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Ding X, Ma X, Meng P, Yue J, Li L, Xu L. Potential Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anti-Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:681-693. [PMID: 38706635 PMCID: PMC11070163 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s447514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and aging-related diseases present a global public health problem. Therefore, the development of efficient anti-aging drugs has become an important area of research. Traditional Chinese medicine is an important complementary and alternative branch of aging-related diseases therapy. Recently, a growing number of studies have revealed that traditional Chinese medicine has a certain delaying effect on the progression of aging and aging-related diseases. Here, we review the progress in research into using traditional Chinese medicine for aging and aging-related diseases (including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer). Furthermore, we summarize the potential mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine and provide references for further studies on aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Ma
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Meng
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Yue
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liran Xu
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Xu K, Fei W, Gao W, Fan C, Li Y, Hong Y, Cui R. SOD3 regulates FLT1 to affect bone metabolism by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis through PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:65-79. [PMID: 38141889 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that seriously affects the quality of life and longevity of the elderly, so exploring the mechanism of osteoporosis is crucial for drug development and treatment. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are stem cells with multiple differentiation potentials in bone marrow, and changing their differentiation direction can change bone mass. As an extracellular superoxide dismutase, Superoxide Dismutase 3 (SOD3) has been proved to play an important role in multiple organs, but the detailed mechanism of action in bone metabolism is still unclear. In this study, the results of clinical serum samples ELISA and single cell sequencing chip analysis proved that the expression of SOD3 was positively correlated with bone mass, and SOD3 was mainly expressed in osteoblasts and adipocytes and rarely expressed in osteoblasts in BMSCs. In vitro experiments showed that SOD3 can promote osteogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis. Compared with WT mice, the mice that were knocked out of SOD3 had a significant decrease in bone mineral density and significant changes in related parameters. The results of HE and IHC staining suggested that knocking out SOD3 would lead to fat accumulation in the bone marrow cavity and weakened osteogenesis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that SOD3 affects bone metabolism by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis. The results of transcriptome sequencing and revalidation showed that SOD3 can affect the expression of FLT1. Through in vitro experiments, we proved that FLT1 can also promote osteogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis. In addition, through the repeated experiments, the interaction between the two molecules (SOD3 and FLT1) was verified again. Finally, it was verified by WB that SOD3 regulates FLT1 to affect bone metabolism through PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenchao Fei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenxue Gao
- Medical Services Section, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changxiu Fan
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinghua Li
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yu Q, Zhang R, Li T, Yang L, Zhou Z, Hou L, Wu W, Zhao R, Chen X, Yao Y, Huang S, Chen L. Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Activates PTEN and Inactivates Akt Leading to Autophagy Inhibition-Dependent Cell Death in Neuronal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3345-3364. [PMID: 36853430 PMCID: PMC10924433 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Defective autophagy relates to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a typical neurodegenerative disease. Our recent study has demonstrated that PD toxins (6-OHDA, MPP+, or rotenone) induce neuronal apoptosis by impeding the AMPK/Akt-mTOR signaling. Here, we show that treatment with 6-OHDA, MPP+, or rotenone triggered decreases of ATG5/LC3-II and autophagosome formation with a concomitant increase of p62 in PC12, SH-SY5Y cells, and primary neurons, suggesting inhibition of autophagy. Interestingly, overexpression of wild-type ATG5 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PD toxins on autophagy, reducing neuronal apoptosis. The effects of PD toxins on autophagy and apoptosis were found to be associated with activation of PTEN and inactivation of Akt. Overexpression of dominant negative PTEN, constitutively active Akt and/or pretreatment with rapamycin rescued the cells from PD toxins-induced downregulation of ATG5/LC3-II and upregulation of p62, as well as consequential autophagosome diminishment and apoptosis in the cells. The effects of PD toxins on autophagy and apoptosis linked to excessive intracellular and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, as evidenced by using a H2O2-scavenging enzyme catalase, a mitochondrial superoxide indicator MitoSOX and a mitochondria-selective superoxide scavenger Mito-TEMPO. Furthermore, we observed that treatment with PD toxins reduced the protein level of Parkin in the cells. Knockdown of Parkin alleviated the effects of PD toxins on H2O2 production, PTEN/Akt activity, autophagy, and apoptosis in the cells, whereas overexpression of wild-type Parkin exacerbated these effects of PD toxins, implying the involvement of Parkin in the PD toxins-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, the results indicate that PD toxins can elicit mitochondrial H2O2, which can activate PTEN and inactivate Akt leading to autophagy inhibition-dependent neuronal apoptosis, and Parkin plays a critical role in this process. Our findings suggest that co-manipulation of the PTEN/Akt/autophagy signaling by antioxidants may be exploited for the prevention of neuronal loss in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Xinyang University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Q, Min J, Zhu M, Shi Z, Chen P, Ren L, Wang X. Protective role of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway in chronic renal failure induced injury of rat hippocampal neurons. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:123-132. [PMID: 34102956 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1896503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with impairment of hippocampal neurons. This study investigated the effect of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway in CRF. METHODS Rat CRF model was established and rat hippocampal neurons were separated. Xanthine Oxidase method, fluorescence spectrophotometry and flow cytometry were applied to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, respectively. The levels of phosphorylated (p)-PERK, phosphorylated (p)-eIF2α, CHOP, Bax, C-Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in rats were measured using Western blot. Then, the neurotoxicity of serum from CRF rats was assessed in rat hippocampal neurons after treatment with rat CRF serum and transfection with or without PERK overexpression or knockdown plasmid. RESULTS SOD activity was reduced, while ROS level and apoptosis rate were increased in hippocampal tissues of CRF rats. PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 and apoptosis pathways were activated in CRF rats. Cells treated with serum from CRF rats showed increases in apoptosis rate and LDH and ROS levels, and decreases in cell viability and SOD activity. However, overexpressed PERK could reverse the cytotoxic effect of serum from CRF rats. PERK overexpression could enhance the activation of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway in hippocampal neurons induced by serum from CRF rats. Furthermore, PERK overexpression could alleviate the increases in CHOP, Bax, C-Caspase-3 expressions and the reduction of Bcl-2 expression in hippocampal neurons induced by serum from CRF rats. CONCLUSION PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway induced by increased endoplasmic reticulum stress may alleviate CRF-induced hippocampal neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Min
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyan Ren
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mangosteen Pericarp Extract Supplementation Boosts Antioxidant Status via Rebuilding Gut Microbiota to Attenuate Motor Deficit in 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122396. [PMID: 36552604 PMCID: PMC9774421 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis have been known to precede Parkinson's disease (PD). An antioxidant-rich product, mangosteen pericarp (MP), has the ability to counterbalance excessive free radicals and the imbalanced gut microbiota composition, suggesting the MP's capacity to delay PD progression. In this study, we explored the effects of two doses of MP extract in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model. We revealed that the 8-week supplementation of a low dose (LMP) and a high dose of the MP extract (HMP) improved motor function, as observed in decreased contralateral rotation, improved time spent on rod, and higher dopamine binding transporter (DAT) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The MP extract, especially the HMP, also increased antioxidant-related gene expressions, restored muscle mitochondrial function, and remodeled fecal microbiota composition, which were followed by reduced reactive oxygen species levels in brain and inflammation in plasma. Importantly, bacterial genera Sutterella, Rothia, and Aggregatibacter, which were negatively correlated with antioxidant gene expressions, decreased in the HMP group. It is imperative to note that in addition to directly acting as an antioxidant to reduce excessive free radicals, MP extract might also increase antioxidant state by rebuilding gut microbiota, thereby enhanced anti-inflammatory capacity and restored mitochondrial function to attenuate motor deficit in 6-OHDA-induced PD-like condition. All in all, MP extract is a potential candidate for auxiliary therapy for PD.
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Ribeiro JC, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Amado F, Alves MG, Ferreira R, Oliveira PF. Exploring the Role of Oxidative Stress in Sperm Motility: A Proteomic Network Approach. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:501-520. [PMID: 34847748 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Infertility is a major global health problem, with nearly half of the cases being associated with male factors. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for sperm cell normal physiological processes, an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidants can lead to oxidative stress that can impair sperm function. Indeed, high semen ROS levels are reported in 30%-80% of infertile men. Recent Advances: Male oxidative stress infertility is an uprising classification for idiopathic infertility. Proteomic approaches, including quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, are being utilized to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in male infertility. Critical Issues: In this review, proteome data were collected from articles available on PubMed centered on MS-based proteomic studies, performed in seminal plasma and sperm cell samples, and enrolling men with impaired semen parameters. The bioinformatic analysis of proteome data with Cytoscape (ClueGO+CluePedia) and STRING tools allowed the identification of the biological processes more prevalent in asthenozoospermia, with focus on the ones related to oxidative stress. Future Directions: The identification of the antioxidant proteins in seminal plasma and sperm cells that can protect sperm cells from oxidative stress is crucial not only for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with male infertility but specially to guide new therapeutic possibilities. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 501-520.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Ribeiro
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Iftikhar A, Nausheen R, Muzaffar H, Naeem MA, Farooq M, Khurshid M, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Allemailem KS, Anwar H. Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Honey in Neurological Disorders: The Role of Polyphenols. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103297. [PMID: 35630774 PMCID: PMC9143627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Honey is the principal premier product of beekeeping familiar to Homo for centuries. In every geological era and culture, evidence can be traced to the potential usefulness of honey in several ailments. With the advent of recent scientific approaches, honey has been proclaimed as a potent complementary and alternative medicine for the management and treatment of several maladies including various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, etc. In the literature archive, oxidative stress and the deprivation of antioxidants are believed to be the paramount cause of many of these neuropathies. Since different types of honey are abundant with certain antioxidants, primarily in the form of diverse polyphenols, honey is undoubtedly a strong pharmaceutic candidate against multiple neurological diseases. In this review, we have indexed and comprehended the involved mechanisms of various constituent polyphenols including different phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals that manifest multiple antioxidant effects in various neurological disorders. All these mechanistic interpretations of the nutritious components of honey explain and justify the potential recommendation of sweet nectar in ameliorating the burden of neurological disorders that have significantly increased across the world in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Iftikhar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Rimsha Nausheen
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Humaira Muzaffar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Naeem
- Department of Basic Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal 51600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan;
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (K.S.A.)
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Jia XB, Zhang Q, Xu L, Yao WJ, Wei L. Lotus leaf flavonoids induce apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Biol Res 2021; 54:7. [PMID: 33653412 PMCID: PMC7923640 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Leaves of the natural plant lotus are used in traditional Chinese medicine and tea production. They are rich in flavonoids. Methods In this study, lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) were applied to human lung cancer A549 cells and human small cell lung cancer cells H446 in vitro to verify the effect of LLF on apoptosis in these cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Results LLF had no toxic effect on normal cells at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL, but could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and H446 cells. Flow cytometry showed that LLF could induce growth in A549 cells. We also found that LLF could increase ROS and MDA levels, and decrease SOD activity in A549 cells. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that LLF could upregulate the expression of p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and Bax and downregulate the expression of Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and Bcl-2 in A549 cells. Results of HPLC showed that LLF mainly contain five active substances: kaempferitrin, hyperoside, astragalin, phloridzin, and quercetin. The apoptosis-inducing effect of LLF on A549 cells came from these naturally active compounds. Conclusions We have shown in this study that LLF is a bioactive substance that can induce apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro, and merits further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bo Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Jian Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Wu Y, Jiao Z, Wan Z, Qu S. Role of autophagy and oxidative stress to astrocytes in fenpropathrin-induced Parkinson-like damage. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105000. [PMID: 33617931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin is an insecticide that is widely used in agriculture. It remains unknown whether fenpropathrin exposure increases the risk of Parkinson's disease. We found that fenpropathrin increased oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, fenpropathrin increased production of ROS, NOS2, and HO-1, and decreased SOD and GSH in astrocytes. We further found that fenpropathrin-mediated oxidative stress might inhibit autophagic flow, including decreased expression of LC3A/B and enhanced expression of SQSTM1 via down-regulation of CDK-5, an upstream marker of autophagy. In mice, autophagy was slightly different from that found in astrocytes, as reflected in the increased expressions of LC3A/B and SQSTM1. Our findings elucidate the toxicological phenomena and pathogenic mechanisms of fenpropathrin and may provide guidance for improved pesticide control and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhigang Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhiting Wan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Ali M, Saleem U, Anwar F, Imran M, Nadeem H, Ahmad B, Ali T, Ismail T. Screening of Synthetic Isoxazolone Derivative Role in Alzheimer's Disease: Computational and Pharmacological Approach. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:905-920. [PMID: 33486698 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is age-dependent neurological disorder with progressive loss of cognition and memory. This multifactorial disease is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, beta amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, and increased oxidative stress. The increased cellular manifestations of these markers play a critical role in neurodegeneration and pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, reducing neurodegeneration by decreasing one or more of these markers may provide a potential therapeutic roadmap for the treatment of AD. AD causes a devastating loss of cognition with no conclusive and effective treatment. Many synthetic compound containing isoxazolone nucleus have been reported as neuroprotective agents. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-Alzheimer's potential of a newly synthesized 3,4,5-trimethoxy isoxazolone derivative (TMI) that attenuated the beta amyloid (Aβ1-42) and tau protein levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Molecular analysis revealed increased beta amyloid (Aβ1-42) protein levels, increased tau protein levels, increased cellular oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant enzymes in STZ exposed mice brains. Furthermore, ELISA and PCR were used to validate the expression of Aβ1-42. Pre-treatment with TMI significantly improved the memory and cognitive behavior along with ameliorated levels of Aβ1-42 proteins. TMI treated mice further showed marked increase in GSH, CAT, SOD levels while decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI's) and MDA intermediate. The multidimensional nature of isoxazolone derivatives and its versatile affinity towards various targets highpoint its multistep targeting nature. These results indicated the neuroprotective potential of TMI which may be considered for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease specifically in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meissam Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Han J, Wang Y, Lei S. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells and inflammatory pulp tissue. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 123:105034. [PMID: 33472098 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the proliferation, mineralization, inflammation and hypoxia responses of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and its effect on inflammatory pulp tissue in rats in vivo. DESIGN The optimum concentration of EGCG was selected by creating a dose response curve. Expression of odontogenic/osteogenic-related genes and inflammatory cytokines after stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was detected by real-time PCR. Under hypoxic conditions, cell proliferation and expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected.In vivo, the maxillary first molars of SD rats were pulpotomized and stimulated with 5 mg/mL LPS for 30 min. Normal saline and EGCG were used to flush the pulp chamber. After 2 months, samples were removed for micro-CT scanning and HE staining. RESULTS CCK-8 assay revealed that 10 μg/mL EGCG had no significant effect on the proliferation of hDPSCs. EGCG inhibited expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, EGCG rescued cell proliferation ability, increased SOD activity and reduced ROS expression under hypoxia.In vivo, reduced inflammatory cell accumulation was observed in the coronal pulp in the EGCG group, while in the control group, diffuse inflammatory cells were observed in the radicular pulp. CONCLUSION EGCG had no obvious effects on calcified nodule formation but significantly inhibited the inflammatory response of hDPSCs and inhibited apoptosis of hDPSCs caused by hypoxia injury. In vivo, EGCG exerts inhibitory effects on pulp tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianmin Han
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuoyi Lei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Jiang YN, Guo YZ, Lu DH, Pan MH, Liu HZ, Jiao GL, Bi W, Kurihara H, Li YF, Duan WJ, He RR, Yao XS. Tianma Gouteng granules decreases the susceptibility of Parkinson's disease by inhibiting ALOX15-mediated lipid peroxidation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112824. [PMID: 32259664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tianma Gouteng granules (TG), a clinical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically applied to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) in combination with Madopar, as included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015). TG has the potential to decrease the susceptibility of PD pharmacologically, however the mechanisms need detailed demonstration. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the pharmacological activities, as well as the possible mechanism of TG in diverse models of PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6-OHDA-treated rats, MPTP-treated mice, and α-synuclein A53T overexpressed mice, were utilized as PD animal models. Rotarod, locomotor activity, inclined plane and traction tests were used for behavioral assessment. Immunohistochemistry was used for tyrosine hydrolase determination. Western blot were conducted for detection of 4-HNE and 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15). The interactions of ALOX15 with the components in TG were predicted by molecular docking approach. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation was involved in dopaminergic neuron damage in 6-OHDA-induced rat models. In MPTP-treated mice, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation improved behavioral and pathological symptoms of PD. The lipid peroxidation-related protein, ALOX15 was found to be the key factor in PD process in diverse PD models including 6-OHDA-treated rats, MPTP-treated mice, and α-synuclein A53T overexpressed mice. TG treatment significantly relieved behavioral and pathological symptoms of MPTP-induced PD mouse models with a potential mechanism of alleviating ALOX15-induced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the results of molecular docking analysis show that compounds in TG might have interactions with ALOX15. CONCLUSIONS TG effectively improved the behavioral and dopaminergic neuron damage in diverse PD models. The mechanism of this action may be related to the direct inhibition of ALOX15 and the relief of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nan Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yong-Zhi Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Dan-Hua Lu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ming-Hai Pan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Hai-Zhi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Gen-Long Jiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wei Bi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Zhuang XX, Wang SF, Tan Y, Song JX, Zhu Z, Wang ZY, Wu MY, Cai CZ, Huang ZJ, Tan JQ, Su HX, Li M, Lu JH. Pharmacological enhancement of TFEB-mediated autophagy alleviated neuronal death in oxidative stress-induced Parkinson's disease models. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 32071296 PMCID: PMC7028954 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a conserved cellular degradation and recycling process, can be enhanced by nutrient depletion, oxidative stress or other harmful conditions to maintain cell survival. 6-Hydroxydopamine/ascorbic acid (6-OHDA/AA) is commonly used to induce experimental Parkinson’s disease (PD) lesions by causing oxidative damage to dopaminergic neurons. Activation of autophagy has been observed in the 6-OHDA-induced PD models. However, the mechanism and exact role of autophagy activation in 6-OHDA PD model remain inconclusive. In this study, we report that autophagy was triggered via mucolipin 1/calcium/calcineurin/TFEB (transcription factor EB) pathway upon oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA/AA. Interestingly, overexpression of TFEB alleviated 6-OHDA/AA toxicity. Moreover, autophagy enhancers, Torin1 (an mTOR-dependent TFEB/autophagy enhancer) and curcumin analog C1 (a TFEB-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy enhancer), significantly rescued 6-OHDA/AA-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, iPSC-derived DA neurons and mice nigral DA neurons. The behavioral abnormality of 6-OHDA/AA-treated mice can also be rescued by Torin 1 or C1 administration. The protective effects of Torin 1 and C1 can be blocked by autophagy inhibitors like chloroquine (CQ) or by knocking down autophagy-related genes TFEB and ATG5. Taken together, this study supports that TFEB-mediated autophagy is a survival mechanism during oxidative stress and pharmacological enhancement of this process is a neuroprotective strategy against oxidative stress-associated PD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xu Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Sheng-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Cui-Zan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan-Xing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Min Li
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
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Al Kahtani MA. Effect of both selenium and biosynthesized nanoselenium particles on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:159-172. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119880589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Because cadmium (Cd) is not naturally degradable by ecosystems, it interferes with many types of food chains. Cd accumulates in the kidney, liver and in the nervous tissues, especially the brain. The neurotoxicity of Cd is very high, as it alters the integrity, and increases the permeability, of the blood–brain barrier. Cd penetrates and accumulates in neurons in the brains of rats. This study reveals that Cd decreases antioxidant enzymes and increases oxidative stress in the brain. In addition, Cd increases lipid peroxidation of brain tissues. Cd increases the expression of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene. It also affects cholinergic, glutamatergic, gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABAergic), dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine neurotransmitters in brain tissue. Consequently, Cd increases the formation of amyloid β, a neurotoxic index, and induces apoptosis by changing the quality and the quantity of Bcl-2, Bax and p53 proteins. In conclusion, both selenium and nanoselenium show potential antioxidant activity and promote recovery from the neurotoxic action of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Al Kahtani
- Department of Biology, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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della Valle E, Marracino P, Pakhomova O, Liberti M, Apollonio F. Nanosecond pulsed electric signals can affect electrostatic environment of proteins below the threshold of conformational effects: The case study of SOD1 with a molecular simulation study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221685. [PMID: 31454403 PMCID: PMC6711501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fields can be a powerful tool to interact with enzymes or proteins, with an intriguing perspective to allow protein manipulation. Recently, researchers have focused the interest on intracellular enzyme modifications triggered by the application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. These findings were also supported by theoretical predictions from molecular dynamics simulations focussing on significant variations in protein secondary structures. In this work, a theoretical study utilizing molecular dynamics simulations is proposed to explore effects of electric fields of high intensity and very short nanosecond duration applied to the superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD or SOD-1), an important enzyme involved in the cellular antioxidant defence mechanism. The effects of 100-nanosecond pulsed electric fields, with intensities ranging from 108 to 7x108 V/m, on a single SOD1 enzyme are presented. We demonstrated that the lowest intensity of 108 V/m, although not inducing structural changes, can produce electrostatic modifications on the reaction centre of the enzyme, as apparent from the dipolar response and the electric field distribution of the protein active site. Electric pulses above 5x108 V/m produced a fast transition between the folded and a partially denatured state, as inferred by the secondary structures analysis. Finally, for the highest field intensity used (7x108 V/m), a not reversible transition toward an unfolded state was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena della Valle
- BioElectronic Vision Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Olga Pakhomova
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Pyrethroid exposure and neurotoxicity: a mechanistic approach. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:74-89. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides that are used widely in and around households to control the pest. Concerns about exposure to this group of pesticides are now mainly related to their neurotoxicity and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease. The main neurotoxic mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, neuronal cell loss, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The main neurodegeneration targets are ion channels. However, other receptors, enzymes, and several signalling pathways can also participate in disorders induced by pyrethroids. The aim of this review is to elucidate the main mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity caused by pyrethroids deltamethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin. We also review common targets and pathways of Parkinson’s disease therapy, including Nrf2, Nurr1, and PPARγ, and how they are affected by exposure to pyrethroids. We conclude with possibilities to be addressed by future research of novel methods of protection against neurological disorders caused by pesticides that may also find their use in the management/treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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18
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A30P mutant α-synuclein impairs autophagic flux by inactivating JNK signaling to enhance ZKSCAN3 activity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:133. [PMID: 30755581 PMCID: PMC6372582 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in α-synuclein gene have been linked to familial early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) with Lewy body pathology. A30P mutant α-synuclein is believed to suppress autophagic progression associated with PD pathogenesis. However, the mechanistic link between A30P mutation and autophagy inhibition in PD remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified that A30P mutant α-synuclein resulted in reduced autophagy flux through promoting the decrease of autophagosomal membrane-associated protein LC3 and the increase of SQSTM1/p62 protein levels in midbrain dopaminergic neuron, due to the transcriptional repressor ZKSCAN3 trafficking from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, the results demonstrated that A30P mutant α-synuclein not only decreased the phospho-c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (p-JNK) levels in midbrain dopaminergic neuron but also interfered autophagy without influencing the activities of AMPK and mTOR. Collectively, the present study reveals a novel autophagy inhibition mechanism induced by A30P mutant α-synuclein via transcriptional activation of the ZKSCAN3 in a JNK-dependent manner.
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He X, Yuan W, Li Z, Hou Y, Liu F, Feng J. 6-Hydroxydopamine induces autophagic flux dysfunction by impairing transcription factor EB activation and lysosomal function in dopaminergic neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:58-68. [PMID: 29170033 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy deregulation has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the role of autophagy in neuronal survival remains controversial. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the time-course of autophagy-related markers in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonian rat models and assessed its effect on the state of autophagic flux both in vivo and in vitro. We observed an early activation of autophagy followed by autophagic flux impairment, which was confirmed with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in vivo and Ad-GFP-mCherry-LC3-infected SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. In addition, 6-OHDA not only remarkably reduced the expression level of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1), but also impaired the hydrolase activities of lysosomal proteases. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key transcription factor controlling lysosome biogenesis, was also significantly downregulated by 6-OHDA and its nuclear translocation was inhibited as well, which could account for the impaired lysosomal function. Promoting lysosome biogenesis through TFEB overexpression could protect SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. The above findings demonstrated that autophagic flux dysfunction was closely associated with 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and highlighted the importance of functional lysosomes and homeostatic autophagic flux in developing therapeutic agents for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155# Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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Yu Z, Zhang S, Wang D, Fan M, Gao F, Sun W, Li Z, Li S. The significance of uric acid in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: An updated systemic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8502. [PMID: 29137045 PMCID: PMC5690738 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by chronic and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substansia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress is proposed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD. Uric acid (UA), as an important physiological antioxidant, is identified a molecular predictor associated with a decreased risk and a slower disease progression for PD and potential neuroprotectant of PD by increasing epidemiological and clinical evidences. Within this review, we will present a comprehensive overview of the data linking UA to PD in recent years. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases for relevant studies. Any observational or experimental studies that evaluated UA and PD were our goal of searching the electric databases. RESULTS Twelve studies that evaluated UA and PD were identified in this review. We reviewed the roles of UA in the pathogenesis of PD, the association of UA with morbidity, severity/progression, nonmotor symptoms, motor complications of PD, with an attempt to provide new ideas for diagnosis and treatment in PD. CONCLUSION Our findings supported that lots of clinical and epidemiological data observed lower UA levels in PD patients. Manipulation of UA or its precursors' concentration could be effective to treat or prevent PD. However, it is still suspectable that higher UA levels are better enough to PD patients. Furthermore, for the complex nature of PD and its heterogeneous genetic and environmental influences, it is inadequate for just manipulating UA in treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhange Yu
- Department of Acupuncture, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tumd Right Banner Hospital, Baotou City
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zirong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Acupuncture, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
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Hernandez-Baltazar D, Zavala-Flores L, Villanueva-Olivo A. The 6-hydroxydopamine model and parkinsonian pathophysiology: Novel findings in an older model. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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22
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Tao S, Yuan Q, Mao L, Chen FL, Ji F, Cui ZH. Vitamin D deficiency causes insulin resistance by provoking oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67605-67613. [PMID: 28978056 PMCID: PMC5620196 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency could cause insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The 1α-Hydroxylase [“1α(OH)ase”] is a key enzyme for activate vitamin D3 synthesis. Here, we show that 1α(OH)ase stable knockdown by targeted shRNA led to vitamin D3 depletion in L02 hepatocytes. 1α(OH)ase silence also inhibited insulin-induced downstream signaling (IRS-1, ERK and AKT) transduction and glucose transporter 4 expression. Further, 1α(OH)ase shRNA in L02 hepatocytes led to significant reactive oxygen species production, p53-p21 activation and DNA damages. Such effects were almost completely reversed with co-treatment of n-acetylcysteine, which is an established anti-oxidant. Remarkably, insulin-induced downstream signaling transduction and glucose transporter 4 expression were recovered with n-acetylcysteine co-treatment in 1α(OH)ase-silenced L02 hepatocytes. Together, our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency-induced insulin resistance is possibly caused by oxidative stress in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng-Li Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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23
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Zou J, Chen Z, Wei X, Chen Z, Fu Y, Yang X, Chen D, Wang R, Jenner P, Lu JH, Li M, Zhang Z, Tang B, Jin K, Wang Q. Cystatin C as a potential therapeutic mediator against Parkinson's disease via VEGF-induced angiogenesis and enhanced neuronal autophagy in neurovascular units. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2854. [PMID: 28569795 PMCID: PMC5520899 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystatin C (CYS C, Cst3) is an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor that plays neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to explore the association of CYS C with Parkinson’s disease (PD) models and investigate its involvement in the role of neurovascular units (NVUs) in PD neuro-pathogenesis. We used A53T α-synuclein (SNCA) transgenic mice and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned DAergic PC12 cells as experimental PD models to investigate the mechanisms behind this association. The injections of CYS C were administered to the right substantia nigra (SN) of A53T SNCA transgenic mice to measure the effects of CYS C in transgenic A53T SNCA mice. To explore the angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, we used the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and tube formation (TF) assay. We found that CYS C has a neuroprotective effect in this in vivo PD model. We observed increased VEGF, NURR1 and autophagy markers LC3B and decreased SNCA and apoptosis marker cleaved CASP3 in different brain regions of CYS C-treated A53T SNCA transgenic mice. In vitro, we observed that CYS C-induced VEGF, a secreted protein, attenuated 6-OHDA-lesioned DAergic PC12 cell degeneration by regulating p-PKC-α/p-ERK1/2-Nurr1 signaling and inducing autophagy. VEGF-mediated angiogenesis was markedly enhanced in the conditioned media of 6-OHDA-lesioned PC12 cells with CYS C-overexpression, whereas blockage of autophagy in CYS C-overexpressing PC12 cells significantly downregulated VEGF expression and the associated angiogenesis. Our data indicate that CYS C displays dual neuronal–vascular functions, promoting PC12 cell survival and angiogenesis via regulating the level of secreted VEGF in NVUs. Our study provides evidence that may aid in the development of an alternative approach for the treatment of PD through modulation of CYS C-mediated neuronal-vascular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yongmei Fu
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya School of Medicine and The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya School of Medicine and The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Bao J, Yu Z, Cai M, Li X, Wu T, Xiang J, Cai D. Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction reduces apoptosis induced by both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum caspase12 pathways in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:69-79. [PMID: 28163115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction (JJDHYZ) has been used to treat the symptoms of neurological disorders with a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of JJDHYZ on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced subacute mouse model of Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, MPTP, JJDHYZ low dosage (JJDHYZ-L, 8.5g/kg/day), medium dosage (JJDHYZ-M, 17g/kg/day) and high dosage (JJDHYZ-H, 34g/kg/day). Behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of JJDHYZ. The mechanism was further explored using TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining and transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, full-length caspase9, cleaved caspase9, cleaved caspase3, caspase12 and C/EBP homologous protein was assessed. The toxicity on hepatocytes and renal cells was detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS JJDHYZ-H restored the behavior performance impaired by MPTP, and reduced the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase. Additionally, it blocked the apoptosis, activated cleaved caspase3 and protected the ultrastructural integrity of mitochondria by regulating the expression of proteins in both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) caspase12 pathways. CONCLUSIONS JJDHYZ-H showed behavior recovery and dopamine neuron protection by inhibiting the apoptotic activities associated with mitochondrial and ER caspase12 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhennian Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghai Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangting Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Dingfang Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Herrera A, Muñoz P, Steinbusch HWM, Segura-Aguilar J. Are Dopamine Oxidation Metabolites Involved in the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Nigrostriatal System in Parkinson's Disease? ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:702-711. [PMID: 28233992 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1967, L-dopa was introduced as part of the pharmacological therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) and, in spite of extensive research, no additional effective drugs have been discovered to treat PD. This brings forward the question: why have no new drugs been developed? We consider that one of the problems preventing the discovery of new drugs is that we still have no information on the pathophysiology of the neurodegeneration of the neuromelanin-containing nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Currently, it is widely accepted that the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, i.e., in the substantia nigra pars compacta, involves mitochondrial dysfunction, the formation of neurotoxic oligomers of alpha-synuclein, the dysfunction of protein degradation systems, neuroinflammation, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the initial trigger of these mechanisms in the nigrostriatal system is still unknown. It has been reported that aminochrome induces the majority of these mechanisms involved in the neurodegeneration process. Aminochrome is formed within the cytoplasm of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons during the oxidation of dopamine to neuromelanin. The oxidation of dopamine to neuromelanin is a normal and harmless process, because healthy individuals have intact neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons. Interestingly, aminochrome-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by two enzymes: DT-diaphorase and glutathione transferase M2-2, which explains why melanin-containing dopaminergic neurons are intact in healthy human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrera
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of
Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Harry W. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of
Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Astragalus Polysaccharide Suppresses 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4856761. [PMID: 27885333 PMCID: PMC5112302 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4856761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China for a variety of conditions, including inflammatory and neural diseases. Astragalus polysaccharides are shown to reduce the adverse effect of levodopa which is used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neuroprotective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides per se in PD is lacking. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, we investigated the protective effect of astragalan, an acidic polysaccharide isolated from A. membranaceus, against the neurotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin that can induce parkinsonism. We show that 6-OHDA is able to degenerate dopaminergic neurons and lead to the deficiency of food-sensing behavior and a shorter lifespan in C. elegans. Interestingly, these degenerative symptoms can be attenuated by astragalan treatment. Astragalan is also shown to alleviate oxidative stress through reducing reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde content and increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduce the expression of proapoptotic gene egl-1 in 6-OHDA-intoxicated nematodes. Further studies reveal that astragalan is capable of elevating the decreased acetylcholinesterase activity induced by 6-OHDA. Together, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of astragalan against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity is likely due to the alleviation of oxidative stress and regulation of apoptosis pathway and cholinergic system and thus provide an important insight into the therapeutic potential of Astragalus polysaccharide in neurodegeneration.
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27
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El-Horany HE, El-Latif RNA, ElBatsh MM, Emam MN. Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin on Neurochemical and Behavioral Deficits in Rotenone Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: Modulating Autophagy (Quercetin on Experimental Parkinson's Disease). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:360-9. [PMID: 27252111 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is necessary for neuronal homeostasis and its dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) as it can exacerbate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis. Quercetin is a flavonoid known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. The present study investigated the protective, autophagy-modulating effects of quercetin in the rotenone rat model of PD. Rotenone was intraperitoneally injected at dose of 2 ml/kg/day for 4 weeks. Simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of quercetin was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day also for 4 weeks. Neurobehavioral changes were studied. Oxidative/antioxidant status, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Beclin-1, and dopamine levels were assessed. DNA fragmentation and histopathological changes were evaluated. This research work revealed that quercetin significantly attenuated rotenone-induced behavioral impairment, augmented autophagy, ameliorated ER stress- induced apoptosis with attenuated oxidative stress. From the current study, quercetin can act as an autophagy enhancer in PD rat model and modulates the microenvironment that leads to neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemat E El-Horany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Maha M ElBatsh
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Marwa N Emam
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
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28
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Choi B, Kim S, Jang BG, Kim MJ. Piceatannol, a natural analogue of resveratrol, effectively reduces beta-amyloid levels via activation of alpha-secretase and matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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29
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Jia J, Le W. Molecular network of neuronal autophagy in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:427-34. [PMID: 26254058 PMCID: PMC5563719 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-1548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complicated multifactorial induced disease, characterized by depressed mood, anhedonia, fatigue, and altered cognitive function. Recently, many studies have shown that antidepressants regulate autophagy. In fact, autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is essential for the central nervous system. Dysregulation of autophagic pathways, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the beclin pathway, has been studied in neurodegenerative diseases. However, autophagy in MDD has not been fully studied. Here, we discuss whether the dysregulation of autophagy contributes to the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD and summarize the current evidence that shows the involvement of autophagy in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Jia
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- New Jersey Medical Institute, Trenton, NJ USA
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, 116011 China
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