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Ong V, Soleimani A, Amirghasemi F, Khazaee Nejad S, Abdelmonem M, Razaviyayn M, Hosseinzadeh P, Comai L, Mousavi MPS. Impedimetric Sensing: An Emerging Tool for Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020204. [PMID: 36831970 PMCID: PMC9953732 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a pressing need for the development of sensitive and low-cost point-of-care sensors for disease diagnosis. The current standard of care for COVID-19 is quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This method is sensitive, but takes time, effort, and requires specialized equipment and reagents to be performed correctly. This make it unsuitable for widespread, rapid testing and causes poor individual and policy decision-making. Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are a widely used alternative that provide results quickly but have low sensitivity and are prone to false negatives, particularly in cases with lower viral burden. Electrochemical sensors have shown much promise in filling this technology gap, and impedance spectroscopy specifically has exciting potential in rapid screening of COVID-19. Due to the data-rich nature of impedance measurements performed at different frequencies, this method lends itself to machine-leaning (ML) algorithms for further data processing. This review summarizes the current state of impedance spectroscopy-based point-of-care sensors for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article also suggests future directions to address the technology's current limitations to move forward in this current pandemic and prepare for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ong
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Farbod Amirghasemi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sina Khazaee Nejad
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mona Abdelmonem
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Meisam Razaviyayn
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Knight Campus Center Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maral P. S. Mousavi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Sakhabutdinova AR, Gazizov RR, Chemeris AV, Garafutdinov RR. Reverse transcriptase-free detection of viral RNA using Hemo Klentaq DNA polymerase. Anal Biochem 2022; 659:114960. [PMID: 36306819 PMCID: PMC9597527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the demand for the fast and reliable detection of viral RNA. Although various methods for RNA amplification and detection have been proposed, some limitations, including those caused by reverse transcription (RT), need to be overcome. Here, we report on the direct detection of specific RNA by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requiring no prior RT step. It was found that Hemo KlenTaq (HKTaq), which is posed as DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, possesses reverse transcriptase activity and provides reproducible amplification of RNA targets with an efficiency comparable to common RT-PCR. Using nasopharyngeal swab extracts from COVID-19-positive patients, the high reliability of SARS-CoV-2 detection based on HKTaq was demonstrated. The most accurate detection of specific targets are provided by nearby primers, which allow to determine RNA in solutions affected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles. HKTaq can be used for elaboration of simplified amplification techniques intended for the analysis of any specific RNA and requiring only one DNA polymerase.
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