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Fan J, Zhu J, Zhu H, Xu H. Potential therapeutic targets in myeloid cell therapy for overcoming chemoresistance and immune suppression in gastrointestinal tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104362. [PMID: 38614267 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), myeloid cells play a pivotal role. Myeloid-derived immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are central components in shaping the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor. Within the TME, a majority of TAMs assume an M2 phenotype, characterized by their pro-tumoral activity. These cells promote tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. In contrast, M1 macrophages, under appropriate activation conditions, exhibit cytotoxic capabilities against cancer cells. However, an excessive M1 response may lead to pro-tumoral inflammation. As a result, myeloid cells have emerged as crucial targets in cancer therapy. This review concentrates on gastrointestinal tumors, detailing methods for targeting macrophages to enhance tumor radiotherapy and immunotherapy sensitivity. We specifically delve into monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages' various functions, establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment, promoting tumorigenic inflammation, and fostering neovascularization and stromal remodeling. Additionally, we examine combination therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Zhao B, Zhang S, Amin N, Pan J, Wu F, Shen G, Tan M, Shi Z, Geng Y. Thymoquinone regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2024; 101:54-67. [PMID: 38325603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke followed by microglia activation, and the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses after ischemic injury involves microglia polarization. microglia polarization is involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses and ischemic stroke-related brain damage. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an anti-inflammatory agent following ischemic stroke onset. However, the significance of TQ in microglia polarization following acute ischemic stroke is still unclear. We predicted that TQ might have neuroprotective properties by modulating microglia polarization. In this work, we mimicked the clinical signs of acute ischemic stroke using a mouse middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. It was discovered that TQ treatment decreased I/R-induced infarct volume, cerebral oedema, and promoted neuronal survival, as well as improved the histopathological changes of brain tissue. The sensorimotor function was assessed by the Garica score, foot fault test, and corner test, and it was found that TQ could improve the motor deficits caused by I/R. Secondly, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, immuno-fluorescence, ELISA, and western blot were used to detect the expression of M1/M2-specific markers in microglia to explore the role of TQ in the modulation of microglial cell polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. We found that TQ was able to promote the polarization of microglia with extremely secreted inflammatory factors from M1 type to M2 type. Furthermore, TQ could block the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway via Hif-1α activation which subsequently may attenuate microglia differentiation following the cerebral ischemia, establishing a mechanism for the TQ's beneficial effects in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Shen
- Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Mingming Tan
- Department of Quality Management, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yao J, Liu J, He Y, Liu L, Xu Z, Lin X, Liu N, Kai G. Systems pharmacology reveals the mechanism of Astragaloside IV in improving immune activity on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116533. [PMID: 37100262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myelosuppression, also known as bone marrow suppression (BMS), is a pathological phenomenon of the decrease in the production of blood cells and further lead to immune homeostasis disorder. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (AM, checked with The World Flora Online, http://www.worldfloraonline.org, updated on January 30, 2023) is a traditional Chinese medicine with efficacy of tonifying Qi and strengthening body immunity in thousands of years of clinical practice in China. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a major active ingredient of AM, which plays an important role in regulating immune system through different ways. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of AS-IV on macrophages in vitro and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice in vivo, and to provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of AS-IV in myelosuppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, the core targets and signaling pathways of saponins of AM against myelosuppression were screened. And then, the immunoregulatory effect of AS-IV on RAW264.7 cells was investigated by cellular immune activity and cellular secretion analysis in vitro. In this way, the effects of AS-IV on the main potential targets of HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot methods. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of the effects of AS-IV against CTX-induced mice were conducted on the basis of immune organs indices analysis, histopathological analysis, hematological analysis, natural killer cell activity analysis and spleen lymphocyte transformation activity analysis. In order to further verify the relationship between active ingredients and action targets, drug inhibitor experiments were finally conducted. RESULTS AS-IV, as a potential anti-myelosuppressive compound, was screened by systematic pharmacological methods to act on target genes including HIF1A and RELA together with the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway. Further studies by molecular docking technology showed that AS-IV had good binding activity with HIF1A, RELA, TNF, IL6, IL1B and other core targets. Besides, cellular and animal experiments validation results showed that AS-IV could enhance the migration and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, and protect the immune organs such as spleen and thymus together with bone tissues from damage. By this means, immune cell function including spleen natural killer cell and lymphocyte transformation activity were also enhanced. In addition, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets and bone marrow cells were also significantly improved in the suppressed bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). In kinetic experiments, the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were increased, and IL-10, TGF-β1 were decreased. The key regulatory proteins such as HIF-1α, NF-κB, PHD3 in HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway were also regulated in the results of upregulated expression of HIF-1α, p-NF-κB p65 and PHD3 at the protein or mRNA level. Finally, the inhibition experiment results suggested that AS-IV could significantly improve protein response in immunity and inflammation such as HIF-1α, NF-κB and PHD3. CONCLUSION AS-IV could significantly relieve CTX-induced immunosuppressive and might improve the immune activity of macrophages by activating HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway, and provide a reliable basis for the clinical application of AS-IV as a potentially valuable regulator of BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Yao
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yining He
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Zonghui Xu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xianming Lin
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Karmacharya MB, Hada B, Park SR, Kim KH, Choi BH. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) shows therapeutic effect on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274126. [PMID: 36054162 PMCID: PMC9439244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting DMN intraperitoneally (at 10 mg/kg of body weight) daily for three consecutive days per week for 4 weeks. To investigate the effect of GM-CSF on disease onset, GM-CSF (50 μg/kg of body weight) was co-treated with DMN for 2 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks (4-week groups). To observe the effect of GM-CSF on the progression of liver fibrosis, GM-CSF was post-treated alone at 5–8 weeks after the 4 weeks of DMN injection (8-week groups). We found that DMN administration for 4 weeks produced molecular and pathological manifestations of liver fibrosis, that is, it increased the expressions of collagen type I, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. In addition, elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin level (TBIL), and decreased albumin level (ALB) were observed. In both the 4-week and 8-week groups, GM-CSF clearly improved the pathological liver conditions in the gross and histological observations, and significantly recovered DMN-induced increases in AST and TBIL and decreases in ALB serum levels to normal. GM-CSF also significantly decreased DMN-induced increases in collagen type I, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 and increased DMN-induced decreases in PPAR-γ expression. In the DMN groups, survival decreased continuously for 8 weeks after DMN treatment for the first 4 weeks. GM-CSF showed a survival benefit when co-treated for the first 4 weeks but a marginal effect when post-treated for 5–8 weeks. In conclusion, co-treatment of GM-CSF showed therapeutic effects on DMN-induced liver fibrosis and survival rates in rats, while post-treatment efficiently blocked liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binika Hada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - So Ra Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kil Hwan Kim
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (BHC); (KHK)
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (BHC); (KHK)
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Ahmed MM, Wang ACJ, Elos M, Chial HJ, Sillau S, Solano DA, Coughlan C, Aghili L, Anton P, Markham N, Adame V, Gardiner KJ, Boyd TD, Potter H. The innate immune system stimulating cytokine GM-CSF improves learning/memory and interneuron and astrocyte brain pathology in Dp16 Down syndrome mice and improves learning/memory in wild-type mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105694. [PMID: 35307513 PMCID: PMC9045510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, astrogliosis, imbalanced excitatory/inhibitory neuronal function, and cognitive deficits in both humans and mouse models. Suppression of inflammation has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to treating DS co-morbidities, including intellectual disability (DS/ID). Conversely, we discovered previously that treatment with the innate immune system stimulating cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which has both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, improved cognition and reduced brain pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), another inflammatory disorder, and improved cognition and reduced biomarkers of brain pathology in a phase II trial of humans with mild-to-moderate AD. To investigate the effects of GM-CSF treatment on DS/ID in the absence of AD, we assessed behavior and brain pathology in 12-14 month-old DS mice (Dp[16]1Yey) and their wild-type (WT) littermates, neither of which develop amyloid, and found that subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment (5 μg/day, five days/week, for five weeks) improved performance in the radial arm water maze in both Dp16 and WT mice compared to placebo. Dp16 mice also showed abnormal astrocyte morphology, increased percent area of GFAP staining in the hippocampus, clustering of astrocytes in the hippocampus, and reduced numbers of calretinin-positive interneurons in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum, and all of these brain pathologies were improved by GM-CSF treatment. These findings suggest that stimulating and/or modulating inflammation and the innate immune system with GM-CSF treatment may enhance cognition in both people with DS/ID and in the typical aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Athena Ching-Jung Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mihret Elos
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Heidi J Chial
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - D Adriana Solano
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leila Aghili
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Neil Markham
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vanesa Adame
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katheleen J Gardiner
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy D Boyd
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Xu Y, Zhang S, Liao X, Li M, Chen S, Li X, Wu X, Yang M, Tang M, Hu Y, Li Z, Yu R, Huang M, Song L, Li J. Circular RNA circIKBKB promotes breast cancer bone metastasis through sustaining NF-κB/bone remodeling factors signaling. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:98. [PMID: 34325714 PMCID: PMC8320207 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) has a marked tendency to spread to the bone, resulting in significant skeletal complications and mortality. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to contribute to cancer initiation and progression. However, the function and mechanism of circRNAs in BC bone metastasis (BC-BM) remain largely unknown. Methods Bone-metastatic circRNAs were screened using circRNAs deep sequencing and validated using in situ hybridization in BC tissues with or without bone metastasis. The role of circIKBKB in inducing bone pre-metastatic niche formation and bone metastasis was determined using osteoclastogenesis, immunofluorescence and bone resorption pit assays. The mechanism underlying circIKBKB-mediated activation of NF-κB/bone remodeling factors signaling and EIF4A3-induced circIKBKB were investigated using RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, chromatin isolation by RNA purification and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results We identified that a novel circRNA, circIKBKB, was upregulated significantly in bone-metastatic BC tissues. Overexpressing circIKBKB enhanced the capability of BC cells to induce formation of bone pre-metastatic niche dramatically by promoting osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, circIKBKB activated NF-κB pathway via promoting IKKβ-mediated IκBα phosphorylation, inhibiting IκBα feedback loop and facilitating NF-κB to the promoters of multiple bone remodeling factors. Moreover, EIF4A3, acted acting as a pre-mRNA splicing factor, promoted cyclization of circIKBKB by directly binding to the circIKBKB flanking region. Importantly, treatment with inhibitor eIF4A3-IN-2 reduced circIKBKB expression and inhibited breast cancer bone metastasis effectively. Conclusion We revealed a plausible mechanism for circIKBKB-mediated NF-κB hyperactivation in bone-metastatic BC, which might represent a potential strategy to treat breast cancer bone metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01394-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Xu
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyi Liao
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Man Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Suwen Chen
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingui Wu
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meisongzhu Yang
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miaoling Tang
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yameng Hu
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruyuan Yu
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mudan Huang
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Libing Song
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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7
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Ijabi R, Roozehdar P, Afrisham R, Moradi-Sardareh H, Kaviani S, Ijabi J, Sahebkar A. Association of GRP78, HIF-1α and BAG3 Expression with the Severity of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:429-436. [PMID: 31823704 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191211101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parallel with the progression of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), the levels of 78KDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) are increased as they may activate the induction of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL2 Associated Athanogene 3 (BAG3). Previous studies have indicated that there is a positive correlation among GRP78, HIF-1α and BAG3. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metabolic factors involved in invasive CLL on apoptotic factors. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 77 patients diagnosed with CLL along with 100 healthy individuals. Cell blood count was performed for all participants. According to Binet's classification, CLL patients were divided into different groups. B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of CLL patients by binding to anti-CD19 beads. The expression of BAG3, GRP78 and HIF-1α genes was analyzed using the RT-PCR method. To confirm the results of RT-PCR, western blot analysis was carried out. RESULTS The results showed that there was a strong association among the expression of BAG3, GRP78 and HIF-1α. The stage of CLL in patients was highly correlated with the expression rate of each gene (p<0.001). Accordingly, the western blot analysis indicated that the concentrations of GRP78 and HIF-1α were significantly higher than the expression of BAG3, considering the stage of CLL. CONCLUSION It was shown that increased expression of GRP78 and HIF-1α could result in the elevation of BAG3, as well as the disease progression. Therefore, the role of these metabolic factors might be more pronounced compared with the anti-apoptotic agents to monitor disease progression in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Ijabi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shast Kola Road, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parisa Roozehdar
- Department of Medical Veterinary, Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemen Moradi-Sardareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kaviani
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Janat Ijabi
- Faculty of Hematology, School of Allied Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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9
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Hemmati S, Sadeghi MA, Mohammad Jafari R, Yousefi-Manesh H, Dehpour AR. The antidepressant effects of GM-CSF are mediated by the reduction of TLR4/NF-ĸB-induced IDO expression. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:117. [PMID: 31153376 PMCID: PMC6545198 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) is responsible for the progression of the kynurenine pathway. This pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced depression in which conventional antidepressants are not effective. It has been reported that granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could interfere with the induction of IDO in septic patients. We hypothesized that GM-CSF could exert antidepressant effects through IDO downregulation in a model for acute inflammation-induced depression. METHODS To produce the model, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.83 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to mice. It has been well documented that LPS mediates IDO overexpression through TLR4/NF-ĸB signaling. In the treatment group, mice received GM-CSF (30 μg/kg, i.p.) thirty minutes prior to LPS injection. A validated selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (30 mg/kg i.p.), was also administered to an experimental group 30 min prior to LPS. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated based on the duration of immobility in the forced swim test. To confirm that GM-CSF interferes with IDO induction in LPS treated mice, real-time PCR was used to quantify IDO mRNA expression. Furthermore, in order to study whether GM-CSF inhibits the TLR4/NF-ĸB signaling pathway, we measured levels ofpNF-ĸB and TLR4 by western blotting. RESULTS GM-CSF demonstrated significant antidepressant activity in the presence of LPS on immobility (p < .001) and latency (p = .010) times in the forced swim test. In contrast, fluoxetine did not show any antidepressant activity on either immobility (p = .918) or latency (p = .566) times. Furthermore, GM-CSF inhibited the increase in IDO mRNA (p = .032) and protein (p = .016) expression as a result of LPS administration. A similar trend was observed for TLR4 (p = .042) and pNF-ĸB (p = .026) expression as both proteins showed reduced expression levels in the GM-CSF-pretreated group compared to the untreated (LPS) group. CONCLUSION Our results propose a promising antidepressant effect for GM-CSF possibly through the downregulation of IDO expression. This remedying effect of GM-CSF could be attributed to decreased amounts of TLR4 and active NF-ĸB in the treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hemmati
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Murugesan M, Premkumar K. Hypoxia stimulates microenvironment in human embryonic stem cell through inflammatory signalling: An integrative analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:437-444. [PMID: 29501494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite, several lines of evidence suggesting the possible role of hypoxia in stem cell development and differentiation its significance in conferring the stemness and pluripotency remains elusive. In the present study we sought to delineate the candidate genes and molecular pathways imposed during hypoxic microenvironment and its physiological relevance in tipping the balance between the niche and cellular differentiation. Integrated meta-analysis was performed between the hypoxia exposed and normal human embryonic stem cells, employing three transcriptomic cohorts (GSE35819, GSE9510 and GSE37761) retrieved from Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Results reveal that a total number of 12 genes were consistently differentially expressed (6up regulated and 6 down regulated) with FDR <0.05 and fold change >1.5. The Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using DAVID. The GO analysis showed DEG significantly enriched in terms of Cellular process (GO:0009987), protein binding (GO:0005515) and cell part (GO:0044464). KEGG analysis indicated participation of genes associated with circadian rthyum regulation and PPAR signalling pathway. Further, gene-set signature (MsigDB) enrichment analysis showed positive regulation with inflammatory signals and negative association with PPAR and p53 pathway. Protein-protein network of gene modules suggests significant hub proteins viz. CTTNB1 (Degree = 18), IL8 (Degree = 15), NFKB1 (Degree = 15) and RELA (Degree = 15) in the PPI network. MCODE algorithm was used for subnetworks of the PPI network. Our integrative analysis documents the potential candidate genes which serves distinct roles influencing metabolic shift and induce inflammatory effectors contributing to hypoxic mediated stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Murugesan
- Cancer Genetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumpati Premkumar
- Cancer Genetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Wei W, Li L, Wang X, Yan L, Cao W, Zhan Z, Zhang X, Yu H, Xie Y, Xiao Q. Overexpression of caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 inhibits the growth of the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:905-12. [PMID: 25738600 PMCID: PMC4438918 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is important in intestinal cell fate specification and multiple lines of evidence have substantiated that CDX2 is important in carcinogenesis of the digestive tract. The CDX2 regulatory network is intricate and remains to be fully elucidated in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of CDX2 on the growth of the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line in vivo, and to elucidate the mechanism involved. The effects of the overexpression of CDX2 in xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells was investigated in nude mice through the injection of CDX2 recombinant lentiviral vectors. The tumor size was measured using vernier callipers. The expression levels of CDX2, survivin, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cyclin D1, s-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) and c-Myc in the tumor cells were analyzed by western blotting and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The apoptotic rates were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. The overexpression of CDX2 was observed in the group subjected to the injection of CDX2 recombinant lentiviral vectors. CDX2 had an inhibitory effect on the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line and promoted tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Furthermore, the overexpression of CDX2 upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression levels of survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, Skp2 and c-Myc in the tumor tissues. These results indicated that CDX2 may serve as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer, and inhibits gastric cancer cell growth by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Linhai Yan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Cao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zexu Zhan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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