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Jain S, Gupta S, Patiyal S, Raghava GPS. THPdb2: compilation of FDA approved therapeutic peptides and proteins. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104047. [PMID: 38830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of protein-based drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This paper presents THPdb2, an updated version of the THPdb database, which holds information about all types of protein-based drugs, including peptides, antibodies, and biosimilar proteins. THPdb2 contains a total of 6,385 entries, providing comprehensive information about 894 FDA-approved therapeutic proteins, including 354 monoclonal antibodies and 85 peptides or polypeptides. Each entry includes the name of therapeutic molecule, the amino acid sequence, physical and chemical properties, and route of drug administration. The therapeutic molecules that are included in the database target a wide range of biological molecules, such as receptors, factors, and proteins, and have been approved for the treatment of various diseases, including cancers, infectious diseases, and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Jain
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Srijanee Gupta
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Sumeet Patiyal
- Cancer and Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi 110020, India.
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Pomarici ND, Cacciato R, Kokot J, Fernández-Quintero ML, Liedl KR. Evolution of the Immunoglobulin Isotypes-Variations of Biophysical Properties among Animal Classes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:801. [PMID: 37238671 PMCID: PMC10216798 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system arose around 500 million years ago in jawed fish, and, since then, it has mediated the immune defense against pathogens in all vertebrates. Antibodies play a central role in the immune reaction, recognizing and attacking external invaders. During the evolutionary process, several immunoglobulin isotypes emerged, each having a characteristic structural organization and dedicated function. In this work, we investigate the evolution of the immunoglobulin isotypes, in order to highlight the relevant features that were preserved over time and the parts that, instead, mutated. The residues that are coupled in the evolution process are often involved in intra- or interdomain interactions, meaning that they are fundamental to maintaining the immunoglobulin fold and to ensuring interactions with other domains. The explosive growth of available sequences allows us to point out the evolutionary conserved residues and compare the biophysical properties among different animal classes and isotypes. Our study offers a general overview of the evolution of immunoglobulin isotypes and advances the knowledge of their characteristic biophysical properties, as a first step in guiding protein design from evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monica L. Fernández-Quintero
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Jing Y, Kong Y, Allard D, Liu B, Kolawole E, Sprouse M, Evavold B, Bettini M, Bettini M. Increased TCR signaling in regulatory T cells is disengaged from TCR affinity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.523999. [PMID: 36711832 PMCID: PMC9882247 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.523999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable suppressors of aberrant self-reactivity. However, TCR affinity and specificities that support Treg function, and how these compare to autoimmune T cells remain unresolved. In this study, we used antigen agnostic and epitope-focused analyses to compare TCR repertoires of regulatory and effector T cells that spontaneously infiltrate pancreatic islets of non-obese diabetic mice. We show that effector and regulatory T cell-derived TCRs possess similar wide-ranging reactivity for self-antigen. Treg-derived TCRs varied in their capacity to confer optimal protective function, and Treg suppressive capacity was in part determined by effector TCR affinity. Interestingly, when expressing the same TCR, Tregs showed higher Nur77-GFP expression than Teffs, suggesting Treg-intrinsic ability to compete for antigen. Our findings provide a new insight into TCR-dependent and independent mechanisms that regulate Treg function and indicate a TCR-intrinsic insufficiency in tissue-specific Tregs that may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Lefranc MP, Lefranc G. Antibody Sequence and Structure Analyses Using IMGT ®: 30 Years of Immunoinformatics. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2552:3-59. [PMID: 36346584 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2609-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, http://www.imgt.org , the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics, was created in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS) to manage the huge diversity of the antigen receptors, immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, and T cell receptors (TR) of the adaptive immune responses. The founding of IMGT® marked the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. IMGT® standardized analysis of the IG, TR, and major histocompatibility (MH) genes and proteins bridges the gap between sequences and three-dimensional (3D) structures, for all jawed vertebrates from fish to humans. This is achieved through the IMGT Scientific chart rules, based on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms, and primarily CLASSIFICATION (IMGT gene and allele nomenclature) and NUMEROTATION (IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Colliers de Perles). IMGT® comprises seven databases (IMGT/LIGM-DB for nucleotide sequences, IMGT/GENE-DB for genes and alleles, etc.), 17 tools (IMGT/V-QUEST, IMGT/JunctionAnalysis, IMGT/HighV-QUEST for NGS, etc.), and more than 20,000 Web resources. In this chapter, the focus is on the tools for amino acid sequences per domain (IMGT/DomainGapAlign and IMGT/Collier-de-Perles), and on the databases for receptors (IMGT/2Dstructure-DB and IMGT/3D-structure-DB) described per receptor, chain, and domain and, for 3D, with contact analysis, paratope, and epitope. The IMGT/mAb-DB is the query interface for monoclonal antibodies (mAb), fusion proteins for immune applications (FPIA), composite proteins for clinical applications (CPCA), and related proteins of interest (RPI) with links to IMGT® 2D and 3D databases and to the World Health Organization (WHO) International Nonproprietary Names (INN) program lists. The chapter includes the human IG allotypes and antibody engineered variants for effector properties used in the description of therapeutical mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UMR 9002 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UMR 9002 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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5
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Lefranc MP, Lefranc G. IMGT®Homo sapiens IG and TR Loci, Gene Order, CNV and Haplotypes: New Concepts as a Paradigm for Jawed Vertebrates Genome Assemblies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030381. [PMID: 35327572 PMCID: PMC8945572 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, created in 1989, by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS), marked the advent of immunoinformatics, a new science which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics for the study of the adaptive immune responses. IMGT® is based on a standardized nomenclature of the immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) genes and alleles from fish to humans and on the IMGT unique numbering for the variable (V) and constant (C) domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) of vertebrates and invertebrates, and for the groove (G) domain of the major histocompatibility (MH) and MH superfamily (MhSF) proteins. IMGT® comprises 7 databases, 17 tools and more than 25,000 pages of web resources for sequences, genes and structures, based on the IMGT Scientific chart rules generated from the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts. IMGT® reference directories are used for the analysis of the NGS high-throughput expressed IG and TR repertoires (natural, synthetic and/or bioengineered) and for bridging sequences, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures. This manuscript focuses on the IMGT®Homo sapiens IG and TR loci, gene order, copy number variation (CNV) and haplotypes new concepts, as a paradigm for jawed vertebrates genome assemblies.
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Cerutti G, Guo Y, Zhou T, Gorman J, Lee M, Rapp M, Reddem ER, Yu J, Bahna F, Bimela J, Huang Y, Katsamba PS, Liu L, Nair MS, Rawi R, Olia AS, Wang P, Zhang B, Chuang GY, Ho DD, Sheng Z, Kwong PD, Shapiro L. Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies directed against spike N-terminal domain target a single supersite. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:819-833.e7. [PMID: 33789084 PMCID: PMC7953435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 have been identified, and these generally target either the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the viral spike. While RBD-directed antibodies have been extensively studied, far less is known about NTD-directed antibodies. Here, we report cryo-EM and crystal structures for seven potent NTD-directed neutralizing antibodies in complex with spike or isolated NTD. These structures defined several antibody classes, with at least one observed in multiple convalescent donors. The structures revealed that all seven antibodies target a common surface, bordered by glycans N17, N74, N122, and N149. This site-formed primarily by a mobile β-hairpin and several flexible loops-was highly electropositive, located at the periphery of the spike, and the largest glycan-free surface of NTD facing away from the viral membrane. Thus, in contrast to neutralizing RBD-directed antibodies that recognize multiple non-overlapping epitopes, potent NTD-directed neutralizing antibodies appear to target a single supersite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Micah Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eswar R Reddem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jude Bimela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Lefranc MP, Lefranc G. Immunoglobulins or Antibodies: IMGT ® Bridging Genes, Structures and Functions. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E319. [PMID: 32878258 PMCID: PMC7555362 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics® information system founded in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS), marked the advent of immunoinformatics, a new science at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. For the first time, the immunoglobulin (IG) or antibody and T cell receptor (TR) genes were officially recognized as 'genes' as well as were conventional genes. This major breakthrough has allowed the entry, in genomic databases, of the IG and TR variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes and alleles of Homo sapiens and of other jawed vertebrate species, based on the CLASSIFICATION axiom. The second major breakthrough has been the IMGT unique numbering and the IMGT Collier de Perles for the V and constant (C) domains of the IG and TR and other proteins of the IG superfamily (IgSF), based on the NUMEROTATION axiom. IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts bridge genes, sequences, structures and functions, between biological and computational spheres in the IMGT® system (Web resources, databases and tools). They provide the IMGT Scientific chart rules to identify, to describe and to analyse the IG complex molecular data, the huge diversity of repertoires, the genetic (alleles, allotypes, CNV) polymorphisms, the IG dual function (paratope/epitope, effector properties), the antibody humanization and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, Université de Montpellier UM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, CEDEX 5, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, Université de Montpellier UM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, CEDEX 5, 34396 Montpellier, France
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Lefranc MP, Lefranc G. IMGT ® and 30 Years of Immunoinformatics Insight in Antibody V and C Domain Structure and Function. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E29. [PMID: 31544835 PMCID: PMC6640715 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At the 10th Human Genome Mapping (HGM10) Workshop, in New Haven, for the first time, immunoglobulin (IG) or antibody and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J), and constant (C) genes were officially recognized as 'genes', as were the conventional genes. Under these HGM auspices, IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, was created in June 1989 at Montpellier (University of Montpellier and CNRS). The creation of IMGT® marked the birth of immunoinformatics, a new science, at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. The accuracy and the consistency between genes and alleles, sequences, and three-dimensional (3D) structures are based on the IMGT Scientific chart rules generated from the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts: IMGT standardized keywords (IDENTIFICATION), IMGT gene and allele nomenclature (CLASSIFICATION), IMGT standardized labels (DESCRIPTION), IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Collier de Perles (NUMEROTATION). These concepts provide IMGT® immunoinformatics insights for antibody V and C domain structure and function, used for the standardized description in IMGT® web resources, databases and tools, immune repertoires analysis, single cell and/or high-throughput sequencing (HTS, NGS), antibody humanization, and antibody engineering in relation with effector properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
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Lin KR, Pang DM, Jin YB, Hu Q, Pan YM, Cui JH, Chen XP, Lin YX, Mao XF, Duan HB, Luo W. Circulating CD8 + T-cell repertoires reveal the biological characteristics of tumors and clinical responses to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1743-1752. [PMID: 30167861 PMCID: PMC11028329 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD8+ T cells are primarily cytotoxic cells that provide immunological protection against malignant cells. Considerable evidence suggests that the T-cell repertoire is closely associated with the host immune response and the development of cancer. In this study, we explored the characteristics of the circulating CD8+ T-cell repertoire and their potential value in predicting the clinical response of breast cancer patients to chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We applied a high-throughput TCR β-chain sequencing method to characterize the CD8+ T-cell repertoire of the peripheral blood from 26 breast cancer patients. In addition, changes in the circulating CD8+ T-cell repertoire during chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS We found that the HEC ratios of the CD8+ T-cell repertoires from HER2+ breast cancer patients were significantly higher than those of HER2- patients, suggesting that the HER2 protein is released into circulation where it is targeted by CD8+ T cells. Several Vβ and CDR3 motifs preferentially used in HER2+ patients were identified. Besides, we found that the circulating CD8+ T-cell repertoires evolved during chemotherapy and correlated with patient clinical responses to chemotherapy. Increased CD8+ T-cell repertoire heterogeneity during chemotherapy was associated with a better clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Although functional studies of clonally expanded CD8+ T-cell populations are clearly required, our results suggest that the circulating CD8+ T-cell repertoire reflects the characteristics of the tumor-associated biomolecules released into the blood and correlates with the clinical responses of the patients to chemotherapy which might assist in making treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Rong Lin
- Clinical Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-Mei Pang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Bin Jin
- Clinical Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- Clinical Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Huan Cui
- Clinical Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Chen
- Clinical Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Xin Lin
- Department of Breast Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Mao
- Clinical Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Bo Duan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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Giuliani M, Bartolini E, Galli B, Santini L, Lo Surdo P, Buricchi F, Bruttini M, Benucci B, Pacchiani N, Alleri L, Donnarumma D, Pansegrau W, Peschiera I, Ferlenghi I, Cozzi R, Norais N, Giuliani MM, Maione D, Pizza M, Rappuoli R, Finco O, Masignani V. Human protective response induced by meningococcus B vaccine is mediated by the synergy of multiple bactericidal epitopes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3700. [PMID: 29487324 PMCID: PMC5829249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
4CMenB is the first broad coverage vaccine for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B strains. To gain a comprehensive picture of the antibody response induced upon 4CMenB vaccination and to obtain relevant translational information directly from human studies, we have isolated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies from adult vaccinees. Based on the Ig-gene sequence of the variable region, 37 antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies were identified and produced as recombinant Fab fragments, and a subset also produced as full length recombinant IgG1 and functionally characterized. We found that the monoclonal antibodies were cross-reactive against different antigen variants and recognized multiple epitopes on each of the antigens. Interestingly, synergy between antibodies targeting different epitopes enhanced the potency of the bactericidal response. This work represents the first extensive characterization of monoclonal antibodies generated in humans upon 4CMenB immunization and contributes to further unraveling the immunological and functional properties of the vaccine antigens. Moreover, understanding the mechanistic nature of protection induced by vaccination paves the way to more rational vaccine design and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Bruttini
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - B Benucci
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - I Peschiera
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® ( http://www.imgt.org ), was created in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS) to manage the huge diversity of the antigen receptors, immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, and T cell receptors (TR). The founding of IMGT® marked the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. Standardized sequence and structure analysis of antibody using IMGT® databases and tools allow one to bridge, for the first time, the gap between antibody sequences and three-dimensional (3D) structures. This is achieved through the IMGT Scientific chart rules, based on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts of classification (IMGT gene and allele nomenclature), description (IMGT standardized labels), and numerotation (IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Collier de Perles). IMGT® is acknowledged as the global reference for immunogenetics and immunoinformatics, and its standards are particularly useful for antibody engineering and humanization. IMGT® databases for antibody nucleotide sequences and genes include IMGT/LIGM-DB and IMGT/GENE-DB, respectively, and nucleotide sequence analysis is performed by the IMGT/V-QUEST and IMGT/JunctionAnalysis tools and for NGS by IMGT/HighV-QUEST. In this chapter, we focus on IMGT® databases and tools for amino acid sequences, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures: the IMGT/DomainGapAlign and IMGT Collier de Perles tools and the IMGT/2Dstructure-DB and IMGT/3Dstructure-DB database. IMGT/mAb-DB provides the query interface for monoclonal antibodies (mAb), fusion proteins for immune applications (FPIA), and composite proteins for clinical applications (CPCA) and related proteins of interest (RPI) and links to the proposed and recommended lists of the World Health Organization International Nonproprietary Name (WHO INN) programme, to IMGT/2Dstructure-DB for amino acid sequences, and to IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and its associated tools (IMGT/StructuralQuery, IMGT/DomainSuperimpose) for crystallized antibodies.
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12
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Gomez-Tourino I, Kamra Y, Baptista R, Lorenc A, Peakman M. T cell receptor β-chains display abnormal shortening and repertoire sharing in type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1792. [PMID: 29176645 PMCID: PMC5702608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire are proposed to predispose to autoimmunity. Here we show, by analyzing >2 × 108TCRB sequences of circulating naive, central memory, regulatory and stem cell-like memory CD4+ T cell subsets from patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy donors, that patients have shorter TCRB complementarity-determining region 3s (CDR3), in all cell subsets, introduced by increased deletions/reduced insertions during VDJ rearrangement. High frequency of short CDR3s is also observed in unproductive TCRB sequences, which are not subjected to thymic culling, suggesting that the shorter CDR3s arise independently of positive/negative selection. Moreover, TCRB CDR3 clonotypes expressed by autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells are shorter compared with anti-viral T cells, and with those from healthy donors. Thus, early events in thymic T cell development and repertoire generation are abnormal in type 1 diabetes, which suggest that short CDR3s increase the potential for self-recognition, conferring heightened risk of autoimmune disease. T cell receptors are generated by somatic gene recombination, and are normally selected against autoreactivity. Here the authors show that CD4 T cells from patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes have shorter TCRβ sequences, broader repertoire diversity, and more repertoire sharing than those from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Gomez-Tourino
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra, 36310, Spain
| | - Yogesh Kamra
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roman Baptista
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anna Lorenc
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Das A, Rouault-Pierre K, Kamdar S, Gomez-Tourino I, Wood K, Donaldson I, Mein CA, Bonnet D, Hayday AC, Gibbons DL. Adaptive from Innate: Human IFN-γ +CD4 + T Cells Can Arise Directly from CXCL8-Producing Recent Thymic Emigrants in Babies and Adults. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:1696-1705. [PMID: 28754679 PMCID: PMC5563168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the major effector function of neonatal CD4+ T cells is to produce CXCL8, a prototypic cytokine of innate immune cells. In this article, we show that CXCL8 expression, prior to proliferation, is common in newly arising T cells (so-called "recent thymic emigrants") in adults, as well as in babies. This effector potential is acquired in the human thymus, prior to TCR signaling, but rather than describing end-stage differentiation, such cells, whether isolated from neonates or adults, can further differentiate into IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells. Thus, the temporal transition of host defense from innate to adaptive immunity is unexpectedly mirrored at the cellular level by the capacity of human innate-like CXCL8-producing CD4+ T cells to transition directly into Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Das
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shraddha Kamdar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Iria Gomez-Tourino
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Kristie Wood
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Genomics Research Platform, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ian Donaldson
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A Mein
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Deena L Gibbons
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
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14
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Dashtsoodol N, Shigeura T, Aihara M, Ozawa R, Kojo S, Harada M, Endo TA, Watanabe T, Ohara O, Taniguchi M. Alternative pathway for the development of Vα14+ NKT cells directly from CD4–CD8– thymocytes that bypasses the CD4+CD8+ stage. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:274-282. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Martinez RJ, Andargachew R, Martinez HA, Evavold BD. Low-affinity CD4+ T cells are major responders in the primary immune response. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13848. [PMID: 27976744 PMCID: PMC5234832 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust primary immune response has been correlated with the precursor number of antigen-specific T cells, as identified using peptide MHCII tetramers. However, these tetramers identify only the highest-affinity T cells. Here we show the entire CD4+ T-cell repertoire, inclusive of low-affinity T cells missed by tetramers, using a T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling reporter and micropipette assay to quantify naive precursors and expanded populations. In vivo limiting dilution assays reveal hundreds more precursor T cells than previously thought, with higher-affinity tetramer-positive T cells, comprising only 5-30% of the total antigen-specific naive repertoire. Lower-affinity T cells maintain their predominance as the primary immune response progresses, with no enhancement of survival of T cells with high-affinity TCRs. These findings demonstrate that affinity for antigen does not control CD4+ T-cell entry into the primary immune response, as a diverse range in affinity is maintained from precursor through peak of T-cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Rakieb Andargachew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Hunter A. Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta Georgia, 30322, USA
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16
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Schwartz GW, Shokoufandeh A, Ontañón S, Hershberg U. Using a novel clumpiness measure to unite data with metadata: Finding common sequence patterns in immune receptor germline V genes. Pattern Recognit Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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17
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Waldmeier L, Hellmann I, Gutknecht CK, Wolter FI, Cook SC, Reddy ST, Grawunder U, Beerli RR. Transpo-mAb display: Transposition-mediated B cell display and functional screening of full-length IgG antibody libraries. MAbs 2016; 8:726-40. [PMID: 26986818 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1160990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro antibody display and screening technologies geared toward the discovery and engineering of clinically applicable antibodies have evolved from screening artificial antibody formats, powered by microbial display technologies, to screening of natural, full-IgG molecules expressed in mammalian cells to readily yield lead antibodies with favorable properties in production and clinical applications. Here, we report the development and characterization of a novel, next-generation mammalian cell-based antibody display and screening platform called Transpo-mAb Display, offering straightforward and efficient generation of cellular libraries by using non-viral transposition technology to obtain stable antibody expression. Because Transpo-mAb Display uses DNA-transposable vectors with substantial cargo capacity, genomic antibody heavy chain expression constructs can be utilized that undergo the natural switch from membrane bound to secreted antibody expression in B cells by way of alternative splicing of Ig-heavy chain transcripts from the same genomic expression cassette. We demonstrate that stably transposed cells co-express transmembrane and secreted antibodies at levels comparable to those provided by dedicated constructs for secreted and membrane-associated IgGs. This unique feature expedites the screening and antibody characterization process by obviating the need for intermediate sequencing and re-cloning of individual antibody clones into separate expression vectors for functional screening purposes. In a series of proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate the seamless integration of antibody discovery with functional screening for various antibody properties, including binding affinity and suitability for preparation of antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Skylar C Cook
- b Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Sai T Reddy
- b Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich , Basel , Switzerland
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18
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Jiang Y, Nie K, Redmond D, Melnick AM, Tam W, Elemento O. VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma. J Vis Exp 2015:e53215. [PMID: 26780364 DOI: 10.3791/53215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding tumor clonality is critical to understanding the mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and disease progression. In addition, understanding the clonal composition changes that occur within a tumor in response to certain micro-environment or treatments may lead to the design of more sophisticated and effective approaches to eradicate tumor cells. However, tracking tumor clonal sub-populations has been challenging due to the lack of distinguishable markers. To address this problem, a VDJ-seq protocol was created to trace the clonal evolution patterns of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse by exploiting VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM), two unique features of B cell lymphomas. In this protocol, Next-Generation sequencing (NGS) libraries with indexing potential were constructed from amplified rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) VDJ region from pairs of primary diagnosis and relapse DLBCL samples. On average more than half million VDJ sequences per sample were obtained after sequencing, which contain both VDJ rearrangement and SHM information. In addition, customized bioinformatics pipelines were developed to fully utilize sequence information for the characterization of IgH-VDJ repertoire within these samples. Furthermore, the pipeline allows the reconstruction and comparison of the clonal architecture of individual tumors, which enables the examination of the clonal heterogeneity within the diagnosis tumors and deduction of clonal evolution patterns between diagnosis and relapse tumor pairs. When applying this analysis to several diagnosis-relapse pairs, we uncovered key evidence that multiple distinctive tumor evolutionary patterns could lead to DLBCL relapse. Additionally, this approach can be expanded into other clinical aspects, such as identification of minimal residual disease, monitoring relapse progress and treatment response, and investigation of immune repertoires in non-lymphoma contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College;
| | - Kui Nie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - David Redmond
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College;
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College;
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19
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Martinez RJ, Neeld DK, Evavold BD. Identification of T cell clones without the need for sequencing. J Immunol Methods 2015; 424:28-31. [PMID: 25960175 PMCID: PMC4560598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The brainbow recombination fluorescent protein system has been used for a multitude of applications in fate and lineage tracking. Here, we use a mouse with a ubiquitously expressed brainbow construct, termed the Confetti mouse, to perform T lymphocyte cell lineage tracking. We demonstrate that antigen-specific T lymphocyte clonotypes can be identified and phenotyped using flow cytometry instead of performing expensive and time-consuming methods of single cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dennis K Neeld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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20
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A new mouse strain for the analysis of invariant NKT cell function. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:799-800. [PMID: 26075912 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Bovine gamma delta T cells and the function of gamma delta T cell specific WC1 co-receptors. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:76-86. [PMID: 26008759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of γδ T cells in ruminants dates to the discovery of the γδ TCR in humans and mice. It is important since cattle offer an alternative model to the mouse for evaluating the role of γδ T cells in zoonotic disease research and for control of disease reservoirs in non-human animals. In addition, maintaining the health of cattle and other members of the order Artiodactyla is critical to meet the global human need for animal-source protein. In this review, we examine the bovine γδ T cell responses to Mycobacteria, which infects a third of the human population, and bovine γ and δ TCR diversity and the relationship to the TCR of human mycobacteria-responsive γδ T cells. We review the utilization of the γδ T cell specific scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) glycoproteins known as WC1, and that are part of the CD163 family, which function as both γδ T cell activating co-receptors and pattern recognition receptors (PRR) for bovine γδ T cells and highlight the presence and evolution of this multigenic array, with potential for the same function, in birds, reptiles, jawless and bony fishes, and prototherian and eutherian mammals.
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22
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Francica JR, Sheng Z, Zhang Z, Nishimura Y, Shingai M, Ramesh A, Keele BF, Schmidt SD, Flynn BJ, Darko S, Lynch RM, Yamamoto T, Matus-Nicodemos R, Wolinsky D, Nason M, Valiante NM, Malyala P, De Gregorio E, Barnett SW, Singh M, O'Hagan DT, Koup RA, Mascola JR, Martin MA, Kepler TB, Douek DC, Shapiro L, Seder RA. Analysis of immunoglobulin transcripts and hypermutation following SHIV(AD8) infection and protein-plus-adjuvant immunization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6565. [PMID: 25858157 PMCID: PMC4403371 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing predictive animal models to assess how candidate vaccines and infection influence the ontogenies of Envelope (Env)-specific antibodies is critical for the development of an HIV vaccine. Here we use two nonhuman primate models to compare the roles of antigen persistence, diversity and innate immunity. We perform longitudinal analyses of HIV Env-specific B-cell receptor responses to SHIV(AD8) infection and Env protein vaccination with eight different adjuvants. A subset of the SHIV(AD8)-infected animals with higher viral loads and greater Env diversity show increased neutralization associated with increasing somatic hypermutation (SHM) levels over time. The use of adjuvants results in increased ELISA titres but does not affect the mean SHM levels or CDR H3 lengths. Our study shows how the ontogeny of Env-specific B cells can be tracked, and provides insights into the requirements for developing neutralizing antibodies that should facilitate translation to human vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research and National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Akshaya Ramesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Barbara J. Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Lynch
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rodrigo Matus-Nicodemos
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Wolinsky
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Martha Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Padma Malyala
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ennio De Gregorio
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Susan W. Barnett
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Derek T. O'Hagan
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Thomas B. Kepler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Lefranc MP. Immunoglobulins: 25 years of immunoinformatics and IMGT-ONTOLOGY. Biomolecules 2014; 4:1102-39. [PMID: 25521638 PMCID: PMC4279172 DOI: 10.3390/biom4041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® (CNRS and Montpellier University) is the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. By its creation in 1989, IMGT® marked the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. IMGT® is specialized in the immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility (MH), and IgSF and MhSF superfamilies. IMGT® has been built on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts, which bridged the gap between genes, sequences and three-dimensional (3D) structures. The concepts include the IMGT® standardized keywords (identification), IMGT® standardized labels (description), IMGT® standardized nomenclature (classification), IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Colliers de Perles (numerotation). IMGT® comprises seven databases, 15,000 pages of web resources and 17 tools. IMGT® tools and databases provide a high-quality analysis of the IG from fish to humans, for basic, veterinary and medical research, and for antibody engineering and humanization. They include, as examples: IMGT/V-QUEST and IMGT/JunctionAnalysis for nucleotide sequence analysis and their high-throughput version IMGT/HighV-QUEST for next generation sequencing, IMGT/DomainGapAlign for amino acid sequence analysis of IG domains, IMGT/3Dstructure-DB for 3D structures, contact analysis and paratope/epitope interactions of IG/antigen complexes, and the IMGT/mAb-DB interface for therapeutic antibodies and fusion proteins for immunological applications (FPIA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGenetics information system®, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UPR CNRS 1142, Montpellier University, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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24
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Parkinson NJ, Roddis M, Ferneyhough B, Zhang G, Marsden AJ, Maslau S, Sanchez-Pearson Y, Barthlott T, Humphreys IR, Ladell K, Price DA, Ponting CP, Hollander G, Fischer MD. Violation of the 12/23 rule of genomic V(D)J recombination is common in lymphocytes. Genome Res 2014; 25:226-34. [PMID: 25367293 PMCID: PMC4315296 DOI: 10.1101/gr.179770.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
V(D)J genomic recombination joins single gene segments to encode an extensive repertoire of antigen receptor specificities in T and B lymphocytes. This process initiates with double-stranded breaks adjacent to conserved recombination signal sequences that contain either 12- or 23-nucleotide spacer regions. Only recombination between signal sequences with unequal spacers results in productive coding genes, a phenomenon known as the “12/23 rule.” Here we present two novel genomic tools that allow the capture and analysis of immune locus rearrangements from whole thymic and splenic tissues using second-generation sequencing. Further, we provide strong evidence that the 12/23 rule of genomic recombination is frequently violated under physiological conditions, resulting in unanticipated hybrid recombinations in ∼10% of Tcra excision circles. Hence, we demonstrate that strict adherence to the 12/23 rule is intrinsic neither to recombination signal sequences nor to the catalytic process of recombination and propose that nonclassical excision circles are liberated during the formation of antigen receptor diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Roddis
- Systems Biology Laboratory UK, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Ferneyhough
- Systems Biology Laboratory UK, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Gang Zhang
- Systems Biology Laboratory UK, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Marsden
- Systems Biology Laboratory UK, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Siarhei Maslau
- Systems Biology Laboratory UK, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SA, United Kingdom; MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Barthlott
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and The Basel University Children's Hospital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Hollander
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and The Basel University Children's Hospital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Developmental Immunology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Fischer
- Systems Biology Laboratory UK, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SA, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
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Hwang I, Park S. Computational design of protein therapeutics. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 5:e43-8. [PMID: 24981090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Computation is increasingly used to guide protein therapeutic designs. Some of the potential applications for computational, structure-based protein design include antibody affinity maturation, modulation of protein-protein interaction, stability improvement and minimization of protein aggregation. The versatility of a computational approach is that different biophysical properties can be analyzed on a common framework. Developing a coherent strategy to address various protein engineering objectives will promote synergy and exploration. Advances in computational structural analysis will thus have a transformative impact on how protein therapeutics are engineered in the future.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Sheldon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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Lefranc MP. Immunoglobulin and T Cell Receptor Genes: IMGT(®) and the Birth and Rise of Immunoinformatics. Front Immunol 2014; 5:22. [PMID: 24600447 PMCID: PMC3913909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMGT(®), the international ImMunoGeneTics information system(®) (1), (CNRS and Université Montpellier 2) is the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. By its creation in 1989, IMGT(®) marked the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. IMGT(®) is specialized in the immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility (MH), and proteins of the IgSF and MhSF superfamilies. IMGT(®) has been built on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts, which bridged the gap between genes, sequences, and three-dimensional (3D) structures. The concepts include the IMGT(®) standardized keywords (concepts of identification), IMGT(®) standardized labels (concepts of description), IMGT(®) standardized nomenclature (concepts of classification), IMGT unique numbering, and IMGT Colliers de Perles (concepts of numerotation). IMGT(®) comprises seven databases, 15,000 pages of web resources, and 17 tools, and provides a high-quality and integrated system for the analysis of the genomic and expressed IG and TR repertoire of the adaptive immune responses. Tools and databases are used in basic, veterinary, and medical research, in clinical applications (mutation analysis in leukemia and lymphoma) and in antibody engineering and humanization. They include, for example IMGT/V-QUEST and IMGT/JunctionAnalysis for nucleotide sequence analysis and their high-throughput version IMGT/HighV-QUEST for next-generation sequencing (500,000 sequences per batch), IMGT/DomainGapAlign for amino acid sequence analysis of IG and TR variable and constant domains and of MH groove domains, IMGT/3Dstructure-DB for 3D structures, contact analysis and paratope/epitope interactions of IG/antigen and TR/peptide-MH complexes and IMGT/mAb-DB interface for therapeutic antibodies and fusion proteins for immune applications (FPIA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- The International ImMunoGenetics Information System (IMGT), Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
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Eugster A, Lindner A, Heninger AK, Wilhelm C, Dietz S, Catani M, Ziegler AG, Bonifacio E. Measuring T cell receptor and T cell gene expression diversity in antigen-responsive human CD4+ T cells. J Immunol Methods 2013; 400-401:13-22. [PMID: 24239865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cells have diversity in TCR, epitope recognition, and cytokine production, and can be used for immune monitoring. Furthermore, clonal expansion of TCR families in disease may provide opportunities for TCR-directed therapies. We developed methodology for sequencing expressed genes of TCR alpha and beta chains from single cells and applied this to vaccine (tetanus-toxoid)-responsive CD4(+) T cells. TCR alpha and beta chains were both successfully sequenced in 1309 (43%) of 3038 CD4(+) T cells yielding 677 different receptors. TRAV and TRBV gene usage differed between tetanus-toxoid-responsive and non-responsive cells (p=0.004 and 0.0002), and there was extensive TCR diversity in tetanus-toxoid-responsive cells within individuals. Identical TCRs could be recovered in different samples from the same subject: TCRs identified after booster vaccination were frequent in pre-booster memory T cells (31% of pre-booster TCR), and also identified in pre-booster vaccination naïve cells (6.5%). No TCR was shared between subjects, but tetanus toxoid-responsive cells sharing one of their TCR chains were observed within and between subjects. Coupling single-cell gene expression profiling to TCR sequencing revealed examples of distinct cytokine profiles in cells bearing identical TCR. Novel molecular methodology demonstrates extensive diversity of Ag-responsive CD4(+) T cells within and between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Eugster
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD).
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28
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Schwartz GW, Hershberg U. Germline Amino Acid Diversity in B Cell Receptors is a Good Predictor of Somatic Selection Pressures. Front Immunol 2013; 4:357. [PMID: 24265630 PMCID: PMC3820969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the immune repertoire is important for the adaptive immune system’s ability to detect pathogens. Much of this diversity is generated in two steps, first through the recombination of germline gene segments and second through hypermutation during an immune response. While both steps are to some extent based on the germline level repertoire of genes, the final structure and selection of specific receptors is at the somatic level. How germline diversity and selection relate to somatic diversity and selection has not been clear. To investigate how germline diversity relates to somatic diversity and selection, we considered the published repertoire of Ig heavy chain V genes taken from the blood of 12 individuals, post-vaccination against influenza, sequenced by 454 high-throughput sequencing. We here show that when we consider individual amino acid positions in the heavy chain V gene sequence, there exists a strong correlation between the diversity of the germline repertoire at a position and the number of B cell clones that change amino acids at that position. At the same time, we find that the diversity of amino acids used in the mutated positions is greater than in the germline, albeit still correlated to germline diversity. From these findings, we propose that while germline diversity and germline amino acid usage at a given position do not fully specify the amino acid mutant needed to promote survival of specific clones, germline diversity at a given position is a good indicator for the potential to survive after somatic mutation at that position. We would therefore suggest that germline diversity at each specific position is the better a priori model for the effects of somatic mutation and selection, than simply the division into complementarity determining and framework regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Schwartz
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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Schwartz GW, Hershberg U. Conserved variation: identifying patterns of stability and variability in BCR and TCR V genes with different diversity and richness metrics. Phys Biol 2013; 10:035005. [PMID: 23735612 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/10/3/035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system can detect most invading pathogens. The potential for detection of pathogens is dependent on the somatic diversity of the immune repertoires. While it is known that this somatic diversity is carefully generated, it is unclear how the diversity is distributed in the different genes encoding receptors of immune cells. Utilizing different metrics for richness and diversity at the level of small sequence fragments, we present here an analysis of the entire known human germline repertoire as represented by the sequences from the ImMunoGeneTics database of immune receptors. We have developed a fragment sequence quantification analysis to track variation of repertoires with different degrees of precision. Somatic diversity has previously been functionally characterized mostly by division of the V gene sequences into the more conserved and invariant framework (FR) of the receptor and more varied complementarity determining regions (CDR), that interact with the antigen. We find that CDR and FR can be explicitly identified with our sequence fragment diversity quantification technique. In terms of diversity, CDR and FR are especially distinct in B cell V genes. T cell V genes show less of the CDR/FR periodicity but are more diverse overall. Our analysis further shows that there are other areas of diversity outside the CDR and FR that are found widely dispersed in T cell receptor V genes and more tightly focused in FR1 and FR3 in the B cell receptor V genes. The diversity we observe is not dependent on allelic differences nor is this diversity segregated by individual V gene families. We would thus expect that each individual exhibit a diversity equivalent to that of the entire potential repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Schwartz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Human Gm, Km, and Am allotypes and their molecular characterization: a remarkable demonstration of polymorphism. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 882:635-80. [PMID: 22665258 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-842-9_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin allotypes are antigenic determinants (or "markers") determined serologically, classically by hemagglutination inhibition, on the human immunoglobulin (IG) heavy and light chains. The allotypes have been identified on the gamma1, gamma2, gamma3, and alpha2 heavy chains (they are designated as G1m, G2m, G3m, and A2m allotypes, respectively), and on the kappa light chain (Km allotypes). Gm-Am allotypes are inherited in fixed combinations, or Gm-Am haplotypes, owing to the linkage of the human IGHC genes (IGHG3, IGHG1, IGHA1, IGHG2, IGHG4, IGHE, and IGHA2 from 5' to 3' in the IGH locus on chromosome 14). Gm and Am allotypes have been one of the most powerful tools in population genetics and very instrumental in molecular characterization of the human IGHC genes (gene conversion, copy number variation, gene order). They represent a major system for understanding immunogenicity of the polymorphic IG chains, in relation with amino acid and conformational changes. The correlation between G3m allotypes and amino acid changes has been possible with the sequencing of many alleles of the IGHG3 gene, from individuals from different populations and with known allotypes. In this chapter, we integrate genetics and sequence data and provide an updated overview of the Gm-Am haplotypes and Km allotypes. We propose, for the first time, a complete elucidation of the G3m allotypes, illustrated by the "IMGT G3m allele butterfly" concept that allows a graphical representation of the G3m alleles (variants of a gene expressing a given set of allotypes). Knowledge of allotypes is important in antibody engineering and humanization of monoclonal antibodies to improve immunotherapy.
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Saggy I, Wine Y, Shefet-Carasso L, Nahary L, Georgiou G, Benhar I. Antibody isolation from immunized animals: comparison of phage display and antibody discovery via V gene repertoire mining. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:539-49. [PMID: 22988130 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display has enabled the rapid isolation of antigen-specific antibodies from combinatorial libraries of V(H) and V(L) genes obtained from lymphocytes of immunized animals. Recently, a different approach to antibody isolation that circumvents library screening and instead relies on the mining of the V(H) and V(L) gene repertoires obtained by high throughput sequencing of cDNAs from bone marrow antibody-secreting cells was reported. Here we compared the antibodies obtained via phage library screening or via repertoire mining of V gene cDNAs obtained from total splenocytes of mice immunized with the hapten trinitrophenyl (TNP) conjugated to carrier proteins. We show that, despite the large heterogeneity of B lymphocytes in the spleen, the most abundant V genes encoded antigen-specific antibodies, indicating that total splenocytes can be used in place of bone marrow plasma cells for antibody discovery at least in high titer animals. While both phage display and repertoire mining yielded antigen-specific antibodies showing comparable affinities by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, clones obtained by the latter approach displayed higher selectivity towards TNP relative to control haptens. Interestingly, the antibody genes isolated by phage display were of low abundance or absent from the V gene repertoire obtained by 454 sequencing. Similarly, the highly abundant V genes identified by repertoire mining, that as soluble antibodies were antigen-specific, were found to be poorly displayed on phage and were not enriched by phage panning. Thus, our results reveal that phage display and repertoire mining of immune repertoires are complementary technologies that can yield different antigen-specific antibody clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Saggy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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32
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Lefranc MP. IMGT Collier de Perles for the variable (V), constant (C), and groove (G) domains of IG, TR, MH, IgSF, and MhSF. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:643-651. [PMID: 21632788 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.ip86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONThe “IMGT Collier de Perles” (or “IMGT_Collier_de_Perles”) concept is a major concept of numerotation (generated from the NUMEROTATION axiom) of IMGT-ONTOLOGY, the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics, built by IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system. The “IMGT Collier de Perles” concept, described here, allows standardized two-dimensional (2D) graphical representations of the domains, based on the IMGT unique numbering. Three leafconcepts (a leafconcept is a concept that corresponds to the finest level of granularity) have been defined: for the variable (V) domain and constant (C) domain of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and for the groove (G) domain of the major histocompatibility (MH) superfamily (MhSF). IMGT Colliers de Perles are obtained, starting from V, C, or G domain amino acid sequences, using IMGT/DomainGapAlign and IMGT/Collier de Perles tools. In IMGT/3Dstructure-DB, IMGT Colliers de Perles of V and C domains are provided with hydrogen bonds and those of G domains with IMGT pMH contact analysis. IMGT Colliers de Perles allows one to bridge the gap between sequences and three-dimensional (3D) structures, whatever the species, the IgSF or MhSF protein, or the chain type. They are particularly useful for antibody engineering, sequence-structure analysis, visualization and comparison of positions for mutations, polymorphisms and contact analysis of immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR), MH, and related proteins of the immune system (RPI) belonging to the IgSF and MhSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT, international ImMunoGeneTics information system, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Université Montpellier 2, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UPR CNRS 1142, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Lefranc MP. IMGT, the International ImMunoGeneTics Information System. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:595-603. [PMID: 21632786 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT, international ImMunoGeneTics information system, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Université Montpellier 2, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UPR CNRS 1142, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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34
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Lefranc MP. From IMGT-ONTOLOGY DESCRIPTION axiom to IMGT standardized labels: for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) sequences and structures. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:614-26. [PMID: 21632791 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.ip83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT, international ImMunoGeneTics information system, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Université Montpellier 2, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UPR CNRS 1142, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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35
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Abstract
Affinity proteomics, mainly represented by antibody microarrays, has in recent years been established as a powerful tool for high-throughput (disease) proteomics. The technology can be used to generate detailed protein expression profiles, or protein maps, of focused set of proteins in crude proteomes and potentially even high-resolution portraits of entire proteomes. The technology provides unique opportunities, for example biomarker discovery, disease diagnostics, patient stratification and monitoring of disease, and taking the next steps toward personalized medicine. However, the process of designing high-performing, high-density antibody micro- and nanoarrays has proven to be challenging, requiring truly cross-disciplinary efforts to be adopted. In this mini-review, we address one of these key technological issues, namely, the choice of probe format, and focus on the use of recombinant antibodies vs. polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the generation of antibody arrays.
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Zibellini S, Capello D, Forconi F, Marcatili P, Rossi D, Rattotti S, Franceschetti S, Sozzi E, Cencini E, Marasca R, Baldini L, Tucci A, Bertoni F, Passamonti F, Orlandi E, Varettoni M, Merli M, Rizzi S, Gattei V, Tramontano A, Paulli M, Gaidano G, Arcaini L. Stereotyped patterns of B-cell receptor in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Haematologica 2010; 95:1792-6. [PMID: 20511668 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.025437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen stimulation may be important for splenic marginal zone lymphoma pathogenesis. To address this hypothesis, the occurrence of stereotyped B-cell receptors was investigated in 133 SMZL (26 HCV+) compared with 4,414 HCDR3 sequences from public databases. Sixteen SMZL (12%) showed stereotyped BCR; 7 of 86 (8%) SMZL sequences retrieved from public databases also belonged to stereotyped HCDR3 subsets. Three categories of subsets were identified: i) "SMZL-specific subsets" (n=5), composed only of 12 SMZL (9 HCV-from our series); ii) "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-like subsets" (n=5), comprising 5 SMZL (4 from our series) clustering with other indolent lymphomas; iii) "CLL-like subsets" (n=6), comprising 6 SMZL (3 from our series) that belonged to known CLL subsets (n=4) or clustered with public CLL sequences. Immunoglobulin 3D modeling of 3 subsets revealed similarities in antigen binding regions not limited to HCDR3. Overall, data suggest that the pathogenesis of splenic marginal zone lymphoma may involve also HCV-unrelated epitopes or an antigenic trigger common to other indolent lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zibellini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncohematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia, Italy
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Yong M, Tolner B, Nagl S, Pedley RB, Chester K, Green AJ, Mayer A, Sharma S, Begent R. Data standards for minimum information collection for antibody therapy experiments. Protein Eng Des Sel 2009; 22:221-4. [PMID: 19224941 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research groups developing antibody therapies generate diverse data sets; the value of these sets would be compounded when shared or amalgamated. A complete amalgamation of diverse data sets requires data standards for information collection during experiments. We propose to define elements of the data standards in the form of common data elements (CDEs) in order to clarify each experiment's targets and data values. We have created a set of core information elements which we suggest should be collected from antibody therapy experiments. We propose these as a basis for community consultation with a view to defining a set of data standards which can be developed under the auspices of the Antibody Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yong
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, UK.
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