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Di Pietro AA, Pasquini LA. A novel in vitro model for investigating oligodendroglial maturation and myelin deposition under demyelinating and remyelinating conditions: Impact of microglial depletion and repopulation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103937. [PMID: 38796120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of multiple sclerosis (MS) have significantly contributed to our understanding of pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic interventions. Various in vivo animal models have successfully replicated key features of MS and associated pathophysiological processes, shedding light on the sequence of events leading to disease initiation, progression, and resolution. Nevertheless, these models often entail substantial costs and prolonged treatment periods. In contrast, in vitro models offer distinct advantages, including cost-effectiveness and precise control over experimental conditions, thereby facilitating more reproducible results. We have developed a novel in vitro model tailored to the study of oligodendroglial maturation and myelin deposition under demyelinating and remyelinating conditions, which encompasses all the cell types present in the central nervous system (CNS). Of note, our model enables the evaluation of microglial cell commitment through a protocol involving their depletion and subsequent repopulation. Given that the development and survival of microglia are critically reliant on colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling, we have employed CSF-1R inhibition to effectively deplete microglia. This versatile model holds promise for the assessment of potential therapies aimed at promoting oligodendroglial differentiation to safeguard and repair myelin, hence mitigate neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Ayelen Di Pietro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Airess, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aire, Argentina.
| | - Laura Andrea Pasquini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Airess, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aire, Argentina.
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2
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Dougan CE, Roberts BL, Crosby AJ, Karatsoreos I, Peyton SR. Acute and Chronic Neural and Glial Response to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587620. [PMID: 38617329 PMCID: PMC11014627 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for developing neurodegenerative disease. However, how TBI leads from acute injury to chronic neurodegeneration is limited to post-mortem models. There is a lack of connections between in vitro and in vivo TBI models that can relate injury forces to both macroscale tissue damage and brain function at the cellular level. Needle-induced cavitation (NIC) is a technique that can produce small cavitation bubbles in soft tissues, which allows us to relate small strains and strain rates in living tissue to ensuing acute and chronic cell death, tissue damage, and tissue remodeling. Here, we applied NIC to mouse brain slices to create a new model of TBI with high spatial and temporal resolution. We specifically targeted the hippocampus, which is a brain region critical for learning and memory and an area in which injury causes cognitive pathologies in humans and rodent models. By combining NIC with patch-clamp electrophysiology, we demonstrate that NIC in the Cornu Ammonis (CA)3 region of the hippocampus dynamically alters synaptic release onto CA1 pyramidal neurons in a cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R)-dependent manner. Further, we show that NIC induces an increase in extracellular matrix proteins associated with neural repair that is mitigated by CB1R antagonism. Together, these data lay the groundwork for advanced approaches in understanding how TBI impacts neural function at the cellular level, and the development of treatments that promote neural repair in response to brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey E. Dougan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Engineering, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063
| | - Brandon L. Roberts
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 83072, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 83072, USA
| | - Alfred J. Crosby
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ilia Karatsoreos
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Pischiutta F, Cavaleiro H, Caruso E, Tribuzio F, Di Marzo N, Moro F, Kobeissy F, Wang KK, Salgado AJ, Zanier ER. A novel organotypic cortical slice culture model for traumatic brain injury: molecular changes induced by injury and mesenchymal stromal cell secretome treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1217987. [PMID: 37534042 PMCID: PMC10390737 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1217987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide neurological disorder with no neuroprotective treatment available. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of brain contusion serving as a screening platform for drug testing are lacking. Here we developed a new in vitro model of brain contusion on organotypic cortical brain slices and tested its responsiveness to mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) derived secretome. A focal TBI was induced on organotypic slices by an electromagnetic impactor. Compared to control condition, a temporal increase in cell death was observed after TBI by propidium iodide incorporation and lactate dehydrogenase release assays up to 48 h post-injury. TBI induced gross neuronal loss in the lesion core, with disruption of neuronal arborizations measured by microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) immunostaining and associated with MAP-2 gene down-regulation. Neuronal damage was confirmed by increased levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), microtubule associated protein (Tau) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) released into the culture medium 48 h after TBI. We detected glial activation with microglia cells acquiring an amoeboid shape with less ramified morphology in the contusion core. MSC-secretome treatment, delivered 1 h post-injury, reduced cell death in the contusion core, decreased NfL release in the culture media, promoted neuronal reorganization and improved microglia survival/activation. Our 3D in vitro model of brain contusion recapitulates key features of TBI pathology. We showed protective effects of MSC-secretome, suggesting the model stands as a tractable medium/high throughput, ethically viable, and pathomimetic biological asset for testing new cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Cavaleiro
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Tribuzio
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Di Marzo
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Moro
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisa R. Zanier
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Bryniarska-Kubiak N, Kubiak A, Trojan E, Wesołowska J, Lekka M, Basta-Kaim A. Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Organotypic Hippocampal Cultures Leads to Cytoskeleton Rearrangement and Immune Activation: Link to the Potential Pathomechanism of Ischaemic Stroke. Cells 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37296586 PMCID: PMC10252361 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is characterized by a sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. As a result of this process, neurons in the ischaemic core are deprived of oxygen and trophic substances and are consequently destroyed. Tissue damage in brain ischaemia results from a complex pathophysiological cascade comprising various distinct pathological events. Ischaemia leads to brain damage by stimulating many processes, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, acidotoxicity, and apoptosis. Nevertheless, less attention has been given to biophysical factors, including the organization of the cytoskeleton and the mechanical properties of cells. Therefore, in the present study, we sought to evaluate whether the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) procedure, which is a commonly accepted experimental model of ischaemia, could affect cytoskeleton organization and the paracrine immune response. The abovementioned aspects were examined ex vivo in organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs) subjected to the OGD procedure. We measured cell death/viability, nitric oxide (NO) release, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels. Next, the impact of the OGD procedure on cytoskeletal organization was evaluated using combined confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Concurrently, to find whether there is a correlation between biophysical properties and the immune response, we examined the impact of OGD on the levels of crucial ischaemia cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL5, CXCL10) in OHCs and calculated Pearsons' and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The results of the current study demonstrated that the OGD procedure intensified cell death and nitric oxide release and led to the potentiation of HIF-1α release in OHCs. Moreover, we presented significant disturbances in the organization of the cytoskeleton (actin fibers, microtubular network) and cytoskeleton-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), which is a neuronal marker. Simultaneously, our study provided new evidence that the OGD procedure leads to the stiffening of OHCs and a malfunction in immune homeostasis. A negative linear correlation between tissue stiffness and branched IBA1 positive cells after the OGD procedure suggests the pro-inflammatory polarization of microglia. Moreover, the negative correlation of pro- and positive anti-inflammatory factors with actin fibers density indicates an opposing effect of the immune mediators on the rearrangement of cytoskeleton induced by OGD procedure in OHCs. Our study constitutes a basis for further research and provides a rationale for integrating biomechanical and biochemical methods in studying the pathomechanism of stroke-related brain damage. Furthermore, presented data pointed out the interesting direction of proof-of-concept studies, in which follow-up may establish new targets for brain ischemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bryniarska-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kubiak
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 152 Radzikowskiego St., 31-342 Kraków, Poland
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Julita Wesołowska
- Laboratory for In Vivo and In Vitro Imaging, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 152 Radzikowskiego St., 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Puig-Bosch X, Ballmann M, Bieletzki S, Antkowiak B, Rudolph U, Zeilhofer HU, Rammes G. Neurosteroids Mediate Neuroprotection in an In Vitro Model of Hypoxic/Hypoglycaemic Excitotoxicity via δ-GABA A Receptors without Affecting Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109056. [PMID: 37240402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids and benzodiazepines are modulators of the GABAA receptors, thereby causing anxiolysis. Furthermore, benzodiazepines such as midazolam are known to cause adverse side-effects on cognition upon administration. We previously found that midazolam at nanomolar concentrations (10 nM) blocked long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we aim to study the effect of neurosteroids and their synthesis using XBD173, which is a synthetic compound that promotes neurosteroidogenesis by binding to the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), since they might provide anxiolytic activity with a favourable side-effect profile. By means of electrophysiological measurements and the use of mice with targeted genetic mutations, we revealed that XBD173, a selective ligand of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), induced neurosteroidogenesis. In addition, the exogenous application of potentially synthesised neurosteroids (THDOC and allopregnanolone) did not depress hippocampal CA1-LTP, the cellular correlate of learning and memory. This phenomenon was observed at the same concentrations that neurosteroids conferred neuroprotection in a model of ischaemia-induced hippocampal excitotoxicity. In conclusion, our results indicate that TSPO ligands are promising candidates for post-ischaemic recovery exerting neuroprotection, in contrast to midazolam, without detrimental effects on synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xènia Puig-Bosch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical School, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- BCN-AIM Lab, Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Ballmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical School, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Bieletzki
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anaesthesiology Section, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Antkowiak
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anaesthesiology Section, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical School, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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A novel ex vivo assay to define charge-balanced electrical stimulation parameters for neural precursor cell activation in vivo. Brain Res 2023; 1804:148263. [PMID: 36702184 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neural stem cells and their progeny (together termed neural precursor cells (NPCs)) are promising candidates to facilitate neuroregeneration. Charge-balanced biphasic monopolar stimulation (BPMP) is a clinically relevant approach that can activate NPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we established a novel ex vivo stimulation system to optimize the efficacy of BPMP electric field (EF) application in activating endogenous NPCs. Using the ex vivo system, we discerned that cathodal amplitude of 200 μA resulted in the greatest NPC pool expansion and enhanced cathodal migration. Application of the same stimulation parameters in vivo resulted in the same NPC activation in the mouse brain. The design and implementation of the novel ex vivo model bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems, enabling a moderate throughput stimulation system to explore and optimize EF parameters that can be applied to clinically relevant brain injury/disease models.
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Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010094. [PMID: 36672601 PMCID: PMC9855387 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) injury, which occurs because of mechanical trauma or ischemia/hypoxia, is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. Until know, despite the fact that numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been undertaken, no significant neuroprotective strategies have been discovered that could be used in the brain trauma or ischemia treatment. Although there are many potential explanations for the failure of those studies, it is clear that there are questions regarding the use of experimental models, both in vivo and in vitro, when studying CNS injury and searching new therapeutics. Due to some ethical issues with the use of live animals in biomedical research, implementation of experimental strategies that prioritize the use of cells and tissues in the in vitro environment has been encouraged. In this review, we examined some of the most commonly used in vitro models and the most frequently utilized cellular platforms in the research of traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia. We also proposed some future strategies that could improve the usefulness of these studies for better bench-to-bedside translational outcomes.
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Hanna ME, Pfister BJ. Advancements in in vitro models of traumatic brain injury. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Singh AA, Kharwar A, Dandekar MP. A Review on Preclinical Models of Ischemic Stroke: Insights Into the Pathomechanisms and New Treatment Strategies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1667-1686. [PMID: 34493185 PMCID: PMC9881062 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210907092928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a serious neurovascular problem and the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The disrupted demand to supply ratio of blood and glucose during cerebral ischemia develops hypoxic shock, and subsequently necrotic neuronal death in the affected regions. Multiple causal factors like age, sex, race, genetics, diet, and lifestyle play an important role in the occurrence as well as progression of post-stroke deleterious events. These biological and environmental factors may be contributed to vasculature variable architecture and abnormal neuronal activity. Since recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only clinically effective clot bursting drug, there is a huge unmet medical need for newer therapies for the treatment of stroke. Innumerous therapeutic interventions have shown promise in the experimental models of stroke but failed to translate it into clinical counterparts. METHODS Original publications regarding pathophysiology, preclinical experimental models, new targets and therapies targeting ischemic stroke have been reviewed since the 1970s. RESULTS We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models, and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the management of post-stroke consequences. CONCLUSION There are still many inter-linked pathophysiological alterations with regards to stroke, animal models need not necessarily mimic the same conditions of stroke pathology and newer targets and therapies are the need of the hour in stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya A. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India
| | - Akash Kharwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India
| | - Manoj P. Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India; Tel: +91-40-23074750; E-mail:
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DeLong JH, Ohashi SN, O'Connor KC, Sansing LH. Inflammatory Responses After Ischemic Stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:625-648. [PMID: 35767089 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke generates an immune response that contributes to neuronal loss as well as tissue repair. This is a complex process involving a range of cell types and effector molecules and impacts tissues outside of the CNS. Recent reviews address specific aspects of this response, but several years have passed and important advances have been made since a high-level review has summarized the overall state of the field. The present review examines the initiation of the inflammatory response after ischemic stroke, the complex impacts of leukocytes on patient outcome, and the potential of basic science discoveries to impact the development of therapeutics. The information summarized here is derived from broad PubMed searches and aims to reflect recent research advances in an unbiased manner. We highlight valuable recent discoveries and identify gaps in knowledge that have the potential to advance our understanding of this disease and therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Howard DeLong
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Naomi Ohashi
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin Charles O'Connor
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Hachmann Sansing
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Van Breedam E, Ponsaerts P. Promising Strategies for the Development of Advanced In Vitro Models with High Predictive Power in Ischaemic Stroke Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137140. [PMID: 35806146 PMCID: PMC9266337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stroke is one of the world’s leading causes of death and disability, and more than a thousand candidate neuroprotective drugs have been proposed based on extensive in vitro and animal-based research, an effective neuroprotective/restorative therapy for ischaemic stroke patients is still missing. In particular, the high attrition rate of neuroprotective compounds in clinical studies should make us question the ability of in vitro models currently used for ischaemic stroke research to recapitulate human ischaemic responses with sufficient fidelity. The ischaemic stroke field would greatly benefit from the implementation of more complex in vitro models with improved physiological relevance, next to traditional in vitro and in vivo models in preclinical studies, to more accurately predict clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss current in vitro models used in ischaemic stroke research and describe the main factors determining the predictive value of in vitro models for modelling human ischaemic stroke. In light of this, human-based 3D models consisting of multiple cell types, either with or without the use of microfluidics technology, may better recapitulate human ischaemic responses and possess the potential to bridge the translational gap between animal-based in vitro and in vivo models, and human patients in clinical trials.
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12
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Farrell C, Mumford P, Wiseman FK. Rodent Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: In vivo and ex vivo Approaches. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:909669. [PMID: 35747206 PMCID: PMC9209729 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.909669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are an estimated 6 million people with Down syndrome (DS) worldwide. In developed countries, the vast majority of these individuals will develop Alzheimer's disease neuropathology characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles within the brain, which leads to the early onset of dementia (AD-DS) and reduced life-expectancy. The mean age of onset of clinical dementia is ~55 years and by the age of 80, approaching 100% of individuals with DS will have a dementia diagnosis. DS is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) thus an additional copy of a gene(s) on the chromosome must cause the development of AD neuropathology and dementia. Indeed, triplication of the gene APP which encodes the amyloid precursor protein is sufficient and necessary for early onset AD (EOAD), both in people who have and do not have DS. However, triplication of other genes on Hsa21 leads to profound differences in neurodevelopment resulting in intellectual disability, elevated incidence of epilepsy and perturbations to the immune system. This different biology may impact on how AD neuropathology and dementia develops in people who have DS. Indeed, genes on Hsa21 other than APP when in three-copies can modulate AD-pathogenesis in mouse preclinical models. Understanding this biology better is critical to inform drug selection for AD prevention and therapy trials for people who have DS. Here we will review rodent preclinical models of AD-DS and how these can be used for both in vivo and ex vivo (cultured cells and organotypic slice cultures) studies to understand the mechanisms that contribute to the early development of AD in people who have DS and test the utility of treatments to prevent or delay the development of disease.
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Landucci E, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Facchinetti F. Experimental Models for Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:937. [PMID: 35625674 PMCID: PMC9138693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Representing an important cause of long-term disability, term neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) urgently needs further research aimed at repurposing existing drug as well as developing new therapeutics. Since various experimental in vitro and in vivo models of HIE have been developed with distinct characteristics, it becomes important to select the appropriate preclinical screening cascade for testing the efficacy of novel pharmacological treatments. As therapeutic hypothermia is already a routine therapy for neonatal encephalopathy, it is essential that hypothermia be administered to the experimental model selected to allow translational testing of novel or repurposed drugs on top of the standard of care. Moreover, a translational approach requires that therapeutic interventions must be initiated after the induction of the insult, and the time window for intervention should be evaluated to translate to real world clinical practice. Hippocampal organotypic slice cultures, in particular, are an invaluable intermediate between simpler cell lines and in vivo models, as they largely maintain structural complexity of the original tissue and can be subjected to transient oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and subsequent reoxygenation to simulate ischemic neuronal injury and reperfusion. Progressing to in vivo models, generally, rodent (mouse and rat) models could offer more flexibility and be more cost-effective for testing the efficacy of pharmacological agents with a dose-response approach. Large animal models, including piglets, sheep, and non-human primates, may be utilized as a third step for more focused and accurate translational studies, including also pharmacokinetic and safety pharmacology assessments. Thus, a preclinical proof of concept of efficacy of an emerging pharmacological treatment should be obtained firstly in vitro, including organotypic models, and, subsequently, in at least two different animal models, also in combination with hypothermia, before initiating clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | | | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy;
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14
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Campion S, Inselman A, Hayes B, Casiraghi C, Joseph D, Facchinetti F, Salomone F, Schmitt G, Hui J, Davis-Bruno K, Van Malderen K, Morford L, De Schaepdrijver L, Wiesner L, Kourula S, Seo S, Laffan S, Urmaliya V, Chen C. The benefits, limitations and opportunities of preclinical models for neonatal drug development. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275112. [PMID: 35466995 PMCID: PMC9066504 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased research to improve preclinical models to inform the development of therapeutics for neonatal diseases is an area of great need. This article reviews five common neonatal diseases – bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, perinatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy and neonatal sepsis – and the available in vivo, in vitro and in silico preclinical models for studying these diseases. Better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of specialized neonatal disease models will help to improve their utility, may add to the understanding of the mode of action and efficacy of a therapeutic, and/or may improve the understanding of the disease pathology to aid in identification of new therapeutic targets. Although the diseases covered in this article are diverse and require specific approaches, several high-level, overarching key lessons can be learned by evaluating the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the available models. This Review is intended to help guide current and future researchers toward successful development of therapeutics in these areas of high unmet medical need. Summary: This article reviews and analyzes the available preclinical models for five common neonatal diseases to direct therapeutic development in these areas of high unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campion
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Amy Inselman
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Systems Biology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Belinda Hayes
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Costanza Casiraghi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - David Joseph
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Georg Schmitt
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hui
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Nonclinical Research and Development, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Karen Davis-Bruno
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Karen Van Malderen
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP), Department DG PRE authorization, 1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - LaRonda Morford
- Eli Lilly, Global Regulatory Affairs, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Lutz Wiesner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Clinical Trials, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kourula
- Janssen R&D, Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Suna Seo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Susan Laffan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Non-Clinical Safety, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA
| | | | - Connie Chen
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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15
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Ryner R, Dulla C. Ictogenesis? That’s Random….. Epilepsy Curr 2022; 22:198-200. [DOI: 10.1177/15357597211072686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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A systematic exploration of local network state space in neocortical mouse brain slices. Brain Res 2022; 1779:147784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Raj A, Kaushal A, Datta I. Impact of monomeric and aggregated wild-type and A30P/A53T double-mutant α-synuclein on antioxidant mechanism and glutamate metabolic profile of cultured astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:681-706. [PMID: 34904280 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serving as a source of glutathione and up-taking and metabolizing glutamate are the primary supportive role of astrocytes for the adjacent neurons. Despite the clear physical association between astrocytes and α-synuclein, the effect of extracellular α-synuclein on these astrocytic functions has not yet been elucidated. Hence, we aim to assess the effect of various forms of α-synuclein on antioxidant mechanism and glutamate metabolism. Wild-type and A53T/A30P double-mutant α-synuclein, both in monomeric and aggregated forms, were added extracellularly to media of midbrain rat astrocyte culture, with their survival, oxidative, and nitrative stress, glutathione and glutamate content, expression of enzymes associated with oxidative stress and glutamate metabolism, glutamate and glutathione transporters being assessed along with the association/engulfment of these peptides by astrocytes. A30P/A53T peptide associated more with astrocytes, and low-extracellular K+ concentration showed prominent reduction in the engulfment of the monomeric forms, suggesting that the association of the aggregated forms was greater with the membrane. The peptide-associated astrocytes showed lower survival and increased oxidative stress generation, owing to the decrease in nuclear localization of Nrf2 and increase in iNOS, and further aggravated by the decrease in glutathione content and related enzymes like glutathione synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Glutamate uptake increased in aggregate-treated cells due to the increase in GLAST1 expression, de novo synthesis of glutamate by pyruvate carboxylase, and/or glutamine synthase, bolstered by the differential glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. We thus show for the first time that extracellular α-synuclein exposure leads to astrocytic dysfunction with respect to the antioxidant mechanism and glutamate metabolic profile. The impact was higher in the case of the aggregated and mutated peptide, with the highest dysfunction for the mutant aggregated α-synuclein treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Raj
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Alka Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
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18
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Han R, Wan J, Han X, Ren H, Falck JR, Munnuri S, Yang ZJ, Koehler RC. 20-HETE Participates in Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Acute Injury by Promoting Cell Ferroptosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:763419. [PMID: 34867747 PMCID: PMC8633108 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.763419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly fatal type of stroke that leads to various types of neuronal death. Recently, ferroptosis, a form of cell death resulting from iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation, was observed in a mouse ICH model. N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits synthesis of the arachidonic acid metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), has shown a protective effect after ICH. However, the underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect need further investigation. We explored whether 20-HETE participates in ICH-induced ferroptosis ex vivo by using hemoglobin-treated organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) and in vivo by using a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model. Ex vivo, we found that the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 and antagonist 20-6,15-HEDGE reduced hemoglobin-induced cell death, iron deposition, and lipid reactive oxygen species levels in OHSCs. Furthermore, 20-HETE inhibition in OHSCs increased the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 4, an antioxidant enzyme that serves as a main regulator of ferroptosis. In contrast, exposure of OHSCs to the 20-HETE stable mimetic 20-5,14-HEDGE induced cell death that was significantly inhibited by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. In vivo, HET0016 treatment ameliorated focal deficits, reduced lesion volume, and decreased iron accumulation around the lesion at day 3 and 7 after ICH. In addition, lipid peroxidation was decreased and expression of GPX4 was increased in the HET0016-treated ICH group. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway also was inhibited by HET0016 in vivo. These results indicate that 20-HETE contributes to ICH-induced acute brain injury in part by activating ferroptosis pathways, thereby providing an upstream target for inhibiting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Honglei Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sailu Munnuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zeng-Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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Kelmanson IV, Shokhina AG, Kotova DA, Pochechuev MS, Ivanova AD, Kostyuk AI, Panova AS, Borodinova AA, Solotenkov MA, Stepanov EA, Raevskii RI, Moshchenko AA, Pak VV, Ermakova YG, van Belle GJC, Tarabykin V, Balaban PM, Fedotov IV, Fedotov AB, Conrad M, Bogeski I, Katschinski DM, Doeppner TR, Bähr M, Zheltikov AM, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. In vivo dynamics of acidosis and oxidative stress in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke in a rodent model. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102178. [PMID: 34773835 PMCID: PMC8600061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. However, molecular processes underlying the development of this pathology remain poorly understood. There are major gaps in our understanding of metabolic changes that occur in the brain tissue during the early stages of ischemia and reperfusion. In particular, it is generally accepted that both ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress which is one of the main drivers of the pathology, although ROS generation during I/R was never demonstrated in vivo due to the lack of suitable methods. In the present study, we record for the first time the dynamics of intracellular pH and H2O2 during I/R in cultured neurons and during experimental stroke in rats using the latest generation of genetically encoded biosensors SypHer3s and HyPer7. We detect a buildup of powerful acidosis in the brain tissue that overlaps with the ischemic core from the first seconds of pathogenesis. At the same time, no significant H2O2 generation was found in the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion. HyPer7 oxidation in the brain was detected only 24 h later. Comparison of in vivo experiments with studies on cultured neurons under I/R demonstrates that the dynamics of metabolic processes in these models significantly differ, suggesting that a cell culture is a poor predictor of metabolic events in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina G Shokhina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Panova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Borodinova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Maxim A Solotenkov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Stepanov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Roman I Raevskii
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeriy V Pak
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Yulia G Ermakova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Gijsbert J C van Belle
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viktor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Ilya V Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany; Istanbul Medipol University, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Hohmann U, Dehghani F, Hohmann T. Assessment of Neuronal Damage in Brain Slice Cultures Using Machine Learning Based on Spatial Features. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:740178. [PMID: 34690679 PMCID: PMC8531652 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.740178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal damage presents a major health issue necessitating extensive research to identify mechanisms of neuronal cell death and potential therapeutic targets. Commonly used models are slice cultures out of different brain regions extracted from mice or rats, excitotoxically, ischemic, or traumatically lesioned and subsequently treated with potential neuroprotective agents. Thereby cell death is regularly assessed by measuring the propidium iodide (PI) uptake or counting of PI-positive nuclei. The applied methods have a limited applicability, either in terms of objectivity and time consumption or regarding its applicability. Consequently, new tools for analysis are needed. Here, we present a framework to mimic manual counting using machine learning algorithms as tools for semantic segmentation of PI-positive dead cells in hippocampal slice cultures. Therefore, we trained a support vector machine (SVM) to classify images into either “high” or “low” neuronal damage and used naïve Bayes, discriminant analysis, random forest, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) as classifiers for segmentation of dead cells. In our final models, pixel-wise accuracies of up to 0.97 were achieved using the MLP classifier. Furthermore, a SVM-based post-processing step was introduced to differentiate between false-positive and false-negative detections using morphological features. As only very few false-positive objects and thus training data remained when using the final model, this approach only mildly improved the results. A final object splitting step using Hough transformations was used to account for overlap, leading to a recall of up to 97.6% of the manually assigned PI-positive dead cells. Taken together, we present an analysis tool that can help to objectively and reproducibly analyze neuronal damage in brain-derived slice cultures, taking advantage of the morphology of pycnotic cells for segmentation, object splitting, and identification of false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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21
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Zilberman A, Cornelison RC. Microphysiological models of the central nervous system with fluid flow. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:72-83. [PMID: 34029679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 1,000 described neurological and neurodegenerative disorders affecting nearly 100 million Americans - roughly one third of the U.S. population. Collectively, treatment of neurological conditions is estimated to cost $800 billion every year. Lowering this societal burden will require developing better model systems in which to study these diverse disorders. Microphysiological systems are promising tools for modeling healthy and diseased neural tissues to study mechanisms and treatment of neuropathology. One major benefit of microphysiological systems is the ability to incorporate biophysical forces, namely the forces derived from biological fluid flow. Fluid flow in the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex but important element of physiology, and pathologies as diverse as traumatic or ischemic injury, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and natural aging have all been found to alter flow pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in three-dimensional microphysiological systems for studying the biology and therapy of CNS disorders and highlight the ability and growing need to incorporate biological fluid flow in these miniaturized model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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22
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Butler-Ryan R, Wood IC. Efficient infection of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures with adenovirus carrying the transgene REST/NRSF. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 356:109147. [PMID: 33771654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures provide a useful platform maintaining hippocampal structure and synaptic connections of the brain over weeks in culture with ease of in vitro manipulations. Gene transfer is a particularly desirable tool for using with them but current difficulties with transformation of transgenes into these cultures is a barrier to their use in research. Previous quantifications of viral infections have shown low transformation rates and have relied upon invasive microinjections. In this paper we present an efficient way of infecting organotypic cultures with adenovirus at the acute slice stage that does not require injection. We use the adenoviral delivery system to introduce the transcription factor REST and a GFP marker, providing around 41 % cellular infection spread throughout the entire slice culture and promoting transgene expression for weeks in vitro. GFP expression was observed most intensely in the slices when they were infected just a few hours after plating and was shown to infect neurons and microglia. We decided to use the transcription factor REST/NRSF as an example transgene which was delivered into cells via the adenoviral construct, conferring overexpression of REST in addition to the GFP marker. This outlines a technique whereby adenoviral infection of organotypic cultures can infect neurons with good efficiency and confer successful manipulation of genetic factors within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Butler-Ryan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Ian C Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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23
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Wolters A, Reuther J, Gude P, Weber T, Theiss C, Vogelsang H, Matschke V. Teriflunomide provides protective properties after oxygen-glucose-deprivation in hippocampal and cerebellar slice cultures. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2243-2249. [PMID: 33818508 PMCID: PMC8354112 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in emergency medicine is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Every year, about 53-62/100 000 people worldwide suffer an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with serious consequences, whereas persistent brain injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of those surviving a cardiac arrest. Today, only few and insufficient strategies are known to limit neurological damage of ischemia and reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether teriflunomide, an approved drug for treatment of relapsing-remitting-multiple-sclerosis, exerts a protective effect on brain cells in an in vitro model of ischemia. Therefore, organotypic slice cultures from rat hippocampus and cerebellum were exposed to oxygen-glucose-deprivation and subsequently treated with teriflunomide. The administration of teriflunomide in the reperfusion time on both hippocampal and cerebellar slice cultures significantly decreased the amount of detectable propidium iodide signal compared with an untreated culture, indicating that more cells survive after oxygen-glucose-deprivation. However, hippocampal slice cultures showed a higher vulnerability to ischemic conditions and a more sensitive response to teriflunomide compared with cerebellar slice cultures. Our study suggests that teriflunomide, applied as a post-treatment after an oxygen-glucose-deprivation, has a protective effect on hippocampal and cerebellar cells in organotypic slice cultures of rats. All procedures were conducted under established standards of the German federal state of North Rhine Westphalia, in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolters
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Judith Reuther
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Gude
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heike Vogelsang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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24
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AlaylioĞlu M, Dursun E, Yilmazer S, Ak DG. A Bridge Between in vitro and in vivo Studies in Neuroscience: Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 57:333-337. [PMID: 33354128 DOI: 10.29399/npa.26139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo models are efficiently used systems in neuroscience research to study the brain in normal or pathological conditions. There are many advantages to these systems, yet they also have significant limitations. In vitro cell cultures offer the opportunity to investigate the cell basics or primary response of a cell population against any treatment. However, these models do not always predict in vivo behavior. In vivo animal studies constitute the most realistic platform for research and therapeutic approaches, yet they are laborious, open to secondary complications and painful or stressful for the animals from an ethical point of view. Organotypic brain slice cultures provide an in vivo-like environment since they maintain three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of the brain thus enable to study many cell types in one system and allow precise control of the microenvironment. In this review, we will focus on the history and key features of organotypic brain slice cultures as well as its preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve AlaylioĞlu
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selma Yilmazer
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Altınbaş University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Gezen Ak
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
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25
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Lovett ML, Nieland TJ, Dingle YTL, Kaplan DL. Innovations in 3-Dimensional Tissue Models of Human Brain Physiology and Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909146. [PMID: 34211358 PMCID: PMC8240470 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3-dimensional (3D) laboratory tissue cultures have emerged as an alternative to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) culture systems that do not recapitulate native cell behavior. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro tissue-cell-molecular responses impedes understanding of human physiology in general and creates roadblocks for the discovery of therapeutic solutions. Two parallel approaches have emerged for the design of 3D culture systems. The first is biomedical engineering methodology, including bioengineered materials, bioprinting, microfluidics and bioreactors, used alone or in combination, to mimic the microenvironments of native tissues. The second approach is organoid technology, in which stem cells are exposed to chemical and/or biological cues to activate differentiation programs that are reminiscent of human (prenatal) development. This review article describes recent technological advances in engineering 3D cultures that more closely resemble the human brain. The contributions of in vitro 3D tissue culture systems to new insights in neurophysiology, neurological diseases and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Perspectives on designing improved tissue models of the human brain are offered, focusing on an integrative approach merging biomedical engineering tools with organoid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Lovett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Thomas J.F. Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Yu-Ting L. Dingle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
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26
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Grüßer L, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Rossaint R, Krings M, Kremer B, Höllig A, Coburn M. A 6-Step Approach to Gain Higher Quality Results From Organotypic Hippocampal Brain Slices in a Traumatic Brain Injury Model. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 10:485-498. [PMID: 32284838 PMCID: PMC7149959 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Organotypic Hippocampal Brain Slices (OHBS) provide an advantageous alternative to in vivo models to scrutinize Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). We followed a well-established TBI protocol, but noticed that several factors may influence the results in such a setup. Here, we describe a structured approach to generate more comparable results and discuss why specific eligibility criteria should be applied. Methods We defined necessary checkpoints and developed inclusion and exclusion criteria that take the observed variation in such a model into consideration. Objective measures include the identification and exclusion of pre-damaged slices and outliers. Six steps were outlined in this study. Results A six-step approach to enhance comparability is proposed and summarized in a flowchart. We applied the suggested measures to data derived from our TBI-experiments examining the impact of three different interventions in 1459 OHBS. Our exemplary results show that through equal requirements set for all slices more precise findings are ensured. Conclusion Results in a TBI experiment on OHBS should be analyzed critically as inhomogeneities may occur. In order to ensure more precise findings, a structured approach of comparing the results should be followed. Further research is recommended to confirm and further develop this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grüßer
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Krings
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medizinisches Zentrum StaedteRegion Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Li W, Chen Z, Yuan J, Yu Z, Cheng C, Zhao Q, Huang L, Hajjar KA, Chen Z, Lo EH, Dai H, Wang X. Annexin A2 is a Robo4 ligand that modulates ARF6 activation-associated cerebral trans-endothelial permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2048-2060. [PMID: 29786451 PMCID: PMC6775579 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18777916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in neurological disorders remains an intractable problem with limited therapeutic options. Here, we investigate whether the endothelial cell membrane protein annexin A2 (ANXA2) may play a role in reducing trans-endothelial permeability and maintaining cerebrovascular integrity after injury. Compared with wild-type mice, the expression of cerebral endothelial junctional proteins was reduced in E15.5 and adult ANXA2 knockout mice, along with increased leakage of small molecule tracers. In human brain endothelial cells that were damaged by hypoxia plus IL-1β, treatment with recombinant ANXA2 (rA2) rescued the expression of junctional proteins and decreased trans-endothelial permeability. These protective effects were mediated in part by interactions with F-actin and VE-cadherin, and the ability of rA2 to modulate signaling via the roundabout guidance receptor 4 (Robo4)-paxillin-ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) pathway. Taken together, these observations suggest that ANXA2 may be associated with the maintenance of endothelial tightness after cerebrovascular injury. ANXA2-mediated pathways should be further explored as potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lena Huang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Hajjar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Haibin Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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28
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Linalool attenuates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by glutamate and NMDA toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Han X, Zhao X, Lan X, Li Q, Gao Y, Liu X, Wan J, Yang Z, Chen X, Zang W, Guo AM, Falck JR, Koehler RC, Wang J. 20-HETE synthesis inhibition promotes cerebral protection after intracerebral hemorrhage without inhibiting angiogenesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1531-1543. [PMID: 29485354 PMCID: PMC6681539 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18762645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
20-HETE, an arachidonic acid metabolite synthesized by cytochrome P450 4A, plays an important role in acute brain damage from ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. We tested the hypothesis that 20-HETE inhibition has a protective effect after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and then investigated its effect on angiogenesis. We exposed hippocampal slice cultures to hemoglobin and induced ICH in mouse brains by intrastriatal collagenase injection to investigate the protective effect of 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016). Hemoglobin-induced neuronal death was assessed by propidium iodide after 18 h in vitro. Lesion volume, neurologic deficits, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, and angiogenesis were evaluated at different time points after ICH. In cultured mouse hippocampal slices, HET0016 attenuated hemoglobin-induced neuronal death and decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ROS. In vivo, HET0016 reduced brain lesion volume and neurologic deficits, and decreased neuronal death, ROS production, gelatinolytic activity, and the inflammatory response at three days after ICH. However, HET0016 did not inhibit angiogenesis, as levels of CD31, VEGF, and VEGFR2 were unchanged on day 28. We conclude that 20-HETE is involved in ICH-induced brain damage. Inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis may provide a viable means to mitigate ICH injury without inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Han
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaochun Zhao
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Lan
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Li
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yufeng Gao
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jieru Wan
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zengjin Yang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuemei Chen
- 2 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Zang
- 2 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Austin M Guo
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John R Falck
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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30
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Wowro SJ, Tong G, Krech J, Rolfs N, Berger F, Schmitt KRL. Combined Cyclosporin A and Hypothermia Treatment Inhibits Activation of BV-2 Microglia but Induces an Inflammatory Response in an Ischemia/Reperfusion Hippocampal Slice Culture Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:273. [PMID: 31293389 PMCID: PMC6603137 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypothermia attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal cell death associated with neuroinflammation. The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) has been shown to be neuroprotective by minimizing activation of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, we investigated whether the combination of hypothermia and treatment with CsA has neuroprotective effects in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury model in neuronal and BV-2 microglia monocultures, as well as in an organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC). Methods Murine primary neurons, BV-2 microglia, and OHSC were pretreated with CsA and exposed to 1 h OGD (0.2% O2) followed by reperfusion at normothermia (37°C) or hypothermia (33.5°C). Cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate releases. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) were detected in cultured supernatant by western blot analysis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1α and -1β (IL-1α/IL1-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glia activation factors ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results Exposure to OGD plus 10 μM CsA was sufficient to induce necrotic cell death and subsequent release of DAMPs in neurons but not BV-2 microglia. Moreover, OGD/R-induced secondary injury was also observed only in the neurons, which was not attenuated by cooling and no increased toxicity by CsA was observed. BV-2 microglia were not sensitive to OGD/R-induced injury but were susceptible to CsA-induced toxicity in a dose dependent manner, which was minimized by hypothermia. CsA attenuated IL-1β and Iba1 expressions in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD/R. Hypothermia reduced IL-1β and iNOS expressions but induced TNF-α and Iba1 expressions in the microglia. However, these observations did not translate to the ex vivo OHCS model, as general high expressions of most cytokines investigated were observed. Conclusion Treatment with CsA has neurotoxic effects on primary neurons exposed to OGD but could inhibit BV-2 microglia activation. However, CsA and hypothermia treatment after ischemia/reperfusion injury results in cytotoxic neuroinflammation in the complex ex vivo OHSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Wowro
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giang Tong
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Krech
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nele Rolfs
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina R L Schmitt
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Laternser S, Keller H, Leupin O, Rausch M, Graf-Hausner U, Rimann M. A Novel Microplate 3D Bioprinting Platform for the Engineering of Muscle and Tendon Tissues. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:599-613. [PMID: 29895208 PMCID: PMC6249648 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318776594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures do not reflect the in vivo situation, and thus it is important to develop predictive three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models with enhanced reliability and robustness for drug screening applications. Treatments against muscle-related diseases are becoming more prominent due to the growth of the aging population worldwide. In this study, we describe a novel drug screening platform with automated production of 3D musculoskeletal-tendon-like tissues. With 3D bioprinting, alternating layers of photo-polymerized gelatin-methacryloyl-based bioink and cell suspension tissue models were produced in a dumbbell shape onto novel postholder cell culture inserts in 24-well plates. Monocultures of human primary skeletal muscle cells and rat tenocytes were printed around and between the posts. The cells showed high viability in culture and good tissue differentiation, based on marker gene and protein expressions. Different printing patterns of bioink and cells were explored and calcium signaling with Fluo4-loaded cells while electrically stimulated was shown. Finally, controlled co-printing of tenocytes and myoblasts around and between the posts, respectively, was demonstrated followed by co-culture and co-differentiation. This screening platform combining 3D bioprinting with a novel microplate represents a promising tool to address musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Laternser
- Competence Center TEDD, Institute of
Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences,
Waedenswil, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Biology & Tissue
Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of
Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Hansjoerg Keller
- Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis
Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Leupin
- Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis
Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Rausch
- Biotherapeutic and Analytical
Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Graf-Hausner
- Competence Center TEDD, Institute of
Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences,
Waedenswil, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Biology & Tissue
Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of
Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rimann
- Competence Center TEDD, Institute of
Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences,
Waedenswil, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Biology & Tissue
Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of
Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland
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32
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Dukhinova M, Kuznetsova I, Kopeikina E, Veniaminova E, Yung AWY, Veremeyko T, Levchuk K, Barteneva NS, Wing-Ho KK, Yung WH, Liu JYH, Rudd J, Yau SSY, Anthony DC, Strekalova T, Ponomarev ED. Platelets mediate protective neuroinflammation and promote neuronal plasticity at the site of neuronal injury. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:7-27. [PMID: 30217533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that inflammation within the CNS contributes to neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but it is not clear how inflammation is initiated in the absence of infection and whether this neuroinflammation is predominantly beneficial or detrimental. We have previously found that brain-enriched glycosphingolipids within neuronal lipid rafts (NLR) induced platelet degranulation and secretion of neurotransmitters and pro-inflammatory factors. In the present study, we compared TBI-induced inflammation and neurodegeneration in wild-type vs. St3gal5 deficient (ST3-/-) mice that lack major CNS-specific glycosphingolipids. After TBI, microglial activation and CNS macrophage infiltration were substantially reduced in ST3-/- animals. However, ST3-/- mice had a larger area of CNS damage with marked neuronal/axonal loss. The interaction of platelets with NLR stimulated neurite growth, increased the number of PSD95-positive dendritic spines, and intensified neuronal activity. Adoptive transfer and blocking experiments provide further that platelet-derived serotonin and platelet activating factor plays a key role in the regulation of sterile neuroinflammation, hemorrhage and neuronal plasticity after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dukhinova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Inna Kuznetsova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Ekaterina Kopeikina
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Ekaterina Veniaminova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiiskaya str, 8, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amanda W Y Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Tatyana Veremeyko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kseniia Levchuk
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenny Kam Wing-Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Julia Y H Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
| | - John Rudd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong; Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Sonata S Y Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiiskaya str, 8, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong; Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunmin-Hong Kong, China.
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33
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Magalhães DM, Pereira N, Rombo DM, Beltrão-Cavacas C, Sebastião AM, Valente CA. Ex vivo model of epilepsy in organotypic slices-a new tool for drug screening. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:203. [PMID: 29996878 PMCID: PMC6042335 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder worldwide. It is characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures and its development is accompanied by alterations in many cellular processes. Organotypic slice cultures represent a multicellular environment with the potential to assess biological mechanisms, and they are used as a starting point for refining molecules for in vivo studies. Here, we investigated organotypic slice cultures as a model of epilepsy. METHODS We assessed, by electrophysiological recordings, the spontaneous activity of organotypic slices maintained under different culture protocols. Moreover, we evaluated, through molecular-based approaches, neurogenesis, neuronal death, gliosis, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain) as biomarkers of neuroinflammation. RESULTS We demonstrated that organotypic slices, maintained under a serum deprivation culture protocol, develop epileptic-like activity. Furthermore, throughout a comparative study with slices that do not depict any epileptiform activity, slices with epileptiform activity were found to display significant differences in terms of inflammation-related features, such as (1) increased neuronal death, with higher incidence in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus; (2) activation of astrocytes and microglia, assessed through western blot and immunohistochemistry; (3) upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α, revealed by qPCR; and (4) enhanced expression of NLRP3, assessed by western blot, together with increased NLRP3 activation, showed by IL-1β quantification. CONCLUSIONS Thus, organotypic slice cultures gradually deprived of serum mimic the epileptic-like activity, as well as the inflammatory events associated with in vivo epilepsy. This system can be considered a new tool to explore the interplay between neuroinflammation and epilepsy and to screen potential drug candidates, within the inflammatory cascades, to reduce/halt epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Magalhães
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Noémia Pereira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Rombo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Beltrão-Cavacas
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Harris T, Azar A, Sapir G, Gamliel A, Nardi-Schreiber A, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. Real-time ex-vivo measurement of brain metabolism using hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9564. [PMID: 29934508 PMCID: PMC6014998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to directly monitor in vivo brain metabolism in real time in a matter of seconds using the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization technology holds promise to aid the understanding of brain physiology in health and disease. However, translating the hyperpolarized signal observed in the brain to cerebral metabolic rates is not straightforward, as the observed in vivo signals reflect also the influx of metabolites produced in the body, the cerebral blood volume, and the rate of transport across the blood brain barrier. We introduce a method to study rapid metabolism of hyperpolarized substrates in the viable rat brain slices preparation, an established ex vivo model of the brain. By retrospective evaluation of tissue motion and settling from analysis of the signal of the hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate precursor, the T1s of the metabolites and their rates of production can be determined. The enzymatic rates determined here are in the range of those determined previously with classical biochemical assays and are in agreement with hyperpolarized metabolite relative signal intensities observed in the rodent brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Assad Azar
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The microtubule-associated protein Tau plays a role in neurodegeneration as well as neurogenesis. Previous work has shown that the expression of the pro-aggregant mutant Tau repeat domain causes strong aggregation and pronounced neuronal loss in the hippocampus whereas the anti-aggregant form has no deleterious effects. These two proteins differ mainly in their propensity to form ß structure and hence to aggregate. METHODS To elucidate the basis of these contrasting effects, we analyzed organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) from transgenic mice expressing the repeat domain (RD) of Tau with the anti-aggregant mutation (TauRDΔKPP) and compared them with slices containing pro-aggregant TauRDΔK. Transgene expression in the hippocampus was monitored via a sensitive bioluminescence reporter gene assay (luciferase). RESULTS The expression of the anti-aggregant TauRDΔKPP leads to a larger volume of the hippocampus at a young age due to enhanced neurogenesis, resulting in an increase in neuronal number. There were no signs of activation of microglia and astrocytes, indicating the absence of an inflammatory reaction. Investigation of signaling pathways showed that Wnt-5a was strongly decreased whereas Wnt3 was increased. A pronounced increase in hippocampal stem cell proliferation (seen by BrdU) was observed as early as P8, in the CA regions where neurogenesis is normally not observed. The increase in neurons persisted up to 16 months of age. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the expression of anti-aggregant TauRDΔKPP enhances hippocampal neurogenesis mediated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, without an inflammatory reaction. This study points to a role of tau in brain development and neurogenesis, in contrast to its detrimental role in neurodegeneration at later age.
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Tan GA, Furber KL, Thangaraj MP, Sobchishin L, Doucette JR, Nazarali AJ. Organotypic Cultures from the Adult CNS: A Novel Model to Study Demyelination and Remyelination Ex Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:317-328. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Doussau F, Dupont JL, Neel D, Schneider A, Poulain B, Bossu JL. Organotypic cultures of cerebellar slices as a model to investigate demyelinating disorders. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1011-1022. [PMID: 28712329 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1356285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demyelinating disorders, characterized by a chronic or episodic destruction of the myelin sheath, are a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults in western countries. Studying the complex mechanisms involved in axon myelination, demyelination and remyelination requires an experimental model preserving the neuronal networks and neuro-glial interactions. Organotypic cerebellar slice cultures appear to be the best alternative to in vivo experiments and the most commonly used model for investigating etiology or novel therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis. Areas covered: This review gives an overview of slice culture techniques and focuses on the use of organotypic cerebellar slice cultures on semi-permeable membranes for studying many aspects of axon myelination and cerebellar functions. Expert opinion: Cerebellar slice cultures are probably the easiest way to faithfully reproduce all stages of axon myelination/demyelination/remyelination in a three-dimensional neuronal network. However, in the cerebellum, neurological disability in multiple sclerosis also results from channelopathies which induce changes in Purkinje cell excitability. Cerebellar cultures offer easy access to electrophysiological approaches which are largely untapped and we believe that these cultures might be of great interest when studying changes in neuronal excitability, axonal conduction or synaptic properties that likely occur during multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Doussau
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupont
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Dorine Neel
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Aline Schneider
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Bernard Poulain
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Jean Louis Bossu
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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Grüßer L, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Krings M, Kremer B, Höllig A, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Argon attenuates the emergence of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury within a 2-hour incubation period compared to desflurane: an in vitro study. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:93-100. [PMID: 28744361 PMCID: PMC5510299 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.208512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of research, treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains challenging. Considerable data exists that some volatile anesthetics might be neuroprotective. However, several studies have also revealed a rather neurotoxic profile of anesthetics. In this study, we investigated the effects of argon 50%, desflurane 6% and their combination in an in vitro TBI model with incubation times similar to narcotic time slots in a daily clinical routine. Organotypic hippocampal brain slices of 5- to 7-day-old mice were cultivated for 14 days before TBI was performed. Slices were eventually incubated for 2 hours in an atmosphere containing no anesthetic gas, argon 50% or desflurane 6% or both. Trauma intensity was evaluated via fluorescent imagery. Our results show that neither argon 50% nor desflurane 6% nor their combination could significantly reduce the trauma intensity in comparison to the standard atmosphere. However, in comparison to desflurane 6%, argon 50% displayed a rather neuroprotective profile within the first 2 hours after a focal mechanical trauma (P = 0.015). A 2-hour incubation in an atmosphere containing both gases, argon 50% and desflurane 6%, did not result in significant effects in comparison to the argon 50% group or the desflurane 6% group. Our findings demonstrate that within a 2-hour incubation time neither argon nor desflurane could affect propidium iodide-detectable cell death in an in vitro TBI model in comparison to the standard atmosphere, although cell death was less with argon 50% than with desflurane 6%. The results show that within this short time period processes concerning the development of secondary injury are already taking place and may be manipulated by argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grüßer
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Krings
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medizinisches Zentrum StaedteRegion Aachen, Wuerselen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Li Q, Han X, Lan X, Gao Y, Wan J, Durham F, Cheng T, Yang J, Wang Z, Jiang C, Ying M, Koehler RC, Stockwell BR, Wang J. Inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis protects hemorrhagic brain. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90777. [PMID: 28405617 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes high mortality and morbidity, but our knowledge of post-ICH neuronal death and related mechanisms is limited. In this study, we first demonstrated that ferroptosis, a newly identified form of cell death, occurs in the collagenase-induced ICH model in mice. We found that administration of ferrostatin-1, a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis, prevented neuronal death and reduced iron deposition induced by hemoglobin in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). Mice treated with ferrostatin-1 after ICH exhibited marked brain protection and improved neurologic function. Additionally, we found that ferrostatin-1 reduced lipid reactive oxygen species production and attenuated the increased expression level of PTGS2 and its gene product cyclooxygenase-2 ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, ferrostatin-1 in combination with other inhibitors that target different forms of cell death prevented hemoglobin-induced cell death in OHSCs and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons better than any inhibitor alone. These results indicate that ferroptosis contributes to neuronal death after ICH, that administration of ferrostatin-1 protects hemorrhagic brain, and that cyclooxygenase-2 could be a biomarker of ferroptosis. The insights gained from this study will advance our knowledge of the post-ICH cell death cascade and be essential for future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Tian Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
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Su X, Fang D, Liu Y, Ramamoorthi M, Zeitouni A, Chen W, Tran SD. Three-dimensional organotypic culture of human salivary glands: the slice culture model. Oral Dis 2016; 22:639-48. [PMID: 27214128 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A challenge in studying human salivary glands is to maintain the cells ex vivo in their three-dimensional (3D) morphology with an intact native extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. This paper established a human salivary 3D organotypic slice culture model that could maintain its physiological functions as well as allowing a direct visualization of the cells. METHODS Human salivary biopsies from six patients were embedded in agarose and submerged in cold buffer for thin (50 μm) sectioning using a vibratome. 'Salivary slices' were mechanically supported by a porous membrane insert that allowed an air-liquid interface and cultured in serum-free culture media. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, physiological functions, and gene expression were assessed during 14 days of culture. RESULTS Human salivary slices maintained cell survival (70-40%) and proliferation (6-17%) for 14 days ex vivo. The protein secretory (amylase) function decreased, but fluid (intracellular calcium mobilization) function was maintained. Acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cell populations survived and maintained their 3D organization within the slice culture model. CONCLUSION The human salivary slice culture model kept cells alive ex vivo for 14 days as well as maintaining their 3D morphology and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Su
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - D Fang
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Y Liu
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Ramamoorthi
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Zeitouni
- Department of Otolaryngology, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - W Chen
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - S D Tran
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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