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Jiang S, Zhu G, Tan Y, Zhou T, Zheng S, Wang F, Lei W, Liu X, Du J, Tian M. Identification of VEGFs-related gene signature for predicting microangiogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205931. [PMID: 38874512 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Microangiogenesis is an important prognostic factor in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has been shown to contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Recently, several studies have investigated the regulation of VEGF production by a single gene, with few researchers exploring all genes that affect VEGF production. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed all genes affecting VEGF production in HCC and developed a risk model and gene-based risk score based on VEGF production. Moreover, the model's predictive capacity on prognosis of HCCs was verified using training and validation datasets. The developed model showed good prediction of the overall survival rate. Patients with a higher risk score experienced poor outcomes compared to those with a lower risk score. Furthermore, we identified the immunological causes of the poor prognosis of patients with high-risk scores comparing with those with low-risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpan Jiang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoting Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shilin Zheng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Lei
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinjun Du
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Third Clinical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Manman Tian
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Third Clinical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Lim S, Lim J, Lee A, Kim KI, Lim JS. Anticancer Effect of E26 Transformation-Specific Homologous Factor through the Induction of Senescence and the Inhibition of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5270. [PMID: 37958443 PMCID: PMC10650711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ETS homologous factor (EHF) in malignant breast cancer cells. The overexpression and knockdown of the EHF gene in human and mouse breast cancer cells were performed, and the TCGA dataset and Q-omics were analyzed. We found that the tumor suppressor NDRG2 is correlated with EHF gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells, that EHF overexpression results in reduced cell proliferation and that apoptosis is promoted by the chemotherapeutic reagent treatment of EHF-overexpressing cells. By EHF overexpression, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression were increased, suggesting that EHF may induce cellular senescence. In addition, the overexpression of EHF reduced the migratory ability and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, EHF inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3. The overexpression of EHF also reduced the tumor size, and lung metastasis in vivo. At the tumor site, β-galactosidase activity was increased by EHF. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier-plotter analysis showed that TNBC patients with a high expression of EHF had a longer relapse-free survival rate. Our findings demonstrated that EHF inhibits breast tumor progression by inducing senescence and regulating EMT in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.L.); (A.L.); (K.-I.K.)
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Fanian M, Rafiei G, Alizadeh Zarei M, Takhshid MA. Targeted Overexpression of NDRG2 using Survivin Promoter Reduces Viability and Invasiveness of A549 Cell Line. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2023; 15:84-90. [PMID: 37034887 PMCID: PMC10073922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-tumor effects of N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene2 (NDRG2) have been demonstrated in many tumors. In the present study, NDRG2 was specifically overexpressed in lung cancer cell line using Survivin Promoter (Sur-P). Then, the effects of NDRG2 overexpression on viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of A549 cells were evaluated. Methods Recombinant pAdenoVator-Sur-P-NDRG2-IRES-GFP plasmid harboring NDRG2 gene under transcriptional control of Sur-P and mock plasmid were constructed. A549 lung tumor cells and LX-2 cells (non-tumor cell line) were transfected with pAdenoVator-Sur-P-NDRG2-IRES-GFP, pAdenoVator-CMV-NDRG2-IRES-GFP, or mock plasmids. Tumor specificity of Sur-P was evaluated using fluorescent microscopy for GFP expression. The effects of NDRG2 overexpression on cell viability, apoptosis, and migration of A549 cells were measured using MTT, annexinV/7-AAD flow cytometry, and transwell migration assay, respectively. NDRG2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression were measured using real time-PCR. Results pAdenoVator-Sur-P-NDRG2-IRES-GFP transfection resulted in a huge GFP expression in A549 cells, but not in LX-2 cells. The results of real time-PCR analysis also showed that pAdenoVator-Sur-P-NDRG2-IRES-GFP transfection led to an abundant NDRG2 expression in A549 cells. NDRG2 overexpression decreased A549 cell viability through increasing cell apoptosis. In addition, migration, invasion, and MMP-2 expression decreased following NDRG2 overexpression in A549 cells. Conclusion The findings indicate that the targeted overexpression of NDRG2 using Sur-P can reduce the viability and invasiveness of A549 cells, suggesting possible benefits of this approach in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fanian
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Gholamreza Rafiei
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alizadeh Zarei
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Takhshid
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sun L, Li W, Zhao Z, Zuo Y, Han Z. Identification of a Necroptosis-Related Prognostic Signature and Associated Regulatory Axis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:8766311. [PMID: 37965055 PMCID: PMC10643042 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8766311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is considered to be the second most aggressive and rapidly fatal cancer after breast cancer. Necroptosis, a novel discovered pattern of cell death, is mediated by Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), and Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain Like Pseudokinase (MLKL). Methods For the purpose of developing a prognostic model, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was conducted. Using Pearson's correlation analysis, we evaluated the correlation between necroptosis-related markers and tumor immune infiltration. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted to construct a necroptosis-related regulatory axis. Results There was a downregulation of most of necroptosis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) versus lung tissues but an increase in PGAM5, HMGB1, TRAF2, EZH2 levels. We also summarized the Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) and copy number variation (CNV) of necroptosis-related genes in LUAD. Consensus clustering identified two clusters in LUAD with distinct immune cell infiltration and ESTIMATEScore. Genes related to necroptosis were associated with necroptosis, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and apoptosis according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Four prognostic genes (ALDH2, HMGB1, NDRG2, TLR2) were combined to develop a prognostic gene signature for LUAD patients, which was highly accurate in predicting prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified HMGB1, pT stage, and pN stage as independent factors impacting on LUAD patients' prognosis. A significant correlation was found between the level of TLR2 and NDRG2 and clinical stage, immunity infiltration, and drug resistance. Additionally, the progression of LUAD might be regulated by lncRNA C5orf64/miR-582-5p/NDRG2/TLR2. Conclusion The current bioinformatics analysis identified a necroptosis-related prognostic signature for LUAD and their relation to immunity infiltration. This result requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Hematology, Qingdao Women and children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Yu K, Mei Y, Wang Z, Liu B, Deng M. LncRNA LINC00924 upregulates NDRG2 to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition via sponging miR-6755-5p in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2702-2713. [PMID: 34997970 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening cancer. Long noncoding RNAs participate in HBV-related HCC progression. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, LINC00924 downregulation is positively related to unfavorable outcomes in patients with HBV-related HCC. Herein, we detected the biological functions and regulatory system of LINC00924 in HCC. The LINC00924 downregulation in HBV-related HCC tissues and cells was revealed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functionally, as Transwell assays and western blotting indicated, LINC00924 elevation inhibited HCC cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The binding site between LINC00924 and miR-6755-5p was determined by luciferase reporter assays. miR-6755-5p was confirmed to target NDRG2. miR-6755-5p upregulation decreased NDRG2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The mRNA and protein levels of NDRG2 were downregulated in tissues and cells. NDRG2 knockdown attenuated the inhibition induced by LINC00924 overexpression on invasion and EMT of HCC cells. In summary, LINC00924 increases NDRG2 expression to inhibit EMT by targeting miR-6755-5p in HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhua Mei
- Department of Infectious Disease, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Titanium(IV) immobilized affinity chromatography facilitated phosphoproteomics analysis of salivary extracellular vesicles for lung cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3697-3708. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee S, Lee A, Lim J, Lim JS. Regulation of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) differentiation by NDRG2 expression in breast cancer cells. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 34743782 PMCID: PMC8891626 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major cellular component of innate immunity and are mainly known to have phagocytic activity. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), they can be differentiated into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). As the most abundant immune cells in the TME, TAMs promote tumor progression by enhancing angiogenesis, suppressing T cells and increasing immunosuppressive cytokine production. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor gene, whose expression is down-regulated in various cancers. However, the effect of NDRG2 on the differentiation of macrophages into TAMs in breast cancer remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of NDRG2 expression in breast cancer cells on the differentiation of macrophages into TAMs. Compared to tumor cell-conditioned medium (TCCM) from 4T1-mock cells, TCCM from NDRG2-overexpressing 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells did not significantly change the morphology of RAW 264.7 cells. However, TCCM from 4T1-NDRG2 cells reduced the mRNA levels of TAM-related genes, including MR1, IL-10, ARG1 and iNOS, in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, TCCM from 4T1-NDRG2 cells reduced the expression of TAM-related surface markers, such as CD206, in peritoneal macrophages (PEM). The mRNA expression of TAM-related genes, including IL-10, YM1, FIZZ1, MR1, ARG1 and iNOS, was also downregulated by TCCM from 4T1-NDRG2 cells. Remarkably, TCCM from 4T1-NDRG2 cells reduced the expression of PD-L1 and Fra-1 as well as the production of GM-CSF, IL-10 and ROS, leading to the attenuation of T cell-inhibitory activity of PEM. These data showed that compared with TCCM from 4T1-mock cells, TCCM from 4T1-NDRG2 cells suppressed the TAM differentiation and activation. Collectively, these results suggest that NDRG2 expression in breast cancer may reduce the differentiation of macrophages into TAMs in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Science and the Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Department of Biological Science and the Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jihyun Lim
- Department of Biological Science and the Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science and the Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Feng RB, Zhou QZ, Cheng R, Li P, Zhu ST, Min L, Zhang ST. Expression and Significance of N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 in the process of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3275-3283. [PMID: 35048779 PMCID: PMC8973974 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2025685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the expression of tumor suppressor gene N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) was significantly reduced in human solid tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to explore whether the difference of NDRG2 expression exists in different stages of ESCC and provides a basis for the early diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC. Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the expression level of NDRG2 in samples from 91 patients with mild-to-moderate dysplasia, early ESCC, and advanced ESCC. The relationship between the expression of NDRG2 and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed. The results showed that positive expression rates of NDRG2 in tissues adjacent to early ESCC (76.7%), or from mild-to-moderate dysplasia (74.1%), and early ESCC (83.3%) were significantly higher than in tissue from advanced ESCC (55.9%). The positive expression rate in advanced ESCC was significantly lower than in the other three tissue types (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) and correlation (Cramer’s V = 0.351, p = 0.019, <0.05) between the expression of NDRG2 and the clinical stage in the 64 patients with ESCC. In conclusion, this study found that the expression of NDRG2 gradually decreased with the progression of esophageal lesions into advanced ESCC. This difference in positive expression rate was more obvious in male patients and patients under 60 years of age. Therefore, the detection of NDRG2 plays an important role in differentiating early ESCC from advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bing Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Zhi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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Lee A, Lim S, Oh J, Lim J, Yang Y, Lee MS, Lim JS. NDRG2 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells Downregulates PD-L1 Expression and Restores T Cell Proliferation in Tumor-Coculture. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236112. [PMID: 34885221 PMCID: PMC8656534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a candidate tumor suppressor in various cancers, including breast cancer. Increased expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human cancers. Despite its role in cancer cells, the effects of NDRG2 on PD-L1 expression and PD-L1-PD-1 pathway disruption have not been investigated. We demonstrated that NDRG2 overexpression inhibits PD-L1 expression in human breast cancer cells. Blocking T cell proliferation by coculture with 4T1 mouse tumor cells that express high levels of PD-L1 could be significantly reversed by NDRG2 overexpression in the same tumor cells. NDRG2 knockdown in NDRG2-transfected cells elicited the upregulation of PD-L1 expression and accelerated the inhibition of T cell proliferation. These findings were confirmed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data that PD-L1 expression in basal and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, but not in luminal A or B cancer patients, was negatively correlated with the NDRG2 expression. Abstract (1) Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NDRG2 expression in regulating PD-L1 or PD-L2 on malignant breast cancer cells. (2) Methods: Overexpression and knockdown of the NDRG2 gene in human and mouse cancer cells were applied and quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. T cell proliferation and TCGA analysis were conducted to validate negative correlation of the PD-L1 expression with the NDRG2 expression. (3) Results: We found that NDRG2 overexpression inhibits PD-L1 expression in human breast cancer cells through NF-κB signaling. NDRG2 overexpression in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells followed by PD-L1 downregulation could block the suppressive activity of cancer cells on T cell proliferation and knockdown of NDRG2 expression enhanced the expression of PD-L1, leading to the inhibition of T cell proliferation by tumor cell coculture. Finally, we confirmed from TCGA data that PD-L1 expression in basal and triple-negative breast cancer patients was negatively correlated with the expression of NDRG2. Intriguingly, linear regression analysis using TNBC cell lines showed that the PD-L1 level was negatively associated with the NDRG2 expression level. (4) Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that NDRG2 expression is instrumental in suppressing PD-L1 expression and restoring PD-L1-inhibited T cell proliferation activity in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-710-9560; Fax: +82-2-2077-7322
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Wang J, Li T, Ma L, Liu G, Wang G, Kang J. NDRG2 inhibition facilitates angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:742-748. [PMID: 34013046 PMCID: PMC8114951 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an angiogenesis-dependent tumor, and angiogenesis plays pivotal roles in progression and hematogenous metastasis. Upregulating NDRG2 expression could inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. However, the development of angiogenesis is a complicated and dynamic process, and the specific mechanisms that NDRG2 influences its progression are largely unknown. Conditioned media (CM) was collected from HCC cells. Cell viability, migration assay, tube formation, and western blot were used to evaluate the effect of NDRG2 on angiogenesis in HCC cells. ELISA assay was used to measure the level of VEGFA in CM. CM from NDRG2 knockdown cells significantly promoted HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation compared with control cells. The level of VEGFA in CM was increased by NDRG2 knockdown relative to the control group. The expression of VEGFA, HIF-1α, and p-Akt was significantly increased in NDRG2 knockdown cells. CM from NDRG2 knockdown cells with VEGFA antibody failed to induce HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. YC-1 significantly inhibited the level of VEGFA in CM from NDRG2 knockdown cells. YC-1 also inhibited the expression of VEGFA and HIF-1α. Therefore, NDRG2 inhibition promoted the angiogenesis of HCC via VEGFA and may be used to be an anti-angiogenesis target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Guochao Liu
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- General Surgical Department, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China.,General Surgical Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Jiansheng Kang
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As a member of the N-myc down-regulated gene family, N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) contributes to the tumorigenesis of various types of cancers. However, the correlation between NDRG2 expression and the prognosis of solid tumor remains to be elucidated because of small sample sizes and inconsistent results in previous studies. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the prognostic significance of NDRG2 in human solid tumors. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases (up to April 2020) were searched for relevant studies that evaluated the impact of NDRG2 on clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS), in solid tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to assess the association between NDRG2 expression and the survival of patients with solid tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were pooled to estimate the correlation between NDRG2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in the patients. RESULTS A total of 13 eligible studies with 1980 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Low NDRG2 expression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.60-2.40, P < .001) and DFS (HR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.42-5.13, P = .002) in solid tumor. Furthermore, low NDRG2 expression was related to some phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness, such as clinical stage (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.96-5.26, P < .001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.49-3.07, P < .001), and degree of differentiation (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS NDRG2 may be a meaningful biomarker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gu
- Nursing Department, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University
| | - Jie Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ye
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Guo Y, Li X, Sun X, Wang J, Yang X, Zhou X, Liu X, Liu W, Yuan J, Yao L, Li X, Shen L. Combined Aberrant Expression of NDRG2 and LDHA Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis and Mediates the Anti-tumor Effect of Gemcitabine. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1771-1786. [PMID: 31523182 PMCID: PMC6743297 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is one of the important hallmarks of cancer. The activation of oncogene and inactivation of tumor suppressor gene contribute to the enhancement of glycolytic enzymes and the Warburg effect. The N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor gene and is frequently lost in various types of cancer. However, little is known about glycolytic function and therapeutic value of NDRG2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we found that NDRG2 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were aberrantly expressed in HCC and were closely related to the Warburg effect. The correlation between NDRG2 and LDHA expression predicted HCC prognosis and the clinical response to chemotherapy. NDRG2 expression was significantly decreased while LDHA expression was increased in HCC specimens. NDRG2 and LDHA expression was significantly correlated with differentiation status, vascular invasion, and TNM stage of HCC. NDRG2 inhibited LDHA expression, the Warburg effect and the growth of HCC cells. Furthermore, NDRG2 mediated gemcitabine-induced inhibition of LDHA expression and the Warburg effect in HCC cells. Taken together, our data suggest that NDRG2 plays an important role in inhibiting the Warburg effect and the malignant growth of HCC via LDHA. NDRG2 combined with LDHA might be powerful prognostic biomarkers and targets for chemotherapy treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xi'an Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jiancai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Libo Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xia Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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13
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Chen W, Peng J, Ou Q, Wen Y, Jiang W, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Wan D, Pan Z, Fang Y. Expression of NDRG2 in Human Colorectal Cancer and its Association with Prognosis. J Cancer 2019; 10:3373-3380. [PMID: 31293640 PMCID: PMC6603412 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As a member of the N-myc downregulated gene family, N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) contributes to tumorigenesis of various types of cancer. The expression status of NDRG2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its prognostic value remain to be elucidated. The goal of this study was to determine the expression pattern of NDRG2 in human CRC and its association of NDRG2 expression with prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the level of NDRG2 expressions in 316 CRC tissues. The medical records of consecutive CRC patients undergoing primary tumor resection from September 2000 to February 2015 were retrospectively selected. Then, we compared to specific clinicopathological features in patients with different level of NDRG2 expressions. The correlation of NDRG2 expression with 3-year survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression modeling. Results: NDRG2 was expressed in 94.6% (299/316) of CRC tissues. The median IHC score of NDRG2 expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues compared with that of tumor-adjacent normal tissues [4.50(range 0.00-12.00) vs. 10.00 (range 0.00-12.00), P < 0.001].Survival analysis indicated that patients with low NDRG2 expression had poorer 3-year OS than those with high NDRG2 expression (59.9% vs. 76.6%, P = 0.017). Low NDRG2 expression also presented a significantly poorer 3-year OS rate in patient with stage IV disease (29.4% vs. 56.5%, P = 0.002), liver metastasis(32.2% vs. 54.7%, P = 0.005) and those receiving liver resection(56.5% vs. 71.9% , P = 0.012). Multivariate analysis indicated that high NDRG2 expression was independently associated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.499; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.037-2.165; P = 0.031). Conclusions: Low expression of NDRG2 was associated with unfavorable prognosis in CRC patients with primary tumor resection. Detection of NDRG2 expression might be useful for providing valuable information of individualized therapy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yongshan Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Desen Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
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14
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Yang YQ, Tian T, Zhu HY, Liang JH, Wu W, Wu JZ, Xia Y, Wang L, Fan L, Li JY, Xu W. NDRG2 mRNA levels and miR-28-5p and miR-650 activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1009. [PMID: 30348117 PMCID: PMC6196416 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NDRG2 is identified as a tumor suppressor gene in many tumors, and functions in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent data indicate that NDRG2 expression is up-regulated by TP53. Moreover, proposed mechanisms of NDRG2 inactivation include epigenetic silencing of the NDRG2 promoter and down-regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, few studies have ever been done on the role of NDRG2 and the NDRG2-regulating miRNAs interference in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Methods NDRG2 and microRNAs mRNA levels in CLL subjects were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine NDRG2-related miRNAs. Low expression of mature exogenous miRNAs in CLL cells was established by transient transfection. NDRG2 protein levels in CLL cells were detected by western blot. In addition, flow cytometry was conducted to examine the apoptosis of CLL cells. Results Lower expression of NDRG2 was found in the B-cells from 102 CLL patients compared the 40 normal subjects (P < 0.001). Patients with advanced Binet stage (P = 0.001), high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = 0.036), un-mutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene (IGHV) (P = 0.004) and those with p53 aberrations (P < 0.001) had a markedly lower levels of NDRG2 mRNA. This decrease was associated with briefer time-to-treatment (P = 0.001) and poorer survival (P < 0.001). High expression of miR-28-5p and miR-650 was associated with Binet B/C stage (P = 0.044) and IGHV un-mutated (P = 0.011), as well as Binet B/C stage (P = 0.013) and p53 aberrations (P = 0.037), respectively. Inhibition of miR-28-5p or miR-650 could induce more apoptosis in CLL cells with germline TP53. Conclusions NDRG2 mRNA levels might be a useful prognostic variable for patients of CLL and up-regulating NDRG2 transcription may be a therapy approach in CLL without p53 aberrations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4915-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong Yang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hua-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin-Hua Liang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jia-Zhu Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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15
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Hu W, Yang Y, Fan C, Ma Z, Deng C, Li T, Lv J, Yao W, Gao J. Clinical and pathological significance of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in diverse human cancers. Apoptosis 2018; 21:675-82. [PMID: 27113371 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), located at chromosome 14q11.2, has been reported to be down-regulated and associated with the progression and prognosis of diverse cancers. Collectively, previous studies suggest that NDRG2 functions as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene; thus, up-regulation of NDRG2 protein might act as a promising therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors. The aim of this review was to comprehensively present the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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16
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Fu Q, Gao Y, Yang F, Mao T, Sun Z, Wang H, Song B, Li X. Suppression of microRNA-454 impedes the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells by promoting N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 and inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:120-127. [PMID: 29080452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-454 (miR-454) is emerging as critical regulator in tumorigenesis; it may function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. However, the role of miR-454 in prostate cancer remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and molecular mechanisms of miR-454 in prostate cancer. We found that miR-454 was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines (*p<0.05), as detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay and cell invasion assay showed that the inhibition of miR-454 significantly suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion (*p<0.05), whereas the overexpression of miR-454 markedly promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion (*p<0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a well-known tumor suppressor, was identified as a potential target gene of miR-454. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-454 directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of NDRG2. RT-qPCR and western blot showed that miR-454 overexpression significantly decreased NDRG2 expression (*p<0.05), whereas miR-454 inhibition markedly promoted NDRG2 expression (*p<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that miR-454 expression was inversely correlated with NDRG2 expression in prostate cancer tissues (r=-0.8932; p<0.0001). Moreover, miR-454 inhibition significantly suppressed the protein expression of β-catenin (*p<0.05) and blocked the activation of WNT signaling (*p<0.05). In addition, small interfering RNA mediated NDRG2 knockdown significantly reversed the antitumor effect of miR-454 inhibition on prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion (*p<0.05). Taken together, these results reveal an oncogenic role of miR-454, which promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by downregulation of NDRG2. These results also suggest miR-454 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yanyao Gao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Tianci Mao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Zhenye Sun
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
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17
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Alizadeh Zarei M, Takhshid M, Behzad Behbahani A, Hosseini S, Okhovat M, Rafiee Dehbidi G, Mosleh Shirazi M. Synergistic Effects of NDRG2 Overexpression and Radiotherapy on Cell Death of Human Prostate LNCaP Cells. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:257-264. [PMID: 29082216 PMCID: PMC5654131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is among the most conventional cancer therapeutic modalities with effective local tumor control. However, due to the development of radio-resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis often occur following radiation therapy. In recent years, combination of radiotherapy and gene therapy has been suggested to overcome this problem. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential synergistic effects of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) overexpression, a newly identified candidate tumor suppressor gene, with radiotherapy against proliferation of prostate LNCaP cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, LNCaP cells were exposed to X-ray radiation in the presence or absence of NDRG2 overexpression using plasmid PSES- pAdenoVator-PSA-NDRG2-IRES-GFP. The effects of NDRG2 overexpression, X-ray radiation or combination of both on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells were then analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometery, respectively. RESULTS Results of MTT assay showed that NDRG2 overexpression and X-ray radiation had a synergistic effect against proliferation of LNCaP cells. Moreover, NDRG2 overexpression increased apoptotic effect of X-ray radiation in LNCaP cells synergistically. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that NDRG2 overexpression in combination with radiotherapy may be an effective therapeutic option against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alizadeh Zarei
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M.A. Takhshid
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S.Y. Hosseini
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M.A. Okhovat
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gh.R. Rafiee Dehbidi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M.A. Mosleh Shirazi
- Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Wang G, Yang B, Wu L, Jin T, Wu Q, Zhang L, Wang L, Liu C, Liu T, Jiao S. Serum NDRG2 acts as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with gastric cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9029-9034. [PMID: 31966773 PMCID: PMC6965403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common digestive malignancies worldwide. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a differentiation-related gene which is considered to be a metastasis suppressor gene. The purpose of this study was to detect the serum expression of NDRG2 and its clinical significance in the early detection of patients with GC. METHODS Serum NDRG2 expression were examined in 107 patients with GC, 52 with benign gastric disease patients, and 64 healthy volunteers using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis at mRNA and protein level, respectively. The relationship between NDRG2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed by chi-square test. The diagnostic value of NDRG2 was estimated via establishing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS the serum NDRG2 expression was lower in GC patients than that in patients with benign disease and healthy volunteers both at mRNA and protein level (P<0.05). And the low NDRG2 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. ROC curve manifested that NDRG2 had a high diagnostic value with an AUC of 0.896 corresponding with a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 62.6%. CONCLUSION The expression of NDRG2 was reduced in GC patients. Moreover, serum NDRG2 could be a potential diagnostic marker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Qiyan Wu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Lingxiong Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Chunxi Liu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
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19
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Yamamura A, Miura K, Karasawa H, Motoi F, Mizuguchi Y, Saiki Y, Fukushige S, Sunamura M, Shibata C, Unno M, Horii A. NDRG2 , suppressed expression associates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer, is hypermethylated in the second promoter in human gastrointestinal cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Emerging role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:209-23. [PMID: 26506239 PMCID: PMC4807993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor and cell stress-related gene. NDRG2 is associated with tumor incidence, progression, and metastasis. NDRG2 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple conditions, treatments, and protein/RNA entities, including hyperthermia, trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which are promising potential cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the expression as well as the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in cancer. The pathological processes and molecular pathways regulated by NDRG2 are also summarized. Moreover, mechanisms for increasing NDRG2 expression in tumors and the potential directions of future NDRG2 research are discussed. The information reviewed here should assist in experimental design and increase the potential of NDRG2 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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21
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Faraji SN, Mojtahedi Z, Ghalamfarsa G, Takhshid MA. N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 overexpression reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities and cell invasion of A549 lung cancer cell line in vitro. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:773-9. [PMID: 26557966 PMCID: PMC4633460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a candidate gene for tumor suppression. The expression of NDRG2 is down-regulated in several tumors including lung cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of NDRG2 overexpression on invasion, migration, and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A recombinant plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged NDRG2 (pCMV6-AC-NDRG2-GFP) was used to overexpress GFP-tagged NDRG2 in A549 cells. The cells in the experimental group and those in the control group were transfected with pCMV6-AC-NDRG2-GFP and a control plasmid without NDRG2 (pCMV6-AC-GFP), respectively. Fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry analysis of GFP expression were used to evaluate the cellular expression of GFP-tagged NDRG2 and the efficiency of transfection. The effects of NDRG2 expression on cell invasion and migration were evaluated using transwell filter migration assay. The gelatinase activity of secreted MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS Our results demonstrated the expression of GFP-tagged NDRG2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of A549 cells. The findings of transwell assay showed that NDRG2 overexpression reduced migration and invasion of A549 cells compared to control cells. Gelatin zymography analyses revealed that NDRG2 overexpression decreased the gelatinase activity of secreted MMP-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that NDRG2 may be a new anti-invasion factor in lung cancer that inhibits MMPs activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Nooredin Faraji
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Takhshid
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Ali Takhshid. Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel/fax: +98-711-2270301;
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Lindskog C, Edlund K, Mattsson JSM, Micke P. Immunohistochemistry-based prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC: novel findings on the road to clinical use? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:471-90. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Elevated expression of CRYAB predicts unfavorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:142. [PMID: 25048725 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) is one of the principal members of the small heat-shock protein family, and several studies described the CRYAB expression in human cancers. However, the association between CRYAB expression and the clinical features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rarely elucidated. In this present study, one-step quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with 12 fresh-frozen NSCLC samples and Western blotting as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses in 101 NSCLC cases were conducted to investigate the relationship between CRYAB expression and the clinicopathological attributes of NSCLC. The results showed that CRYAB mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in NSCLC than in matched non-cancerous tissues (p < 0.05). The IHC data indicated that the CRYAB protein expression in NSCLC was significantly correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.043), and overall survival (p = 0.029). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multifactor analysis suggested that higher CRYAB protein level (p = 0.032) and TNM stage (p = 0.048) were statistically associated with the poor survival of patients with NSCLC. The data suggested that CRYAB may be identified as a novel prognostic marker and targeting CRYAB may provide a promising strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Skiriutė D, Steponaitis G, Vaitkienė P, Mikučiūnas M, Skauminas K, Tamašauskas A, Kazlauskas A. Glioma Malignancy-Dependent NDRG2 Gene Methylation and Downregulation Correlates with Poor Patient Outcome. J Cancer 2014; 5:446-56. [PMID: 24847385 PMCID: PMC4026998 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: NDRG2 (N-myc downstream regulated gene 2) gene is involved in important biological processes: cell differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Several molecular studies have shown NDRG2 as a promising diagnostic marker involved in brain tumor pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate how changes in epigenetic modification and activity of NDRG2 reflect on glioma malignancy and patient outcome. Methods: 137 different malignancy grade gliomas were used as the study material: 14 pilocytic astrocytomas grade I, 45 diffuse astrocytomas grade II, 29 anaplastic astrocytomas grade III, and 49 grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastomas). Promoter methylation analysis has been carried out by using methylation-specific PCR, whereas RT-PCR and Western-blot analyses were used to measure NDRG2 expression levels. Results: We demonstrated that NDRG2 gene methylation frequency increased whereas expression at both mRNA and protein levels markedly decreased in glioblastoma specimens compared to the lower grade astrocytomas. NDRG2 transcript and protein levels did not correlate with the promoter methylation state, suggesting the presence of alternative regulatory gene expression mechanisms that may operate in a tissue-specific manner in gliomas. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed significant differences in survival time in gliomas stratified by NDRG2 methylation status and mRNA and protein expression levels. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the usefulness of combining epigenetic data to gene expression patterns at mRNA and protein level in tumor biomarker studies, and suggest that NDRG2 downregulation might bear influence on glioma tumor progression while being associated with higher malignancy grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Skiriutė
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Steponaitis
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Vaitkienė
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mykolas Mikučiūnas
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Skauminas
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arimantas Tamašauskas
- 2. 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Kazlauskas
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Yamamura A, Miura K, Karasawa H, Morishita K, Abe K, Mizuguchi Y, Saiki Y, Fukushige S, Kaneko N, Sase T, Nagase H, Sunamura M, Motoi F, Egawa S, Shibata C, Unno M, Sasaki I, Horii A. Suppressed expression of NDRG2 correlates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:102-7. [PMID: 24134849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis; the molecular mechanisms of the development of this disease have not yet been fully elucidated. N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), one of the candidate tumor suppressor genes, is frequently downregulated in pancreatic cancer, but there has been little information regarding its expression in surgically resected pancreatic cancer specimens. We investigated an association between NDRG2 expression and prognosis in 69 primary resected pancreatic cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry and observed a significant association between poor prognosis and NDRG2-negative staining (P=0.038). Treatment with trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, predominantly up-regulated NDRG2 expression in the NDRG2 low-expressing cell lines (PANC-1, PCI-35, PK-45P, and AsPC-1). In contrast, no increased NDRG2 expression was observed after treatment with 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, and no hypermethylation was detected in either pancreatic cancer cell lines or surgically resected specimens by methylation specific PCR. Our present results suggest that (1) NDRG2 is functioning as one of the candidate tumor-suppressor genes in pancreatic carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications play an essential role in NDRG2 silencing, and (3) the expression of NDRG2 is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamamura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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