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Lim I, Tan J, Alam A, Idrees M, Brenan PA, Coletta RD, Kujan O. Epigenetics in the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:90-106. [PMID: 38316046 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant epigenetic modifications significantly develop and progress human malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Taking into account issues of late diagnosis and poor prognosis associated with HNSCC, this systematic review is designed to provide an up-to-date insight of epigenetic changes in the management of HNSCC. METHODS All studies that assessed the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) among patients diagnosed with HNSCC or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) were considered for inclusion till June 2023. Pre-defined Medical Subject Headings terms were used to search Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Embase Ovid databases. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were deemed eligible for inclusion with a total number of 3790 samples (2123 HNSCCs, 334 OPMDs and 1333 as controls). DNA methylation was investigated in 18 studies while the role of histone modifications was assessed in seven studies. The most investigated biomarkers among the studies were H3, DAPK and TIMP3. The diagnostic accuracy of the epigenetic biomarkers in detecting HNSCC was assessed in eight studies where the following biomarkers showed the highest area under the curve values: TIPM3, DCC, DAPK, SEPT9, SHOX9, HOXA9 and TRH. None of the studies assessed the predictability of the epigenetic biomarkers in HNSCC and OPMDs. CONCLUSION Although initial promising results were seen using the epigenetic biomarkers in the early detection of HNSCC, the limited number of patients and the absence of well-designed longitudinal studies limit the clinical applicability of the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Lim
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jade Tan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anneka Alam
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Majdy Idrees
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter A Brenan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Vatsa PP, Jindal Y, Bhadwalkar J, Chamoli A, Upadhyay V, Mandoli A. Role of epigenetics in OSCC: an understanding above genetics. Med Oncol 2023; 40:122. [PMID: 36941511 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is categorized under head and neck cancer that frequently develops from squamous cells hence also known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although molecular markers for oral cavity cancer are already known, epigenetic signatures for the same haven't been explored much. Epigenetic and genetic alterations were initially thought to be discrete mechanisms driving the tumour but the whole exome sequencing of various cancers has revealed the interdependency of epigenetics and genetic alterations. The reversible nature of these epigenetic changes makes them an alluring target for cancer therapeutics. The primary epigenetic alterations in cancer include DNA methylation and histone modifications. These alterations are useful for patient early detection and prognostication. This review summarizes the epigenetic perspective to understand the etiology, epigenetic biomarkers, and epi-drugs for better predictive diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Vatsa
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Yogita Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Janhavi Bhadwalkar
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ambika Chamoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Vinal Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Wang W, Li W, Zhang H. An Overview of DNA Methylation Indicators for the Course of Oral Precancer. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:6468773. [PMID: 36060560 PMCID: PMC9439927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6468773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a physiologically epigenetic alteration that happens when a methyl group is introduced to a CpG dinucleotide in the gene-regulating sequence of DNA. However, the majority of oral cancers have a well-defined precancerous stage; there are few clinical and morphological parameters for detecting and signalling the progression of precancerous to malignant tumours. DNA methylation forms are dynamic and reversible, allowing them to adjust to environmental or therapeutic changes. We did an extensive investigation to compile the data supporting aberrant DNA methylation forms as a possible biomarker for prediction. According to two longitudinal studies, p16 hypermethylation was considerably higher in precancerous lesions that progressed to cancer than in lesions that shrank. Most of the studies examined for this study were tiny cross-sectional research with scant validation and inadequately specified control groups. Existing evidence suggests that DNA methylation sequences can be relevant as a diagnostic biomarker for OPS development; however, sample size and research design restrictions make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Strong studies, including extensive epigenome-wide methylation scans of OPS with longitudinal monitoring, are necessary in this study in order to corroborate the recently discovered signals and discover new risk loci and disease progression molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434000, China
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Head and Neck Cancers Are Not Alike When Tarred with the Same Brush: An Epigenetic Perspective from the Cancerization Field to Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225630. [PMID: 34830785 PMCID: PMC8616074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinomas affect different head and neck subsites and, although these tumors arise from the same epithelial lining and share risk factors, they differ in terms of clinical behavior and molecular carcinogenesis mechanisms. Differences between HPV-negative and HPV-positive tumors are those most frequently explored, but further data suggest that the molecular heterogeneity observed among head and neck subsites may go beyond HPV infection. In this review, we explore how alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development and progression. The association of these epigenetic alterations with risk factor exposure, early carcinogenesis steps, transformation risk, and prognosis are described. Finally, we discuss the potential application of the use of epigenetic biomarkers in HNSCC. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are among the ten most frequent types of cancer worldwide and, despite all efforts, are still diagnosed at late stages and show poor overall survival. Furthermore, HNSCC patients often experience relapses and the development of second primary tumors, as a consequence of the field cancerization process. Therefore, a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC development and progression may enable diagnosis anticipation and provide valuable tools for prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. However, the different biological behavior of these tumors depending on the affected anatomical site and risk factor exposure, as well as the high genetic heterogeneity observed in HNSCC are major obstacles in this pursue. In this context, epigenetic alterations have been shown to be common in HNSCC, to discriminate the tumor anatomical subsites, to be responsive to risk factor exposure, and show promising results in biomarker development. Based on this, this review brings together the current knowledge on alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression in HNSCC natural history, focusing on how they contribute to each step of the process and on their applicability as biomarkers of exposure, HNSCC development, progression, and response to therapy.
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Saliva Gene Promoter Hypermethylation as a Biomarker in Oral Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091931. [PMID: 33947071 PMCID: PMC8124791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process characterized by a summation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in key regulatory genes. The silencing of genes by aberrant promoter hypermethylation is thought to be an important epigenetic event in cancer development and progression which has great potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis, tumor molecular subtyping, prognosis, monitoring, and therapy. Aberrant DNA methylation has been detected in different liquid biopsies, which may represent a potential alternative to solid biopsies. The detection of methylated genes in saliva may have clinical application for noninvasive oral cancer screening and early diagnosis. Here, we review the current evidence on gene promoter hypermethylation in saliva.
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Adeoye J, Alade AA, Zhu WY, Wang W, Choi SW, Thomson P. Efficacy of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral cancer diagnosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:541-558. [PMID: 33423350 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection from the prevalidation studies available. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic database searching of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS was conducted to identify relevant articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and August 1, 2020. RESULTS Meta-analysis was conducted based on 11 of 20 studies selected for review. Included studies had high bias concerns on the QUADAS-2 study assessment tool. We found that salivary and oral swab hypermethylation markers had better specificity than sensitivity for oral cancer detection. Summary sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of hypermethylation panels were 86.2% (60-96.2) and 90.6% (85.9-93.9) while for individual markers, summary sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 70% (56.9-80.5) and 91.9% (80.3-96.9), respectively. Respective positive and negative likelihood ratios for combined markers were 9.2 (5.89-14.36) and 0.15 (0.05-0.5), and 8.61 (3.39-21.87) and 0.33 (0.22-0.49) for single-application biomarkers. CONCLUSION DNA hypermethylation biomarkers especially in combination have acceptable DTA that warrants further optimization with rigorous biomarker evaluation methods for conclusive determination of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Azeez Arisekola Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wang-Yong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weilan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Reis RSD, Santos JAD, Abreu PMD, Dettogni RS, Santos EDVWD, Stur E, Agostini LP, Anders QS, Alves LNR, Valle IBD, Lima MA, Souza ED, Podestá JRV, Zeidler SVV, Cordeiro-Silva MDF, Louro ID. Hypermethylation status of DAPK, MGMT and RUNX3 in HPV negative oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190334. [PMID: 32870234 PMCID: PMC7452731 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world. During tumorigenesis, gene promoter hypermethylation is considered an important mechanism of transcription silencing of tumor suppressor genes, such as DAPK, MGMT and RUNX3. These genes participate in signaling pathways related to apoptosis, DNA repair and proliferation whose loss of expression is possibly associated with cancer development and progression. In order to investigate associations between hypermethylation and clinicopathological and prognostic parameters, promoter methylation was evaluated in 72 HPV negative oral and oropharyngeal tumors using methylation-specific PCR. Hypermethylation frequencies found for DAPK, MGMT and RUNX3 were 38.88%, 19.44% and 1.38% respectively. Patients with MGMT hypermethylation had a better 2-year overall survival compared to patients without methylation. Being MGMT a repair gene for alkylating agents, it could be a biomarker of treatment response for patients who are candidates for cisplatin chemotherapy, predicting drug resistance. In view of the considerable levels of hypermethylation in cancer cells and, for MGMT, its prognostic relevance, DAPK and MGMT show potential as epigenetic markers, in a way that additional studies may test its viability and efficacy in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Silva Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aflávio Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marinho de Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Raquel Spinassé Dettogni
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Stur
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Pignaton Agostini
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Quézia Silva Anders
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Neves Rebello Alves
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Isabella Bittencourt do Valle
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Marília Arantes Lima
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Evandro Duccini Souza
- Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia - SESA, Programa de Prevenção e Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Vasconcelos Podestá
- Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia - SESA, Programa de Prevenção e Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sandra Ventorin von Zeidler
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Melissa de Freitas Cordeiro-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Iúri Drumond Louro
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review aims to describe the epigenetic alterations observed in oral cancer linked to the exposure to alcohol and/or tobacco. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings emphasize the importance of epigenetics in oral cancer progression and in how risk factors (as tobacco and alcohol) affect the basal epigenetic profiles. Deeper techniques and detailed approaches allowed the perception that individual CG changes and even subtle changes may represent important epigenetic alterations resulting in expression changes and other carcinogenic consequences. New classes of epigenetic alterations including noncoding RNAs have been gaining attention. SUMMARY Many epigenetic alterations have been described in oral carcinoma progression induced by tobacco and/or alcohol, including: promoter hypermethylation in genes with tumor suppressive activity, global (genome-wide) hypomethylation, change in methylation patterns throughout the genes, alteration in noncoding RNAs, and histones modifications. These changes represent progress in the knowledge of how these risk factors act in a molecular level. There is an urgent need for large independent studies to move these potential makers further and validate them to identify risk assessment, early diagnostic markers, and therapeutic targets, as well as to be the base for prevention and intervention strategies.
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Dvojakovska S, Popovic-Monevska D, Grcev A, Pancevski G, Benedetti A, Popovski V, Dimovski A, Stamatoski A. Promotor hypermethylated genes: Prospective diagnostic biomarkers in oral cancerogenesis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1737-1740. [PMID: 30100382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancements in epigenetics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), are made in regard to DNA hypermethylation of MGMT, DAPK, ECAD (E-cadherin) and p16, as an important component of oral carcinogenesis and new potential biomarkers in molecular diagnostic strategies. The objective of the study was to evaluate the methylation status of the proposed genes and their possible role in the tumor genesis and diagnosis of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS From sixty surgically treated and molecularly analyzed patients, we obtained three groups of bioptical materials: tumor, normal contralateral and healthy tissues. Comparison of the frequencies of DNA methylation for all transcripts was utilized to validated their potential role in the cancerogenesis and detection of OSCC. RESULTS The most often methylated genes in the tumor samples were ECAD, MGMT, DAPK followed by p16 genes (90% vs 75% vs 75% vs 52,5%), respectively. We observed frequent methylated genes in contralateral mucosa and consistently unmethylated- 0% in healthy samples. ECAD methylated genes showed the highest sensitivity for diagnosing OSCC in tumor and contralateral tissues (90% and 89,7% respectively, with a specificity of 100%). CONCLUSION ECAD and MGMT have tumor-specific signatures and can be considered as potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Dvojakovska
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Danica Popovic-Monevska
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Grcev
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Goran Pancevski
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Alberto Benedetti
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Popovski
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Molecular Biology, Immunology and Pharmacogenetics), Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Ss. Cyril & Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Stamatoski
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
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Jayaprakash C, Varghese VK, Bellampalli R, Radhakrishnan R, Ray S, Kabekkodu SP, Satyamoorthy K. Hypermethylation of Death-Associated Protein Kinase (DAPK1) and its association with oral carcinogenesis - An experimental and meta-analysis study. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:117-129. [PMID: 28412611 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The value of abnormal DNA methylation of DAPK1 promoter and its association with various cancers have been suggested in the literature. To establish the significance of DNA methylation of DAPK1 promoter in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we a) performed a case-control study, b) evaluated published data for its utility in the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC and c) identified the association of DAPK1 gene expression with promoter DNA methylation status. DESIGN Bisulfite gene sequencing of DAPK1 promoter region was performed on non-malignant and malignant oral samples. Further, using a systematic search, 330 publications were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and 11 relevant articles were identified. RESULTS Significant association of DAPK1 promoter methylation with OSCC (p<0.0001) was observed in the case-control study. The studies chosen for meta-analysis showed prognostic and predictive significance of DAPK1 gene promoter, despite defined inconsistencies in few studies. Overall, we obtained a statistically significant (p-value<0.001) association for both sensitivity and specificity of DAPK1 DNA promoter methylation in oral cancer cases, without publication bias. CONCLUSION DNA hypermethylation of DAPK1 gene promoter is a promising biomarker for OSCC prediction/prognostics and suggests further validation in large distinct cohorts to facilitate translation to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchu Jayaprakash
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Ravishankara Bellampalli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Satadru Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
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11
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Cai F, Xiao X, Niu X, Zhong Y. Association between promoter methylation of DAPK gene and HNSCC: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173194. [PMID: 28249042 PMCID: PMC5332095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a tumor suppressor gene, which is a mediator of cell death of INF-γ–induced apoptosis. Aberrant methylation of DAPK promoter has been reported in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the results of these studies are inconsistent. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between the promoter methylation of DAPK gene and HNSCC. Methods Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Embase. The association between DAPK promoter methylation and HNSCC was assessed by odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). To evaluate the potential sources of heterogeneity, we conducted the meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Results Eighteen studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The frequency of DAPK promoter methylation in patients with HNSCC was 4.09-fold higher than the non-cancerous controls (OR = 3.96, 95%CI = 2.26–6.95). A significant association between DAPK promoter methylation and HNSCC was found among the Asian region and the Non-Asia region (Asian region, OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 2.29–8.58; Non-Asia region, OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.18–9.78). In the control source, the significant association between DAPK promoter methylation and HNSCC was seen among the autologous group and the heterogeneous group (autologous group, OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.49–4.93; heterogeneous group, OR = 9.50, 95% CI = 2.98–30.27). DAPK promoter methylation was significantly correlated with alcohol status (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.07–3.21). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggested that aberrant methylation of DAPK promoter was associated with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyue Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Guerra ENS, Rêgo DF, Elias ST, Coletta RD, Mezzomo LAM, Gozal D, De Luca Canto G. Diagnostic accuracy of serum biomarkers for head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:93-118. [PMID: 26971993 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum biomarkers could be helpful to characterize head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Thus, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the diagnostic capability of serum biomarkers in the assessment of HNSCC patients. Studies were gathered by searching LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science up to April 10th, 2015. Studies that focused on serum biomarkers in the diagnosis of HNSCC compared with controls were considered. Sixty-five studies were identified, and the sample size included 9098 subjects. Combined biomarkers demonstrated improved accuracy than those tested individually. Therefore, 12.8% of single and 34.3% of combined indicated that serum biomarkers discriminate patients with HNSCC from controls. The combined biomarkers with better diagnostic capability included Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)+Cyclin D1 and squamous cell cancer-associated antigen (SCCA)+EGFR+Cyclin D1. Beta2-microglobin may also be a promising single biomarker for future studies. Serum biomarkers can be potentially useful in the diagnosis of HNSCC. However, further research is required to validate these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Fortunato Rêgo
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Silvia Taveira Elias
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis André Mendonça Mezzomo
- Department of Dentistry, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Department of Dentistry, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
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13
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Shridhar K, Walia GK, Aggarwal A, Gulati S, Geetha AV, Prabhakaran D, Dhillon PK, Rajaraman P. DNA methylation markers for oral pre-cancer progression: A critical review. Oral Oncol 2015; 53:1-9. [PMID: 26690652 PMCID: PMC4788701 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although oral cancers are generally preceded by a well-established pre-cancerous stage, there is a lack of well-defined clinical and morphological criteria to detect and signal progression from pre-cancer to malignant tumours. We conducted a critical review to summarize the evidence regarding aberrant DNA methylation patterns as a potential diagnostic biomarker predicting progression. We identified all relevant human studies published in English prior to 30th April 2015 that examined DNA methylation (%) in oral pre-cancer by searching PubMed, Web-of-Science and Embase databases using combined key-searches. Twenty-one studies (18-cross-sectional; 3-longitudinal) were eligible for inclusion in the review, with sample sizes ranging from 4 to 156 affected cases. Eligible studies examined promoter region hyper-methylation of tumour suppressor genes in pathways including cell-cycle-control (n=15), DNA-repair (n=7), cell-cycle-signalling (n=4) and apoptosis (n=3). Hyper-methylated loci reported in three or more studies included p16, p14, MGMT and DAPK. Two longitudinal studies reported greater p16 hyper-methylation in pre-cancerous lesions transformed to malignancy compared to lesions that regressed (57-63.6% versus 8-32.1%; p<0.01). The one study that explored epigenome-wide methylation patterns reported three novel hyper-methylated loci (TRHDE; ZNF454; KCNAB3). The majority of reviewed studies were small, cross-sectional studies with poorly defined control groups and lacking validation. Whilst limitations in sample size and study design preclude definitive conclusions, current evidence suggests a potential utility of DNA methylation patterns as a diagnostic biomarker for oral pre-cancer progression. Robust studies such as large epigenome-wide methylation explorations of oral pre-cancer with longitudinal tracking are needed to validate the currently reported signals and identify new risk-loci and the biological pathways of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithiga Shridhar
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur Walia
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aastha Aggarwal
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Smriti Gulati
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - A V Geetha
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, Haryana, India; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Preet K Dhillon
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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D'Souza W, Saranath D. Clinical implications of epigenetic regulation in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:1061-8. [PMID: 26421863 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a high incidence cancer which is of major public health concern in India being the most common cancer in males and fifth most common cancer in females in India, contributing to 26% of the global oral cancer burden. The major risk factors of oral cancer are tobacco, alcohol and high risk Human Papilloma Virus type 16/18. However, only 3-12% of the high risk individuals with dysplasia develop oral cancer. Thus, individual genomic variants representing the genomic constitution and epigenetic alterations play a critical role in the development of oral cancer. Extensive epigenetic studies on the molecular lesions including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes associated with apoptosis, DNA damage repair have been reported. The current review highlights epigenetic regulation with a focus on molecular biomarkers and epidrug therapy in oral cancer. Epigenetic regulation by hypermethylation, histone modifications and specific microRNAs are often associated with early events and advanced stages in oral cancer, and thus indicate epidrug therapy for intervention. The presence of epigenetic marks in oral lesions, cancers and tumor associated mucosa emphasizes indications as biomarkers and epidrugs with therapeutic potential for better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Dhananjaya Saranath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai 400056, India.
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15
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Anayannis NVJ, Schlecht NF, Belbin TJ. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1373-8. [PMID: 25978766 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0554-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growing evidence suggests that as many as half of all oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) harbor human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Despite being more advanced at diagnosis, HPV-positive OPSCCs are associated with a better response to therapy and longer patient survival than HPV-negative OPSCCs. Human papillomavirus-positive OPSCC has also been shown to have distinct host gene expression profiles compared with HPV-negative OPSCC. Recently, this distinction has been shown to include the epigenome. It is well supported that cancers are epigenetically deregulated. This review highlights epigenetic differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCCs. The epigenetic mechanisms highlighted include methylation changes to host and viral DNA, and host chromatin modification. We also review the current evidence regarding host DNA methylation changes associated with smoking, and deregulation of microRNA expression in HPV-positive OPSCC. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms reported in HPV-positive OPSCC, with analogies to cervical cancer, and discussion of the challenges involved in studying epigenetic changes in HPV-associated OPSCC in combination with changes associated with smoking. DATA SOURCES Sources were a literature review of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed on HPV and either OPSCC or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and related epigenetic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic changes are reported to be a contributing factor to maintaining a malignant phenotype in HPV-positive OPSCC. The epigenetic mechanisms highlighted in this review can be studied for potential as biomarkers or as drug targets. Furthermore, continued research on the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms in HPV-positive OPSCC (compared with HPV-negative OPSCC) may contribute to our understanding of the clinical and biologic differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas J Belbin
- From the Departments of Pathology (Ms Anayannis and Dr Belbin), Epidemiology & Population Health (Dr Schlecht), and Medicine (Oncology) (Dr Schlecht), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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16
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Koffler J, Sharma S, Hess J. Predictive value of epigenetic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e954827. [PMID: 27308324 PMCID: PMC4905189 DOI: 10.1080/23723548.2014.954827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer collectively describes malignant tumors originating from the mucosal surface of the upper aerodigestive tract. These tumors pose a great threat to public health because of their high incidence and mortality. Traditional risk factors are tobacco and alcohol abuse. More recently, infection by high-risk types of human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identified as an additional risk factor, especially for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Moreover, HPV-positive OPSCC is considered a distinct tumor entity with an improved clinical outcome compared to HPV-negative OPSCC. Epigenetic alterations act as key events in the pathogenesis of cancer and are of special interest for basic and translational oncology because of their reversible nature. This review provides a comprehensive summary of alterations of the epigenome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a focus on the methylome (hypomethylation and hypermethylation) and its predictive value in the evaluation of pathologic states and clinical outcome, or monitoring response rates to certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koffler
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany; Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK) is an important serine/theoreine kinase involved in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. DAPK expression and activity are misregulated in multiple diseases including cancer, neuronal death, stoke, et al. Methylation of the DAPK gene is common in many types of cancer and can lead to loss of DAPK expression. In this review, we summarize the pathological status and functional roles of DAPK in disease and compare the published reagents that can manipulate the expression or activity of DAPK. The pleiotropic functions of DAPK make it an intriguing target and the barriers and opportunities for targeting DAPK for future clinical application are discussed.
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18
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Langevin SM, Butler RA, Eliot M, Pawlita M, Maccani JZJ, McClean MD, Kelsey KT. Novel DNA methylation targets in oral rinse samples predict survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:1072-80. [PMID: 25242135 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify novel survival-associated biomarkers in oral rinse samples collected from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened for putative survival-associated markers using publicly available methylation array data from 88 OSCC tumors. Cox models were then fit to methylation array data restricted to these putative loci in oral rinse samples of 82 OSCC patients from greater Boston. Pyrosequencing assays were designed for each locus that replicated in the oral rinse samples and applied to a validation set of oral rinse samples from another 61 OSCC patients. RESULTS We identified 7 survival-associated methylation markers in oral rinse samples from OSCC patients, and have validated one, located in the body of GABBR1, by pyrosequencing. CONCLUSION The 7 CpG loci identified through this study represent novel prognostic biomarkers for patients with OSCC that can be detected using a non-invasive oral rinse collection technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Rondi A Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Z J Maccani
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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19
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Marcinkiewicz KM, Gudas LJ. Altered histone mark deposition and DNA methylation at homeobox genes in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1405-16. [PMID: 24519855 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported a role of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and PRC2 trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) in the regulation of homeobox (HOX) (Marcinkiewicz and Gudas, 2013, Exp Cell Res) gene transcript levels in human oral keratinocytes (OKF6-TERT1R) and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. Here, we assessed both the levels of various histone modifications at a subset of homeobox genes and genome wide DNA methylation patterns in OKF6-TERT1R and SCC-9 cells by using ERRBS (enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing). We detected the H3K9me3 mark at HOXB7, HOXC10, HOXC13, and HOXD8 at levels higher in OKF6-TERT1R than in SCC-9 cells; at IRX1 and SIX2 the H3K9me3 levels were conversely higher in SCC-9 than in OKF6-TERT1R. The H3K79me3 mark was detectable only at IRX1 in OKF6-TERT1R and at IRX4 in SCC-9 cells. The levels of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 marks correlate with the transcript levels of the assessed homeobox genes in both OKF6-TERT1R and SCC-9. We detected generally lower CpG methylation levels on DNA in SCC-9 cells at annotated genomic regions which were differentially methylated between OKF6-TERT1R and SCC-9 cells; however, some genomic regions, including the HOX gene clusters, showed DNA methylation at higher levels in SCC-9 than OKF6-TERT1R. Thus, both altered histone modification patterns and changes in DNA methylation are associated with dysregulation of homeobox gene expression in human oral cavity SCC cells, and this dysregulation potentially plays a role in the neoplastic phenotype of oral keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
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20
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Sato M, Mochizuki H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Hypermethylation of the death-associated protein kinase CpG island in canine B-cell lymphoid tumors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 161:222-31. [PMID: 25193469 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a 160-kD serine/threonine kinase known as a key molecule in interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression. Hypermethylation of the CpG island in DAPK inactivates the gene in a variety of human malignancies. This study aimed to detect the inactivation of DAPK in canine lymphoid tumor cells. The sequence of canine DAPK cDNA was obtained from normal dog peripheral blood mononuclear cells after reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By rapid amplification of 5'-cDNA ends, the transcription initiation site of the DAPK gene was identified. The CpG island located upstream of the translation initiation site was identified by using a search algorithm. The methylation status of the CpG island was examined using bisulfite sequence analysis and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The inactivation of DAPK gene was examined in 3 canine lymphoid tumor cell lines, GL-1 (B-cell leukemia), CLBL-1 (B-cell lymphoma), and CL-1 (T-cell lymphoma). DAPK mRNA expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR. IFN-γ-induced apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. The influence of demethylation was examined with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). The methylation status in 14 dogs with various lymphoid tumors was screened by MSP. A 1926-bp CpG island containing 280 CpG repeats was identified upstream of the translation start site of canine DAPK. Bisulfate sequence analysis and MSP revealed hypermethylation of the CpG island in GL-1 cells, but not in CLBL-1 or CL-1 cells. The amount of DAPK mRNA was significantly smaller in GL-1 cells than CLBL-1 and CL-1 cells. IFN-γ-induced apoptosis was detected in CLBL-1 and CL-1 cells but not in GL-1 cells. Treatment with 5-aza-dC significantly increased the amount of DAPK mRNA and IFN-γ-induced apoptosis in GL-1 cells. These results revealed the inactivation of DAPK through methylation of its CpG island in GL-1 cells. MSP showed hypermethylation of the DAPK CpG island in 5 of 8 primary B-cell lymphoma samples, but not in any of the 6 primary T-cell lymphoid tumor samples obtained from canine patients. DAPK was inactivated through hypermethylation of its CpG island in canine B-cell lymphoid tumor cells. This study will lead to the use of canine B-cell lymphoid tumors as an animal model to evaluate the efficacy of demethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Fujino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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21
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Rettori MM, de Carvalho AC, Longo ALB, de Oliveira CZ, Kowalski LP, Carvalho AL, Vettore AL. TIMP3 and CCNA1 hypermethylation in HNSCC is associated with an increased incidence of second primary tumors. J Transl Med 2013; 11:316. [PMID: 24359512 PMCID: PMC3884019 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypermethylation in the promoter regions is associated with the suppression of gene expression and has been considered a potential molecular marker for several tumor types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). METHODS To evaluate the gene hypermethylation profile as a prognostic marker, this retrospective study used a QMSP approach to determine the methylation status of 19 genes in 70 HNSCC patients. RESULTS The methylation profile analysis of primary HNSCC revealed that genes CCNA1, DAPK, MGMT, TIMP3 and SFRP1 were frequently hypermethylated, with high specificity and sensitivity. TIMP3 and CCNA1 hypermethylation was significantly associated with lower rates of second primary tumor-free survival (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001; log-rank test, respectively). CONCLUSION This study, for the first time, presents CCNA1 and TIMP3 hypermethylation as a helpful tool to identify HNSCC subjects at risk of developing second primary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Luiz Vettore
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate recent developments in nutritional epigenomics and related challenges, opportunities, and implications for cancer control and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and understanding the factors that contribute to cancer development may facilitate the development of strategies for cancer prevention and control. Cancer development involves genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic marks are permanent, whereas epigenetic marks are dynamic, change with age, and are influenced by the external environment. Thus, epigenetics provides a link between the environment, diet, and cancer development. Proper food selection is imperative for better health and to avoid cancer and other diseases. Nutrients either contribute directly to cancer prevention or support the repair of genomic and epigenomic damage caused by exposure to cancer-causing agents such as toxins, free radicals, radiation, and infectious agents. Nutritional epigenomics provides an opportunity for cancer prevention because selected nutrients have the potential to reverse cancer-associated epigenetic marks in different tumor types. A number of natural foods and their bioactive components have been shown to have methylation-inhibitory and deacetylation-inhibitory properties. SUMMARY Natural foods and bioactive food components have characteristics and functions that are similar to epigenetic inhibitors and therefore have potential in cancer control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7324, USA.
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23
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Wong TS, Gao W, Li ZH, Chan JYW, Ho WK. Epigenetic dysregulation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:739461. [PMID: 22645613 PMCID: PMC3356733 DOI: 10.1155/2012/739461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer with poor prognosis. Patients with laryngeal carcinoma usually present late leading to the reduced treatment efficacy and high rate of recurrence. Despite the advance in the use of molecular markers for monitoring human cancers in the past decades, there are still no reliable markers for use to screen laryngeal carcinoma and follow the patients after treatment. Epigenetics emerged as an important field in understanding the biology of the human malignancies. Epigenetic alterations refer to the dysregulation of gene, which do not involve the alterations of the DNA sequence. Major epigenetic changes including methylation imbalance, histone modification, and small RNA dysregulation could play a role in the development of human malignancies. Global epigenetic change is now regarded as a molecular signature of cancer. The characteristics and behavior of a cancer could be predicted based on the specific epigenetic pattern. We here provide a review on the understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in laryngeal carcinoma. Further knowledge on the initiation and progression of laryngeal carcinoma at epigenetic level could promote the translation of the knowledge to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Zeng-Hong Li
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kuen Ho
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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