BSA-PEI Nanoparticle Mediated Efficient Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into MDA-MB-231 Cells

Protein-based nanoparticles for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery

To realize the full potential of emerging nucleic acid therapies, there is a need for effective delivery agents to transport cargo to cells of interest. Protein materials exhibit several unique properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization via recombinant and chemical modifications, among other features, which establish a promising basis for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery systems. In this review, we highlight progress made in the use of non-viral protein-based nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo, while elaborating on key physicochemical properties that have enabled the use of these materials for nanoparticle formulation and drug delivery. To conclude, we comment on the prospects and unresolved challenges associated with the translation of protein-based nucleic acid delivery systems for therapeutic applications.

Revisiting of Properties and Modified Polyethylenimine-Based Cancer Gene Delivery Systems

A new era of medical technology in cancer treatment is a directly specific modification of gene expression in tumor cells by nucleic acid delivery. Currently, the main challenge to achieving this goal is to find a non-toxic, safe, and effective strategy for gene transfer to cancer cells. Synthetic composites based on cationic polymers have historically been favored in bioengineering due to their ability to mimic bimolecular structures. Among them, polyethylenimines (PEIs) with superior properties such as a wide range of molecular weight and a flexible structure may propel the development of functional combinations in the biomedical and biomaterial fields. Here, in this review, we will focus on the recent progressions in the formulation optimization of PEI-based polyplex in gene delivery to treat cancer. Also, the effect of PEI's intrinsic characteristics such as structure, molecular weight, and positive charges which influence the gene delivery efficiency will be discussed.

Applications of CRISPR Technology to Breast Cancer and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Research

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology has transformed oncology research in many ways. Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy globally and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes with numerous challenges still to be faced. In this work, we have explained what CRISPR consists of and listed its applications in breast cancer while focusing on TNBC research. These are disease modelling, the search for novel genes involved in tumour progression, sensitivity to drugs and immunotherapy response, tumour fitness, diagnosis, and treatment. Additionally, we have listed the current delivery methods employed for the delivery of CRISPR systems in vivo. Lastly, we have highlighted the limitations that CRISPR technology is subject to and the future directions that we envisage. Overall, we have provided a round summary of the aspects concerning CRISPR in breast cancer/TNBC research.

The ultrasonically treated nanoliposomes containing PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing gC1qR binding site mutant Cap is efficient in mice

Nowadays, vaccines are broadly used to prevent porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection-induced expenditures, but the virus is still spreading among pigs. The current PCV2 vaccines all rely on the immunogenicity of Cap, yet our previous studies found that Cap is also the major component mediating the PCV2 infection-induced immune suppression through its interaction with host gC1qR. Thereby, new vaccines are still necessary for PCV2 prevention and control. In this study, we constructed a new PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the gC1qR binding site mutant Cap. We introduced the Intron A and WPRE elements into the vector to improve the Cap expression level, and fused the IL-2 secretory signal peptides to the N-terminal of Cap to mediate the secretion of Cap. We also screened and selected chemokines CXCL12, CCL22, and CCL25 to migrate dendritic cells. In addition, we contained the vectors with PEI and then ultrasonic them into nano size to enhance the entrance of the vectors. Finally, the animal experiments showed that the new PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the gC1qR binding site mutant Cap could induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than the PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the wild-type Cap and the non-ultrasonic treated PCV2 DNA vaccine in mice, and protect the mice from PCV2 infection and lung lesions. The results indicate the new PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the gC1qR binding site mutant Cap has a certain development value, and provide new insight into the development of novel PCV2 vaccines.