotis V, Corso G, Veronesi P, Arkadopoulos N. HPV infection and breast cancer. Results of a microarray approach. Breast 2018; 40:165-169. [PMID: 29890463 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in several types of epithelial cancer. The role of HPV in breast carcinogenesis has been a matter of debate fueled by conflicting reports in recent years. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of breast and cervical HPV infection in cancer patients by using a modern microarray approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present prospective study, 201 breast cancer patients were included. For each patient a detailed medical history was taken and during the operation, under sterile conditions, samples were collected, from the tumour, the healthy adjacent breast tissue and any positive sentinel lymph nodes. In addition, for each patient a cervical sample was also collected. All samples were analysed for DNA of 24 types of HPV using a microarray technique. RESULTS Despite the high sensitivity of the technique used, no HPV DNA was identified in any of the breast or lymph node samples. Our analysis showed that patients with HPV positive cervical samples (28 cases) were more likely to have tumors with positive progesterone receptors (p=0.041) and were also more likely to have two or three positive lymph nodes (p=0.002). CONCLUSION In the present study, a combination of careful sample collection and a very sensitive microarray approach showed no correlation between HPV and breast cancer. However some characteristics of the breast tumors were different among patients with HPV DNA in their cervical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Kouloura
- Division of Breast Cancer Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - Electra Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, "Andreas Syggros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Misitzis
- Breast Cancer Surgical Department, "Saint Savvas'' General Anticancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodoraki Kassiani
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Smyrniotis
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Cancer Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Division of Breast Cancer Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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12
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Malhone C, Longatto-Filho A, Filassi JR. Is Human Papilloma Virus Associated with Breast Cancer? A Review of the Molecular Evidence. Acta Cytol 2018; 62:166-177. [PMID: 29694946 DOI: 10.1159/000487700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with many cancers is well established, the involvement of HPV in breast cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of the results and methods used to demonstrate that HPV markers are present in human breast cancer, and how well these studies fulfil the criteria for proving the viral etiology of a cancer. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a search for molecular studies published until November 2016 that relate human breast cancer to HPV. RESULTS Forty-three original molecular studies were found, some of which compared cases to nonneoplastic controls. Some investigations did not identify HPV in mammary tissue, but others identified it with different frequencies of positivity, varying between 1.2 and 86%. In most case-control studies (21/24 studies), positivity in cases was found to be higher than in controls, but odds ratios and confidence intervals were not reported. CONCLUSION The results are controversial. However, they arouse a great interest in the potential participation of HPV in breast carcinogenesis, but rather as an essential cause-effect participant, at least as a co-participant in some cases. The circumstance of HPV positivity in breast cancer can be criticized, but the elements that clearly demonstrate it in a number of cases are also relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Malhone
- Breast Division, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Filassi
- Breast Division, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gannon OM, Antonsson A, Bennett IC, Saunders NA. Viral infections and breast cancer - A current perspective. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:182-189. [PMID: 29410005 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic human breast cancer is the most common cancer to afflict women. Since the discovery, decades ago, of the oncogenic mouse mammary tumour virus, there has been significant interest in the potential aetiologic role of infectious agents in sporadic human breast cancer. To address this, many studies have examined the presence of viruses (e.g. papillomaviruses, herpes viruses and retroviruses), endogenous retroviruses and more recently, microbes, as a means of implicating them in the aetiology of human breast cancer. Such studies have generated conflicting experimental and clinical reports of the role of infection in breast cancer. This review evaluates the current evidence for a productive oncogenic viral infection in human breast cancer, with a focus on the integration of sensitive and specific next generation sequencing technologies with pathogen discovery. Collectively, the majority of the recent literature using the more powerful next generation sequencing technologies fail to support an oncogenic viral infection being involved in disease causality in breast cancer. In balance, the weight of the current experimental evidence supports the conclusion that viral infection is unlikely to play a significant role in the aetiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Gannon
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Antonsson
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - I C Bennett
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Private Practice, The Wesley and St Andrews Hospital, Auchenflower 4066, Australia
| | - N A Saunders
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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14
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Lawson JS, Salmons B, Glenn WK. Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Front Oncol 2018; 8:1. [PMID: 29404275 PMCID: PMC5786831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the risk factors for breast cancer are well established, namely female gender, early menarche and late menopause plus the protective influence of early pregnancy, the underlying causes of breast cancer remain unknown. The development of substantial recent evidence indicates that a handful of viruses may have a role in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), bovine leukemia virus (BLV), human papilloma viruses (HPVs), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV-also known as human herpes virus type 4). Each of these viruses has documented oncogenic potential. The aim of this review is to inform the scientific and general community about this recent evidence. The evidence MMTV and human breast cancer—the evidence is detailed and comprehensive but cannot be regarded as conclusive. BLV and human breast cancer—the evidence is limited. However, in view of the emerging information about BLV in human breast cancer, it is prudent to encourage the elimination of BLV in cattle, particularly in the dairy industry. HPVs and breast cancer—the evidence is substantial but not conclusive. The availability of effective preventive vaccines is a major advantage and their use should be encouraged. EBV and breast cancer—the evidence is also substantial but not conclusive. Currently, there are no practical means of either prevention or treatment. Although there is evidence of genetic predisposition, and cancer in general is a culmination of events, there is no evidence that inherited genetic traits are causal. Conclusion The influence of oncogenic viruses is currently the major plausible hypothesis for a direct cause of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Wendy K Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Choi J, Kim C, Lee HS, Choi YJ, Kim HY, Lee J, Chang H, Kim A. Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Korean Breast Cancer Patients by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Meta-Analysis of Human Papillomavirus and Breast Cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:442-450. [PMID: 27725620 PMCID: PMC5122727 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.07.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established oncogenic virus of cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancer. Various subtypes of HPV have been detected in 0% to 60% of breast cancers. The roles of HPV in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer remain controversial. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HPV-positive breast cancer in Korean patients and to evaluate the possibility of carcinogenic effect of HPV on breast. Methods Meta-analysis was performed in 22 case-control studies for HPV infection in breast cancer. A total of 123 breast cancers, nine intraductal papillomas and 13 nipple tissues of patients with proven cervical HPV infection were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect 28 subtypes of HPV. Breast cancers were composed of 106 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples and 17 touch imprint cytology samples of breast cancers. Results The overall odds ratio between breast cancer and HPV infection was 5.43 (95% confidence interval, 3.24 to 9.12) with I<sup>2</sup> = 34.5% in meta-analysis of published studies with case-control setting and it was statistically significant. HPV was detected in 22 cases of breast cancers (17.9%) and two cases of intaductal papillomas (22.2%). However, these cases had weak positivity. Conclusions These results failed to serve as significant evidence to support the relationship between HPV and breast cancer. Further study with larger epidemiologic population is merited to determine the relationship between HPV and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungyeul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhwan Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Chang
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aeree Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Karimi M, Khodabandehloo M, Nikkhoo B, Ghaderi E. No Significant Association between Human Papillomavirus
and Breast Cancer, Sanandaj, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4741-4745. [PMID: 27893206 PMCID: PMC5454626 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.10.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Any role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of breast cancer is conjectural. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between HPV and breast cancer in women, Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded blocks of breast malignant tumors as a case group and 70 blocks of lesions without malignancy were selected as controls. Sections about 10 µm thick were prepared. After removing the paraffin, DNA was extracted. Samples were tested by PCR using general and high-risk specific HPV primers. Results: All 70 malignant breast tumors (cases) were invasive ductal carcinomas, and of the 70 controls, 17 (24.3%) were fibrocystic tumors and 53 (75.7%) fibroadenomas. The age range of women in the case group was 25-72 years old and in the control group It was13-66 years. Using HPV general primers two samples were positive in the case group, confirmed to be HPV-18 using high-risk specific primers. Conclusion: No statistically significant association was found between breast cancer and HPV. It is necessary to confirm this result by further investigations in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karimi
- Student of Research Committee, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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17
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Lawson JS, Glenn WK, Whitaker NJ. Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancer - Assessment of Causality. Front Oncol 2016; 6:207. [PMID: 27747193 PMCID: PMC5040724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) may have a causal role in some breast cancers. Case-control studies, conducted in many different countries, consistently indicate that HPVs are more frequently present in breast cancers as compared to benign breast and normal breast controls (odds ratio 4.02). The assessment of causality of HPVs in breast cancer is difficult because (i) the HPV viral load is extremely low, (ii) HPV infections are common but HPV associated breast cancers are uncommon, and (iii) HPV infections may precede the development of breast and other cancers by years or even decades. Further, HPV oncogenesis can be indirect. Despite these difficulties, the emergence of new evidence has made the assessment of HPV causality, in breast cancer, a practical proposition. With one exception, the evidence meets all the conventional criteria for a causal role of HPVs in breast cancer. The exception is "specificity." HPVs are ubiquitous, which is the exact opposite of specificity. An additional reservation is that the prevalence of breast cancer is not increased in immunocompromised patients as is the case with respect to HPV-associated cervical cancer. This indicates that HPVs may have an indirect causal influence in breast cancer. Based on the overall evidence, high-risk HPVs may have a causal role in some breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy K Glenn
- School of BABS, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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18
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Bae JM, Kim EH. Human papillomavirus infection and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:14. [PMID: 26981149 PMCID: PMC4791894 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although systematic reviews (SR) report that human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the risk of breast cancer, there are still disputes regarding this association. In particular, it has been argued that the risk level differs depending on nationality, type of tissue, subtype of HPV, and publication year. Considering that the searching year of publication for the previous SRs was June 2013, a renewal meta-analysis needs to be conducted. Methods Using articles selected in the previous SRs, we compiled a list of references, cited articles, and related articles from the PubMed and Scopus databases. Of these, only publications with data from case-control studies on HPV DNA-positivity in tissues were chosen. Summary odds ratio (SOR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated through meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was performed for nationality, types of tissue, subtype of HPV, and publication year. Results Twenty-two case-control studies were selected, and the total number of individuals in the case and control group was 1897 and 948, respectively. According to the meta-analysis about the 22 publications, HPV infection increased the risk of breast cancer (SOR = 4.02, 95 % CI: 2.42–6.68; I-squared = 44.7 %). Statistical significance was not found in meta-regression performed on the four variables of nationality, type of tissue, subtype of HPV, and publication year which some researchers think sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions The results of the present study supported the argument that HPV infection increases the risk of breast cancer. Age-matched case-control studies are in need in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jejudo, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jejudo, South Korea
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19
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Zhou Y, Li J, Ji Y, Ren M, Pang B, Chu M, Wei L. Inconclusive role of human papillomavirus infection in breast cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:36. [PMID: 26504492 PMCID: PMC4620698 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have examined the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer, but the findings are inconclusive. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of HPV in breast cancer tissue in patients from northeastern China and define the association between HPV and breast cancer using meta-analysis. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test cutaneous or mucosal HPV DNA sequence in 77 breast cancer samples and 77 corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The prevalence of HPV in breast cancer was estimated by pooling data from 38 studies. A meta-analysis of 16 case-control studies was conducted to investigate the association between HPV and breast cancer. RESULTS We did not find HPV DNA sequence in any of the 154 tissue specimens we tested. However, our meta-analysis revealed a HPV prevalence of 30.30 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 22.30-38.40 %) among breast cancer cases; most of these involved high-risk HPV types (35.50 %, 95 % CI = 25.00-46.10 %). HPV prevalence in breast cancer varied by geographic region, publication period, and PCR detection method. An increased risk of breast cancer was observed in association with exposure to HPV (odds ratio [OR] = 3.24, 95 % CI = 1.59-6.57), which was influenced by geographic region, HPV DNA source, PCR primer used, and publication period. CONCLUSIONS HPV, especially high-risk HPV types, may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and this association varies dramatically among geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- />Department of Thyroid and Breast Diseases, The Central Laboratory in The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- />Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Immunity and Infection, Pathogenic Biology Key Laboratory in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yuting Ji
- />Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Immunity and Infection, Pathogenic Biology Key Laboratory in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ming Ren
- />Department of Thyroid and Breast Diseases, The Central Laboratory in The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Bo Pang
- />Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ming Chu
- />Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- />Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Immunity and Infection, Pathogenic Biology Key Laboratory in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
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20
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Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Patients with Breast Tumor in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136050. [PMID: 26295705 PMCID: PMC4546417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of HPV in breast tissue and the potential causal association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer (BC) remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare the HPV prevalence in BC tissues, adjacent normal breast tissues and breast benign disease tissues and to investigate the possible association between HPV and breast tumor development in Chinese women. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 187 pairs of BCs including tumor and normal breast tissue adjacent to tumors and 92 breast benign lesions between June 2009 and July 2014 were investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific PCR, respectively. With strictly quality control, HPV positive infection was detected in three BC tissues. No HPV positive infection was detected in all normal breast tissue adjacent to tumors and benign breast tissues. Through our detailed analysis, rare HPV infection in this study suggests that HPV might not be associated with BC progression.
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21
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Fu L, Wang D, Shah W, Wang Y, Zhang G, He J. Association of human papillomavirus type 58 with breast cancer in Shaanxi province of China. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1034-40. [PMID: 25676062 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of reports have identified HPV DNA in breast cancer specimens and HPV type 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 51 were more prevalent. HPV 58 was frequently detected in cervical cancer in Shaanxi China. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether HPV 58 present in breast cancer. 169 cases of breast cancer samples and 83 benign breast lesions were analyzed. Type specific primers and oligonucliotide probe were used for the detection of HPV 58 by conventional PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. The HPV 58 viral load were measured by qPCR. p16 protein expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. HPV 58 E7 DNA was detected in 25 out of 169 formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues (14.79%) by PCR, only 1 out of 83 non-malignant breast lesions showed positive (1.20%). The results of ISH showed that 17 out of 169 (10.06%) malignant samples were positive for HPV 58 E7, and only 1 out of 83 non-malignant lesions was positive. Positive p16 immunostaining was observed in all the HPV 58 E7 ISH positive cases, but 16 out of 98 cases with HPV negative were p16 positive. The presence of HPV 58 in both normal duct epithelial cells and carcinoma in situ along with its presence in the cancer cells of the same specimen indicated the possible causal role of HPV 58 in breast cancer. The findings provide a solid morphological evidence of the involvement of HPV 58 in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fu
- Center of Cancer Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Institute for Cancer Research, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Piana AF, Sotgiu G, Muroni MR, Cossu-Rocca P, Castiglia P, De Miglio MR. HPV infection and triple-negative breast cancers: an Italian case-control study. Virol J 2014; 11:190. [PMID: 25413873 PMCID: PMC4243283 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most important neoplasia among women. To reduce its incidence and mortality impact it would be desirable to early identify risk factors associated with its development. It was recently suggested that biological agents could be the etiological cause, particularly Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). No specific relationship with different breast cancer types has been demonstrated until now. In particular, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by a receptor negative pattern (ER/PgR/HER2–negative) and poor prognosis, can represent one of the most relevant clinical and public health priority in terms of observational research. Findings Aim of the study was to evaluate the HPV-positivity prevalence in two breast cancer series (TNBC vs. non-TNBC) in Northern Sardinia, Italy. The sample size of each group was represented by 40 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. The mean age was 60.3 years. The majority of the cancers were ductal (84%). The grading distribution was different: G2 was the most prevalent grade in the non-TNBC series, whereas G3 was the most frequent in the TNBC series (70% and 72%, respectively). Six biological samples were HPV-positive (7.5%): the positivity was assessed only in the TNBC group (15%; p-value: 0.026). The isolated genotypes were: 16, 31, 45, 52, 6, and 66. Only one co-infection was found (i.e., HPV-6 and -66). Conclusions The prevalence of HPV-positivity in TNBC specimens was 15%. On the basis of its carcinogenetic ability, an etiological role in the pathogenesis of the cancer could be supposed. This association should be confirmed with longitudinal studies to better assess the role of the HPV infection in TNBC and non-TNBC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fausto Piana
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari - Research, Medical Education and Professional Development Unit, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cossu-Rocca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, ASL Olbia, Olbia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Yang Y, Jiao L, Hou J, Xu C, Wang L, Yu Y, Li Y, Yang C, Wang X, Sun Y. Dishevelled-2 silencing reduces androgen-dependent prostate tumor cell proliferation and migration and expression of Wnt-3a and matrix metalloproteinases. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4241-50. [PMID: 23652996 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To identify Dishevelled-2 (Dvl2) is a prostate cancer-associated gene and analyze the effects on the growth and invasive capacity of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Dvl2 mRNA expression was measured in PCa cell lines and tissue samples, by real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the distribution of Dvl2 in PCa specimens. Silencing Dvl2 in LNCaP cells, proliferation was measured by the CCK-8 assay, cell motility and invasiveness by scratch wound and transwell migration assays, and Wnt-3a, AR, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression by western blotting. Dvl2 was overexpressed in LNCaP cells compared with the AI PCa lines DU-145 and PC-3, as well as in the majority of PCa tissue specimens examined by qRT-PCR (14/27, 51.9 %). Dvl2 expression was low in all 10 BPH specimens, weakly positive in 26/104 AD PCa specimens (23.8 %), positive in 60/104 AD PCa specimens (55 %), and strongly positive in all 5 AI PCa specimens. Dvl2 expression was significantly correlated with combined Gleason score (p = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.005), and TNM stage (p = 0.015). Silencing of Dvl2 mRNA expression significantly reduced LNCaP cell proliferation, motility, invasiveness and Wnt-3a, AR, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. Dvl2 may increase PCa growth and metastasis potential, possibly by upregulating Wnt-3a, AR, and MMP expression. Silencing Dvl2 expression may be an effective treatment strategy for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Absence of human papillomavirus sequences in epithelial breast cancer in a Mexican female population. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1515-7. [PMID: 21909942 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer is controversial. We evaluated 118 breast carcinomas and two paraffin-embedded tissues of lesions of the nipple of Mexican patients for HPV sequences. No carcinoma sample exhibited koilocytosis, in contrast to lesions of the nipple. We subjected purified DNAs to PCR employing two HPV16/E6 or GP5/6 primer set oligonucleotides. Results showed that HPV DNA sequences were absent in the breast tissues. Absence of HPV in breast carcinoma failed to support an association between HPV infection and this carcinoma.
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