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Zhang L, Wu C, Liu T, Tian Y, Wang D, Wang B, Yin Y. Propofol Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier After Traumatic Brain Injury by Stabilizing the Extracellular Matrix via Prrx1: From Neuroglioma to Neurotrauma. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04202-z. [PMID: 38951281 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the shared molecular pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and high-grade glioma and investigate the mechanism of propofol (PF) as a potential protective agent. By analyzing the Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we compared the transcriptomic data of high-grade glioma and TBI patients to identify common pathological mechanisms. Through bioinformatics analysis, in vitro experiments and in vivo TBI model, we investigated the regulatory effect of PF on extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes through Prrx1 under oxidative stress. The impact of PF on BBB integrity under oxidative stress was investigated using a dual-layer BBB model, and we explored the protective effect of PF on tight junction proteins and ECM-related genes in mice after TBI. The study found that high-grade glioma and TBI share ECM instability as an important molecular pathological mechanism. PF stabilizes the ECM and protects the BBB by directly binding to Prrx1 or indirectly regulating Prrx1 through miRNAs. In addition, PF reduces intracellular calcium ions and ROS levels under oxidative stress, thereby preserving BBB integrity. In a TBI mouse model, PF protected BBB integrity through up-regulated tight junction proteins and stabilized the expression of ECM-related genes. Our study reveals the shared molecular pathogenesis between TBI and glioblastoma and demonstrate the potential of PF as a protective agent of BBB. This provides new targets and approaches for the development of novel neurotrauma therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin University Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yiqing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Du L, Lu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhou J, Wang L, He L, Shi J, Xu L, Li X, Lu Q, Yin X. LncRNA KIFAP3-5:1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cell through PRRX1 in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:47. [PMID: 38869718 PMCID: PMC11176233 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs play an important role in several pathogenic processes in diabetic nephropathy, but the relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in DN is unclear. Herein, we found that KIFAP3-5:1 expression was significantly down-regulated in DN plasma samples, db/db mouse kidney tissues and high glucose treated renal tubular epithelial cells compared to normal healthy samples and untreated cells. Overexpression of KIFAP3-5:1 improved renal fibrosis in db/db mice and rescued epithelial-mesenchymal transition of high glucose cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. The silence of KIFAP3-5:1 will exacerbate the progression of EMT. Mechanistically, KIFAP3-5:1 was confirmed to directly target to the -488 to -609 element of the PRRX1 promoter and negatively modulate PRRX1 mRNA and protein expressions. Furthermore, rescue assays demonstrated that the knockdown of PRRX1 counteracted the KIFAP3-5:1 low expression-mediated effects on EMT in hRPTECs cultured under high glucose. The plasma KIFAP3-5:1 of DN patients is highly correlated with the severity of renal dysfunction and plays an important role in the prediction model of DN diseases. These findings suggested that KIFAP3-5:1 plays a critical role in regulation of renal EMT and fibrosis through suppress PRRX1, and highlight the clinical potential of KIFAP3-5:1 to assist in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinfei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijia Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieling Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiasen Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xizhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Lu G, Cai Z, Jiang R, Tong F, Tu J, Chen Y, Fu Y, Sun J, Zhang T. Reduced expression of E-cadherin correlates with poor prognosis and unfavorable clinicopathological features in gastric carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10271-10298. [PMID: 38870263 PMCID: PMC11236327 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most fatal human malignancies globally, with a median survival time less than 1 year. E-cadherin exerts a crucial role in the development and progression of GC as an adhesive, invasive suppressor gene. Whether reduced E-cadherin has an impact on prognosis, clinicopathological features for GC has been well studied, but no conclusive results has been obtained. METHODS Eligible studies and relevant data were obtained from PubMed, Elsevier, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases until June 30, 2023. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Correlation of E-cadherin expression with overall survival (OS), clinicopathological features and risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS 36 studies fulfilled the selected criteria. 9048 cases were included. This meta-analysis showed that patients with GC with reduced E-cadherin had unfavourable clinicopathological features and poor OS. The pooled ORs of one-, three- and five-year OS were 0.38 (n = 25 studies, 95%CI: 0.25-0.57, Z = 4.61, P < 0.00001), 0.33 (n = 25 studies, 95% CI: 0.23-0.47, Z = 6.22, P < 0.00001), 0.27 (n = 22 studies, 95% CI: 0.18-0.41, Z = 6.23, P < 0.00001), respectively. Moreover, reduced E-cadherin expression significantly correlated with differentiation grade (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.22-0.39, Z = 8.58, P < 0.00001), depth of invasion (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36-0.66, Z = 4.58, P < 0.00001), lymphatic node metastasis (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38-0.64, Z = 5.38, P < 0.00001), distant metastasis (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.62-3.09, Z = 4.88, P < 0.00001), peritoneal metastasis (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.39-3.39, Z = 3.40, P = 0.0007), TNM stage (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28-0.61, Z = 4.44, P < 0.00001), lymphatic vessel invasion (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.11-2.82, Z = 2.39, P = 0.02), vascular invasion (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.22-1.96, Z = 3.58, P = 0.0003), Lauren type (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.21-0.57, Z = 4.14, P < 0.0001), Borrmann classification (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25-0.99, Z = 1.97, P = 0.048) and tumor size (≥5 cm vs. <5 cm: OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.34-2.23, Z = 4.19, P < 0.0001; ≥6 cm vs. <6 cm: OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.51-3.49, Z = 3.87, P = 0.0001). No significant association was observed between reduced E-cadherin expression and liver metastasis, perineural invasion, alcohol consumption, smoking status, familial history, Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. CONCLUSIONS The reduced expression of E-cadherin is significantly correlated with poor OS and unfavourable clinicopathological features in GC. The expression level of E-cadherin not only serves as a predictor for disease progression and prognosis in GC but also emerges as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genlin Lu
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Zhai Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Renya Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Jinming Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Yandong Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Yinglan Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
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Khan AQ, Hasan A, Mir SS, Rashid K, Uddin S, Steinhoff M. Exploiting transcription factors to target EMT and cancer stem cells for tumor modulation and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 100:1-16. [PMID: 38503384 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are essential in controlling gene regulatory networks that determine cellular fate during embryogenesis and tumor development. TFs are the major players in promoting cancer stemness by regulating the function of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding how TFs interact with their downstream targets for determining cell fate during embryogenesis and tumor development is a critical area of research. CSCs are increasingly recognized for their significance in tumorigenesis and patient prognosis, as they play a significant role in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. However, traditional therapies have limited effectiveness in eliminating this subset of cells, allowing CSCs to persist and potentially form secondary tumors. Recent studies have revealed that cancer cells and tumors with CSC-like features also exhibit genes related to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT-associated transcription factors (EMT-TFs) like TWIST and Snail/Slug can upregulate EMT-related genes and reprogram cancer cells into a stem-like phenotype. Importantly, the regulation of EMT-TFs, particularly through post-translational modifications (PTMs), plays a significant role in cancer metastasis and the acquisition of stem cell-like features. PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can alter the stability, localization, and activity of EMT-TFs, thereby modulating their ability to drive EMT and stemness properties in cancer cells. Although targeting EMT-TFs holds potential in tackling CSCs, current pharmacological approaches to do so directly are unavailable. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role of EMT- and CSC-TFs, their connection and impact in cellular development and cancer, emphasizing the potential of TF networks as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Urology,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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5
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Hao X, Fu Y, Li S, Nie J, Zhang B, Zhang H. Porcine transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) regulates muscle growth via the Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Ca 2+ pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130855. [PMID: 38490377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels allow the intracellular entry of Ca2+ and play important roles in several physio-pathological processes. In this study, we constructed transgenic mice expressing porcine TRPC1 (Tg-pTRPC1) to verify the effects of TRPC1 on skeletal muscle growth and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Porcine TRPC1 increased the muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area, and exercise endurance of mice and accelerated muscle repair and regeneration. TRPC1 overexpression enhanced β-catenin expression and promoted myogenesis, which was partly reversed by inhibitors of β-catenin. TRPC1 facilitated the accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ and nuclear translocation of the NFATC2/NFATC2IP complex involved in the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, promoting muscle growth. Paired related homeobox 1 (Prrx1) promoted the expression of TRPC1, NFATC2, and NFATC2IP that participate in the regulation of muscle growth. Taken together, our findings indicate that porcine TRPC1 promoted by Prrx1 could regulate muscle development through activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingru Nie
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China.
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Mierke CT. Phenotypic Heterogeneity, Bidirectionality, Universal Cues, Plasticity, Mechanics, and the Tumor Microenvironment Drive Cancer Metastasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 38397421 PMCID: PMC10887446 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor diseases become a huge problem when they embark on a path that advances to malignancy, such as the process of metastasis. Cancer metastasis has been thoroughly investigated from a biological perspective in the past, whereas it has still been less explored from a physical perspective. Until now, the intraluminal pathway of cancer metastasis has received the most attention, while the interaction of cancer cells with macrophages has received little attention. Apart from the biochemical characteristics, tumor treatments also rely on the tumor microenvironment, which is recognized to be immunosuppressive and, as has recently been found, mechanically stimulates cancer cells and thus alters their functions. The review article highlights the interaction of cancer cells with other cells in the vascular metastatic route and discusses the impact of this intercellular interplay on the mechanical characteristics and subsequently on the functionality of cancer cells. For instance, macrophages can guide cancer cells on their intravascular route of cancer metastasis, whereby they can help to circumvent the adverse conditions within blood or lymphatic vessels. Macrophages induce microchannel tunneling that can possibly avoid mechanical forces during extra- and intravasation and reduce the forces within the vascular lumen due to vascular flow. The review article highlights the vascular route of cancer metastasis and discusses the key players in this traditional route. Moreover, the effects of flows during the process of metastasis are presented, and the effects of the microenvironment, such as mechanical influences, are characterized. Finally, the increased knowledge of cancer metastasis opens up new perspectives for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth System Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Guo JB, Du M, Wang B, Zhong L, Fu ZX, Wei JL. Paired-related homeobox 1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oesophageal squamous cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:2185-2196. [PMID: 38173429 PMCID: PMC10758647 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis. AIM To assess the significance of PRRX1 expression and investigate the mechanism of EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis. METHODS Detect the expression of PRRX1 by immunohistochemistry in oesophageal tumour tissues and adjacent normal oesophageal tissues; the PRRX1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or blank vector lentiviral gene delivery system was transfected into cells; cell proliferation assay, soft agar colony formation assays, cell invasion and migration assays and animal studies were used to observe cells biological characteristics In vitro and in vivo; XAV939 and LiCl were used to alter the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression of EMT markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RESULTS PRRX1 is expressed at high levels in oesophageal cancer specimens and is closely related to tumour metastasis in patients with oesophageal cancer. Regulation of PRRX1 expression might exert obvious effects on cell proliferation, especially the migration and invasion of oesophageal cancer cells. Moreover, silencing PRRX1 expression using a shRNA produced the opposite effects. In addition, when PRRX1 was overexpressed, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with XAV939 negated the effect of PRRX1 on EMT, whereas when PRRX1 was downregulated, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with LiCl impaired the effect on EMT. CONCLUSION PRRX1 is upregulated in oesophageal cancer is closely correlated with cancer metastasis. Additionally, PRRX1 induces EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ming Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhong-Xue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin-Lai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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8
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Arfelli VC, Chang YC, Bagnoli JW, Kerbs P, Ciamponi FE, Paz LMDS, Pankivskyi S, de Matha Salone J, Maucuer A, Massirer KB, Enard W, Kuster B, Greif PA, Archangelo LF. UHMK1 is a novel splicing regulatory kinase. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103041. [PMID: 36803961 PMCID: PMC10033318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The U2AF Homology Motif Kinase 1 (UHMK1) is the only kinase that contains the U2AF homology motif, a common protein interaction domain among splicing factors. Through this motif, UHMK1 interacts with the splicing factors SF1 and SF3B1, known to participate in the 3' splice site recognition during the early steps of spliceosome assembly. Although UHMK1 phosphorylates these splicing factors in vitro, the involvement of UHMK1 in RNA processing has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we identify novel putative substrates of this kinase and evaluate UHMK1 contribution to overall gene expression and splicing, by integrating global phosphoproteomics, RNA-seq, and bioinformatics approaches. Upon UHMK1 modulation, 163 unique phosphosites were differentially phosphorylated in 117 proteins, of which 106 are novel potential substrates of this kinase. Gene Ontology analysis showed enrichment of terms previously associated with UHMK1 function, such as mRNA splicing, cell cycle, cell division, and microtubule organization. The majority of the annotated RNA-related proteins are components of the spliceosome but are also involved in several steps of gene expression. Comprehensive analysis of splicing showed that UHMK1 affected over 270 alternative splicing events. Moreover, splicing reporter assay further supported UHMK1 function on splicing. Overall, RNA-seq data demonstrated that UHMK1 knockdown had a minor impact on transcript expression and pointed to UHMK1 function in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Functional assays demonstrated that UHMK1 modulation affects proliferation, colony formation, and migration. Taken together, our data implicate UHMK1 as a splicing regulatory kinase, connecting protein regulation through phosphorylation and gene expression in key cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Arfelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yun-Chien Chang
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes W Bagnoli
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paul Kerbs
- Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe E Ciamponi
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laissa M da S Paz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Serhii Pankivskyi
- SABNP, Univ Evry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Alexandre Maucuer
- SABNP, Univ Evry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Philipp A Greif
- Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia Fröhlich Archangelo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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An Overview of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Canine Tumors: How Far Have We Come? Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010019. [PMID: 36669020 PMCID: PMC9865109 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical and clinical studies in human medicine have provided new insights, pushing forward the contemporary knowledge. The new results represented a motivation for investigators in specific fields of veterinary medicine, who addressed the same research topics from different perspectives in studies based on experimental and spontaneous animal disease models. The study of different pheno-genotypic contexts contributes to the confirmation of translational models of pathologic mechanisms. This review provides an overview of EMT and MET processes in both human and canine species. While human medicine rapidly advances, having a large amount of information available, veterinary medicine is not at the same level. This situation should provide motivation for the veterinary medicine research field, to apply the knowledge on humans to research in pets. By merging the knowledge of these two disciplines, better and faster results can be achieved, thus improving human and canine health.
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10
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Malpeli G, Barbi S, Innamorati G, Alloggio M, Filippini F, Decimo I, Castelli C, Perris R, Bencivenga M. Landscape of Druggable Molecular Pathways Downstream of Genomic CDH1/Cadherin-1 Alterations in Gastric Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122006. [PMID: 36556227 PMCID: PMC9784514 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of CDH1/Cadherin-1 is a common step towards the acquisition of an abnormal epithelial phenotype. In gastric cancer (GC), mutation and/or downregulation of CDH1/Cadherin-1 is recurrent in sporadic and hereditary diffuse GC type. To approach the molecular events downstream of CDH1/Cadherin-1 alterations and their relevance in gastric carcinogenesis, we queried public databases for genetic and DNA methylation data in search of molecular signatures with a still-uncertain role in the pathological mechanism of GC. In all GC subtypes, modulated genes correlating with CDH1/Cadherin-1 aberrations are associated with stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways. A higher level of genes upregulated in CDH1-mutated GC cases is associated with reduced overall survival. In the diffuse GC (DGC) subtype, genes downregulated in CDH1-mutated compared to cases with wild type CDH1/Cadherin-1 resulted in being strongly intertwined with the DREAM complex. The inverse correlation between hypermethylated CpGs and CDH1/Cadherin-1 transcription in diverse subtypes implies a common epigenetic program. We identified nonredundant protein-encoding isoforms of 22 genes among those differentially expressed in GC compared to normal stomach. These unique proteins represent potential agents involved in cell transformation and candidate therapeutic targets. Meanwhile, drug-induced and CDH1/Cadherin-1 mutation-related gene expression comparison predicts FIT, GR-127935 hydrochloride, amiodarone hydrochloride in GC and BRD-K55722623, BRD-K13169950, and AY 9944 in DGC as the most effective treatments, providing cues for the design of combined pharmacological treatments. By integrating genetic and epigenetic aspects with their expected functional outcome, we unveiled promising targets for combinatorial pharmacological treatments of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Malpeli
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Barbi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Innamorati
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mariella Alloggio
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department and of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Filippini
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department and of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Castelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Perris
- Department of Biosciences, COMT-Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Bencivenga
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department and of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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11
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Huang Y, Hong W, Wei X. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of EMT in tumor progression and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 36076302 PMCID: PMC9461252 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated with malignant properties of tumor cells during cancer progression and metastasis, including promoted migration and invasiveness, increased tumor stemness, and enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. EMT is tightly regulated by a complex network which is orchestrated with several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including multiple transcription factors, post-translational control, epigenetic modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the stages of tumorigenesis involved in the EMT process and discussed the dynamic non-binary process of EMT and its role in tumor metastasis. Finally, we summarized the challenges of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in EMT and proposed strategies for tumor therapy targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Sinha T, Ikelle L, Makia MS, Crane R, Zhao X, Kakakhel M, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. Riboflavin deficiency leads to irreversible cellular changes in the RPE and disrupts retinal function through alterations in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102375. [PMID: 35738087 PMCID: PMC9233280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ariboflavinosis is a pathological condition occurring as a result of riboflavin deficiency. This condition is treatable if detected early enough, but it lacks timely diagnosis. Critical symptoms of ariboflavinosis include neurological and visual manifestations, yet the effects of flavin deficiency on the retina are not well investigated. Here, using a diet induced mouse model of riboflavin deficiency, we provide the first evidence of how retinal function and metabolism are closely intertwined with riboflavin homeostasis. We find that diet induced riboflavin deficiency causes severe decreases in retinal function accompanied by structural changes in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This is preceded by increased signs of cellular oxidative stress and metabolic disorder, in particular dysregulation in lipid metabolism, which is essential for both photoreceptors and the RPE. Though many of these deleterious phenotypes can be ameliorated by riboflavin supplementation, our data suggests that some patients may continue to suffer from multiple pathologies at later ages. These studies provide an essential cellular and mechanistic foundation linking defects in cellular flavin levels with the manifestation of functional deficiencies in the visual system and paves the way for a more in-depth understanding of the cellular consequences of ariboflavinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Larissa Ikelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mustafa S Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ryan Crane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mashal Kakakhel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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13
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Brown MS, Muller KE, Pattabiraman DR. Quantifying the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) from Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1138. [PMID: 35267444 PMCID: PMC8909103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are critical components of the metastatic cascade in breast cancer and many other solid tumor types. Recent work has uncovered the presence of a variety of states encompassed within the EMT spectrum, each of which may play unique roles or work collectively to impact tumor progression. However, defining EMT status is not routinely carried out to determine patient prognosis or dictate therapeutic decision-making in the clinic. Identifying and quantifying the presence of various EMT states within a tumor is a critical first step to scoring patient tumors to aid in determining prognosis. Here, we review the major strides taken towards translating our understanding of EMT biology from bench to bedside. We review previously used approaches including basic immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, single-cell sequencing, and multiplexed tumor mapping. Future studies will benefit from the consideration of multiple methods and combinations of markers in designing a diagnostic tool for detecting and measuring EMT in patient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S. Brown
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Kristen E. Muller
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
| | - Diwakar R. Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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14
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Wang C, Liang C. The insertion and dysregulation of transposable elements in osteosarcoma and their association with patient event-free survival. Sci Rep 2022; 12:377. [PMID: 35013466 PMCID: PMC8748539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of transposable elements (TEs) has been explored in a variety of cancers. However, TE activities in osteosarcoma (OS) have not been extensively studied yet. By integrative analysis of RNA-seq, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and methylation data, we showed aberrant TE activities associated with dysregulations of TEs in OS tumors. Specifically, expression levels of LINE-1 and Alu of different evolutionary ages, as well as subfamilies of SVA and HERV-K, were significantly up-regulated in OS tumors, accompanied by enhanced DNA repair responses. We verified the characteristics of LINE-1 mediated TE insertions, including target site duplication (TSD) length (centered around 15 bp) and preferential insertions into intergenic and AT-rich regions as well as intronic regions of longer genes. By filtering polymorphic TE insertions reported in 1000 genome project (1KGP), besides 148 tumor-specific somatic TE insertions, we found most OS patient-specific TE insertions (3175 out of 3326) are germline insertions, which are associated with genes involved in neuronal processes or with transcription factors important for cancer development. In addition to 68 TE-affected cancer genes, we found recurrent germline TE insertions in 72 non-cancer genes with high frequencies among patients. We also found that +/− 500 bps flanking regions of transcription start sites (TSS) of LINE-1 (young) and Alu showed lower methylation levels in OS tumor samples than controls. Interestingly, by incorporating patient clinical data and focusing on TE activities in OS tumors, our data analysis suggested that higher TE insertions in OS tumors are associated with a longer event-free survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA.
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15
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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and its transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230017. [PMID: 34708244 PMCID: PMC8703024 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition or EMT is an extremely dynamic process involved in conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, stimulated by an ensemble of signaling pathways, leading to change in cellular morphology, suppression of epithelial characters and acquisition of properties such as enhanced cell motility and invasiveness, reduced cell death by apoptosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs etc. Significantly, EMT has been found to play a crucial role during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and would healing, as well as during cancer metastasis. Over the years, work from various laboratories have identified a rather large number of transcription factors (TFs) including the master regulators of EMT, with the ability to regulate the EMT process directly. In this review, we put together these EMT TFs and discussed their role in the process. We have also tried to focus on their mechanism of action, their interdependency, and the large regulatory network they form. Subsequently, it has become clear that the composition and structure of the transcriptional regulatory network behind EMT probably varies based upon various physiological and pathological contexts, or even in a cell/tissue type-dependent manner.
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16
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Sledzieski S, Singh R, Cowen L, Berger B. D-SCRIPT translates genome to phenome with sequence-based, structure-aware, genome-scale predictions of protein-protein interactions. Cell Syst 2021; 12:969-982.e6. [PMID: 34536380 PMCID: PMC8586911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We combine advances in neural language modeling and structurally motivated design to develop D-SCRIPT, an interpretable and generalizable deep-learning model, which predicts interaction between two proteins using only their sequence and maintains high accuracy with limited training data and across species. We show that a D-SCRIPT model trained on 38,345 human PPIs enables significantly improved functional characterization of fly proteins compared with the state-of-the-art approach. Evaluating the same D-SCRIPT model on protein complexes with known 3D structure, we find that the inter-protein contact map output by D-SCRIPT has significant overlap with the ground truth. We apply D-SCRIPT to screen for PPIs in cow (Bos taurus) at a genome-wide scale and focusing on rumen physiology, identify functional gene modules related to metabolism and immune response. The predicted interactions can then be leveraged for function prediction at scale, addressing the genome-to-phenome challenge, especially in species where little data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sledzieski
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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17
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Du W, Liu X, Yang M, Wang W, Sun J. The Regulatory Role of PRRX1 in Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4223-4229. [PMID: 34295164 PMCID: PMC8291965 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s316102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PRRX1 (paired related homeobox 1), a member of the paired homeobox family, exhibits an important role in tumor. It is closely correlated to the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). PRRX1 is an important transcription factor regulating EMT and plays an important role in tumor progression. In the process of tumor metastasis, PRRX1 mainly regulates the occurrence of EMT in tumor cells through TGF-β signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway. PRRX1 is not only closely related to the tumor cell stemness but also involved in miRNA regulation of EMT. Therefore, PRRX1 may be a target for inhibiting the proliferation, metastasis and stemness of tumor cells. The current review provides a systemic profile of the regulatory role of PRRX1 in cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Du
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Liu
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Yang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, People's Republic of China
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18
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Prrx1 promotes stemness and angiogenesis via activating TGF-β/smad pathway and upregulating proangiogenic factors in glioma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:615. [PMID: 34131109 PMCID: PMC8206106 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most lethal cancers with highly vascularized networks and growing evidences have identified glioma stem cells (GSCs) to account for excessive angiogenesis in glioma. Aberrant expression of paired-related homeobox1 (Prrx1) has been functionally associated with cancer stem cells including GSCs. In this study, Prrx1 was found to be markedly upregulated in glioma specimens and elevated Prrx1 expression was inversely correlated with prognosis of glioma patients. Prrx1 potentiated stemness acquisition in non-stem tumor cells (NSTCs) and stemness maintenance in GSCs, accompanied with increased expression of stemness markers such as SOX2. Prrx1 also promoted glioma angiogenesis by upregulating proangiogenic factors such as VEGF. Consistently, silencing Prrx1 markedly inhibited glioma proliferation, stemness, and angiogenesis in vivo. Using a combination of subcellular proteomics and in vitro analyses, we revealed that Prrx1 directly bound to the promoter regions of TGF-β1 gene, upregulated TGF-β1 expression, and ultimately activated the TGF-β/smad pathway. Silencing TGF-β1 mitigated the malignant behaviors induced by Prrx1. Activation of this pathway cooperates with Prrx1 to upregulate the expression of stemness-related genes and proangiogenic factors. In summary, our findings revealed that Prrx1/TGF-β/smad signal axis exerted a critical role in glioma stemness and angiogeneis. Disrupting the function of this signal axis might represent a new therapeutic strategy in glioma patients.
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19
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Chen W, Wu J, Shi W, Zhang G, Chen X, Ji A, Wang Z, Wu J, Jiang C. PRRX1 deficiency induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition through PITX2/miR-200-dependent SLUG/CTNNB1 regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2158-2172. [PMID: 33587761 PMCID: PMC8177778 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major obstacle to better prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is the driving force for metastatic colonization in which E-cadherin re-expression is a critical procedure. It has been reported that the loss of paired-related homeobox transcription factor 1 (PRRX1) is required for cancer cell metastasis. However, the role of PRRX1 in MET and how its downregulation triggers E-cadherin re-expression are unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic, mechanistic study regarding the role of PRRX1 in MET of HCC. We observed PRRX1 downregulation in HCC tissues, which correlated with early metastasis and short overall survival. Overexpression of PRRX1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but did not promote metastasis formation, while knockdown of PRRX1 promoted metastasis and colonization of circulating HCC cells as shown in animal model. PRRX1 protein levels reversely correlated with E-cadherin levels in HCC cell lines. PRRX1 knockdown promoted E-cadherin re-expression and cell proliferation and inhibited cell invasion and migration. The microarray results showed that PRRX1 deficiency regulated extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, focal adhesion, TGF-β signaling and cancer pathways. PRRX1 knockdown upregulated paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) and inhibited catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) and SNAIL family zinc finger 2 (SLUG). Silencing of PITX2 reversed CTNNB1 and SLUG inhibition and E-cadherin re-expression. PITX2 upregulation increased miR-200a and miR-200b/429, which further inhibited the transcription of CTNNB1 and SLUG, respectively, thus abrogating the inhibitory effect on E-cadherin. In conclusion, our data showed that the downregulation of PRRX1 induced E-cadherin re-expression through PITX2/miR-200a/CTNNB1 and PITX2/miR-200b/429/SLUG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgerythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Junyi Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgerythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Anlai Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
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20
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Zhu M, Ye C, Wang J, Yang G, Ying X. Activation of COL11A1 by PRRX1 promotes tumor progression and radioresistance in ovarian cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:958-967. [PMID: 33970764 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although radiotherapy is a common treatment option for all kinds of cancer patients, including ovarian cancer, a major obstacle limiting its application in the development of resistance. Therefore, it is urgently needed to clarify the mechanism of radiosensitivity modulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained open datasets and analyzed the expression of collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) in ovarian cancer patients with different stages. Meanwhile, the correlation of COL11A1 and survival outcomes is determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The role of COL11A1 in cell proliferation was observed in an in vitro knockdown system. SKOV3 radioresistant cells were established to determine the role of COL11A1 on radioresistant in ovarian cancer. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION COL11A1 were highly enriched in late-stage ovarian cancer tumor tissues and negatively correlated with survival outcomes in ovarian cancer. The functional analysis found that COL11A1 promoted ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Importantly, COL11A1 decreased radiosensitivity in ovarian cancer by AKT activation. Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) acted as an upstream transcription factor to regulate COL11A1 expression in ovarian cancer. Increased COL11A1 expression is related to low survival outcomes and radiosensitivity in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Targeting COL11A1 is a promising strategy for improving radiotherapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxia Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Ji Y, Gao L, Zhang C, Sun X, Dai L, Ji Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cao W, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Identification of the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer and correlation of indicators with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels. J Cancer 2021; 12:4025-4038. [PMID: 34093807 PMCID: PMC8176244 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To identify the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer (GC) and determine the correlation between prognostic indicators and the tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels so as to provide useful information for future GC diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) stomach adenocarcinoma dataset and two microarray datasets were used to screen the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal gastric and GC tissue samples. Hub genes were screened via protein-protein interaction networks and module analysis of the overlapping DEGs. Their expression was validated at the cell level and tissue level using the ONCOMINE database. The prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival was identified by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis based on tumor grade and cancer stage. The expression of hub genes was validated at the cell level. The correlation of prognostic indicators with the tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels was analyzed using Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource. Results: Ten hub genes, namely CDC6, CDC20, BUB1B, TOP2A, CDK1, AURKA, CCNA2, CCNB1, MAD2L1, and KIF11, were screened and their upregulation in the GC tissue was verified. Three prognostic factors, namely LUM, VCAN, and EFNA4, were identified; their expression was higher in GC cells than in normal cells. LUM, VCAN, and EFNA4 were correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels in GC. Significance: The identified hub genes and prognostic indicators of GC could be useful indicators for future GC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lu Gao
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Can Zhang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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22
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Expression and clinical significance of paired- related homeobox 1 and Smad2 in gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:154-160. [PMID: 32868636 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has a high incidence rate and low survival rate of gastric cancer. Therefore, there is a great need to further identify novel oncogenes and clinically applicable molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. METHODS Expressions of PRRX1, Smad2, epithelial phenotype marker E-cadherin, and interstitial phenotype vimentin protein in a sample of 64 gastric carcinoma and adjacent nontumorous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Their relationship and correlations with clinicopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS The positive rates of PRRX1, Smad2, E-cadherin, and vimentin protein in primary tumors were 60.94% (39/64), 59.38% (38/64), 34.38%(22/64), and 64.06% (41/64), respectively. A significant correlation was found among the expression of PRRX1, Smad2, E-cadherin, and vimentin (P < 0.05). Expression of the PRRX1, Smad2, and vimentin protein in gastric cancer tissue was correlated with Borrmann classification, lymph node-positive number, the degree of differentiation, depth of tumor invasion, and serum pepsinogen I (PGI) level (P < 0.05), but not with age, sex, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, serum CA199, or PGI/PGII (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The positive rate of PRRX1 protein expression was positively correlated with the protein expression of Smad2 and vimentin, but negatively correlated with E-cadherin protein. PRRX1, Smad2, and vimentin proteins are associated with Borrmann type, lymph node positives, histologic grade, depth of tumor invasion, and serum PGI levels, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer.
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Yao J, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Zhu C, Wen X, Liu T, Da M. PRRX1 promotes lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24674. [PMID: 33578599 PMCID: PMC10545397 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer has multiple metastasis pathways, of which lymph node metastasis plays a dominant role. However, the specific mechanism of lymph node metastasis is still not unclear. METHODS The bioinformatics technology was utilized to mine gene chip data related to gastric cancer and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in a high-throughput gene expression database (Gene Expression Omnibus, GEO), we screened out all genes that have differential expression levels in gastric cancer tissues and in adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues. The corresponding function package of R language software were performed for gene annotation and cluster analysis, then enrichment analysis of genes with differential expression and protein interaction network diagram for correlation analysis were performed, we finally screened out the paired related homeobox 1 gene (PRRX1) related to EMT. Next, we collected 65 metastatic lymph node samples and 93 gastric cancer tissue samples. The expression levels of PRRX1 and EMT-related protein E-cadherin (E-ca) and vimentin (Vim) in gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph node tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of streptavidin-peroxidase (SP). The expression differences of PRRX1, E-ca and Vim in gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph node tissues as well as the correlation were analyzed by the experimental data, and the clinical significance was analyzed in combination with the clinicopathological data. RESULTS The PRRX1 expression levels in gastric cancer tissues are significantly higher than that in adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues. The positive expression rates of PRRX1, Vim and E-ca in gastric cancer and in metastatic lymph node tissues were significantly different. Comparing with that in gastric cancer, expression of PRRX1 and Vim was significantly down-regulated, and E-ca expression was significantly up-regulated in metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION PRRX1 may promote lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer by regulating EMT, and then affect the prognosis of patients. PRRX1 may be used as a new biological indicator to predict or prevent lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Yu Xia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
| | - Chenglou Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Xiaoxiong Wen
- Day Clinic, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Mingxu Da
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou
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24
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Yang R, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Ci H, Song C, Wu S. Low PRRX1 expression and high ZEB1 expression are significantly correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24472. [PMID: 33530259 PMCID: PMC7850718 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) have been observed to play a vital role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in different types of cancer. The microvessel density (MVD) is the most common indicator used to quantify angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate expression of PRRX1 and ZEB1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore associations between these factors and tumor prognosis, EMT markers and angiogenesis. METHODS Data for a total of 111 surgically resected NSCLC cases from January 2013 to December 2014 were collected. We used an immunohistochemical method to detect expression levels of PRRX1, ZEB1, and E-cadherin, and to assess MVD (marked by CD34 staining). SPSS 26.0 was employed to evaluate the connection between these factors and clinical and histopathological features, overall survival (OS) and tumor angiogenesis. RESULTS PRRX1 expression was obviously lower in tumor samples than in control samples. Low expression of PRRX1, which was more common in the high-MVD group than in the low-MVD group (P = .009), correlated positively with E-cadherin expression (P < .001). Additionally, we showed that ZEB1 was expressed at higher levels in tumor samples than in normal samples. High expression of ZEB1 was associated negatively with E-cadherin expression (P < .001) and positively associated with high MVD (P = .001). Based on Kaplan-Meier and multivariate survival analyses, we found that PRRX1, ZEB1, E-cadherin and the MVD had predictive value for OS in NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PRRX1 and ZEB1 may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology
| | - Yuanqun Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology
| | - Hongfei Ci
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology
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25
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Joko R, Yamada D, Nakamura M, Yoshida A, Takihira S, Takao T, Lu M, Sato K, Ito T, Kunisada T, Nakata E, Ozaki T, Takarada T. PRRX1 promotes malignant properties in human osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100960. [PMID: 33395745 PMCID: PMC7726447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PRRX1 is a poor-prognosis marker of human osteosarcoma. PRRX1 promotes proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance in human osteosarcoma. Forskolin was identified using RNA expression signatures of PRRX1 knockdown. Forskolin decreased proliferation and migration in human osteosarcoma.
Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a marker of limb bud mesenchymal cells, and deficiency of p53 or Rb in Prrx1-positive cells induces osteosarcoma in several mouse models. However, the regulatory roles of PRRX1 in human osteosarcoma have not been defined. In this study, we performed PRRX1 immunostaining on 35 human osteosarcoma specimens to assess the correlation between PRRX1 level and overall survival. In patients with osteosarcoma, the expression level of PRRX1 positively correlated with poor prognosis or the ratio of lung metastasis. Additionally, we found PRRX1 expression on in 143B cells, a human osteosarcoma line with a high metastatic capacity. Downregulation of PRRX1 not only suppressed proliferation and invasion but also increased the sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. When 143B cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, PRRX1 knockdown decreased tumor sizes and rates of lung metastasis. Interestingly, forskolin, a chemical compound identified by Connectivity Map analysis using RNA expression signatures during PRRX1 knockdown, decreased tumor proliferation and cell migration to the same degree as PRRX1 knockdown. These results demonstrate that PRRX1 promotes tumor malignancy in human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Joko
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aki Yoshida
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Takihira
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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26
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Luo H, Cong S, Dong J, Jin L, Jiang D, Wang X, Chen Q, Li F. Paired‑related homeobox 1 overexpression promotes multidrug resistance via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3183-3190. [PMID: 32945446 PMCID: PMC7453582 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of disease relapse and mortality in breast cancer. Paired‑related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is associated with the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is involved in tumor development, including cell invasion and MDR. However, the effect of PRRX1 on MDR had not clearly established. The present study investigated the influence of PRRX1 on MDR and the underlying molecular mechanisms in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells. MCF‑7 cells were divided into PRRX1+ group (cells transfected with a recombinant plasmid carrying the PRRX1 gene), negative control group (cells transfected with a blank vector) and blank group (untreated cells). It was found that the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of PRRX1, N‑cadherin, vimentin and P‑glycoprotein were significantly higher in PRRX1‑overexpressing MCF‑7 cells compared with those in control cells. The half‑maximal inhibitory concentration of three groups after treatment with docetaxel and cis‑platinum complexes were significantly higher in PRRX1‑overexpressing MCF‑7 cells compared with those in control cells. Furthermore, relative PTEN expression decreased significantly and levels of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT increased substantially in PRRX1‑overexpressing MCF‑7 cells. These results indicated that PRRX1 overexpression may induce MDR via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling in breast cancer. It is highly recommended that PRRX1 gene expression detection should be performed in patients with breast cancer to aid the selection of more appropriate treatments, which will lead to an improved prognosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Luo
- Department of Breast Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- Department of Breast Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Litao Jin
- Department of Breast Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Department of Breast Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Breast Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Department of Breast Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Funian Li
- Department of Breast Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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27
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Zhang WL, Wang SS, Jiang YP, Liu Y, Yu XH, Wu JB, Wang K, Pang X, Liao P, Liang XH, Tang YL. Fatty acid synthase contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma through PRRX1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11465-11476. [PMID: 32820613 PMCID: PMC7576276 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) has been shown to be selectively up‐regulated in cancer cells to drive the development of cancer. However, the role and associated mechanism of FASN in regulating the malignant progression of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) still remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that FASN inhibition attenuated invasion, metastasis and EMT of SACC cells as well as the expression ofPRRX1, ZEB1, Twist, Slug and Snail, among which the level of PRRX1 changed the most obviously. Overexpression of PRRX1 restored migration and invasion in FASN knockdown cells, indicating that PRRX1 is an important downstream target of FASN signalling. Levels of cyclin D1 and c‐Myc, targets of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, were significantly decreased by FASN silencing and restored by PRRX1 overexpression. In addition, FASN expression was positively associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of SACC patients as well as with the expression of PRRX1, cyclin D1 and c‐Myc in SACC tissues. Our findings revealed that FASN in SACC progression may induce EMT in a PRRX1/Wnt/β‐catenin dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Oral Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Department of Implant, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Biao Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Department of Oral Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
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28
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Yang M, Liu X, Meng F, Zhang Y, Wang M, Chen Y, Guo X, Chen W, Wang W. The rs7911488-T allele promotes the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer through modulating miR-1307/PRRX1. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:651. [PMID: 32811812 PMCID: PMC7434880 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that rs7911488T>C in pre-miR-1307 was closely correlated to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the roles of rs7911488 in CRC are still largely unknown. Here we explored the roles of rs7911488 in the growth and metastasis of CRC. We firstly generated cell lines SW480-T and SW480-C for stable expression of rs7911488 T-allelic and C-allelic pre-miR-1307, respectively. We subcutaneously grafted the cells into nude mice. We found that SW480-T tumors with high expression of miR-1307 obviously grew faster than the SW480-C tumors. Moreover, liver metastases (5/8) were observed in the mice bearing SW480-T tumors but not the SW480-C tumor-bearing mice. The results from colony formation assays, transwell assays, and wound healing assays demonstrated that the proliferative and metastatic abilities of SW480-T cells were evidently more potent than the SW480-C cells. Then we utilized gene array, real-time PCR, western blotting, and dual-luciferase reporter assays to figure out that miR-1307 directly inhibited PPRX1 expression by binding to its 3′-UTR. Thereafter, we confirmed that the proliferative and metastatic abilities of SW480 and HCT-116 cells were markedly enhanced by miR-1307, but were suppressed by PRRX1. Moreover, the regulatory roles of miR-1307 in the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells were reversed by PRRX1. Notably, we also found that PRRX1 repressed CRC tumor growth in nude mice. In summary, our current study revealed that rs7911488-T allele led to over-expression of miR-1307, which inhibited PRRX1 and consequently promoted the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. This might offer a novel insight into the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinchang Liu
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yinshuang Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuqin Guo
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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29
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Sun L, Han T, Zhang X, Liu X, Li P, Shao M, Dong S, Li W. PRRX1 isoform PRRX1A regulates the stemness phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:731-744. [PMID: 32676335 PMCID: PMC7354111 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds The 2 isoforms of paired-related homeobox 1 (PRRX1), PRRX1A and PRRX1B, are critical in regulating several kinds of cancers, and figure prominently in the maintenance of stemness and progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However their differential expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical samples and exact regulatory roles in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) remain unknown. Methods In vitro and in vivo experiments were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism. Using CSCs, mouse models, and clinical tissues, we obtained a general picture of the relatively higher level of PRRX1A compared to PRRX1B, and PRRX1A thus promoting EMT and maintaining stemness of CSCs. Results PRRX1A but not PRRX1B was upregulated in lung cancer tissues and was positively correlated with TGF-β expression. In CSCs, overexpressed PRRX1A promoted malignant behaviors via transcriptional activation of TGF-β depending on TGF-β/TGF-βR signaling pathway. PRRX1A knockdown decreased self-renewal capacity accompanied by a decrease in stemness factor expression independent of the TGF-β/TGF-βR signaling pathway. Furthermore, PRRX1A was found to tightly bind to and stabilize SOX2. PRRX1A promoted sphere formation not only by enhancing stemness via stabilizing SOX2 but also by promoting cell proliferation. Conclusions PRRX1A, but not PRRX1B, was demonstrated to have important roles in the regulation of the stemness and metastatic potential of lung cancer, which suggests the potential application of PRRX1A in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiangli Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Mingrui Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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30
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Ma B, Ma J, Yang Y, He X, Pan X, Wang Z, Qian Y. Effects of miR-330-3p on Invasion, Migration and EMT of Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting PRRX1-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3411-3423. [PMID: 32368097 PMCID: PMC7183782 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNA, as a biological marker, had more and more attention in recent years due to the important role it plays in cancer. Currently, there are extensive studies on miRNAs, among which miR-330-3p is reported to be implicated in the pathophysiological processes of various cancers. However, little progress has been made in the mechanism of miR-330-3p in gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE To explore the expression and relevant mechanism of miR-330-3p and PRRX1 in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Forty-five GC patients (study group), from whom paired GC and paracancerous tissues were collected, and another 45 healthy subjects (control group) who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled. In addition, GC cells and human gastric mucosa cells were purchased, and miR-330-3p-mimics, miR-330-3p-inhibitor, miR-NC, si-PRRX1, and sh-PRRX1 were transfected into MKN45, SGC7901 cell. QRT-PCR was employed to assess the miR-330-3p and PRRX1 expressions in the samples, and the cell expressions of PRRX1, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, β-catenin, p-β-catenin, cyclin D1, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and vimentin were evaluated by Western blot (WB). MTT, Transwell and wound-healing experiments were adopted to detect cell proliferation, invasion and migration. RESULTS MiR-330-3p was under-expressed, while PRRX1 was highly expressed in the serum of patients, both of which had an area under the curve (AUC) of more than 0.9. MiR-330-3p and PRRX1 were associated with tumor diameter, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and differentiation of GC patients. Overexpression of miR-330-3p and inhibition of PRRX1 expression could suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of cells. What is more, WB assay showed that overexpressed miR-330-3p and inhibited PRRX1 could inhibit the expression levels of p-GSK-3β, β-catenin, cyclin D1, N-cadherin and vimentin proteins, while elevating GSK-3β, p-β-catenin and E-cadherin protein expressions. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that there was a targeting relation between miR-330-3p and PRRX1. Furthermore, rescue experiments revealed that the cell proliferation, invasion, migration did not differ significantly between co-transfected miR-330-3p-mimics+sh-PRRX1, miR-330-3p-inhibitor+si-PRRX1 groups of MKN45 and SGC7901 and the miR-NC group (without transfected sequences). CONCLUSION Overexpressed miR-330-3p can promote cell EMT, proliferation, invasion and apoptosis through inhibiting PRRX1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yili Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV, Kyriazopoulou V, Zaravinos A. EMT Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 32318352 PMCID: PMC7154126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a biological program during which epithelial cells lose their cell identity and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is normally observed during organismal development, wound healing and tissue fibrosis. However, this process can be hijacked by cancer cells and is often associated with resistance to apoptosis, acquisition of tissue invasiveness, cancer stem cell characteristics, and cancer treatment resistance. It is becoming evident that EMT is a complex, multifactorial spectrum, often involving episodic, transient or partial events. Multiple factors have been causally implicated in EMT including transcription factors (e.g., SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB), epigenetic modifications, microRNAs (e.g., miR-200 family) and more recently, long non-coding RNAs. However, the relevance of metabolic pathways in EMT is only recently being recognized. Importantly, alterations in key metabolic pathways affect cancer development and progression. In this review, we report the roles of key EMT factors and describe their interactions and interconnectedness. We introduce metabolic pathways that are involved in EMT, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and characterize the relationship between EMT factors and cancer metabolism. Finally, we present therapeutic opportunities involving EMT, with particular focus on cancer metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Venetsana Kyriazopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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32
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Jiang X, Assis R. Population-Specific Genetic and Expression Differentiation in Europeans. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:358-369. [PMID: 32365201 PMCID: PMC7197493 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the enormous phenotypic variation observed across human populations is thought to have arisen from events experienced as our ancestors peopled different regions of the world. However, little is known about the genes involved in these population-specific adaptations. Here, we explore this problem by simultaneously examining population-specific genetic and expression differentiation in four human populations. In particular, we derive a branch-based estimator of population-specific differentiation in four populations, and apply this statistic to single-nucleotide polymorphism and RNA-seq data from Italian, British, Finish, and Yoruban populations. As expected, genome-wide estimates of genetic and expression differentiation each independently recapitulate the known relationships among these four human populations, highlighting the utility of our statistic for identifying putative targets of population-specific adaptations. Moreover, genes with large copy number variations display elevated levels of population-specific genetic and expression differentiation, consistent with the hypothesis that gene duplication and deletion events are key reservoirs of adaptive variation. Further, many top-scoring genes are well-known targets of adaptation in Europeans, including those involved in lactase persistence and vitamin D absorption, and a handful of novel candidates represent promising avenues for future research. Together, these analyses reveal that our statistic can aid in uncovering genes involved in population-specific genetic and expression differentiation, and that such genes often play important roles in a diversity of adaptive and disease-related phenotypes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Jiang
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Raquel Assis
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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33
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Methodology to analyze gene expression patterns of early mammary development in pig models. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3241-3248. [PMID: 32219771 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In mammary gland development, normal stem cell activity occurs in the embryonic stage and postnatally. Research supports that certain breast cancers contain a small sub-population of cells that mimic stem-like activity. It is believed stem cell activation in the mutated mature human mammary tissue is what drives quiescent epithelial cells to convert to mesenchymal states initiating migration, invasion, and metastasis in breast cancer. The goal of the work reported herein was to investigate early mammary development gene expression in the postnatal pig using fine needle biopsy methods in order to establish a reliable model for human breast cancer detection. Tissue samples were collected from pig mammary glands beginning at Day 11 of age through Day 39 in order to capture early postnatal-growth gene expression. Based on the initial clustering analysis, two distinct clusters of gene expression profiles occurred before and after Day 25 of mammary development. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) ontology indicated the cellular processes that changed after Day 25, and many of these processes were implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling events. Gene expression in the postnatal pig was compared with the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition gene database (dbEMT) confirming the presence of EMT activity in this early developmental program. Information from this study will provide insight into early postnatal mammary gland development. In addition, mechanisms exploited by mutated mammary epithelial cells leading to cancer initiation and growth may be detected considering that mutated mammary epithelial cells can reactivate early developmental signals.
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34
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Lu E, Hu X, Pan C, Chen J, Xu Y, Zhu X. Up-regulation of peroxiredoxin-1 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis and inhibits apoptosis in cervical cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1170-1181. [PMID: 31956363 PMCID: PMC6959069 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) on the biological behavior of cervical cancer cells and the possible mechanism. Materials and methods: The expression of PRDX1 in human cervical cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lentivirus containing PRDX1-cDNA or shRNA against PRDX1 was constructed to overexpress or knockdown PRDX1 in SiHa cervical cancer cells. Cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8 and BrdU incorporation assay and cell apoptosis was evaluated by AnnexinV-PE /7AAD assay. Scratch wound and transwell invasion assay were used to test migration and invasion activity after PRDX1 was overexpressed or suppressed. Furthermore, the effect of PRDX1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis was also studied using a xenograft model of nude mice. Results: The expression of PRDX1 protein was significantly up-regulated in the tumor tissues compared with the paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Meanwhile, PRDX1 overexpression was associated with tumor stage, lymphatic metastasis and differentiation. Overexpression of PRDX1 significantly promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by increasing the expression of Nanog, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulating the expression of Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX) in SiHa cervical cancer cells. Moreover, PRDX1 overexpression increased invasion and migration of SiHa cervical cancer cells via up-regulating the expression of Snail and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) and down-regulating the expression of E-cadherin. Knockdown of PRDX1 resulted in the opposite results. The role of PRDX1 in promoting SiHa cervical cancer cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis has also been confirmed in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Conclusions: PRDX1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed apoptosis of cervical cancer possibly via regulating the expression of related protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yichi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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35
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Su J, Su B, Xia H, Liu F, Zhao X, Li J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zeng Y, Zeng X, Ling H, Wu Y, Su Q. RORα Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion in Human Gastric Cancer Cells via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1344. [PMID: 31867273 PMCID: PMC6909819 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) is involved in tumor development. However, the mechanisms underlying RORα inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion are poorly understood in gastric cancer (GC). This study revealed that the decreased expression of RORα is associated with GC development, progression, and prognosis. RORα suppressed cell proliferation, EMT, and invasion in GC cells through inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RORα overexpression resulted in the decreased Wnt1 expression and the increased RORα interaction with β-catenin, which could lead to the decreased intranuclear β-catenin and p-β-catenin levels, concomitant with downregulated T-cell factor-4 (TCF-4) expression and the promoter activity of c-Myc. The inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was coupled with the reduced expression of Axin, c-Myc, and c-Jun. RORα downregulated vimentin and Snail and upregulated E-cadherin protein levels in vitro and in vivo. Inversely, knockdown of RORα attenuated its inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its downstream gene expression, facilitating cell proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion in GC cells. Therefore, RORα could play a crucial role in repressing GC cell proliferation, EMT, and invasion via downregulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Provincial University, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - XiaoHong Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Gynaecology, Hainan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Loudi Center Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - JiZhen Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - YouHua Wu
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qi Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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36
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Tang Y, Lu Y, Chen Y, Luo L, Cai L, Peng B, Huang W, Liao H, Zhao L, Pan M. Pre-metastatic niche triggers SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and promotes organ colonisation by hepatocellular circulating tumour cells via downregulation of Prrx1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:473. [PMID: 31752959 PMCID: PMC6873584 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), especially mesenchymal CTCs, are important determinants of metastasis, which leads to most recurrence and mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of CTC colonisation in pre-metastatic niches. Methods Detection and classification of CTCs in patients were performed using the CanPatrol™ system. A lentiviral vector expressing Prrx1-targeting shRNA was constructed to generate a stable HCC cell line with low expression of Prrx1. The effect of Prrx1 knockdown on stemness, migration, and drug resistance of the cell line was assessed, including involvement of SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling. Promising clinical applications of an inhibitor of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, C188–9, and specific blockade with CXCR4 antibody were explored. Results The number of mesenchymal CTCs in blood was closely associated with tumour recurrence or metastasis. Pre-metastatic niche-derived SDF-1 could downregulate Prrx1, which induced the stemness, drug resistance, and increased expression of CXCR4 in HCC cells through the STAT3 pathway in vitro. In vivo, mice bearing tumours of Prrx1 low-expressing cells had significantly shorter survival. In xenograft tumours and clinical samples, loss of Prrx1 was negatively correlated with increased expression of CXCR4 in lung metastatic sites compared with that in the primary foci. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that decreased expression of Prrx1 stimulates SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling and contributes to organ colonisation with blood CTCs in HCC. STAT3 inhibition and specific blockade of CXCR4 have clinical potential as therapeutics for eliminating organ metastasis in advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Tang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishi Lu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangjian Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangyu Liao
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingxin Pan
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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37
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Jiang YP, Tang YL, Wang SS, Wu JS, Zhang M, Pang X, Wu JB, Chen Y, Tang YJ, Liang XH. PRRX1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma activates the metabolic reprogramming of free fatty acids to promote invasion and metastasis. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12705. [PMID: 31657086 PMCID: PMC6985691 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increasing evidences demonstrate a close correlation between epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and cancer lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. Materials and methods In our study, the relative expression level of PRRX1 was detected, its relationship with free fatty acid (FFA) and PPARG2 was analysed in 85 SACC tissues and 15 salivary glands from the benign salivary tumours. We also compared the FFAs composition and levels in these SACC cells. PPARG2 was detected in PRRX1‐induced FFAs treatment as well as Src and MMP‐9 were detected in FFAs treatment–induced invasion and migration of SACC cells, and ChIP test was performed to identify the target interactions. Results Our data showed that overexpression of PRRX1 induced EMT and facilitated the invasion and migration of SACC cells, and PRRX1 expression was closely associated with high FFAs level and poor prognosis of SACC patients. Furthermore, PRRX1 silence led to the increase of PPARG2 and the reduction of FFAs level and the migration and invasion of SACC cells. And inhibition of PPARG2 rescued FFAs level and migration and invasion capabilities of SACC cells. Free fatty acids treatment induced an increase of Stat5‐DNA binding activity via Src‐ and MMP‐9‐dependent pathway. Conclusions Collectively, our findings showed that the PRRX1/PPARG2/FFAs signalling in SACC was important for accelerating tumour metastasis through the induction of EMT and the metabolic reprogramming of FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China.,Department of Implant, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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38
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van Wezel EM, van Zogchel LMJ, van Wijk J, Timmerman I, Vo NK, Zappeij-Kannegieter L, deCarolis B, Simon T, van Noesel MM, Molenaar JJ, van Groningen T, Versteeg R, Caron HN, van der Schoot CE, Koster J, van Nes J, Tytgat GAM. Mesenchymal Neuroblastoma Cells Are Undetected by Current mRNA Marker Panels: The Development of a Specific Neuroblastoma Mesenchymal Minimal Residual Disease Panel. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1800413. [PMID: 34036221 PMCID: PMC8133311 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with neuroblastoma in molecular remission remain at considerable risk for disease recurrence. Studies have found that neuroblastoma tissue contains adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) cells; the latter express low levels of commonly used markers for minimal residual disease (MRD). We identified MES-specific MRD markers and studied the dynamics of these markers during treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Microarray data were used to identify genes differentially expressed between ADRN and MES cell lines. Candidate genes were then studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in cell lines and control bone marrow and peripheral blood samples. After selecting a panel of markers, serial bone marrow, peripheral blood, and peripheral blood stem cell samples were obtained from patients with high-risk neuroblastoma and tested for marker expression; survival analyses were also performed. RESULTS PRRX1, POSTN, and FMO3 mRNAs were used as a panel for specifically detecting MES mRNA in patient samples. MES mRNA was detected only rarely in peripheral blood; moreover, the presence of MES mRNA in peripheral blood stem cell samples was associated with low event-free survival and overall survival. Of note, during treatment, serial bone marrow samples obtained from 29 patients revealed a difference in dynamics between MES mRNA markers and ADRN mRNA markers. Furthermore, MES mRNA was detected in a higher percentage of patients with recurrent disease than in those who remained disease free (53% v 32%, respectively; P = .03). CONCLUSION We propose that the markers POSTN and PRRX1, in combination with FMO3, be used for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based detection of MES neuroblastoma mRNA in patient samples because these markers have a unique pattern during treatment and are more prevalent in patients with poor outcome. Together with existing markers of MRD, these new markers should be investigated further in large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M van Wezel
- Sanquin Research Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke M J van Zogchel
- Sanquin Research Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jalenka van Wijk
- Sanquin Research Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Timmerman
- Sanquin Research Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Thorsten Simon
- Children's Hospital University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max M van Noesel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rogier Versteeg
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib N Caron
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Koster
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan van Nes
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Godelieve A M Tytgat
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Wang X, Yang R, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ci H, Wu S. Aberrant expression of vasculogenic mimicry, PRRX1, and CIP2A in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17028. [PMID: 31490389 PMCID: PMC6738984 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) involves a tubular structure with a basement membrane that is similar to and communicates with vessels but functions independent of blood vessels to nourish tumor cells, promote tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis, with reduced 5-year survival rates. Tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis are promoted by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Paired-related homeobox 1 (PRRX1), a newly discovered EMT inducer, has been shown to correlate with metastasis and prognosis in diverse cancer types. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) was initially recognized as an oncoprotein. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of the EMT markers PRRX1, CIP2A and VM in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and their respective associations with clinicopathological parameters and survival.Expression of PRRX1, CIP2A and VM in whole CCRCC tissues from 110 patients was analyzed by immunohistochemical and histochemical staining. Fisher's exact test or the chi square test was used to assess associations with positive or negative staining of these markers and clinicopathological characteristics.Positive expression of CIP2A and VM presence was significantly higher and that of PRRX1 was significantly lower in CCRCC tissues than in corresponding normal tissues. Furthermore, positive expression of CIP2A and VM was significantly associated with tumor grade, size, lymph node metastasis (LNM) stage, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and inversely associated with overall survival time (OST). Moreover, levels of PRRX1 were negatively associated with tumor grade, size, LNM stage, and TNM stage. The PRRX1 subgroup had a significantly longer OST time than did the PRRX1 subgroup. In multivariate analysis, high VM and CIP2A, tumor grade, LNM stage, TNM stage, and low PRRX1 levels were identified as potential independent prognostic factors for OST in CCRCC patients.VM and expression of CIP2A and PRRX1 represent promising biomarkers for metastasis and prognosis and potential therapeutic targets in CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongfei Ci
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
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Xie B, Zhao L, Guo L, Liu H, Fu S, Fan W, Lin L, Chen J, Wang B, Fan L, Wei H. Benzyl isothiocyanate suppresses development and metastasis of murine mammary carcinoma by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1808-1818. [PMID: 31257529 PMCID: PMC6625404 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has been reported to exhibit antitumor properties in various cancer types; however, the underlying mechanisms of its action remain unclear. In the present study, the efficacy of BITC on murine mammary carcinoma cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, revealing a potential mechanism for its action. In vivo bioluminescence imaging indicated dynamic inhibition of murine mammary carcinoma cell growth and metastasis by BITC. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay demonstrated that BITC also induced apoptosis. BITC further exhibited antitumorigenic activity in 4T1-Luc cells in vitro via the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the activity of key molecules of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/β-catenin complex was altered following treatment with BITC, which suggested a potential role for the APC/β-catenin complex in the BITC-mediated induction of apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis in murine mammary carcinoma. BITC upregulated the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and APC proteins, whereas it downregulated β-catenin expression. The inhibition of metastasis was accompanied with the downregulation of vimentin and upregulation of E-cadherin. Conversely, BITC did not exhibit toxicity or side effects in the normal mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. The present study indicated that BITC exhibited anticancer properties due to the induction of breast cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of breast cancer cell metastasis mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Shaanxi Meili Omni‑Honesty Animal Health Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Guo
- Students of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Students of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Fu
- Students of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Fan
- Students of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Linlan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Marchand B, Pitarresi JR, Reichert M, Suzuki K, Laczkó D, Rustgi AK. PRRX1 isoforms cooperate with FOXM1 to regulate the DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:4325-4339. [PMID: 30705403 PMCID: PMC6542713 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PRRX1 is a homeodomain transcriptional factor, which has two isoforms, PRXX1A and PRRX1B. The PRRX1 isoforms have been demonstrated to be important in pancreatic cancer, especially in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in liver metastasis. In order to determine the functional underpinnings of PRRX1 and its isoforms, we have unraveled a new interplay between PRRX1 and the FOXM1 transcriptional factors. Our detailed biochemical analysis reveals the direct physical interaction between PRRX1 and FOXM1 proteins that requires the PRRX1A/B 200-222/217 amino acid (aa) region and the FOXM1 Forkhead domain. Additionally, we demonstrate the cooperation between PRRX1 and FOXM1 in the regulation of FOXM1-dependent transcriptional activity. Moreover, we establish FOXM1 as a critical downstream target of PRRX1 in pancreatic cancer cells. We demonstrate a novel role for PRRX1 in the regulation of genes involved in DNA repair pathways. Indeed, we show that expression of PRRX1 isoforms may limit the induction of DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrate that targeting FOXM1 with the small molecule inhibitor FDI6 suppress pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induces their apoptotic cell death. FDI6 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to Etoposide and Gemcitabine induced apoptosis. Our data provide new insights into PRRX1's involvement in regulating DNA damage and provide evidence of a possible PRRX1-FOXM1 axis that is critical for PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Marchand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dorottya Laczkó
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Szemes M, Greenhough A, Malik K. Wnt Signaling Is a Major Determinant of Neuroblastoma Cell Lineages. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:90. [PMID: 31040767 PMCID: PMC6476918 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), which has been referred to as the fourth germ layer, comprises a multipotent cell population which will specify diverse cells and tissues, including craniofacial cartilage and bones, melanocytes, the adrenal medulla and the peripheral nervous system. These cell fates are known to be determined by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) acting at various stages of NC development, such as induction, specification, and migration. Although transcription factor hierarchies and some of their interplay with morphogenetic signaling pathways have been characterized, the full complexity of activities required for regulated development remains uncharted. Deregulation of these pathways may contribute to tumorigenesis, as in the case of neuroblastoma, a frequently lethal embryonic cancer thought to arise from the sympathoadrenal lineage of the NC. In this “Hypothesis and Theory” article, we utilize the next generation sequencing data from neuroblastoma cells and tumors to evaluate the possible influences of Wnt signaling on NC GRNs and on neuroblastoma cell lineages. We propose that Wnt signaling is a major determinant of regulatory networks that underlie mesenchymal/neural crest cell (NCC)-like cell identities through PRRX1 and YAP/TAZ transcription factors. Furthermore, Wnt may also co-operate with Hedgehog signaling in driving proneural differentiation programmes along the adrenergic (ADRN) lineage. Elucidation of Signaling Regulatory Networks can augment and complement GRNs in characterizing cell identities, which may in turn contribute to the design of improved therapeutics tailored to primary and relapsing neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szemes
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Jiang J, Zheng M, Zhang M, Yang X, Li L, Wang SS, Wu JS, Yu XH, Wu JB, Pang X, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. PRRX1 Regulates Cellular Phenotype Plasticity and Dormancy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through miR-642b-3p. Neoplasia 2019; 21:216-229. [PMID: 30622052 PMCID: PMC6324219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dormancy is one characteristic of cancer cells to make patients remain asymptomatic before metastasis and relapse, which is closely related to the survival rate of cancer patients, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PRRX1 has previously been implicated in the invasion and metastasis of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in different types of human carcinoma. However, whether PRRX1 can regulate cancer dormancy and its reactivation, leading to the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells, remains elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PRRX1 in cellular phenotype plasticity and cancer dormancy of HNSCC cells and its association with miRNAs in HNSCC. METHODS: The expression of PRRX1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining in primary HNSCC samples and the metastatic lymph nodes. Meanwhile, the role of PRRX1 and its relationship with miR-642b-3p and EMT in cellular phenotype plasticity and cancer dormancy of HNSCC were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: PRRX1 was significantly higher at the invasive front of HNSCC samples compared with the metastatic lymph nodes, and such switch process was accompanied by the cellular phenotype plasticity and cell dormancy activation. In HNSCC cell lines, PRRX1 positively promoted the expression of known EMT inducers and cooperated with activated TGF-β1 to contribute to EMT and migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. Then, we found that overexpression of miR-642b-3p, one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in PRRX1-overexpressed cells, significantly reduced the migration and invasion, and increased cell proliferation and apoptosis. And miR-642b-3p restoration reversed PRRX1-induced cell dormancy and EMT of HNSCC cells through TGF-β2 and p38. Finally, we demonstrated that overexpressed PRRX1 was closely correlated with miR-642b-3p downregulation and the upregulation of TGF-β2 and p38 in a xenograft model of HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that PRRX1 may be one of the main driving forces for the cellular phenotype plasticity and tumor dormancy of HNSCC. Therefore, we can raise the possibility that EMT may help to keep cancer cell in dormant state and mesenchymal-epithelial transition may resurge dormancy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University. No .739, Dingshen Road, Lincheng Street, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang,China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University. No .739, Dingshen Road, Lincheng Street, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang,China.
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Jing-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Lu Q, Ma X, Li Y, Song W, Zhang L, Shu Y, Wan B. Overexpression of FOXS1 in gastric cancer cell lines inhibits proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor through downregulating wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2897-2907. [PMID: 30500980 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of forkhead box (FOX) superfamily members has been shown to be decreased in cancer, which was linked to poor prognosis of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of a new FOX superfamily member, FOXS1, in gastric cancer, and the influence of FOXS1 overexpression on the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells. The underlying molecular mechanism was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS FOXS1 expression levels were firstly measured in 15 paired gastric cancer and peritumor tissue using quantitative polymerase chain reaction or immunohistochemistry. Secondly, FOXS1 overexpression models were established in two gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-216 and AGS) and FOXS1 knockdown model was established in SNU-638 gastric cancer cell line. Markers for cell proliferation, metastasis, cell cycle status, and wnt/β-catenin pathway were evaluated. Influence of FOXS1 overexpression on tumorigenesis was further evaluated in xenograft model. RESULTS Expression of FOXS1 was significantly decreased in gastric cancer tissue in both messenger RNA and protein levels, compared with peritumor tissue. Our results showed that compared to cell lines transfected with negative control, gastric cancer cell lines with FOXS1 overexpression showed suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis, and increased ratio of G0/G1 phase. Xenograft model also showed suppressed tumor growth in FOXS1 overexpression group. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition was also inhibited when FOXS1 was overexpressed, which was indicated by an increase of E-cadherin expression and decrease in vimentin expression. Further investigation showed that expression of β-catenin was decreased, together with decreased expression in downstream signaling factors, c-Myc and cyclin-D1 in FOXS1 overexpression cell lines. On the other hand, knockdown of FOXS1 showed opposite trends in the changes of those markers for cell proliferation, metastasis, cell cycle status, and wnt/β-catenin pathway, compared with FOXS1 overexpression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study showed that FOXS1 expression is downregulated in most GC cases in our cohort, and this loss of expression may promote cell proliferation and metastasis through upregulation of wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhong Song
- Infection Management Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingshu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiong Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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45
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Li Q, Tang H, Hu F, Qin C. Knockdown of A-kinase anchor protein 4 inhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human gastric cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10013-10020. [PMID: 30145836 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumorigenesis. A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) is a member of AKAPs family and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. However, the biological role of AKAP4 in gastric cancer remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the effect of AKAP4 on EMT in human gastric cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Our results showed that AKAP4 expression was significantly upregulated in human gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, silenced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α markedly suppressed AKAP4 expression in gastric cancer cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, knockdown of AKAP4 significantly prevented hypoxia-induced migration, invasion, and EMT process in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, knockdown of AKAP4 prevented the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer cells under hypoxia condition. These findings indicate that knockdown of AKAP4 inhibits hypoxia-induced EMT in human gastric cancer cells, at least in part, via inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It is, therefore, AKAP4 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanying Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hongna Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Changjiang Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Wei R, Wong JPC, Lyu P, Xi X, Tong O, Zhang SD, Yuen HF, Shirasawa S, Kwok HF. In vitro and clinical data analysis of Osteopontin as a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4097-4105. [PMID: 29851214 PMCID: PMC6111822 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression; however, the mechanism of OPN-induced CRC progression is largely unknown. In this study, we found that OPN overexpression led to enhanced anchorage-independent growth, cell migration and invasion in KRAS gene mutant cells but to a lesser extent in KRAS wild-type cells. OPN overexpression also induced PI3K signalling, expression of Snail and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and suppressed the expression of E-cadherin in KRAS mutant cells. In human CRC specimens, a high-level expression of OPN significantly predicted poorer survival in CRC patients and OPN expression was positively correlated with MMP9 expression, and negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, we have found that 15 genes were co-upregulated in OPN highly expression CRC and a list of candidate drugs that may have potential to reverse the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) gene signature by connectivity mapping. In summary, OPN is a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | | | - Peng Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xinping Xi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Olivia Tong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK
| | - Hiu Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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Li Y, Wang W, Wang F, Wu Q, Li W, Zhong X, Tian K, Zeng T, Gao L, Liu Y, Li S, Jiang X, Du G, Zhou Y. Paired related homeobox 1 transactivates dopamine D2 receptor to maintain propagation and tumorigenicity of glioma-initiating cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:302-314. [PMID: 28486630 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain tumor with limited therapeutic means and poor prognosis. Recent studies indicate that glioma-initiating cells/glioma stem cells (GICs/GSCs) may be responsible for tumor initiation, infiltration, and recurrence. GICs could aberrantly employ molecular machinery balancing self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic neural precursors. Here, we find that paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1), a homeodomain transcription factor that was previously reported to control skeletal development, is expressed in cortical neural progenitors and is required for their self-renewal and proper differentiation. Further, PRRX1 is overrepresented in glioma samples and labels GICs. Glioma cells and GICs depleted with PRRX1 could not propagate in vitro or form tumors in the xenograft mouse model. The GIC self-renewal function regulated by PRRX1 is mediated by dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2). PRRX1 directly binds to the DRD2 promoter and transactivates its expression in GICs. Blockage of the DRD2 signaling hampers GIC self-renewal, whereas its overexpression restores the propagating and tumorigenic potential of PRRX1-depleted GICs. Finally, PRRX1 potentiates GICs via DRD2-mediated extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and AKT activation. Thus, our study suggests that therapeutic targeting the PRRX1-DRD2-ERK/AKT axis in GICs is a promising strategy for treating GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiushuang Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kuan Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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48
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Molaei F, Forghanifard MM, Fahim Y, Abbaszadegan MR. Molecular Signaling in Tumorigenesis of Gastric Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:217-30. [PMID: 29706061 PMCID: PMC5949124 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.4.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is regarded as the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mechanism of GC pathogenesis is still unclear and relies on multiple factors, including environmental and genetic characteristics. One of the most important environmental factors of GC occurrence is infection with Helicobacter pylori that is classified as class one carcinogens. Dysregulation of several genes and pathways play an essential role during gastric carcinogenesis. Dysregulation of developmental pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Hedgehog signaling, Hippo pathway, Notch signaling, nuclear factor-kB, and epidermal growth factor receptor have been found in GC. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as an important process during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, is supposed to play a role in initiation, invasion, metastasis, and progression of GC. Although surgery is the main therapeutic modality of the disease, the understanding of biological processes of cell signaling pathways may help to develop new therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Molaei
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Yasaman Fahim
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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49
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Hampton MB, Vick KA, Skoko JJ, Neumann CA. Peroxiredoxin Involvement in the Initiation and Progression of Human Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:591-608. [PMID: 29237274 PMCID: PMC9836708 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE It has been proposed that cancer cells are heavily dependent on their antioxidant defenses for survival and growth. Peroxiredoxins are a family of abundant thiol-dependent peroxidases that break down hydrogen peroxide, and they have a central role in the maintenance and response of cells to alterations in redox homeostasis. As such, they are potential targets for disrupting tumor growth. Recent Advances: Genetic disruption of peroxiredoxin expression in mice leads to an increased incidence of neoplastic disease, consistent with a role for peroxiredoxins in protecting genomic integrity. In contrast, many human tumors display increased levels of peroxiredoxin expression, suggesting that strengthened antioxidant defenses provide a survival advantage for tumor progression. Peroxiredoxin inhibitors are being developed and explored as therapeutic agents in different cancer models. CRITICAL ISSUES It is important to complement peroxiredoxin knockout and expression studies with an improved understanding of the biological function of the peroxiredoxins. Although current results can be interpreted within the context that peroxiredoxins scavenge hydroperoxides, some peroxiredoxin family members appear to have more complex roles in regulating the response of cells to oxidative stress through protein interactions with constituents of other signaling pathways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further mechanistic information is required for understanding the role of oxidative stress in cancer, the function of peroxiredoxins in normal versus cancer cells, and for the design and testing of specific peroxiredoxin inhibitors that display selectivity to malignant cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 591-608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Hampton
- 1 Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kate A Vick
- 1 Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John J Skoko
- 2 Womens Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carola A Neumann
- 2 Womens Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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50
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Wang K, Li J. Overexpression of ANXA3 is an independent prognostic indicator in gastric cancer and its depletion suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86972-86984. [PMID: 27894078 PMCID: PMC5349965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Tumour metastasis is one of the leading causes of death in GC patients. This study aims to investigate the significance of ANXA3 expression and the mechanism by which ANXA3 is involved in the epithelial–mensenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cells. Results Our results confirmed that ANXA3 was high expression at the mRNA and protein level in GC cancer tissues and the majority of GC cell lines. In clinicopathological analysis, we found that increased expression of ANXA3 in tumors was closely associated with a poor prognosis. Xogenous ANXA3 transduction promoted proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion. Small interfering RNA silencing of ANXA3 inhibited these processes. Silence of ANXA3 inhibited tumorigenicity in vivo. Additionally, ANXA3 expression is associated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Methods Firstly, we investigated the ANXA3 expression on mRNA and protein level with RT-PCR and Western blot. Secondly, 183 GC patients tissues were used the to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis through immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, The functions of ANXA3 were analyzed in the cell proliferation, Colony Formation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of GC cell lines. Conclusions Our research suggests that ANXA3 plays important roles in gastric cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis, and provides a valuable prognostic marker and potential target for treatment of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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