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Kumar G, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Kwan KM, Tin C, Ma CHE. Real-time field-programmable gate array-based closed-loop deep brain stimulation platform targeting cerebellar circuitry rescues motor deficits in a mouse model of cerebellar ataxia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14638. [PMID: 38488445 PMCID: PMC10941591 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The open-loop nature of conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) produces continuous and excessive stimulation to patients which contributes largely to increased prevalence of adverse side effects. Cerebellar ataxia is characterized by abnormal Purkinje cells (PCs) dendritic arborization, loss of PCs and motor coordination, and muscle weakness with no effective treatment. We aim to develop a real-time field-programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype targeting the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) to close the loop for ataxia using conditional double knockout mice with deletion of PC-specific LIM homeobox (Lhx)1 and Lhx5, resulting in abnormal dendritic arborization and motor deficits. METHODS We implanted multielectrode array in the DCN and muscles of ataxia mice. The beneficial effect of open-loop DCN-DBS or closed-loop DCN-DBS was compared by motor behavioral assessments, electromyography (EMG), and neural activities (neurospike and electroencephalogram) in freely moving mice. FPGA board, which performed complex real-time computation, was used for closed-loop DCN-DBS system. RESULTS Closed-loop DCN-DBS was triggered only when symptomatic muscle EMG was detected in a real-time manner, which restored motor activities, electroencephalogram activities and neurospike properties completely in ataxia mice. Closed-loop DCN-DBS was more effective than an open-loop paradigm as it reduced the frequency of DBS. CONCLUSION Our real-time FPGA-based DCN-DBS system could be a potential clinical strategy for alleviating cerebellar ataxia and other movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Kumar
- Department of NeuroscienceCity University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Zhanhong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Chung Tin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of NeuroscienceCity University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong SAR
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Au NPB, Wu T, Kumar G, Jin Y, Li YYT, Chan SL, Lai JHC, Chan KWY, Yu KN, Wang X, Ma CHE. Low-dose ionizing radiation promotes motor recovery and brain rewiring by resolving inflammatory response after brain injury and stroke. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:43-63. [PMID: 37774892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke share a common pathophysiology that worsens over time due to secondary tissue injury caused by sustained inflammatory response. However, studies on pharmacological interventions targeting the complex secondary injury cascade have failed to show efficacy. Here, we demonstrated that low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) reduced lesion size and reversed motor deficits after TBI and photothrombotic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated significant reduction of infarct volume in LDIR-treated mice after stroke. Systems-level transcriptomic analysis showed that genes upregulated in LDIR-treated stoke mice were enriched in pathways associated with inflammatory and immune response involving microglia. LDIR induced upregulation of anti-inflammatory- and phagocytosis-related genes, and downregulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These findings were validated by live-cell assays, in which microglia exhibited higher chemotactic and phagocytic capacities after LDIR. We observed substantial microglial clustering at the injury site, glial scar clearance and reversal of motor deficits after stroke. Cortical microglia/macrophages depletion completely abolished the beneficial effect of LDIR on motor function recovery in stroke mice. LDIR promoted axonal projections (brain rewiring) in motor cortex and recovery of brain activity detected by electroencephalography recordings months after stroke. LDIR treatment delayed by 8 h post-injury still maintained full therapeutic effects on motor recovery, indicating that LDIR is a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Shun Lam Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Ho Chi Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kannie Wai Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Au NPB, Wu T, Chen X, Gao F, Li YTY, Tam WY, Yu KN, Geschwind DH, Coppola G, Wang X, Ma CHE. Genome-wide study reveals novel roles for formin-2 in axon regeneration as a microtubule dynamics regulator and therapeutic target for nerve repair. Neuron 2023; 111:3970-3987.e8. [PMID: 38086376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves regenerate successfully; however, clinical outcome after injury is poor. We demonstrated that low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) promoted axon regeneration and function recovery after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Genome-wide CpG methylation profiling identified LDIR-induced hypermethylation of the Fmn2 promoter, exhibiting injury-induced Fmn2 downregulation in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Constitutive knockout or neuronal Fmn2 knockdown accelerated nerve repair and function recovery. Mechanistically, increased microtubule dynamics at growth cones was observed in time-lapse imaging of Fmn2-deficient DRG neurons. Increased HDAC5 phosphorylation and rapid tubulin deacetylation were found in regenerating axons of neuronal Fmn2-knockdown mice after injury. Growth-promoting effect of neuronal Fmn2 knockdown was eliminated by pharmaceutical blockade of HDAC5 or neuronal Hdac5 knockdown, suggesting that Fmn2deletion promotes axon regeneration via microtubule post-translational modification. In silico screening of FDA-approved drugs identified metaxalone, administered either immediately or 24-h post-injury, accelerating function recovery. This work uncovers a novel axon regeneration function of Fmn2 and a small-molecule strategy for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Wing Yip Tam
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Pottier I, Lewis RJ, Vernoux JP. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:453. [PMID: 37505722 PMCID: PMC10467118 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera is a major circumtropical poisoning caused by the consumption of marine fish and invertebrates contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs): neurotoxins produced by endemic and benthic dinoflagellates which are biotransformed in the fish food-web. We provide a history of ciguatera research conducted over the past 70 years on ciguatoxins from the Pacific Ocean (P-CTXs) and Caribbean Sea (C-CTXs) and describe their main chemical, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Currently, there is no official method for the extraction and quantification of ciguatoxins, regardless their origin, mainly due to limited CTX-certified reference materials. In this review, the extraction and purification procedures of C-CTXs are investigated, considering specific objectives such as isolating reference materials, analysing fish toxin profiles, or ensuring food safety control. Certain in vitro assays may provide sufficient sensitivity to detect C-CTXs at sub-ppb levels in fish, but they do not allow for individual identification of CTXs. Recent advances in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with low- or high-resolution mass spectrometry provide new opportunities to identify known C-CTXs, to gain structural insights into new analogues, and to quantify C-CTXs. Together, these methods reveal that ciguatera arises from a multiplicity of CTXs, although one major form (C-CTX-1) seems to dominate. However, questions arise regarding the abundance and instability of certain C-CTXs, which are further complicated by the wide array of CTX-producing dinoflagellates and fish vectors. Further research is needed to assess the toxic potential of the new C-CTX and their role in ciguatera fish poisoning. With the identification of C-CTXs in the coastal USA and Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the investigation of ciguatera fish poisoning is now a truly global effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivannah Pottier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Au NPB, Kumar G, Asthana P, Gao F, Kawaguchi R, Chang RCC, So KF, Hu Y, Geschwind DH, Coppola G, Ma CHE. Clinically relevant small-molecule promotes nerve repair and visual function recovery. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:50. [PMID: 36182946 PMCID: PMC9526721 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian injured axons regenerate over short-distance in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) while the axons in the central nervous system (CNS) are unable to regrow after injury. Here, we demonstrated that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), purified from Wolfberry, accelerated long-distance axon regeneration after severe peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and optic nerve crush (ONC). LBP not only promoted intrinsic growth capacity of injured neurons and function recovery after severe PNI, but also induced robust retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axon regeneration after ONC. By using LBP gene expression profile signatures to query a Connectivity map database, we identified a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved small-molecule glycopyrrolate, which promoted PNS axon regeneration, RGC survival and sustained CNS axon regeneration, increased neural firing in the superior colliculus, and enhanced visual target re-innervations by regenerating RGC axons leading to a partial restoration of visual function after ONC. Our study provides insights into repurposing of FDA-approved small molecule for nerve repair and function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Pan Bennett Au
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pallavi Asthana
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Fuying Gao
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Raymond Chuen Chung Chang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok Fai So
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Hu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Asthana P, Kumar G, Milanowski LM, Au NPB, Chan SC, Huang J, Feng H, Kwan KM, He J, Chan KWY, Wszolek ZK, Ma CHE. Cerebellar glutamatergic system impacts spontaneous motor recovery by regulating Gria1 expression. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:45. [PMID: 36064798 PMCID: PMC9445039 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often results in spontaneous motor recovery; however, how disrupted cerebellar circuitry affects PNI-associated motor recovery is unknown. Here, we demonstrated disrupted cerebellar circuitry and poor motor recovery in ataxia mice after PNI. This effect was mimicked by deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) lesion, but not by damaging non-motor area hippocampus. By restoring cerebellar circuitry through DCN stimulation, and reversal of neurotransmitter imbalance using baclofen, ataxia mice achieve full motor recovery after PNI. Mechanistically, elevated glutamate-glutamine level was detected in DCN of ataxia mice by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Transcriptomic study revealed that Gria1, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, was upregulated in DCN of control mice but failed to be upregulated in ataxia mice after sciatic nerve crush. AAV-mediated overexpression of Gria1 in DCN rescued motor deficits of ataxia mice after PNI. Finally, we found a correlative decrease in human GRIA1 mRNA expression in the cerebellum of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 patient iPSC-derived Purkinje cells, pointing to the clinical relevance of glutamatergic system. By conducting a large-scale analysis of 9,655,320 patients with ataxia, they failed to recover from carpal tunnel decompression surgery and tibial neuropathy, while aged-match non-ataxia patients fully recovered. Our results provide insight into cerebellar disorders and motor deficits after PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lukasz M Milanowski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ngan Pan Bennett Au
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Siu Chung Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hemin Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kannie Wai Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dangerous Liaisons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168726. [PMID: 34445429 PMCID: PMC8395864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease (ND) is increasing, partly owing to extensions in lifespan, with a larger percentage of members living to an older age, but the ND aetiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, and effective treatments are still lacking. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are generally thought to progress as a consequence of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. Up to now, several environmental triggers have been associated with NDs, and recent studies suggest that some cyanotoxins, produced by cyanobacteria and acting through a variety of molecular mechanisms, are highly neurotoxic, although their roles in neuropathy and particularly in NDs are still controversial. In this review, we summarize the most relevant and recent evidence that points at cyanotoxins as environmental triggers in NDs development.
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Asthana P, Zhang G, Sheikh KA, Him Eddie Ma C. Heat shock protein is a key therapeutic target for nerve repair in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and severe peripheral nerve injury. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:48-64. [PMID: 32858161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and a common cause of neuromuscular paralysis. Preceding infection induces the production of anti-ganglioside (GD) antibodies attacking its own peripheral nerves. In severe proximal peripheral nerve injuries that require long-distance axon regeneration, motor functional recovery is virtually nonexistent. Damaged axons fail to regrow and reinnervate target muscles. In mice, regenerating axons must reach the target muscle within 35 days (critical period) to reform functional neuromuscular junctions and regain motor function. Successful functional recovery depends on the rate of axon regeneration and debris removal (Wallerian degeneration) after nerve injury. The innate-immune response of the peripheral nervous system to nerve injury such as timing and magnitude of cytokine production is crucial for Wallerian degeneration. In the current study, forced expression of human heat shock protein (hHsp) 27 completely reversed anti-GD-induced inhibitory effects on nerve repair assessed by animal behavioral assays, electrophysiology and histology studies, and the beneficial effect was validated in a second mouse line of hHsp27. The protective effect of hHsp27 on prolonged muscle denervation was examined by performing repeated sciatic nerve crushes to delay regenerating axons from reaching distal muscle from 37 days up to 55 days. Strikingly, hHsp27 was able to extend the critical period of motor functional recovery for up to 55 days and preserve the integrity of axons and mitochondria in distal nerves. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that a number of key cytokines which are heavily involved in the early phase of innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration, were found to be upregulated in the sciatic nerve lysates of hHsp27 Tg mice at 1 day postinjury. However, persistent hyperinflammatory mediator changes were found after chronic denervation in sciatic nerves of littermate mice, but remained unchanged in hHsp27 Tg mice. Taken together, the current study provides insight into the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance muscle receptiveness (reinnervation) by accelerating axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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L’Herondelle K, Talagas M, Mignen O, Misery L, Le Garrec R. Neurological Disturbances of Ciguatera Poisoning: Clinical Features and Pathophysiological Basis. Cells 2020; 9:E2291. [PMID: 33066435 PMCID: PMC7602189 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), the most prevalent seafood poisoning worldwide, is caused by the consumption of tropical and subtropical fish contaminated with potent neurotoxins called ciguatoxins (CTXs). Ciguatera is a complex clinical syndrome in which peripheral neurological signs predominate in the acute phase of the intoxication but also persist or reoccur long afterward. Their recognition is of particular importance in establishing the diagnosis, which is clinically-based and can be a challenge for physicians unfamiliar with CFP. To date, no specific treatment exists. Physiopathologically, the primary targets of CTXs are well identified, as are the secondary events that may contribute to CFP symptomatology. This review describes the clinical features, focusing on the sensory disturbances, and then reports on the neuronal targets and effects of CTXs, as well as the neurophysiological and histological studies that have contributed to existing knowledge of CFP neuropathophysiology at the molecular, neurocellular and nerve levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian L’Herondelle
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Matthieu Talagas
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Olivier Mignen
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, INSERM U1227, Lymphocytes B et auto-immunité, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Laurent Misery
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaele Le Garrec
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
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10
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Martin RM, Stallrich J, Bereman MS. Mixture designs to investigate adverse effects upon co-exposure to environmental cyanotoxins. Toxicology 2019; 421:74-83. [PMID: 31029734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to implement powerful mixture design techniques, commonly used in process optimization, to investigate enhanced adverse effects upon co-exposure to environmental cyanotoxins. Exposure to cyanobacteria, which are found ubiquitously in environmental water reservoirs, have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the known co-occurrence of various cyanotoxins, the majority of studies investigating this link have focused on the investigation of a single cyanotoxin, a noncanonical amino acid called β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), which poorly recapitulates an actual environmental exposure. Interactions amongst cyanotoxic compounds is an area of great concern and remains poorly understood. To this end, we describe the use of a simplex axial mixture design to screen for interactive adverse effects of cyanotoxic mixtures. Using a combination of basic toxicity assays coupled with contemporary proteomic techniques, our results show the existence of a significant (p ≤ 0.01) interaction between BMAA and its isomers aminoethyl glycine (AEG) and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4DAB). Cyanotoxic mixtures significantly decreased cell viability by an average of 19% and increased caspases 3/7 activities by an average of 110% when compared to individual cyanotoxins (p ≤ 0.05). Cyanotoxic mixtures perturbed various biological pathways associated with neurodegeneration, including inhibition of protective autophagy and activation of mitochondrial dysfunction (z-score >|2|). Additionally, exposure to mixtures perturbed important upstream regulators involved in cellular dysfunction, morbidity, and development. Taken together, our results highlight: (1) the need to study combinations of cyanotoxins when investigating the link between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative pathologies and (2) the application of design of experiment (DoE) as an efficient methodology to study mixtures of relevant environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia M Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan Stallrich
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Michael S Bereman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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11
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Chine VB, Au NPB, Kumar G, Ma CHE. Targeting Axon Integrity to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3244-3259. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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