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Zapata-Acevedo JF, Losada-Barragán M, Osma JF, Cruz JC, Reiber A, Petry KG, Caillard A, Sauldubois A, Llamosa Pérez D, Morillo Zárate AJ, Muñoz SB, Daza Moreno A, Silva RV, Infante-Duarte C, Chamorro-Coral W, González-Reyes RE, Vargas-Sánchez K. Specific nanoprobe design for MRI: Targeting laminin in the blood-brain barrier to follow alteration due to neuroinflammation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302031. [PMID: 38603692 PMCID: PMC11008835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is characterized by increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading to molecular changes in the central nervous system that can be explored with biomarkers of active neuroinflammatory processes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed to detecting lesions and permeability of the BBB. Ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) are used as contrast agents to improve MRI observations. Therefore, we validate the interaction of peptide-88 with laminin, vectorized on USPIO, to explore BBB molecular alterations occurring during neuroinflammation as a potential tool for use in MRI. The specific labeling of NPS-P88 was verified in endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and astrocytes (T98G) under inflammation induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) for 3 and 24 hours. IL-1β for 3 hours in hCMEC/D3 cells increased their co-localization with NPS-P88, compared with controls. At 24 hours, no significant differences were observed between groups. In T98G cells, NPS-P88 showed similar nonspecific labeling among treatments. These results indicate that NPS-P88 has a higher affinity towards brain endothelial cells than astrocytes under inflammation. This affinity decreases over time with reduced laminin expression. In vivo results suggest that following a 30-minute post-injection, there is an increased presence of NPS-P88 in the blood and brain, diminishing over time. Lastly, EAE animals displayed a significant accumulation of NPS-P88 in MRI, primarily in the cortex, attributed to inflammation and disruption of the BBB. Altogether, these results revealed NPS-P88 as a biomarker to evaluate changes in the BBB due to neuroinflammation by MRI in biological models targeting laminin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Zapata-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica Losada-Barragán
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Funcional e Ingeniería de Biomoleculas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andreas Reiber
- Chemistry Department, Grupo La Quimica en la interfase inorgánica-orgánica QUINORG, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Klaus G. Petry
- CNRS UMR 5536 Centre de Resonance Magnétique des Systemes Biologiques and INSERM U1049 Neuroinflammation, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Llamosa Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo Investigación fundamental y aplicada en Materiales, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Agustín Daza Moreno
- Oficial de Protección Radiológica, Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafaela V. Silva
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William Chamorro-Coral
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E. González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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da Silva AV, Serrenho I, Araújo B, Carvalho AM, Baltazar G. Secretome as a Tool to Treat Neurological Conditions: Are We Ready? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16544. [PMID: 38003733 PMCID: PMC10671352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their characteristics, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential therapy for brain tissue injury or degeneration. Nevertheless, despite the promising results observed, there has been a growing interest in the use of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine, such as the use of stem cell secretome. This review provides an in-depth compilation of data regarding the secretome composition, protocols used for its preparation, as well as existing information on the impact of secretome administration on various brain conditions, pointing out gaps and highlighting relevant findings. Moreover, due to the ability of MSCs to respond differently depending on their microenvironment, preconditioning of MSCs has been used to modulate their composition and, consequently, their therapeutic potential. The different strategies used to modulate the MSC secretome were also reviewed. Although secretome administration was effective in improving functional impairments, regeneration, neuroprotection, and reducing inflammation in brain tissue, a high variability in secretome preparation and administration was identified, compromising the transposition of preclinical data to clinical studies. Indeed, there are no reports of the use of secretome in clinical trials. Despite the existing limitations and lack of clinical data, secretome administration is a potential tool for the treatment of various diseases that impact the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Valente da Silva
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Inês Serrenho
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Araújo
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Graça Baltazar
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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3
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Barreto GE. Repurposing of Tibolone in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 37509151 PMCID: PMC10377087 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterised by the accumulation of amyloid-beta and tau in the brain, leading to the progressive loss of memory and cognition. The causes of its pathogenesis are still not fully understood, but some risk factors, such as age, genetics, and hormones, may play a crucial role. Studies show that postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing AD, possibly due to the decrease in hormone levels, especially oestrogen, which may be directly related to a reduction in the activity of oestrogen receptors, especially beta (ERβ), which favours a more hostile cellular environment, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, mainly affecting key processes related to transport, metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Given the influence of hormones on biological processes at the mitochondrial level, hormone therapies are of clinical interest to reduce the risk or delay the onset of symptoms associated with AD. One drug with such potential is tibolone, which is used in clinics to treat menopause-related symptoms. It can reduce amyloid burden and have benefits on mitochondrial integrity and dynamics. Many of its protective effects are mediated through steroid receptors and may also be related to neuroglobin, whose elevated levels have been shown to protect against neurological diseases. Its importance has increased exponentially due to its implication in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss recent advances in tibolone, focusing on its mitochondrial-protective effects, and highlight how valuable this compound could be as a therapeutic alternative to mitigate the molecular pathways characteristic of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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4
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Ghozy S, El-Qushayri AE, Varney J, Kacimi SEO, Bahbah EI, Morra ME, Shah J, Kallmes KM, Abbas AS, Elfil M, Alghamdi BS, Ashraf G, Alhabbab R, Dmytriw AA. The prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1021877. [PMID: 36353130 PMCID: PMC9638118 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1021877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) places a heavy load on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite significant advancements in care, the TBI-related mortality is 30–50% and in most cases involves adolescents or young adults. Previous literature has suggested that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may serve as a sensitive biomarker in predicting clinical outcomes following TBI. With conclusive evidence in this regard lacking, this study aimed to systematically review all original studies reporting the effectiveness of NLR as a predictor of TBI outcomes. A systematic search of eight databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) recommendations. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool. Eight studies were ultimately included in the study. In most of the studies interrogated, severity outcomes were successfully predicted by NLR in both univariate and multivariate prediction models, in different follow-up durations up to 6 months. A high NLR at 24 and 48 h after TBI in pediatric patients was associated with worse clinical outcomes. On pooling the NLR values within studies assessing its association with the outcome severity (favorable or not), patients with favorable outcomes had 37% lower NLR values than those with unfavorable ones (RoM= 0.63; 95% CI = 0.44–0.88; p = 0.007). However, there were considerable heterogeneity in effect estimates (I2 = 99%; p < 0.001). Moreover, NLR was a useful indicator of mortality at both 6-month and 1-year intervals. In conjunction with clinical and radiographic parameters, NLR might be a useful, inexpensive marker in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with TBI. However, the considerable heterogeneity in current literature keeps it under investigation with further studies are warranted to confirm the reliability of NLR in predicting TBI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences and Department for Continuing Education (EBHC Program), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sherief Ghozy
| | | | - Joseph Varney
- School of Medicine, American University of the Caribbean, Philipsburg, Sint Maarten
| | | | | | | | - Jaffer Shah
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Kallmes
- Nested Knowledge, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Superior Medical Experts, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Mohamed Elfil
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Ghulam Ashraf
| | - Rowa Alhabbab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam A. Dmytriw
- Neurointerventional Program, Departments of Medical Imaging and Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Mao ZQ, Minakawa N, Moi ML. Novel Antiviral Efficacy of Hedyotis diffusa and Artemisia capillaris Extracts against Dengue Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, and Zika Virus Infection and Immunoregulatory Cytokine Signatures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192589. [PMID: 36235456 PMCID: PMC9571899 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no specific therapeutics for flavivirus infections, including dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this study, we evaluated extracts from the plants Hedyotis diffusa (HD) and Artemisia capillaris (AC) to determine the antiviral activity against DENV, ZIKV, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). HD and AC demonstrated inhibitory activity against JEV, ZIKV, and DENV replication and reduced viral RNA levels in a dose-responsive manner, with non-cytotoxic concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/mL. HD and AC had low cytotoxicity to Vero cells, with CC50 values of 33.7 ± 1.6 and 30.3 ± 1.7 mg/mL (mean ± SD), respectively. The anti-flavivirus activity of HD and AC was also consistent in human cell lines, including human glioblastoma (T98G), human chronic myeloid leukemia (K562), and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293T) cells. Viral-infected, HD-treated cells demonstrated downregulation of cytokines including CCR1, CCL26, CCL15, CCL5, IL21, and IL17C. In contrast, CCR1, CCL26, and AIMP1 were elevated following AC treatment in viral-infected cells. Overall, HD and AC plant extracts demonstrated flavivirus replication inhibitory activity, and together with immunoregulatory cytokine signatures, these results suggest that HD and AC possess bioactive compounds that may further be refined as promising candidates for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Qiu Mao
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Pischiutta F, Caruso E, Cavaleiro H, Salgado AJ, Loane DJ, Zanier ER. Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome for traumatic brain injury: Focus on immunomodulatory action. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114199. [PMID: 35952763 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The severity and long-term consequences of brain damage in traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients urgently calls for better neuroprotective/neuroreparative strategies for this devastating disorder. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise and have been shown to confer neuroprotection in experimental TBI, mainly through paracrine mechanisms via secreted bioactive factors (i.e. secretome), which indicates significant potential for a cell-free neuroprotective approach. The secretome is composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles; it may offer advantages over MSCs in terms of delivery, safety, and variability of therapeutic response for brain injury. Immunomodulation by molecular factors secreted by MSCs is considered to be a key mechanism involved in their multi-potential therapeutic effects. Regulated neuroinflammation is required for healthy remodeling of central nervous system during development and adulthood. Moreover, immune cells and their secreted factors can also contribute to tissue repair and neurological recovery following acute brain injury. However, a chronic and maladaptive neuroinflammatory response can exacerbate TBI and contribute to progressive neurodegeneration and long-term neurological impairments. Here, we review the evidence for MSC-derived secretome as a therapy for TBI. Our framework incorporates a detailed analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the effects of the secretome on clinically relevant neurological and histopathological outcomes. We also describe the activation of immune cells after TBI and the immunomodulatory properties exerted by mediators released in the secretome. We then describe how ageing modifies central and systemic immune responses to TBI and discuss challenges and opportunities of developing secretome based neuroprotective therapies for elderly TBI populations. Finally, strategies aimed at modulating the secretome in order to boost its efficacy for TBI will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Cavaleiro
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Stemmatters, Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antonio J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - David J Loane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Kalra S, Malik R, Singh G, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Mohan S, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Tambuwala MM. Pathogenesis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI): role of neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1153-1166. [PMID: 35802283 PMCID: PMC9293826 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global health concern that represents a leading cause of death and disability. It occurs due to direct impact or hit on the head caused by factors such as motor vehicles, crushes, and assaults. During the past decade, an abundance of new evidence highlighted the importance of inflammation in the secondary damage response that contributes to neurodegenerative and neurological deficits after TBI. It results in disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and initiates the release of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes at the injury site. A growing number of researchers have discovered various signalling pathways associated with the initiation and progression of inflammation. Targeting different signalling pathways (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, GSK-3, Nrf2, RhoGTPase, TGF-β1, and NLRP3) helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of TBI. Several synthetic and herbal drugs with both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential showed effective results. This review summarizes different signalling pathways, associated pathologies, inflammatory mediators, pharmacological potential, current status, and challenges with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. .,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Syam Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
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8
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Liu S, Chi Y, Wu X, Zhu B, Wang H, Liang Y, Wang Y. Fat Stem Cells Combined with Complement C3 Inhibits the Progress of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of fat stem cells combined with complement C3 on Wnt/β-catenin pathway in type 2 diabetic rats. 30 male rats were randomly and equally divided into group of type 2 diabetes (intraperitoneal injection of urea with cephalosporins at a dose of
30 mg/kg and fed with high sugar and fat), type 2 diabetes+adipose stem cells+C3 group (after adipose stem cells+C3 group) and control group. Rats in adipose stem cells+C3 group received administration of stem cells and C3. The model of type 2 diabetic rats was successfully constructed. The
blood glucose of type 2 diabetic rats and fat stem cell+C3 group was significantly higher than 11.1 mmol/L. Adipocyte was induced to be differentiated into islet cells depending on insulin secretion and glucose concentration. The combination of complement C3 improved the glucose sensitivity
in type 2 diabetic rats. Compared with diabetic group, β-catenin and TCF in fat stem cell+C3 group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, fat stem cells combined with complement C3 inhibit the disease progression in type 2 diabetic rats possibly by inhibiting
the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yangfeng Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yongping Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
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9
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Sachdev KR, Lynch KJ, Barreto GE. Exploration of novel ligands to target C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) as a promising pharmacological treatment against traumatic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113155. [PMID: 35598371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely reported that the overexpression of the C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) has negative implications in neuroinflammatory diseases such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), although promising drugs to tackle this have been less forthcoming. As of 2016, only 2 drugs specifically targeting this receptor have made their way to market, with unsuccessful outcome unfortunately, suggesting that the search for more specific and precise ligands is utterly necessary. In this paper we hypothesized that by targeting Glu291, Met295, Trp98, Leu45 and Val189 amino acids, essential in the binding of CCR2 with C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), the endogenous substrate, mitigates its activity in TBI. We used a pharmacophore model to screen for suitable ligands that may bind to CCR2, which returned 871 ligands. Docking and molecular dynamics results uncovered that two ligands (A102) and (A435) contained several of those important residues and showed a stability and compactness when in complex with CCR2, with these results confirmed by MMGBSA calculations with A102 recording a better interaction compared to A435. Finally, a PPI network was built to explore downstream signaling being regulated by both ligands in TBI, showing amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a key target and neuroactive-ligand receptor interaction (1.80E-27) the top functional annotated category. In conclusion, for the first time we report novel ligands A102 and A435 targeting CCR2 as a potential new pharmacological approach to target inflammation post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian R Sachdev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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10
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Gao L, Yang WY, Qi H, Sun CJ, Qin XM, Du GH. Unveiling the anti-senescence effects and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inhibitory mechanisms of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in low glucose-induced astrocytes based on boolean network. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153990. [PMID: 35202958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes senescence has been demonstrated in the aging brain and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, lower glucose metabolism has been confirmed in the early stage of AD. However, whether low glucose could induce astrocytes senescence remain ambiguous. Studies have shown that the ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SGE) exert neuroprotective and anti-aging effects, while whether SGE could delay astrocytes senescence was unclear. PURPOSE This study investigated the anti-senescence effect of SGE in low glucose-induced T98G cells and primary astrocytes, and explored the possible mechanisms based on boolean network. METHODS The neuroprotective effects of SGE in low glucose-induced T98G cells were evaluated by measurement of cell viability, LDH, ROS and ATP. The anti-senescence effects of SGE were investigated by detection of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cell cycle and senescence-related markers. The possible mechanisms of SGE in delaying astrocytes senescence were discovered through integrating transcriptomics with boolean network, and validation experiments were further performed. RESULTS Our results revealed that low glucose could induce astrocytes senescence, and SGE could delay astrocytes senescence by decreasing the staining rate of SA-β-gal, reducing secretions of SASP factors (IL-6, CXCL1, MMP-1), alleviating cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, decreasing the formation of punctate DNA foci and down-regulating the expression of p16INK4A, p21 and γH2A.X. Transcriptomics and further verification results showed that SGE could markedly inhibit the mRNA expression levels of SASP factors (CXCL10, CXCL2, CCL2, IL-6, CXCR4, CCR7). Moreover, C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) was predicted to be the key SASP factor affecting the network stability by using boolean network. Further experiments validated that SGE could markedly reduce CXCL10 level, decrease the secretion of IL-6 and inhibit cell migration in CXCL10 induced primary astrocytes. CONCLUSION In summary, our research unmasks that the anti-senescence effects of SGE were highly correlated with the suppression of SASP secretions, and CXCL10 mediated the SASP inhibition effect of SGE in low glucose-induced astrocytes. Our study highlights that the delay of astrocytes senescence and the inhibition of SASP might be a new mechanism of SGE for alleviating neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Wu-Yan Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Sun
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Research into TBI biomarkers has accelerated rapidly in the past decade owing to the heterogeneous nature of TBI pathologies and management, which pose challenges to TBI evaluation, management, and prognosis. TBI biomarker proteins resulting from axonal, neuronal, or glial cell injuries are widely used and have been extensively studied. However, they might not pass the blood-brain barrier with sufficient amounts to be detected in peripheral blood specimens, and further might not be detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid owing to flow limitations triggered by the injury itself. Despite the advances in TBI research, there is an unmet clinical need to develop and identify novel TBI biomarkers that entirely correlate with TBI pathologies on the molecular level, including mild TBI, and further enable physicians to predict patient outcomes and allow researchers to test neuroprotective agents to limit the extents of injury. Although the extracellular vesicles have been identified and studied long ago, they have recently been revisited and repurposed as potential TBI biomarkers that overcome the many limitations of the traditional blood and CSF assays. Animal and human experiments demonstrated the accuracy of several types of exosomes and miRNAs in detecting mild, moderate, and severe TBI. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the traditional TBI biomarkers that are helpful in clinical practice. Also, we highlight the emerging roles of exosomes and miRNA being the promising candidates under investigation of current research.
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McGovern AJ, González J, Ramírez D, Barreto GE. Identification of HMGCR, PPGARG and prohibitin as potential druggable targets of dihydrotestosterone for treatment against traumatic brain injury using system pharmacology. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108721. [PMID: 35344815 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has long-term devastating effects for which there is no accurate and effective treatment for inflammation and chronic oxidative stress. As a disease that affects multiple signalling pathways, the search for a drug with a broader spectrum of pharmacological action is of clinical interest. The fact that endocrine disruption (e.g hypogonadism) has been observed in TBI patients suggests that endogenous therapy with testosterone, or its more androgenic derivative, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), may attenuate, at least in part, the TBI-induced inflammation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are still not completely clear. AIMS AND METHODS In this study, the main aim was to investigate proteins that may be related to the pathophysiological mechanism of TBI and also be pharmacological targets of DHT in order to explore a possible therapy with this androgen using network pharmacology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified 2.700 proteins related to TBI and 1.567 that are potentially molecular targets of DHT. Functional enrichment analysis showed that steroid (p-value: 2.1-22), lipid metabolism (p-value: 2.8-21) and apoptotic processes (p-value: 5.2-21) are mainly altered in TBI. Furthermore, being mitochondrion an organelle involved on these molecular processes we next identified that out of 32 mitochondrial-related proteins 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPGARG) and prohibitin are those found highly regulated in the network and potential targets of DHT in TBI. In conclusion, the identification of these cellular nodes may prove to be essential as targets of DHT for therapy against post-TBI inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McGovern
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Kalra S, Banderwal R, Arora K, Kumar S, Singh G, Chawla PA, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Dhiman A. An update on pathophysiology and treatment of sports-mediated brain injury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16786-16798. [PMID: 34994929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological disorder which represents a major health issue worldwide. It causes mortality and disability among all group ages, caused by external force, sports-related events or violence and road traffic accidents. In the USA, approximately one-third people die annually due to injury and 1.7 million people suffer from traumatic brain injury. Every year in India around 1.6 million individuals suffer from sustain brain injury with 200,000 deaths and approximately one million person needed recovery treatment at any stage of time. Sports-related head impact and trauma has become an extremely controversial public health and medico-legal problem that accounts for 20% of all brain injury (including concussion). It is difficult to reverse the primary injury but the secondary injury can be minimized by using proper pharmacological intervention during the initial hours of injury. This article highlights the pathophysiology and types of TBI along with treatment therapies. Till date, there is no single medication that can decrease the progression of the disease so that symptomatic treatment is given to the patient by determining proper pathology. Recently various herbal medicine therapies and traditional supplements have been developed for TBI. Nutritional supplementation and nutraceuticals have exposed potential in the treatment of TBI when used before and after TBI. The compiled data will enable the readers to know the pathophysiology as well as the allopathic and natural remedies to treat the TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rittu Banderwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kaushal Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Anju Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Wu YH, Rosset S, Lee TR, Dragunow M, Park T, Shim V. In Vitro Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2336-2372. [PMID: 33563092 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health challenge that is also the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is also the leading cause of long-term disability in children and young adults worldwide. Despite a large body of research using predominantly in vivo and in vitro rodent models of brain injury, there is no medication that can reduce brain damage or promote brain repair mainly due to our lack of understanding in the mechanisms and pathophysiology of the TBI. The aim of this review is to examine in vitro TBI studies conducted from 2008-2018 to better understand the TBI in vitro model available in the literature. Specifically, our focus was to perform a detailed analysis of the in vitro experimental protocols used and their subsequent biological findings. Our review showed that the uniaxial stretch is the most frequently used way of load application, accounting for more than two-thirds of the studies reviewed. The rate and magnitude of the loading were varied significantly from study to study but can generally be categorized into mild, moderate, and severe injuries. The in vitro studies reviewed here examined key processes in TBI pathophysiology such as membrane disruptions leading to ionic dysregulation, inflammation, and the subsequent damages to the microtubules and axons, as well as cell death. Overall, the studies examined in this review contributed to the betterment of our understanding of TBI as a disease process. Yet, our review also revealed the areas where more work needs to be done such as: 1) diversification of load application methods that will include complex loading that mimics in vivo head impacts; 2) more widespread use of human brain cells, especially patient-matched human cells in the experimental set-up; and 3) need for building a more high-throughput system to be able to discover effective therapeutic targets for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Wu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Center for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel Rosset
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tae-Rin Lee
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Center for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Park
- Center for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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des Rieux A. Stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as natural and bioinspired carriers for the treatment of neurological disorders. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Role of Neuroglobin in the Neuroprotective Actions of Estradiol and Estrogenic Compounds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081907. [PMID: 34440676 PMCID: PMC8391807 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol exerts neuroprotective actions that are mediated by the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways and homeostatic molecules. Among these is neuroglobin, which is upregulated by estradiol and translocated to the mitochondria to sustain neuronal and glial cell adaptation to injury. In this paper, we will discuss the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective mechanisms elicited by estradiol acting on neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We will also consider the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective actions of clinically relevant synthetic steroids, such as tibolone. Finally, the possible contribution of the estrogenic regulation of neuroglobin to the generation of sex differences in brain pathology and the potential application of neuroglobin as therapy against neurological diseases will be examined.
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17
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Gao L, Zheng WG, Wu XK, Du GH, Qin XM. Baicalein Delays H 2O 2-Induced Astrocytic Senescence through Inhibition of Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), Suppression of JAK2/STAT1/NF-κB Pathway, and Regulation of Leucine Metabolism. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2320-2335. [PMID: 34152720 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein is an active ingredient extracted from the dried roots of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It has been demonstrated to improve memory impairment in multiple animal models; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. The accumulation of senescent astrocytes and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secreted by senescent astrocytes has been deemed as potential contributors to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study explored the protective effects of baicalein against astrocyte senescence and investigated the molecular mechanisms and metabolic mechanisms of baicalein against astrocyte senescence. Our results demonstrated that treatment with baicalein protects T98G cells from H2O2-induced damage, delays cell senescence, inhibits the secretion of SASP (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CXCL1, and MMP-1), and inhibits SASP-related pathways NF-κB and JAK2/STAT1. 1H NMR metabolomics analysis and correlation analysis revealed that leucine was significantly correlated with SASP factors. Further study demonstrated that supplement with leucine could restrain SASP secretion, and baicalein could significantly increase leucine level through down-regulation of BCAT1 and up-regulation of SLC7A5 expression. The above results revealed that baicalein exerted protective and antisenescence effects in H2O2-induced T98G cells possibly through inhibition of SASP, suppression of JAK2/STAT1/NF-κB pathway, and regulation of leucine metabolism. Consistent results were obtained in primary astrocytes of newborn SD rats, which suggests that baicalein significantly increases viabilities, delays senescence, inhibits IL-6 secretion, and increases leucine level in H2O2-induced primary astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wen-ge Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xing-kang Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guan-hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue-mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
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18
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Extracellular vesicles isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells primed with neurotrophic factors and signaling modifiers as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 69:103286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Connecting the Dots in the Neuroglobin-Protein Interaction Network of an Unstressed and Ferroptotic Cell Death Neuroblastoma Model. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080873. [PMID: 31405213 PMCID: PMC6721670 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin is a heme protein of which increased levels provide neuroprotection against amyloid proteinopathy and hemorrhagic damage. These cellular stressors involve the promotion of ferroptosis—an iron-dependent, lipid peroxide-accreting form of cell death. Hence, we questioned whether neuroglobin could oppose ferroptosis initiation. We detected human neuroglobin (hNgb)-EGFP-expressing SH-SY5Y cells to be significantly more resistant to ferroptosis induction, identifying 0.68-fold less cell death. To elucidate the underlying pathways, this study investigated hNgb-protein interactions with a Co-IP-MS/MS approach both under a physiological and a ferroptotic condition. hNgb binds to proteins of the cellular iron metabolism (e.g., RPL15 and PCBP3) in an unstressed condition and shows an elevated binding ratio towards cell death-linked proteins, such as HNRNPA3, FAM120A, and ABRAXAS2, under ferroptotic stress. Our data also reveal a constitutive interaction between hNgb and the longevity-associated heterodimer XRCC5/XRCC6. Disentangling the involvement of hNgb and its binding partners in cellular processes, using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, resulted in the integration of hNgb in the ubiquitination pathway, mTOR signaling, 14-3-3-mediated signaling, and the glycolysis cascade. We also detected a previously unknown strong link with motor neuropathies. Hence, this study contributes to the elucidation of neuroglobin’s involvement in cellular mechanisms that provide neuroprotection and the upkeep of homeostasis.
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20
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González-Giraldo Y, Garzón-Benitez AV, Forero DA, Barreto GE. TERT inhibition leads to reduction of IL-6 expression induced by palmitic acid and interferes with the protective effects of tibolone in an astrocytic cell model. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12768. [PMID: 31278797 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been shown that telomerase has neuroprotective effects, mainly as a result of its non-canonical functions in neuronal cells, its role with respect to glial cells remains unknown. There is growing evidence indicating that telomerase plays an important role with respect to inflammation, especially in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of telomerase in an astrocyte cell model treated with palmitic acid (PA) and tibolone. Cell death, reactive oxygen species production and interleukin-6 expression were evaluated under telomerase inhibition with the BIBR1532 compound in T98G cells treated with tibolone and PA, using fluorometry, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained showed that telomerase protein was increased by PA after 36 hours, alone or in combination with tibolone, and that its activity was affected by PA. Telomerase inhibition reduced interleukin-6 expression and it interfered with the protective effects of tibolone on cell death. Moreover, tibolone increased Tyr707 phosphorylation in PA-treated cells. In the present study, we provide novel findings about the regulation of telomerase by PA and tibolone. Telomerase was involved in inflammation by PA and in protective effects of tibolone. Therefore, we conclude that telomerase could play a dual role in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Angie V Garzón-Benitez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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21
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Keshavarzi Z, Shakeri F, Barreto GE, Bibak B, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Medicinal plants in traumatic brain injury: Neuroprotective mechanisms revisited. Biofactors 2019; 45:517-535. [PMID: 31206893 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most prevalent health problem affecting all age groups, and leads to many secondary problems in other organs especially kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and heart function. In this review, the search terms were TBI, fluid percussion injury, cold injury, weight drop impact acceleration injury, lateral fluid percussion, cortical impact injury, and blast injury. Studies with Actaea racemosa, Artemisia annua, Aframomum melegueta, Carthamus tinctorius, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crocus sativus, Cnidium monnieri, Curcuma longa, Gastrodia elata, Malva sylvestris, Da Chuanxiong Formula, Erigeron breviscapus, Panax ginseng, Salvia tomentosa, Satureja khuzistanica, Nigella sativa, Drynaria fortune, Dracaena cochinchinensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rheum tanguticum, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma zedoaria show a significant decrease in neuronal injury by different mechanisms such as increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin 1 (IL-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and IL-6 expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants in central nervous system pathologies by reviewing the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8157-8167. [PMID: 31197655 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurologic complications are commonly regarded as irreversible impairments that stem from limited potential of regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). On the other side, the regenerative potential of stem cells has been evaluated in basic research, as well as in preclinical studies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been regarded as candidate cell sources for therapeutic purposes of various neurological disorders, because of their self-renewal ability, plasticity in differentiation, neurotrophic characteristics, and immunomodulatory properties. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles which can deliver biological information over long distances and thereby influencing normal and abnormal processes in cells and tissues. The therapeutic capacity of exosomes relies on the type of cell, as well as on the physiological condition of a given cell. Therefore, based on tissue type and physiological condition of CNS, exosomes may function as contributors or suppressors of pathological conditions in this tissue. When it comes to the therapeutic viewpoint, the most promising cellular source of exosomes is considered to be MSCs. The aim of this review article is to discuss the current knowledge around the potential of stem cells and MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Maguire G, Paler L, Green L, Mella R, Valcarcel M, Villace P. Rescue of degenerating neurons and cells by stem cell released molecules: using a physiological renormalization strategy. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14072. [PMID: 31050222 PMCID: PMC6497969 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that adult stem cell types and progenitor cells act collectively in a given tissue to maintain and heal organs, such as muscle, through a release of a multitude of molecules packaged into exosomes from the different cell types. Using this principle for the development of bioinspired therapeutics that induces homeostatic renormalization, here we show that the collection of molecules released from four cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblast, neural stem cells, and astrocytes, rescues degenerating neurons and cells. Specifically, oxidative stress induced in a human recombinant TDP-43- or FUS-tGFP U2OS cell line by exposure to sodium arsenite was shown to be significantly reduced by our collection of molecules using in vitro imaging of FUS and TDP-43 stress granules. Furthermore, we also show that the collective secretome rescues cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity as evidenced by increased neurite outgrowth, reduced LDH release, and reduced caspase 3/7 activity. These data are the first in a series supporting the development of stem cell-based exosome systems therapeutics that uses a physiological renormalization strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Maguire
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Auditory Sound Waves, LLCSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Lee Paler
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Auditory Sound Waves, LLCSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Linda Green
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
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24
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Baez-Jurado E, Hidalgo-Lanussa O, Barrera-Bailón B, Sahebkar A, Ashraf GM, Echeverria V, Barreto GE. Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Protective Effects on Brain Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6902-6927. [PMID: 30941733 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a fundamental role in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. There is strong evidence showing that much of the beneficial effects of these cells are due to the secretion of bioactive molecules-besides microRNAs, hormones, and neurotrophins-with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, angiogenic, and trophic effects. These factors have been reported by many studies to possess protective effects on the nervous tissue. Although the beneficial effects of the secretory factors of MSCs have been suggested for various neurological diseases, their actions on astrocytic cells are not well understood. Hence, it is important to recognize the specific effects of MSCs derived from adipose tissue, in addition to the differences presented by the secretome, depending on the source and methods of analysis. In this paper, the different sources of MSCs and their main characteristics are described, as well as the most significant advances in regeneration and protection provided by the secretome of MSCs. Also, we discuss the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of action of the MSC-derived biomolecules, with special emphasis on the effect of MSCs derived from adipose tissue and their impact on glial cells and brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez-Jurado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Biviana Barrera-Bailón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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25
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Mitochondrial Neuroglobin Is Necessary for Protection Induced by Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Astrocytic Cells Subjected to Scratch and Metabolic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5167-5187. [PMID: 30536184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized cells capable of regulating inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury. In addition to playing an important role in neuroinflammation, these cells regulate essential functions for the preservation of brain tissue. Therefore, the search for therapeutic alternatives to preserve these cells and maintain their functions contributes in some way to counteract the progress of the injury and maintain neuronal survival in various brain pathologies. Among these strategies, the conditioned medium from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) has been reported with a potential beneficial effect against several neuropathologies. In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of CM-hMSCA in a model of human astrocytes (T98G cells) subjected to scratch injury. Our findings demonstrated that CM-hMSCA regulates the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, downregulates calcium at the cytoplasmic level, and regulates mitochondrial dynamics and the respiratory chain. These actions are accompanied by modulation of the expression of different proteins involved in signaling pathways such as AKT/pAKT and ERK1/2/pERK, and may mediate the localization of neuroglobin (Ngb) at the cellular level. We also confirmed that Ngb mediated the protective effects of CM-hMSCA through regulation of proteins involved in survival pathways and oxidative stress. In conclusion, regulation of brain inflammation combined with the recovery of fundamental cellular aspects in the face of injury makes CM-hMSCA a promising candidate for the protection of astrocytes in brain pathologies.
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26
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Role of GTPases in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Alzheimer's Disease and CNS-Related Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4530-4538. [PMID: 30338485 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Data obtained from several studies have shown that mitochondria are involved and play a central role in the progression of several distinct pathological conditions. Morphological alterations and disruptions on the functionality of mitochondria may be related to metabolic and energy deficiency in neurons in a neurodegenerative disorder. Several recent studies demonstrate the linkage between neurodegeneration and mitochondrial dynamics in the spectrum of a promising era called precision mitochondrial medicine. In this review paper, an analysis of the correlation between mitochondria, Alzheimer's disease, and other central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders like the Parkinson's disease and the autism spectrum disorder is under discussion. The role of GTPases like the mfn1, mfn2, opa1, and dlp1 in mitochondrial fission and fusion is also under investigation, influencing mitochondrial population and leading to oxidative stress and neuronal damage.
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27
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Areiza-Mazo N, Robles J, Zamudio-Rodriguez JA, Giraldez L, Echeverria V, Barrera-Bailon B, Aliev G, Sahebkar A, Ashraf GM, Barreto GE. Extracts of Physalis peruviana Protect Astrocytic Cells Under Oxidative Stress With Rotenone. Front Chem 2018; 6:276. [PMID: 30175092 PMCID: PMC6108337 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants to counteract the oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases has steadily increased over the last few years. However, the rationale for using these natural compounds and their therapeutic benefit are not well explored. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different Physalis peruviana extracts on astrocytic cells (T98G) subjected to oxidative damage induced by rotenone. Extracts of fresh and dehydrated fruits of the plant with different polarities were prepared and tested in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of fresh fruits (EF) and acetone-dehydrated fruit extract (AD) increased cell viability, reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, we observed a significant reduction in mitochondrial mass when rotenone-treated cells were co-treated with EF and AD. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in the percentage of cells with fragmented/condensed nuclei and increased expression of endogenous antioxidant defense survival proteins such as ERK1/2. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ethanolic and acetone extracts from P. peruviana are potential medicinal plant extracts to overcome oxidative damage induced by neurotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Areiza-Mazo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Robles
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo A Zamudio-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lisandro Giraldez
- Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, FL, United States
| | - Biviana Barrera-Bailon
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States.,School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, United States
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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28
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Van Acker ZP, Luyckx E, Dewilde S. Neuroglobin Expression in the Brain: a Story of Tissue Homeostasis Preservation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2101-2122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Growth Factors and Neuroglobin in Astrocyte Protection Against Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2339-2351. [PMID: 29982985 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer, are among the main public health issues in the world due to their effects on life quality and high mortality rates. Although neuronal death is the main cause of disruption in the central nervous system (CNS) elicited by these pathologies, other cells such as astrocytes are also affected. There is no treatment for preventing the cellular death during neurodegenerative processes, and current drug therapy is focused on decreasing the associated motor symptoms. For these reasons, it has been necessary to seek new therapeutical procedures, including the use of growth factors to reduce α-synuclein toxicity and misfolding in order to recover neuronal cells and astrocytes. Additionally, it has been shown that some growth factors are able to reduce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with neuronal death through activation of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and neuroglobin. In the present review, we discuss the use of growth factors such as PDGF-BB, VEGF, BDNF, and the antioxidative enzyme neuroglobin in the protection of astrocytes and neurons during the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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30
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Kosenko EA, Tikhonova LA, Montoliu C, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Kaminsky YG. Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:728. [PMID: 29354027 PMCID: PMC5760569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of non-soluble amyloid β peptides (Aβ) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary cause initiating a pathogenic cascade leading to the complex multilayered pathology and clinical manifestation of the disease. It is, therefore, not surprising that the search for mechanisms underlying cognitive changes observed in AD has focused exclusively on the brain and Aβ-inducing synaptic and dendritic loss, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. However, since Aβ depositions were found in normal non-demented elderly people and in many other pathological conditions, the amyloid cascade hypothesis was modified to claim that intraneuronal accumulation of soluble Aβ oligomers, rather than monomer or insoluble amyloid fibrils, is the first step of a fatal cascade in AD. Since a characteristic reduction of cerebral perfusion and energy metabolism occurs in patients with AD it is suggested that capillary distortions commonly found in AD brain elicit hemodynamic changes that alter the delivery and transport of essential nutrients, particularly glucose and oxygen to neuronal and glial cells. Another important factor in tissue oxygenation is the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to transport and deliver oxygen to tissues, which are first of all dependent on the RBC antioxidant and energy metabolism, which finally regulates the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. In the present review, we consider the possibility that metabolic and antioxidant defense alterations in the circulating erythrocyte population can influence oxygen delivery to the brain, and that these changes might be a primary mechanism triggering the glucose metabolism disturbance resulting in neurobiological changes observed in the AD brain, possibly related to impaired cognitive function. We also discuss the possibility of using erythrocyte biochemical aberrations as potential tools that will help identify a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Institute Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yury G Kaminsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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31
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Baez-Jurado E, Hidalgo-Lanussa O, Guio-Vega G, Ashraf GM, Echeverria V, Aliev G, Barreto GE. Conditioned Medium of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Wound Closure and Protects Human Astrocytes Following Scratch Assay In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5377-5392. [PMID: 28936798 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes perform essential functions in the preservation of neural tissue. For this reason, these cells can respond with changes in gene expression, hypertrophy, and proliferation upon a traumatic brain injury event (TBI). Different therapeutic strategies may be focused on preserving astrocyte functions and favor a non-generalized and non-sustained protective response over time post-injury. A recent strategy has been the use of the conditioned medium of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various neuropathologies. However, although there is a lot of information about its effect on neuronal protection, studies on astrocytes are scarce and its specific action in glial cells is not well explored. In the present study, the effects of CM-hMSCA on human astrocytes subjected to scratch assay were assessed. Our findings indicated that CM-hMSCA improved cell viability, reduced nuclear fragmentation, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects were accompanied by morphological changes and an increased polarity index thus reflecting the ability of astrocytes to migrate to the wound stimulated by CM-hMSCA. In conclusion, CM-hMSCA may be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the protection of astrocyte function in brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez-Jurado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Gina Guio-Vega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.,Fac. Cs de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia.,GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. .,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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32
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González-Giraldo Y, Garcia-Segura LM, Echeverria V, Barreto GE. Tibolone Preserves Mitochondrial Functionality and Cell Morphology in Astrocytic Cells Treated with Palmitic Acid. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4453-4462. [PMID: 28667487 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with increased chronic neuroinflammation and augmented risk of neurodegeneration. This is worsened during the normal aging process when the levels of endogenous gonadal hormones are reduced. In this study, we have assessed the protective actions of tibolone, a synthetic steroid with estrogenic actions, on T98G human astrocytic cells exposed to palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid used to mimic obesity in vitro. Tibolone improved cell survival, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential in palmitic acid-treated astrocytic cells. Although we did not find significant actions of tibolone on free radical production, it modulated astrocytic morphology after treatment with palmitic acid. These data suggest that tibolone protects astrocytic cells by preserving both mitochondrial functionality and morphological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Fac. Cs de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile.,Bay Pines VA Health Care System, 10,000 Bay Pines Blvd, Bldg 23, Rm 123, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. .,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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