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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Solis-Urra P, Arroyo-Ávila C, Álvarez-Ortega M, Molina-García P, Molina-Hidalgo C, Gómez-Río M, Brown B, Erickson KI, Esteban-Cornejo I. Physical activity and amyloid beta in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:133-144. [PMID: 37558161 PMCID: PMC10980893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ). Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk, and one potential path could be through Aβ levels modulation. We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβ in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28, 2022. Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβ data in adults aged 45 years or older. Multi-level meta-analyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβ levels. RESULTS In total, 37 articles were included (8 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized controlled trials, 4 prospective longitudinal studies, and 22 cross-sectional studies). The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβ was medium (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.69, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -1.41 to 0.03; I2 = 74.6%). However, these results were not statistically significant, and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain Aβ. Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβ in the brain using positron emission tomography scans, CSF, and blood. Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβ only in the CSF (Estimate r = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.05-0.18; I2 = 38.00%). CONCLUSION Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβ in middle-aged and older adults. However, results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies. In observational studies, higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβ only in CSF. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain, CSF, and blood Aβ, as well as its implication for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, GD 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Cristina Arroyo-Ávila
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Miriam Álvarez-Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina-García
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Gómez-Río
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Belinda Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Advent Health Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute Orlando, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Research Center (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Ebrahimzadeh Peer M, Fallahmohammadi Z, Akbari A. The effect of progressive endurance training and extract of black winter truffle on proteins levels and expression of hippocampus α-synuclein and HSF1 in the healthy and diabetic rats. Metabol Open 2023; 17:100232. [PMID: 36785616 PMCID: PMC9918783 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The research aimed to investigate the effect of endurance running and T. Brumale extract on α-Syn and HSF1 in the brain and serum of healthy and diabetic rats. Methods A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups: Control (C), Exercise (E), Control-Tuber (T), Exercise-Tuber (ET), Control-Diabetes (D), Exercise-Diabetes (ED), Control-Diabetes-Tuber (CDT), and Exercise-Diabetes-Tuber (EDT). The endurance running was carried out five times per week for five weeks. The hippocampus and the serum α-Syn and HSF1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The brain α-Syn levels were higher in diabetic groups than in the healthy groups, but insignificantly (P ≤ 0.05). The brain α-Syn level significantly increased in the EDT group compared to the T group (P ≤ 0.05). The serum level of α-Syn in the ED group was significantly higher than in the E and D groups (P ≤ 0.05). The brain HSF1 level was significantly higher in the ED group compared to the D group (P ≤ 0.05). The gene expression of hsf1 was significantly reduced in the E group compared to the other groups and the EDT group compared to ED and CDT groups (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the serum HSF1 level significantly increased in the ED group compared to the D group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that progressive endurance running may improve neuroprotective conditions in diabetic patients by increasing HSF1 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ebrahimzadeh Peer
- Exercise Physiology Department, Sports Sciences Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Ziya Fallahmohammadi
- Exercise Physiology Department, Sports Sciences Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran Province, Iran,Corresponding author
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Physiology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran
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Artini PG, Scarfò G, Marzi I, Fusi J, Obino ME, Franzoni F, Zappelli E, Chelucci E, Martini C, Cela V, Daniele S. Oxidative Stress-Related Signaling Pathways Predict Oocytes' Fertilization In Vitro and Embryo Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13442. [PMID: 36362229 PMCID: PMC9654514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte development and fertilization are largely influenced by the microenvironment of the follicular fluid (FF), and the exploration of its molecular/metabolic composition may help in improving in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Here, the concentrations of molecules related to oxidative stress/inflammation were measured in FF from follicles at oocyte retrieval during IVF. Here, the FF antioxidant potential was correlated with the number of retrieved/mature oocytes and the number of fertilized ones. FF collected from the follicles of normal fertilized oocytes presented an elevated antioxidant capability, lower levels of pro-inflammatory molecules (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TGF-β, and HIF-1α), and a higher IL-10 concentration. FF samples from follicles at oocyte retrieval that resulted in top-quality embryos displayed a peculiar antioxidant capability and a further decrease in proinflammatory molecules when compared with FF, giving rise to poor-quality embryos. Finally, pro-inflammatory molecules were lower and accompanied by a high antioxidant capability in samples giving rise to successful embryo implantation. The antioxidant capability and IL-10 displayed a good predictive ability for fertilization and embryo quality. Overall, our data showed the great influence of oxidative stress on the oocytes' fertilization, and shed light on the importance of controlling the inflammatory and oxidative status of FF to obtain good-quality embryos with significant implantation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giovanni Artini
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzi
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Obino
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Zappelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Chelucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vito Cela
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Fertility Impairment after Trekking at High Altitude: A Proof of Mechanisms on Redox and Metabolic Seminal Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169066. [PMID: 36012330 PMCID: PMC9409093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many authors described negative but reversible effects of high-altitude hypoxic exposure on animal and human fertility in terms of sperm concentration, function, and biochemical alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of high-altitude exposure on classical sperm parameters, redox status, and membrane composition in a group of travellers. Five healthy Italian males, all lowlanders not accustomed to the altitude, were evaluated after 19 days-trekking through low, moderate, and high altitudes in the Himalayas. Sperm samples were collected before (Pre), 10 days after (Post), and 70 days after the end of the expedition (Follow-up). Sperm concentration, cholesterol and oxysterol membrane content, and redox status were measured. Hypoxic trek led to a significant reduction in sperm concentration (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.91), with a reduction from Pre to Post (71.33 ± 38.81 to 60.65 ± 34.63 × 106/mL) and a further reduction at Follow-up (to 37.13 ± 39.17 × 106/mL). The seminal volume was significantly affected by the hypoxic trek (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.75) with a significant reduction from Pre to Post (2.86 ± 0.75 to 1.68 ± 0.49 mL) and with partial recovery at Follow-up (to 2.46 ± 0.45 mL). Moreover, subjects had an increase in ROS production (+86%), and a decrease in antioxidant capacity (−37%) in the Post period with partial recovery at Follow-up. These results integrated the hormonal response on thyroid function, hypothalamus−pituitary−gonadal axis, and the prolactin/cortisol pathways previously reported. An uncontrolled ROS production, rather than a compromised antioxidant activity, was likely the cause of impaired sperm quality. The reduction in fertility status observed in this study may lie in an evolutionary Darwinian explanation, i.e., limiting reproduction due to the “adaptive disadvantage” offered by the combined stressors of high-altitude hypoxia and daily physical exercise.
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Piccarducci R, Caselli MC, Zappelli E, Ulivi L, Daniele S, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R, Mancuso M, Baldacci F, Martini C. The Role of Amyloid-β, Tau, and α-Synuclein Proteins as Putative Blood Biomarkers in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1039-1049. [PMID: 35964181 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) within brain blood vessels that develops in elderly people and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Therefore, the investigation of biomarkers able to differentiate CAA patients from AD patients and healthy controls (HC) is of great interest, in particular in peripheral fluids. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to detect the neurodegenerative disease (ND)-related protein (i.e., Aβ 1 - 40, Aβ 1 - 42, tau, and α-synuclein) levels in both red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma of CAA patients and HC, evaluating their role as putative peripheral biomarkers for CAA. METHODS For this purpose, the proteins' concentration was quantified in RBCs and plasma by homemade immunoenzymatic assays in an exploratory cohort of 20 CAA patients and 20 HC. RESULTS The results highlighted a significant increase of Aβ 1 - 40 and α-synuclein concentrations in both RBCs and plasma of CAA patients, while higher Aβ 1 - 42 and t-tau levels were detected only in RBCs of CAA individuals compared to HC. Moreover, Aβ 1 - 42/Aβ 1 - 40 ratio increased in RBCs and decreased in plasma of CAA patients. The role of these proteins as candidate peripheral biomarkers easily measurable with a blood sample in CAA needs to be confirmed in larger studies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we provide evidence concerning the possible use of blood biomarkers for contributing to CAA diagnosis and differentiation from other NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Caselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Ulivi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Zappelli E, Daniele S, Ceccarelli L, Vergassola M, Ragni L, Mangano G, Martini C. α-glyceryl-phosphoryl-ethanolamine protects human hippocampal neurons from aging-induced cellular alterations. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4514-4528. [PMID: 35902984 PMCID: PMC9545488 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain ageing has been related to a decrease in cellular metabolism, to an accumulation of misfolded proteins and to an alteration of the lipid membrane composition. These alterations act as contributive aspects of age‐related memory decline by reducing membrane excitability and neurotransmitter release. In this sense, precursors of phospholipids (PLs) can restore the physiological composition of cellular membranes and ameliorate the cellular defects associated with brain ageing. In particular, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) have been shown to restore mitochondrial function, reduce the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and, at the same time, provide the amount of acetylcholine needed to reduce memory deficit. Among PL precursors, alpha‐glycerylphosphorylethanolamine (GPE) has shown to protect astrocytes from Aβ injuries and to slow‐down ageing of human neural stem cells. GPE has been evaluated in aged human hippocampal neurons, which are implicated in learning and memory, and constitute a good in vitro model to investigate the beneficial properties of GPE. In order to mimic cellular ageing, the cells have been maintained 21 days in vitro and challenged with GPE. Results of the present paper showed GPE ability to increase PE and PC content, glucose uptake and the activity of the chain respiratory complex I and of the GSK‐3β pathway. Moreover, the nootropic compound showed an increase in the transcriptional/protein levels of neurotrophic and well‐being related genes. Finally, GPE counteracted the accumulation of ageing‐related misfolded proteins (a‐synuclein and tau). Overall, our data underline promising effects of GPE in counteracting cellular alterations related to brain ageing and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorella Ragni
- Global R&D PLCM -Angelini Pharma S.p.A, Ancona, Italy
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Sexton CE, Anstey KJ, Baldacci F, Barnum CJ, Barron AM, Blennow K, Brodaty H, Burnham S, Elahi FM, Götz J, Jeon YH, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Landau SM, Lautenschlager NT, Laws SM, Lipnicki DM, Lu H, Masters CL, Moyle W, Nakamura A, Pasinetti GM, Rao N, Rowe C, Sachdev PS, Schofield PR, Sigurdsson EM, Smith K, Srikanth V, Szoeke C, Tansey MG, Whitmer R, Wilcock D, Wong TY, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Alzheimer's disease research progress in Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Sydney. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:178-190. [PMID: 34058063 PMCID: PMC9396711 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association International Conference held its sixth Satellite Symposium in Sydney, Australia in 2019, highlighting the leadership of Australian researchers in advancing the understanding of and treatment developments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. This leadership includes the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which has fueled the identification and development of many biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Two multimodal lifestyle intervention studies have been launched in Australia; and Australian researchers have played leadership roles in other global studies in diverse populations. Australian researchers have also played an instrumental role in efforts to understand mechanisms underlying vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia; and through the Women's Healthy Aging Project have elucidated hormonal and other factors that contribute to the increased risk of AD in women. Alleviating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia has also been a strong research and clinical focus in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna M. Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Burnham
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fanny M. Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus (Brisbane), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Sciences, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M. Landau
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicola T. Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Darren M. Lipnicki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, Australia
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Biomarker Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISSMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Naren Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Christopher Rowe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Einar M. Sigurdsson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kate Smith
- Centre for Aboriginal Medical and Dental Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Malú G. Tansey
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Normal Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Whitmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Donna Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, Pennsylvania, USA
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Li XY, Li W, Li X, Li XR, Sun L, Yang W, Cai Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Wang C, Yu S. Alterations of Erythrocytic Phosphorylated Alpha-Synuclein in Different Subtypes and Stages of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:623977. [PMID: 34658833 PMCID: PMC8511781 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.623977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine 129-phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (pS-α-syn) is a major form of α-syn relevant to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), which has been recently detected in red blood cells (RBCs). However, alterations of RBC-derived pS-α-syn (pS-α-syn-RBC) in different subtypes and stages of PD remains to be investigated. In the present study, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure pS-α-syn-RBC, we demonstrated significantly higher levels of pS-α-syn-RBC in PD patients than in healthy controls. pS-α-syn-RBC separated the patients well from the controls, with a sensitivity of 93.39% (95% CI: 90.17-95.81%), a specificity of 93.11% (95% CI: 89.85-95.58%), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96. Considering motor subtypes, the levels of pS-α-syn-RBC were significantly higher in late-onset than young-onset PD (p = 0.013) and in those with postural instability and gait difficulty than with tremor-dominant (TD) phenotype (p = 0.029). In addition, the levels of pS-α-syn-RBC were also different in non-motor subtypes, which were significantly lower in patients with cognitive impairment (p = 0.012) and olfactory loss (p = 0.004) than in those without such symptoms. Moreover, the levels of pS-α-syn-RBC in PD patients were positively correlated with disease duration and Hoehn & Yahr stages (H&Y) (p for trend =0.02 and <0.001) as well as UPDRS III (R 2 = 0.031, p = 0.0042) and MoCA scores (R 2 = 0.048, p = 0.0004). The results obtained suggest that pS-α-syn-RBC can be used as a potential biomarker for not only separating PD patients from healthy controls but also predicting the subtypes and stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Ran Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linjuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Nirmalraj PN, Schneider T, Felbecker A. Spatial organization of protein aggregates on red blood cells as physical biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2137. [PMID: 34559561 PMCID: PMC8462905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying physical differences of protein aggregates implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in blood, could provide crucial information on disease stages. Here, red blood cells (RBCs) from 50 patients with neurocognitive complaints and 16 healthy individuals were profiled using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM measurements revealed patient age– and stage of neurocognitive disorder–dependent differences in size, shape, morphology, assembly, and prevalence of protein aggregates on RBCs, referred to as physical biomarkers. Crystals composed of fibrils were exclusively detected on RBCs for AD patients aged above 80 years. Fibril prevalence was negatively correlated with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid (Aβ) 42/40 ratio and was observed to be higher in the Aβ-positive patient category. Using a cutoff of ≥40% fibril prevalence, the CSF Aβ status was classified with 88% accuracy (sensitivity 100%, specificity 73%). The merits and challenges in integrating physical biomarkers in AD diagnosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Niraj Nirmalraj
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen CH-9007, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Felbecker
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen CH-9007, Switzerland
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10
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Gaudreault R, Hervé V, van de Ven TGM, Mousseau N, Ramassamy C. Polyphenol-Peptide Interactions in Mitigation of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Biosurface-Induced Aggregation. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:33-55. [PMID: 33749653 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, responsible for nearly two-thirds of all dementia cases. In this review, we report the potential AD treatment strategies focusing on natural polyphenol molecules (green chemistry) and more specifically on the inhibition of polyphenol-induced amyloid aggregation/disaggregation pathways: in bulk and on biosurfaces. We discuss how these pathways can potentially alter the structure at the early stages of AD, hence delaying the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. We also discuss multidisciplinary approaches, combining experimental and modelling methods, that can better characterize the biochemical and biophysical interactions between proteins and phenolic ligands. In addition to the surface-induced aggregation, which can occur on surfaces where protein can interact with other proteins and polyphenols, we suggest a new concept referred as "confinement stability". Here, on the contrary, the adsorption of Aβ and tau on biosurfaces other than Aβ- and tau-fibrils, e.g., red blood cells, can lead to confinement stability that minimizes the aggregation of Aβ and tau. Overall, these mechanisms may participate directly or indirectly in mitigating neurodegenerative diseases, by preventing protein self-association, slowing down the aggregation processes, and delaying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gaudreault
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Hervé
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Normand Mousseau
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Daniele S, Baldacci F, Piccarducci R, Palermo G, Giampietri L, Manca ML, Pietrobono D, Frosini D, Nicoletti V, Tognoni G, Giorgi FS, Lo Gerfo A, Petrozzi L, Cavallini C, Franzoni F, Ceravolo R, Siciliano G, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Bonuccelli U. α-Synuclein Heteromers in Red Blood Cells of Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:885-893. [PMID: 33579836 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) contain the majority of α-synuclein (α-syn) in blood, representing an interesting model for studying the peripheral pathological alterations proved in neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of total α-syn, amyloid-β (Aβ1-42), tau, and their heteroaggregates in RBCs of Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). METHODS By the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, RBCs concentrations of total α-syn, Aβ1-42, tau, and their heteroaggregates (α-syn/Aβ1-42 and α-syn/tau) were measured in 27 individuals with LBD (Parkinson's disease dementia, n = 17; dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 10), 51 individuals with AD (AD dementia, n = 37; prodromal AD, n = 14), and HC (n = 60). RESULTS The total α-syn and tau concentrations as well as α-syn/tau heterodimers were significantly lower in the LBD group and the AD group compared with HC, whereas α-syn/Aβ1-42 concentrations were significantly lower in the AD dementia group only. RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers had a higher diagnostic accuracy for differentiating patients with LBD versus HC (AUROC = 0.80). CONCLUSION RBC α-syn heteromers may be useful for differentiating between neurodegenerative dementias (LBD and AD) and HC. In particular, RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers have demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating LBD from HC. However, they are not consistently different between LBD and AD. Our findings also suggest that α-syn, Aβ1-42, and tau interact in vivo to promote the aggregation and accumulation of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Linda Giampietri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Manca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Frosini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicoletti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Sean Giorgi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Vidoni ED, Morris JK, Watts A, Perry M, Clutton J, Van Sciver A, Kamat AS, Mahnken J, Hunt SL, Townley R, Honea R, Shaw AR, Johnson DK, Vacek J, Burns JM. Effect of aerobic exercise on amyloid accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer's: A 1-year randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244893. [PMID: 33444359 PMCID: PMC7808620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to investigate the role of physical exercise to protect brain health as we age, including the potential to mitigate Alzheimer's-related pathology. We assessed the effect of 52 weeks of a supervised aerobic exercise program on amyloid accumulation, cognitive performance, and brain volume in cognitively normal older adults with elevated and sub-threshold levels of cerebral amyloid as measured by amyloid PET imaging. METHODS AND FINDINGS This 52-week randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise vs. education control intervention. A total of 117 underactive older adults (mean age 72.9 [7.7]) without evidence of cognitive impairment, with elevated (n = 79) or subthreshold (n = 38) levels of cerebral amyloid were randomized, and 110 participants completed the study. Exercise was conducted with supervision and monitoring by trained exercise specialists. We conducted 18F-AV45 PET imaging of cerebral amyloid and anatomical MRI for whole brain and hippocampal volume at baseline and Week 52 follow-up to index brain health. Neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, Week 26, and Week 52 to assess executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial cognitive domains. Cardiorespiratory fitness testing was performed at baseline and Week 52 to assess response to exercise. The aerobic exercise group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (11% vs. 1% in the control group) but there were no differences in change measures of amyloid, brain volume, or cognitive performance compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise was not associated with reduced amyloid accumulation in cognitively normal older adults with cerebral amyloid. In spite of strong systemic cardiorespiratory effects of the intervention, the observed lack of cognitive or brain structure benefits suggests brain benefits of exercise reported in other studies are likely to be related to non-amyloid effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02000583; ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Vidoni
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Jill K. Morris
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Mark Perry
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jon Clutton
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Angela Van Sciver
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Ashwini S. Kamat
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Mahnken
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Suzanne L. Hunt
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Ryan Townley
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Robyn Honea
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Shaw
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - James Vacek
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
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13
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Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Polini B, Carpi S, Chico L, Fusi J, Baldacci F, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U, Nieri P, Martini C, Franzoni F. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Oxidative Stress in Human Peripheral Blood Cells: Can Physical Activity Reactivate the Proteasome System through Epigenetic Mechanisms? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8869849. [PMID: 33488947 PMCID: PMC7796851 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8869849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by proteasome activity impairment, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes, resulting in β-amyloid (Aβ) production/degradation imbalance. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is implicated in Aβ clearance, and particularly, the ApoE ε4 isoform predisposes to AD development. Regular physical activity is known to reduce AD progression. However, the impact of ApoE polymorphism and physical exercise on Aβ production and proteasome system activity has never been investigated in human peripheral blood cells, particularly in erythrocytes, an emerging peripheral model used to study biochemical alteration. Therefore, the influence of ApoE polymorphism on the antioxidant defences, amyloid accumulation, and proteasome activity was here evaluated in human peripheral blood cells depending on physical activity, to assess putative peripheral biomarkers for AD and candidate targets that could be modulated by lifestyle. Healthy subjects were enrolled and classified based on the ApoE polymorphism (by the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique) and physical activity level (Borg scale) and grouped into ApoE ε4/non-ε4 carriers and active/non-active subjects. The plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), the erythrocyte Aβ production/accumulation, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediated proteasome functionality were evaluated in all groups by the chromatographic and immunoenzymatic assay, respectively. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms were investigated considering the expression of histone deacetylase 6, employing a competitive ELISA, and the modulation of two key miRNAs (miR-153-3p and miR-195-5p), through the miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Mini Kit. ApoE ε4 subjects showed a reduction in plasma AOC and an increase in the Nrf2 blocker, miR-153-3p, contributing to an enhancement of the erythrocyte concentration of Aβ. Physical exercise increased plasma AOC and reduced the amount of Aβ and its precursor, involving a reduced miR-153-3p expression and a miR-195-5p enhancement. Our data highlight the impact of the ApoE genotype on the amyloidogenic pathway and the proteasome system, suggesting the positive impact of physical exercise, also through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Chico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Dominguez-Meijide A, Vasili E, Outeiro TF. Pharmacological Modulators of Tau Aggregation and Spreading. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E858. [PMID: 33203009 PMCID: PMC7696562 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of aggregates composed of abnormal tau protein in the brain. Additionally, misfolded forms of tau can propagate from cell to cell and throughout the brain. This process is thought to lead to the templated misfolding of the native forms of tau, and thereby, to the formation of newer toxic aggregates, thereby propagating the disease. Therefore, modulation of the processes that lead to tau aggregation and spreading is of utmost importance in the fight against tauopathies. In recent years, several molecules have been developed for the modulation of tau aggregation and spreading. In this review, we discuss the processes of tau aggregation and spreading and highlight selected chemicals developed for the modulation of these processes, their usefulness, and putative mechanisms of action. Ultimately, a stronger understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved, and the properties of the substances developed to modulate them, will lead to the development of safer and better strategies for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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15
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Pellegrini C, Daniele S, Antonioli L, Benvenuti L, D’Antongiovanni V, Piccarducci R, Pietrobono D, Citi V, Piragine E, Flori L, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Palazon-Riquelme P, Lopez-Castejon G, Martelli A, Colucci R, Bernardini N, Trincavelli ML, Calderone V, Martini C, Blandizzi C, Fornai M. Prodromal Intestinal Events in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Colonic Dysmotility and Inflammation Are Associated with Enteric AD-Related Protein Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103523. [PMID: 32429301 PMCID: PMC7278916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal dysfunctions may represent early events in Alzheimer’s disease and contribute to brain pathology. This study examined the relationship between onset of cognitive impairment and colonic dysfunctions in a spontaneous AD model before the full development of brain pathology. SAMP8 mice underwent Morris water maze and assessment of faecal output at four, six and eight months of age. In vitro colonic motility was examined. Faecal and colonic Aβ, tau proteins, α-synuclein and IL-1β were assessed by ELISA. Colonic citrate synthase activity was assessed by spectrophotometry. Colonic NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC expression were evaluated by Western blotting. Colonic eosinophil density and claudin-1 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of Aβ on NLRP3 signalling and mitochondrial function was tested in cultured cells. Cognitive impairment and decreased faecal output occurred in SAMP8 mice from six months. When compared with SAMR1, SAMP8 animals displayed: (1) impaired in vitro colonic contractions; (2) increased enteric AD-related proteins, IL-1β, active-caspase-1 expression and eosinophil density; and (3) decreased citrate synthase activity and claudin-1 expression. In THP-1 cells, Aβ promoted IL-1β release, which was abrogated upon incubation with caspase-1 inhibitor or in ASC-/- cells. Aβ decreased mitochondrial function in THP-1 cells. In SAMP8, enteric AD-related proteins deposition, inflammation and impaired colonic excitatory neurotransmission, occurring before the full brain pathology development, could contribute to bowel dysmotility and represent prodromal events in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Vanessa D’Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Deborah Pietrobono
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Pablo Palazon-Riquelme
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (P.P.-R.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (P.P.-R.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Trincavelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2115 (C.M.); +39-050-221-8753 (C.B.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2115 (C.M.); +39-050-221-8753 (C.B.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
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16
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Ding J, Lian Y, Meng Y, He Y, Fan H, Li C, Qiu P. The effect of α-synuclein and Tau in methamphetamine induced neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2020; 319:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Chang CW, Yang SY, Yang CC, Chang CW, Wu YR. Plasma and Serum Alpha-Synuclein as a Biomarker of Diagnosis in Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1388. [PMID: 32038461 PMCID: PMC6990107 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and α-synuclein plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD. Studies have revealed controversial results regarding the correlation between motor severity and α-synuclein levels in peripheral blood from patients with PD. Objective: We examined α-synuclein levels in plasma or serum in patients with PD and investigated the relationship between plasma or serum α-synuclein level and motor symptom severity. Methods: We recruited 88 participants (48 patients with PD and 40 healthy controls). Clinical information was collected, and venous blood was drawn from each participant to be processed to obtain plasma or serum. The plasma or serum α-synuclein level was detected using monoclonal antibodies with magnetic nanoparticles, and was measured through immunomagnetic reduction. Plasma or serum α-synuclein levels were quantitatively detected. Results: In patients with PD, the means of plasma and serum α-synuclein level were 3.60 ± 2.53 and 0.03 ± 0.04 pg/mL, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of plasma and serum α-synuclein for distinguishing patients with PD from healthy controls were 0.992 and 0.917, respectively. The serum α-synuclein level also showed a significant correlation with patients in H-Y stages 1–3 (r = 0.40, p = 0.025), implying that the serum α-synuclein level may be a potential marker of motor symptom severity in patients with early PD. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the α-synuclein level in serum or plasma can differentiate between healthy controls and patients with PD. Serum α-synuclein levels moderately correlate with motor severity in patients with early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Wen Chang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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18
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Vanderstichele HM, Teunissen CE, Vanmechelen E. Critical Steps to be Taken into Consideration Before Quantification of β-Amyloid and Tau Isoforms in Blood can be Implemented in a Clinical Environment. Neurol Ther 2019; 8:129-145. [PMID: 31833029 PMCID: PMC6908532 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to document difficulties, limitations, and pitfalls when considering protein analysis in blood samples. It proposes an improved workflow for design, development, and validation of (immuno)assays for blood proteins, without providing reflections on a potential hypothesis of the origin of protein mismetabolism and deposition. There is a special focus on assay development for quantification of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in blood for diagnostic use or for integration in clinical trials in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Fusi J, Chico L, Baldacci F, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U, Franzoni F, Martini C. Impact of ApoE Polymorphism and Physical Activity on Plasma Antioxidant Capability and Erythrocyte Membranes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E538. [PMID: 31717561 PMCID: PMC6912376 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The allele epsilon 4 (ε4) of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE protein plays a pivotal role in the synthesis and metabolism of amyloid beta (Aβ), the major component of the extracellular plaques that constitute AD pathological hallmarks. Regular exercise is an important preventive/therapeutic tool in aging and AD. Nevertheless, the impact of physical exercise on the well-being of erythrocytes, a good model of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative processes, remains to be investigated, particularly depending on ApoE polymorphism. Herein, we evaluate the oxidative status, Aβ levels, and the membrane's composition of erythrocytes in a cohort of human subjects. In our hands, the plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), erythrocytes membrane fluidity, and the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were demonstrated to be significantly decreased in the ApoE ε4 genotype and non-active subjects. In contrast, erythrocyte Aβ content and lipid peroxidation increased in ε4 carriers. Regular physical exercise was associated with an increased plasma AOC and membrane fluidity, as well as to a reduced amount of erythrocytes Aβ. Altogether, these data highlight the influence of the ApoE genotype on erythrocytes' well-being and confirm the positive impact of regular physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (J.F.); (L.C.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (U.B.)
| | - Lucia Chico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (J.F.); (L.C.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (U.B.)
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (J.F.); (L.C.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (U.B.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (J.F.); (L.C.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (U.B.)
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (J.F.); (L.C.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (U.B.)
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (J.F.); (L.C.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (U.B.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (S.D.)
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20
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Pei Y, Maitta RW. Alpha synuclein in hematopoiesis and immunity. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02590. [PMID: 31692680 PMCID: PMC6806402 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition and intracellular deposition of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra (SN), which can cause dopaminergic neuronal death, is the hallmark of this syndrome. α-synuclein (syn) is a small protein expressed mainly in neurons but can also be found in a number of tissues. It can be present as a soluble monomer under normal physiological conditions, but can be toxic in its oligomeric or fibrillary forms. Most of the available literature has focused on the effects of α-syn pathology in the mechanisms leading to PD. However, the normal functions of α-syn still remain to be fully elucidated. Notably, α-syn in the hematopoietic system seems to mediate important functions as indicated by anemia and incomplete cell maturation when this protein is absent. This review will summarize basic genetic and structural findings, and critical information that suggests an essential role of α-syn in the development and activation of the hematopoietic system and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pei
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Robert W. Maitta
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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21
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Mandler M, Rockenstein E, Overk C, Mante M, Florio J, Adame A, Kim C, Santic R, Schneeberger A, Mattner F, Schmidhuber S, Galabova G, Spencer B, Masliah E, Rissman RA. Effects of single and combined immunotherapy approach targeting amyloid β protein and α-synuclein in a dementia with Lewy bodies-like model. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1133-1148. [PMID: 31378574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapeutic approaches targeting amyloid β (Aβ) protein and tau in Alzheimer's disease and α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's disease are being developed for treating dementia with Lewy bodies. However, it is unknown if single or combined immunotherapies targeting Aβ and/or α-syn may be effective. METHODS Amyloid precursor protein/α-syn tg mice were immunized with AFFITOPEs® (AFF) peptides specific to Aβ (AD02) or α-syn (PD-AFF1) and the combination. RESULTS AD02 more effectively reduced Aβ and pTau burden; however, the combination exhibited some additive effects. Both AD02 and PD-AFF1 effectively reduced α-syn, ameliorated degeneration of pyramidal neurons, and reduced neuroinflammation. PD-AFF1 more effectively ameliorated cholinergic and dopaminergic fiber loss; the combined immunization displayed additive effects. AD02 more effectively improved buried pellet test behavior, whereas PD-AFF1 more effectively improved horizontal beam test; the combined immunization displayed additive effects. DISCUSSION Specific active immunotherapy targeting Aβ and/or α-syn may be of potential interest for the treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jazmin Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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22
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High Levels of β-Amyloid, Tau, and Phospho-Tau in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Neuropathology in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5030475. [PMID: 31281579 PMCID: PMC6590616 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common Neurodegenerative Disease (ND), primarily characterised by neuroinflammation, neuronal plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. α-Synuclein (α-syn) and its heteroaggregates with Aβ and tau have been recently included among the neuropathological elements of NDs. These pathological traits are not restricted to the brain, but they reach peripheral fluids as well. In this sense, Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are emerging as a good model to investigate the biochemical alterations of aging and NDs. Herein, the levels of homo- and heteroaggregates of ND-related proteins were analysed at different stages of disease progression. In particular, a validated animal model of AD, the SAMP8 (Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone) and its control strain SAMR1 (Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Resistant) were used in parallel experiments. The levels of the aforementioned proteins and of the inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were examined in both brain and RBCs of SAMP8 and SAMR1 at 6 and 8 months. Brain Aβ, tau, and phospho-tau (p-tau) were higher in SAMP8 mice than in control mice and increased with AD progression. Similar accumulation kinetics were found in RBCs, even if slower. By contrast, α-syn and its heterocomplexes (α-syn-Aβ and α-syn-tau) displayed different accumulation kinetics between brain tissue and RBCs. Both brain and peripheral IL-1β levels were higher in SAMP8 mice, but increased sooner in RBCs, suggesting that inflammation might initiate at a peripheral level before affecting the brain. In conclusion, these results confirm RBCs as a valuable model for monitoring neurodegeneration, suggesting peripheral Aβ, tau, and p-tau as potential early biomarkers of AD.
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23
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Potential Diagnostic Value of Red Blood Cells α-Synuclein Heteroaggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6451-6459. [PMID: 30826968 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of complex misfolded protein combinations have been found in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains besides the classical pathological hallmarks. Recently, α-synuclein (α-syn) and its heterocomplexes with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. These pathological features are not limited to the brain, but can be also found in peripheral fluids. In this respect, red blood cells (RBCs) have been suggested as a good model to investigate the biochemical alterations of neurodegeneration. Our aim is to find whether RBC concentrations of α-syn and its heterocomplexes (i.e., α-syn/Aβ and α-syn/tau) were different in AD patients compared with healthy controls (HC). The levels of homo- and heteroaggregates of α-syn, Aβ and tau, were analyzed in a cohort of AD patients at early stage either with dementia or prodromal symptoms (N = 39) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 39). All AD patients received a biomarker-based diagnosis (low cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ peptide combined with high cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of total tau and/or phospho-tau proteins; alternatively, a positivity to cerebral amyloid-PET scan). Our results showed lower concentrations of α-syn and its heterocomplexes (i.e., α-syn/Aβ and α-syn/tau) in RBCs of AD patients with respect to HC. RBC α-syn/Aβ as well as RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers discriminated AD participants from HC with fair accuracy, whereas RBC α-syn concentrations differentiated poorly the two groups. Although additional investigations are required, these data suggest α-syn heteroaggregates in RBCs as potential tool in the diagnostic work-up of early AD diagnosis.
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24
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Iljina M, Dear AJ, Garcia GA, De S, Tosatto L, Flagmeier P, Whiten DR, Michaels TCT, Frenkel D, Dobson CM, Knowles TPJ, Klenerman D. Quantifying Co-Oligomer Formation by α-Synuclein. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10855-10866. [PMID: 30371053 PMCID: PMC6262461 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Small oligomers of the protein α-synuclein (αS) are highly cytotoxic species associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, αS can form co-aggregates with its mutational variants and with other proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, which are implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The processes of self-oligomerization and co-oligomerization of αS are, however, challenging to study quantitatively. Here, we have utilized single-molecule techniques to measure the equilibrium populations of oligomers formed in vitro by mixtures of wild-type αS with its mutational variants and with Aβ40, Aβ42, and a fragment of tau. Using a statistical mechanical model, we find that co-oligomer formation is generally more favorable than self-oligomer formation at equilibrium. Furthermore, self-oligomers more potently disrupt lipid membranes than do co-oligomers. However, this difference is sometimes outweighed by the greater formation propensity of co-oligomers when multiple proteins coexist. Our results suggest that co-oligomer formation may be important in PD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Iljina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Dear
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo A. Garcia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Suman De
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Laura Tosatto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Whiten
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Thomas C. T. Michaels
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - David Klenerman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- UK
Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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25
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Vergallo A, Bun RS, Toschi N, Baldacci F, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Cavedo E, Lamari F, Habert MO, Dubois B, Floris R, Garaci F, Lista S, Hampel H. Association of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein with total and phospho-tau 181 protein concentrations and brain amyloid load in cognitively normal subjective memory complainers stratified by Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1623-1631. [PMID: 30055132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several neurodegenerative brain proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are associated with cerebral deposition of insoluble aggregates of α-synuclein. Previous studies reported a trend toward increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (α-syn) concentrations in AD compared with other neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls. METHODS The pathophysiological role of CSF α-syn in asymptomatic subjects at risk of AD has not been explored. We performed a large-scale cross-sectional observational monocentric study of preclinical individuals at risk for AD (INSIGHT-preAD). RESULTS We found a positive association between CSF α-syn concentrations and brain β-amyloid deposition measures as mean cortical standard uptake value ratios. We demonstrate positive correlations between CSF α-syn and both CSF t-tau and p-tau181 concentrations. DISCUSSION Animal models presented evidence, indicating that α-syn may synergistically and directly induce fibrillization of both tau and β-amyloid. Our data indicate an association of CSF α-syn with AD-related pathophysiological mechanisms, during the preclinical phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergallo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.
| | - René-Sosata Bun
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Radiology, "Athinoula A. Martinos" Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Foudil Lamari
- AP-HP, UF Biochimie des Maladies Neuro-métaboliques, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France; Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images (www.cati-neuroimaging.com), France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Floris
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Casa di Cura "San Raffaele Cassino", Cassino, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
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Epigenetic Modifications of the α-Synuclein Gene and Relative Protein Content Are Affected by Ageing and Physical Exercise in Blood from Healthy Subjects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3740345. [PMID: 29849887 PMCID: PMC5924988 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3740345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical activity against age-related neurodegeneration. For example, epigenetic alterations of the gene encoding for α-synuclein (SNCA) have been widely explored in both brain and peripheral tissues of Parkinson's disease samples. However, no data are currently available about the effects of physical exercise on SNCA epigenetic regulation in ageing healthy subjects. The present paper explored whether, in healthy individuals, age and physical activity are related to blood intron1-SNCA (SNCAI1) methylation, as well as further parameters linked to such epigenetic modification (total, oligomeric α-synuclein and DNA methyltransferase concentrations in the blood). Here, the SNCAI1 methylation status increased with ageing, and consistent with this result, low α-synuclein levels were found in the blood. The direct relationship between SNCAI1 methylation and α-synuclein levels was observed in samples characterized by blood α-synuclein concentrations of 76.3 ng/mg protein or lower (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). In this selected population, higher physical activity reduced the total and oligomeric α-synuclein levels. Taken together, our data shed light on ageing- and physical exercise-induced changes on the SNCA methylation status and protein levels of α-synuclein.
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27
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Daniele S, Frosini D, Pietrobono D, Petrozzi L, Lo Gerfo A, Baldacci F, Fusi J, Giacomelli C, Siciliano G, Trincavelli ML, Franzoni F, Ceravolo R, Martini C, Bonuccelli U. α-Synuclein Heterocomplexes with β-Amyloid Are Increased in Red Blood Cells of Parkinson's Disease Patients and Correlate with Disease Severity. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:53. [PMID: 29520218 PMCID: PMC5827358 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are characterized by abnormal accumulation/misfolding of specific proteins, primarily α-synuclein (α-syn), β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) and tau, in both brain and peripheral tissues. In addition to oligomers, the role of the interactions of α-syn with Aβ or tau has gradually emerged. Nevertheless, despite intensive research, NDs have no accepted peripheral markers for biochemical diagnosis. In this respect, Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are emerging as a valid peripheral model for the study of aging-related pathologies. Herein, a small cohort (N = 28) of patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched controls were enrolled to detect the content of α-syn (total and oligomeric), Aβ1-42 and tau (total and phosphorylated) in RBCs. Moreover, the presence of α-syn association with tau and Aβ1-42 was explored by co-immunoprecipitation/western blotting in the same cells, and quantitatively confirmed by immunoenzymatic assays. For the first time, PD patients were demonstrated to exhibit α-syn heterocomplexes with Aβ1-42 and tau in peripheral tissues; interestingly, α-syn-Aβ1-42 concentrations were increased in PD subjects with respect to healthy controls (HC), and directly correlated with disease severity and motor deficits. Moreover, total-α-syn levels were decreased in PD subjects and inversely related to their motor deficits. Finally, an increase of oligomeric-α-syn and phosphorylated-tau was observed in RBCs of the enrolled patients. The combination of three parameters (total-α-syn, phosphorylated-tau and α-syn-Aβ1-42 concentrations) provided the best fitting predictive index for discriminating PD patients from controls. Nevertheless further investigations should be required, overall, these data suggest α-syn hetero-aggregates in RBCs as a putative tool for the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Frosini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Petrozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Daniele S, Pietrobono D, Fusi J, Lo Gerfo A, Cerri E, Chico L, Iofrida C, Petrozzi L, Baldacci F, Giacomelli C, Galetta F, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U, Trincavelli ML, Franzoni F, Martini C. α-Synuclein Aggregated with Tau and β-Amyloid in Human Platelets from Healthy Subjects: Correlation with Physical Exercise. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:17. [PMID: 29441013 PMCID: PMC5797553 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of protein homeostasis that has been associated with aging leads to altered levels and conformational instability of proteins, which tend to form toxic aggregates. In particular, brain aging presents characteristic patterns of misfolded oligomers, primarily constituted of β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (α-syn), which can accumulate in neuronal membranes or extracellular compartments. Such aging-related proteins can also reach peripheral compartments, thus suggesting the possibility to monitor their accumulation in more accessible fluids. In this respect, we have demonstrated that α-syn forms detectable hetero-aggregates with Aβ or tau in red blood cells (RBCs) of healthy subjects. In particular, α-syn levels and its heteromeric interactions are modulated by plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), which increases in turn with physical activity. In order to understand if a specific distribution of misfolded proteins can occur in other blood cells, a cohort of human subjects was enrolled to establish a correlation among AOC, the level of physical exercise and the concentrations of aging-related proteins in platelets. The healthy subjects were divided depending on their level of physical exercise (i.e., athletes and sedentary subjects) and their age (young and older subjects). Herein, aging-related proteins (i.e., α-syn, tau and Aβ) were confirmed to be present in human platelets. Among such proteins, platelet tau concentration was demonstrated to decrease in athletes, while α-syn and Aβ did not correlate with physical exercise. For the first time, α-syn was shown to directly interact with Aβ and tau in platelets, forming detectable hetero-complexes. Interestingly, α-syn interaction with tau was inversely related to plasma AOC and to the level of physical activity. These results suggested that α-syn heterocomplexes, particularly with tau, could represent novel indicators to monitor aging-related proteins in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cerri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Chico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Petrozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Galetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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