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Srivastava A, Srivastava AK, Pandeya A, Pant AB. Pesticide mediated silent neurotoxicity and its unmasking: An update on recent progress. Toxicology 2023; 500:153665. [PMID: 37944577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Being human's one of the most protected organs, brain is yet most vulnerable to xenobiotics exposure. Though pesticide-mediated neurotoxicity is well-explored, the fraternity of neurotoxicologists is less focused on the phenomenon of "silent" or "clinically undetectable" neurotoxicity. Silent neurotoxicity defines continual trivial changes in the nervous system that do not manifest any overt signs of toxicity unless unmasked by any natural or experimental event. Although this perception is not novel, insufficient experimental and epidemiological evidence makes it an outlier among toxicological research. A report in 2016 highlighted the need to investigate silent neurotoxicity and its potential challenges. The limited existing experimental data unveiled the unique responsiveness of neurons following silent neurotoxicity unmasking. Concerned studies have shown that low-dose developmental exposure to pesticides sensitizes the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system towards silent neurotoxicity, making it vulnerable to advanced cumulative neurotoxicity following pesticide challenges later in life. Therefore, conducting such studies may explain the precise etiology of pesticide-induced neurological disorders in humans. With no updates on this topic since 2016, this review is an attempt to acquaint the neurotoxicologist with silent neurotoxicity as a serious threat to human health, and proof-of-concept through a narrative using relevant published data so far with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ankur Kumar Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Abhishek Pandeya
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Aditya Bhushan Pant
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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Mekircha F, Fedeli D, Nasuti C, Kecies H, Gabbianelli R, Bordoni L. Early-Life Exposure to Commercial Formulation Containing Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin Insecticides Impacts Redox System and Induces Unexpected Regional Effects in Rat Offspring Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051047. [PMID: 37237913 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the oxidative impact of pesticides is most prevalent in rural environments where they are intensively used. At different levels, pyrethroids are reported to promote neurodegeneration; they share the ability to promote oxidative stress, and to induce mitochondrial impairments, α-synuclein overexpression and neuronal cell loss. The present study evaluates the impact of early-life exposure to a commercial formulation containing deltamethrin (DM) and cypermethrin (CYP) at a dose of 1/100 LD50 (1.28 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively). Rats aged 30 days old, treated from the 6th to the 21st day of life, were tested for brain antioxidant activity and α-synuclein levels. Four regions of the brain were analyzed: the striatum, cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus. Our data demonstrated a significant increase in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) antioxidant levels in the brain regions compared to the controls. Pups exhibited no significant changes in protein carbonyl levels and lipid peroxidation. Striatal α-synuclein expression was significantly reduced in the rats exposed to DM + CYP, while the treatment resulted in a non-significant increase in the other brain areas. These findings indicate unexpected effects of postnatal treatment with the commercial formulation containing DM and CYP on brain redox state and α-synuclein expression, suggesting an adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Mekircha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel 18000, Algeria
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- Unit of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Hadjer Kecies
- Laboratory of Natural Science and Materials (LSNM), Institute of Science and Technology, Abdelhafid Boussouf, University Center Mila, Mila 43000, Algeria
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Vorselaars ADM, van den Berg PM, Drent M. Severe pulmonary toxicity associated with inhalation of pyrethroid-based domestic insecticides (Bop/Sapolio): a case series and literature review. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:271-277. [PMID: 33927133 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review focuses on serious pulmonary toxicity after inhalation of over the counter available pyrethroid-based insecticides. Pyrethroid is a synthetic product of pyrethrin, which in turn is the active ingredient of pyrethrum, a flower extract. RECENT FINDINGS On the contrary, a large gap of knowledge exists in the association of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with pyrethroids. So far, two cases of ILD, one associated with pyrethrin and one associated with pyrethrum, were described. Existing literature on both other (pulmo)toxic effects of pyrethroids in human and animals is summarized. SUMMARY We present three cases of severe pulmonary toxicity after inhalation of pyrethroid-based insecticides demanding hospitalization and oxygen therapy. One of these cases died. Although a causal relationship was hard to establish, these cases all demonstrated an obvious history of (repeated) pyrethroid exposure associated with ILD. Moreover, other causes of ILD as well as infections were excluded. Furthermore, studies in mammals as well as aquatic animals confirm (pulmonary) toxicity of pyrethroids. The occurrence of toxicity is dose-dependent but also associated with individual susceptibility. Therefore, we would like to acknowledge that awareness of potential hazards of commercially available insecticides containing pyrethroids to both medical physicians and the public is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane D M Vorselaars
- ILD Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre, Utrecht
- Department of Pulmonology, Curaçao Medical Centre, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | | | - Marjolein Drent
- ILD Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht
- ILD Care Foundation Research Team, Ede, The Netherlands
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Hassouna I. Transplacental neurotoxicity of cypermethrin induced astrogliosis, microgliosis and depletion of let-7 miRNAs expression in the developing rat cerebral cortex. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1608-1615. [PMID: 33312879 PMCID: PMC7721691 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplacental neurotoxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin DNA alterations and immunohistochemical staining of astrocytes and microglia Cypermethrin induces astrogliosis and microgliosis in cerebral cortex MicroRNAs let7a, b, and c deplete in cerebral cortex of rat pups at postanal days
The use of type II pyrethroids, cypermethrin is becoming a growing concern among environmental research centers. While most studies have attempted to cover the areas of DNA damage and microglia activation following exposure to cypermethin in the adult or postnatal life, less is known about the exact degree of neurotoxicity that results from exposure to transplacental sublethal doses of cypermethrin. To study the transplacental neurotoxicity of cypermethrin, pregnant rats were orally administered 10 % of LD50 (25 mg/kg body weight) cypermethrin, one dose daily for one week during the gestational days 15–21. The pups were investigated at postnatal day7, 14 and 21 after birth. In brain, DNA alterations were detected, astrocytes and microglia quantification were performed and some let7 family member miRNAs are estimated. The results show a gain of three major bands in the range of 350bp to 2100bp with high intensities in cortex exposed to cypermethrin compared with similar pattern indicating unaffected genomic regions in thalamus and hypothalamus at 21days. Moreover, increases in the percentage of GFAP positive astrocytes and IBA1 positive microglia indicate astrogliosis and microgliosis respectively due to cypermethrin treatment in cerebral cortex. For the first time, drastically reduced expression of let7a, b and c members are also associated with gliosis and DNA alterations, which are detected in cerebral cortex, following transplacental neurotoxicity of cypermethrin. Taking together, these results suggest that cypermethrin neurotoxicity may be mediated partly through let7 miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hassouna
- Physiology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
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Singh T, Yadav S. Role of microRNAs in neurodegeneration induced by environmental neurotoxicants and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101068. [PMID: 32283224 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progressive loss of neuronal structure and functions resulting in the death of neurons is considered as neurodegeneration. Environmental toxicants induced degeneration of neurons is accelerated with aging. In adult brains, most of the neurons are post-mitotic, and their loss results in the development of diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Neurodegenerative diseases have several similarities at the sub-cellular and molecular levels, such as synaptic degeneration, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive decline, which are also known in brain aging. Identification of these similarities at the molecular level offers hope for the development of new therapeutics to ameliorate all neurodegenerative diseases simultaneously. Aging is known as the most strongly associated additive factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies carried out so far identified several genes, which are responsible for selective degeneration of neurons in different neurodegenerative diseases. Countless efforts have been made in identifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases; however, the discovery of effective therapy remains elusive. Findings made in the last two decades identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as the most potent post-transcription regulatory RNA molecule, which can condition protein levels in the cell and tissue-specific manner. Identification of miRNAs, which regulate both neurotoxicant and aging-associated degeneration of brain cells, raises the possibility that roads leading to aging and neurotoxicant induced neurodegeneration cross at some point. Identification of miRNAs, which are common to aging and neurotoxicant induced neurodegeneration, will help in understanding the complex mechanism of neurodegenerative disease development. In the future, the use of natural miRNAs in vivo in therapy will be able to tackle several issues of aging and neurodegeneration. In the present review, we have provided a summary of findings made on the role of miRNAs in neurodegeneration and explored the common link made by miRNAs between aging and neurotoxicants induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan,31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-15213, USA.
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan,31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raebareli, Munsiganj, Raebareli 229405, UP, India.
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Overexpression of cerebral cytochrome P450s in prenatally exposed offspring modify the toxicity of lindane in rechallenged offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 371:20-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gómez-Giménez B, Llansola M, Cabrera-Pastor A, Hernández-Rabaza V, Agustí A, Felipo V. Endosulfan and Cypermethrin Pesticide Mixture Induces Synergistic or Antagonistic Effects on Developmental Exposed Rats Depending on the Analyzed Behavioral or Neurochemical End Points. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:369-380. [PMID: 29094921 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has been associated with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Usually people are exposed to mixtures of pesticides. However, most studies analyze the effects of individual pesticides. Developmental exposure to mixtures of pesticides may result in additive effects or in antagonistic or synergistic effects. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of developmental exposure of rats to cypermethrin or endosulfan with the effects of its mixture on cognitive and motor function and on some underlying mechanisms. Exposure to individual pesticides or the mixture was from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21. We analyzed the effects, in males and females, on spatial learning and memory, associative learning, anxiety, motor coordination, and spontaneous motor activity. We also analyzed neuroinflammation and NMDA receptor subunits in hippocampus and extracellular GABA in cerebellum. Exposure to the mixture, but not to individual pesticides, impaired spatial memory in males, associative learning in females, and increased motor activity in males and females. This indicates a synergistic effect of cypermethrin and endolsufan exposure on these end points. In contrast, motor coordination was impaired by individual exposure to endosulfan or cypermethrin, associated with increased extracellular GABA in cerebellum, but these effects were prevented in rats exposed to the mixture, indicating an antagonistic effect of cypermethrin and endolsufan exposure on these end points. The results show different interaction modes (synergism or antagonism) of the pesticides, depending on the end point analyzed and the sex of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gómez-Giménez
- Laboratorio
de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratorio
de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Laboratorio
de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Vicente Hernández-Rabaza
- Laboratorio
de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera University-CEU, CEU Universities, Avda del Pozo s/n, Alfara del Patriarca 46115, Spain
| | - Ana Agustí
- Laboratorio
de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratorio
de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
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Gómez-Giménez B, Felipo V, Cabrera-Pastor A, Agustí A, Hernández-Rabaza V, Llansola M. Developmental Exposure to Pesticides Alters Motor Activity and Coordination in Rats: Sex Differences and Underlying Mechanisms. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:247-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Van Maele-Fabry G, Gamet-Payrastre L, Lison D. Residential exposure to pesticides as risk factor for childhood and young adult brain tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28623811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests a positive association between exposure to non-agricultural pesticides and childhood brain tumors (CBT). OBJECTIVE (1) To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies on the association between residential/household/domestic exposure to pesticides and childhood brain tumors. (2) To clarify variables that could impact the results. METHODS Publications in English were identified from a MEDLINE search through 28 February 2017 and from the reference list of identified publications. Risk estimates were extracted from 18 case-control studies published between 1979 and 2016 and study quality assessments were performed. Summary odds ratios (mOR) were calculated according to fixed and random-effect meta-analysis models. Separate analyses were conducted after stratification for study quality, critical exposure period, exposure location, specific exposures, pesticide category, application methods, type of pest treated, type of CBT, child's age at diagnosis and geographic location. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were observed with CBT after combining all studies (mOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13-1.40) without evidence of inconsistency between study results or publication bias. Specifically, increased risks were observed for several groupings and more particularly for gliomas and exposure involving insecticides. Statistical significance was also reached for high quality studies, for all exposure periods, for indoor exposure and, more particularly, during the prenatal period for all stratifications involving insecticides (except for outdoor use), for pet treatments, for flea/tick treatment, for studies from USA/Canada and studies from Europe (borderline) as well as for data from studies including children of up to 10years at diagnosis and of up to 15years. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an association between residential exposure to pesticides and childhood brain tumors. Although causality cannot be established, these results add to the evidence leading to recommend limiting residential use of pesticides and to support public health policies serving this objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Van Maele-Fabry
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Avenue E. Mounier 53.02, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173 Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Lison
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Avenue E. Mounier 53.02, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Abreu-Villaça Y, Levin ED. Developmental neurotoxicity of succeeding generations of insecticides. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:55-77. [PMID: 27908457 PMCID: PMC5285268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are by design toxic. They must be toxic to effectively kill target species of insects. Unfortunately, they also have off-target toxic effects that can harm other species, including humans. Developmental neurotoxicity is one of the most prominent off-target toxic risks of insecticides. Over the past seven decades several classes of insecticides have been developed, each with their own mechanisms of effect and toxic side effects. This review covers the developmental neurotoxicity of the succeeding generations of insecticides including organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotinoids. The goal of new insecticide development is to more effectively kill target species with fewer toxic side effects on non-target species. From the experience with the developmental neurotoxicity caused by the generations of insecticides developed in the past advice is offered how to proceed with future insecticide development to decrease neurotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiologicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Imprinting of cerebral cytochrome P450s in offsprings prenatally exposed to cypermethrin augments toxicity on rechallenge. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37426. [PMID: 27853314 PMCID: PMC5112598 DOI: 10.1038/srep37426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic studies were carried in the rat offsprings, born to dams treated with cypermethrin (orally; 5.0 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 5 to 21 and rechallenged with cypermethrin (orally; 10 mg/kg for 6 days), at adulthood (12 weeks) to understand the mechanism underlying the overexpression of cerebral cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in exposed offsprings. The data revealed alterations in histone H3 acetylation and DNA methylation in promoter regions of CYP1A- and 2B- isoenzymes in the brain isolated from rechallenged animals. Further, bisulphite sequencing revealed critical CpG methylation changes in BARBIE BOX (Barbiturate response element) and BTE (Basal transcription element) in promoter of CYP2B1 in the brain isolated from rechallenged animals. Western blotting and DNA laddering/fragmentation studies revealed a greater magnitude of increase in the signalling pathways associated with apoptosis in the rechallenged animals. The data have indicated that overexpression of cerebral CYPs could be due to the imprinting of CYPs. Further, increased apoptosis observed in the rechallenged offsprings has suggested that these epigenetic changes in CYPs may predispose the prenatally exposed offsprings to the neurotoxic effects of other centrally acting drugs and chemicals when subsequently rechallenged later at life.
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Eraslan G, Kanbur M, Siliğ Y, Karabacak M, Soyer Sarica Z, Şahin S. The acute and chronic toxic effect of cypermethrin, propetamphos, and their combinations in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1415-1429. [PMID: 25926273 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the acute and chronic toxic effects of cypermethrin, propetamphos, and combined cypermethrin and propetamphos. Four groups, each comprising 10 animals, were established for the acute (a) and chronic (b) toxicity trials, and in total, 80 male Wistar albino rats were used. In the acute toxicity trial, the first group was maintained for control purposes, and groups 2a, 3a, and 4a were administered only once with 80 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin, 25 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos and 80 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin combined with 25 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos, respectively, by gavage directly into the stomach. In the chronic toxicity trial, the first group was also maintained for control purposes, while groups 2b, 3b, and 4b were administered daily with 12 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin, 4 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos, and 12 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin combined with 4 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos respectively, by gavage directly into the stomach for 60 days. Blood and tissue (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and testis) samples were taken 24 h after pesticide administration in the acute toxicity trial and at the end of day 60 in the chronic toxicity trial. Oxidative stress (MDA, NO, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and G6PD) parameters, serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, protein, and albumin) and hepatic drug-metabolizing parameters (CYP2E1, CYPB5, CYTC, GST, and GSH) were investigated in the samples. When administered either alone or in combination, both pesticides inhibited the antioxidant enzymes and increased MDA and NO levels. For the drug-metabolizing parameters investigated, particularly in the chronic period, either increase (CYP2E1, CYPB5, and CYTC) or decrease (GST and GSH) was observed. Furthermore, some negative changes were detected in the serum biochemical parameters. In result, cypermethrin and propetamphos combinations and long-term exposure to these combinations produced a greater toxic effect than the administration of these insecticides alone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1415-1429, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Eraslan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kanbur
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Siliğ
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mürsel Karabacak
- Erciyes University, Safiye Çıkrıkcıoğlu Vacational Collage, Animal Health Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Soyer Sarica
- Erciyes University, Hakan Çetinsaya Experimental Animal Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
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Mudawal A, Singh A, Yadav S, Mishra M, Singh PK, Chandravanshi LP, Mishra J, Khanna VK, Bandyopadhyay S, Parmar D. Similarities in lindane induced alterations in protein expression profiling in different brain regions with neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomics 2015; 15:3875-82. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Mudawal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI); Lucknow India
| | - Pradhyumna Kumar Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI); Lucknow India
| | - Lalit Pratap Chandravanshi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
| | - Vinay K. Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
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Prenatal Exposure of Cypermethrin Induces Similar Alterations in Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450s and Rate-Limiting Enzymes of Neurotransmitter Synthesis in Brain Regions of Rat Offsprings During Postnatal Development. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3670-3689. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Parker GA, Picut CA, Swanson C, Toot JD. Histologic Features of Postnatal Development of Immune System Organs in the Sprague-Dawley Rat. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:794-815. [PMID: 25883109 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315578720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system of the rat undergoes substantial functional and morphological development during the postnatal period. Some aspects of this development are genetically predetermined, while other aspects depend on environmental influences. Detailed information on postnatal development is important in the interpretation of histopathologic findings in juvenile toxicology and pubertal assay studies, as well as other studies conducted in juvenile rats. Studies were conducted to provide detailed characterization of histologic features of the major functional compartments of immune system organs in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at weekly intervals from the day of birth through postnatal day (PND) 42. Maturation of the individual immune system organs occurred across a range of ages, with histologic maturation of T-cell-related compartments typically occurring prior to maturation of B-cell-related compartments. The sequence of histologic maturation was bone marrow and thymus on PND 14, mesenteric lymph node on PND 21, Peyer's patches and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue on PND 28, mandibular lymph node, nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, and diffuse mucosal mononuclear cell population of small intestine on PND 35, and spleen on PND 42. An estimation of functional maturation can be made based on the morphological indications of maturity of each compartment of immune system organs, but histologic indications of maturity do not confirm functional immunocompetence.
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16
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Effect of prenatal exposure of lindane on alterations in the expression of cerebral cytochrome P450s and neurotransmitter receptors in brain regions. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 77:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Maurya SK, Mishra J, Abbas S, Bandyopadhyay S. Cypermethrin Stimulates GSK3β-Dependent Aβ and p-tau Proteins and Cognitive Loss in Young Rats: Reduced HB-EGF Signaling and Downstream Neuroinflammation as Critical Regulators. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:968-982. [PMID: 25575682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated early signs of AD-like pathology upon exposure to a pyrethroid pesticide, cypermethrin, reported to impair neurodevelopment. We treated weanling rats with cypermethrin (10 and 25 mg/kg) and detected dose-dependent increase in the key proteins of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ), and phospho-tau, in frontal cortex and hippocampus as early as postnatal day 45. Upregulation of Aβ pathway involved an increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its pro-amyloidogenic processing through beta-secretase (BACE) and gamma-secretase. Tau pathway entailed elevation in tau and glycogen-synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK3β)-dependent, phospho-tau. GSK3β emerged as a molecular link between the two pathways, evident from reduction in phospho-tau as well as BACE upon treating GSK3β inhibitor, lithium chloride. Exploring the mechanism revealed an attenuated heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) signaling and downstream astrogliosis-mediated neuroinflammation to be responsible for inducing Aβ and phospho-tau. Cypermethrin caused a proximal reduction in HB-EGF, which promoted astrocytic nuclear factor kappa B signaling and astroglial activation close to Aβ and phospho-tau. Glial activation stimulated generation of interleukin-1 (IL-1), which upregulated GSK3β, and APP and tau as well, resulting in co-localization of Aβ and phospho-tau with IL-1 receptor. Intracerebral insertion of exogenous HB-EGF restored its own signaling and suppressed neuroinflammation and thereby Aβ and phospho-tau in cypermethrin-exposed rats, proving a central role of reduced HB-EGF signaling in cypermethrin-mediated neurodegeneration. Furthermore, cypermethrin stimulated cognitive impairments, which could be prevented by exogenous HB-EGF. Our data demonstrate that cypermethrin induces premature upregulation of GSK3β-dependent Aβ and tau pathways, where HB-EGF signaling and neuroinflammation serve as essential regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Developmental Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sabiya Abbas
- Food and Chemical Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India.
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18
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Pandey A, Jauhari A, Singh T, Singh P, Singh N, Srivastava AK, Khan F, Pant AB, Parmar D, Yadav S. Transactivation of P53 by cypermethrin induced miR-200 and apoptosis in neuronal cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid pesticide, has been shown to induce neurotoxicity in adult mammals. However, studies are also needed to explore its toxicity in developing brains and understand its mechanism of action in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
- Department of Biochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard University
| | - Abhishek Jauhari
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
| | - Tanisha Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
| | - Parul Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
| | - Nishant Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
| | - Ankur Kumar Srivastava
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard University
- New Delhi-110062
- India
| | | | - Devendra Parmar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
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19
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Effect of Gestational Exposure of Cypermethrin on Postnatal Development of Brain Cytochrome P450 2D1 and 3A1 and Neurotransmitter Receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:741-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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