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Wang Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu Z, Sun S, Li R, Zhu H, Li T, Zheng J, Li J, Ma L. Circular RNAs in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e699. [PMID: 39239069 PMCID: PMC11374765 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of RNA molecules formed through back-splicing rather than linear splicing. As an emerging field in molecular biology, circRNAs have garnered significant attention due to their distinct structure and potential functional implications. A comprehensive understanding of circRNAs' functions and potential clinical applications remains elusive despite accumulating evidence of their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Recent research highlights their significant roles in various human diseases, but comprehensive reviews on their functions and applications remain scarce. This review provides an in-depth examination of circRNAs, focusing first on their involvement in non-neoplastic diseases such as respiratory, endocrine, metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. We then explore their roles in tumors, with particular emphasis on exosomal circular RNAs, which are crucial for cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. By detailing their biogenesis, functions, and impact on disease mechanisms, this review underscores the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The review not only enhances our understanding of circRNAs' roles in specific diseases and tumor types but also highlights their potential as novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, thereby paving the way for future clinical investigations and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) The First Department of Thoracic Surgery Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Peking University School of Oncology Beijing China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Zhuofeng Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Sijia Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Anatomy Medical College of Yan'an University Yan'an China
- Institute of Medical Research Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrine Xijing 986 Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Litian Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
- Department of Gastroenterology Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Medicine Northwest University Xi'an China
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Bhat AA, Gupta G, Goyal A, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Kukreti N, Sekar M, Meenakshi DU, Singh SK, MacLoughlin R, Dua K. Unwinding circular RNA's role in inflammatory pulmonary diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2567-2588. [PMID: 37917370 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and cellular processes in various physiological and pathological conditions. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the role of circRNAs in inflammatory lung diseases, owing to their potential to modulate inflammation-associated pathways and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Inflammatory lung diseases, like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and COVID-19, pose significant global health challenges. The dysregulation of inflammatory responses demonstrates a pivotal function in advancing these diseases. CircRNAs have been identified as important players in regulating inflammation by functioning as miRNA sponges, engaging with RNA-binding proteins, and participating in intricate ceRNA networks. These interactions enable circRNAs to regulate the manifestation of key inflammatory genes and signaling pathways. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that specific circRNAs are differentially expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli and exhibit distinct patterns in various lung diseases. Their involvement in immune cell activation, cytokine production, and tissue remodeling processes underscores their possible capabilities as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Harnessing the knowledge of circRNA-mediated regulation in inflammatory lung diseases could lead to the development of innovative strategies for disease management and intervention. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of circRNAs in inflammatory lung diseases, focusing on their regulatory mechanisms and functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Aerogen Limited, IDA Business Park, Galway, Connacht, H91 HE94, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster, D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Ding Z, Xiao X, Fan L, Mao Z, Sun C, Li N, Zhang Q. Circ_0070934 promotes MGAT3 expression and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bronchial epithelial cells by sponging miR-199a-5p. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:23. [PMID: 38521909 PMCID: PMC10960995 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA (circRNA) has the potential to serve as a crucial regulator in the progression of bronchial asthma. The objective of this investigation was to elucidate the functional dynamics of the circ_0070934/miR-199a-5p/Mannoside acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (MGAT3) axis in the development of asthma. METHODS Circ_0070934, miR-199a-5p and MGAT3 in peripheral venous blood of 38 asthmatic patients and 43 healthy controls were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression of MGAT3 protein was examined by ELISA. The GSE148000 dataset was analyzed for differences in MGAT3. The BEAS-2B cells were transfected with circ_0070934 plasmid and small interfering RNA, miR-199a-5p mimics and inhibitors. The apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry and MGAT3 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin was examined by Western blot. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 were used to co-stimulate BEAS-2B cells as an asthmatic airway epithelial cell model. BEAS-2B cells exposed to type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were treated with circ_0070934 plasmid, and the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin was detected by Western blot. The binding relationships were verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay and miRNA pull-down assay. RESULTS The expression of circ_0070934 and MGAT3 in peripheral venous blood of asthmatic patients was down-regulated, and the expression of miR-199a-5p was up-regulated. And the expression of MGAT3 was reduced in sputum of asthma patients. Down-regulating the expression of circ_0070934 could promote apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells and increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and this effect can be partially reversed by down-regulating miR-199a-5p. Circ_0070934 could inhibit the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, miR-199a-5p could respectively bind to circ_0070934 and MGAT3. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that circ_0070934 may function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-199a-5p, thereby modulating the expression of MGAT3 and impacting the process of EMT in bronchial epithelial cells. These results contribute to the establishment of a theoretical framework for advancing the prevention and treatment strategies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xinru Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liang Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Chuang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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Liu X, Ali MK, Dua K, Mao Y, Liu J. Circular RNAs: emerging players in asthma and COPD. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1267792. [PMID: 38078005 PMCID: PMC10704470 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1267792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a unique class of endogenously expressed non-protein-coding RNAs with a distinct circularized structure, characterized by the absence of 5'-cap and 3'-polyadenylate ends. They are generally formed through back-splicing from pre-mRNAs. They serve as regulators of transcription and splicing, and act as sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins, thereby modulating the expression of target genes. As a result, they exert a substantial impact on a diverse array of cellular and biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Asthma and COPD are chronic airway conditions that currently have no cure. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests that altered expression of circRNAs in airway, bronchial and immune cells is involved in asthma and COPD pathogenesis. Studies exploring circRNA dysregulation in asthma have showcased their involvement in regulating the proliferation, migration, and inflammation of airway smooth muscle and bronchial epithelial cells, as well as impacting goblet cell metaplasia, Th2 cell differentiation, and macrophage activation, primarily through interactions with miRNAs. Similarly, in COPD, circRNAs have shown altered expression patterns in the blood and lungs of patients, and these changes have been linked to modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling in preclinical models. Furthermore, certain circRNAs have demonstrated promising potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for both asthma and COPD. This review delves into the current understanding of the function and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in asthma and COPD, along with exploring their potential as biomarkers in these respiratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Pre-Professional Health Academic Program, California State University, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Yuqiang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Skills Practice Teaching Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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